EP0655592A1 - Dispositif pour le refroidissement des produits alimentations, en particulier dans un avion - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le refroidissement des produits alimentations, en particulier dans un avion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0655592A1
EP0655592A1 EP94116360A EP94116360A EP0655592A1 EP 0655592 A1 EP0655592 A1 EP 0655592A1 EP 94116360 A EP94116360 A EP 94116360A EP 94116360 A EP94116360 A EP 94116360A EP 0655592 A1 EP0655592 A1 EP 0655592A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
cooling
transport container
heat exchange
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94116360A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0655592B1 (fr
Inventor
Harald Kull
Thomas Dr. Scherer
Siegfried Seidler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations GmbH filed Critical Airbus Operations GmbH
Publication of EP0655592A1 publication Critical patent/EP0655592A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0655592B1 publication Critical patent/EP0655592B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/04—Galleys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/0007—Devices specially adapted for food or beverage distribution services
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D15/00—Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0629—Environmental Control Systems with subsystems for cooling food, catering or special loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/918—Heated and cooled food cabinets and/or trays
    • Y10S165/919—Wheeled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for cooling food, in particular in an aircraft, the food being stored in usually known transport containers and the transport containers occupying predetermined parking spaces within the aircraft, preferably in at least one galley.
  • the transport containers have predetermined dimensions regardless of the type of aircraft, since these containers are usually used worldwide by airlines. They are fully assembled and pre-cooled outside the aircraft and have to be parked in the galley after being loaded onto the aircraft and further cooled with appropriate facilities.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic arrangement such that energy losses are minimized and thus a significantly improved efficiency is achieved and a maximum available space in the dimensioned transport container is achieved.
  • This object is achieved in a generic arrangement in that approximately one parking space is assigned to the transport container, a heat exchange device, a secondary circuit circulating mainly in the walls of the transport container in heat transfer lines, which absorbs cooling energy at the heat exchange device and releases the cooling energy to the transport container again.
  • the heat exchange device is connected to a cooling unit and that the heat exchange device and at least one side of the transport container are provided with contact surfaces which are in contact with one another in order to ensure heat conduction.
  • a control device is assigned to the respective heat exchange device. In this way, a cold supply adapted to the demand is guaranteed at all times, depending on the required cooling capacity in the transport containers.
  • the heat exchange device is preferably arranged above the transport container.
  • the respective contact surface for heat transfer is preferably located below the heat exchange device and preferably on the upper cover plate of the transport container.
  • the contact surfaces are designed to be mechanically separable by means of a lifting and lowering device.
  • the cooling unit in the primary circuit can be designed as a compression cold steam engine, wherein it is connected to at least one heat exchange device designed as an evaporator via a supply line designed as a refrigerant liquid line and, if necessary, a pump, and the evaporator is connected to the compression cold steam engine via a return line designed as a refrigerant vapor line .
  • the cooling unit in the primary circuit is designed as a sorption device, wherein it is connected to at least one heat exchange device designed as an evaporator via a supply line designed as a refrigerant liquid line and, if necessary, a pump, and the evaporator is connected to the sorption device via a return line designed as a refrigerant vapor line.
  • An embodiment of the sorption device can essentially look such that it is made up of at least two periodically operating, parallel-connected cooker adsorbers, which adsorb and desorb the refrigerant (water) in a quasi-continuous process, a vacuum pump, a condenser and a refrigerant collection container that can be activated as required .
  • This ensures almost continuous cooling.
  • Zeolite can be used as a sorbent and water can be used as a refrigerant, which can be used particularly advantageously in aircraft, since it is ecologically and physiologically harmless.
  • a further embodiment of the sorption device can essentially look such that it essentially consists of a cooker and an absorber, which are connected in series and which absorb and desorb the refrigerant in a continuous process, a pump which can be activated as required, a condenser and a refrigerant collecting container as required is constructed.
  • the control unit In order to achieve a controlled refrigerant supply to the respective evaporator with the control unit, it essentially consists of an injection quantity regulator and an outflow quantity regulator, each of which is connected to a setpoint generator, and the injection quantity regulator via at least one measuring transducer with a position switch for detecting the position of the transport container and optionally is connected to at least one temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the refrigerated goods within the transport container and / or to a level sensor in the evaporator and the outflow quantity controller is connected to the position switch via at least one measuring transducer and optionally to at least one temperature sensor in the transport container and / or to a pressure sensor in the evaporator is.
  • control unit on the respective heat exchange device essentially consists of a flow rate controller, which is connected to a setpoint generator, and the flow rate controller via measuring transducers with a position switch for detecting the position of the transport container and optionally with at least one temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the refrigerated goods is connected within the transport container and / or with a temperature sensor on the heat exchange device.
  • control unit is designed as a microprocessor.
  • control units on the respective heat exchange devices are combined in a central process computer.
  • the setpoint generator is programmable as a function of the cabin temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for cooling food 1 in an aircraft 2 in an overview.
  • the foodstuffs are stored in usually known transport containers, which take up predetermined parking spaces inside the aircraft, preferably in galley 3a to 3e located inside the cabin.
  • a central cooling unit 4 each of the on-board kitchens 3a to 3e with cooling energy is supplied via a central line system with a supply and a return line 5 and 6, which feeds and removes the cooling medium, for example a refrigerant or a heat transfer medium, to the respective consumer provided.
  • Each device for generating cold is referred to here and in the following description as the cooling unit 4.
  • heat exchange devices for example evaporators
  • a heat carrier of a secondary circuit can give off heat and cool down.
  • This heat transfer medium transfers the absorbed cooling energy to the food stored in the transport containers.
  • a heat exchange device preferably an evaporator
  • a heat exchange device can be placed in known galley kitchens instead of a compression cold steam engine, using the usually present secondary circuit with the heat carrier air.
  • existing secondary circuits in the existing galley can advantageously be converted to a central, preferably CFC-free, cooling supply without expensive conversions.
  • a cooling unit designed as a sorption device for example, this is possible with a cooling unit designed as a sorption device.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic representation of the arrangement for cooling food 1, on the basis of which the possible solution of the solution according to the invention is described, can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the primary circuit for cooling consists essentially of the cooling unit 4, the Evaporators 9a to 9d, the supply line 5 designed as a refrigerant liquid line, in which the liquefied refrigerant is transported to the respective evaporator 9a to 9d if necessary by a pump 5a, and the return line 6 designed as a refrigerant vapor line, in which the evaporated refrigerant returns to the cooling unit 4 is directed.
  • transport containers 8a to 8d take up their predetermined locations. These parking spaces are each located in a galley 3, as already explained in the description of FIG. 1.
  • an evaporator 9a to 9d is assigned to each of the parking spaces 7a to 7d of the transport containers 8a to 8d.
  • the evaporator 9 is preferably arranged above the transport container 8 in such a way that a contact surface 10 of the evaporator 9 is thermally conductively connected to a contact surface 14 'of an upper cover plate 14 of the transport container 9 located underneath.
  • the cold is transferred from the evaporator 9 to the transport container 8 on the principle of a cascade connection.
  • the contact pressure required for good heat conduction can be achieved by a lifting or lowering device, not shown.
  • the automatically or manually operated lifting or lowering device lifts the evaporator 9 with the contact surface 10 to such an extent that the transport container 8 can be removed from the galley 3 and remains in this position until a transport container 8 is placed on the corresponding parking space 7 again. Then the lifting or lowering device lowers the contact surface 10 of the evaporator 9 to such an extent that good heat conduction to the upper cover plate 14 is ensured.
  • Fig. 3 the transport container 8 is shown, which is equipped with rollers 17.
  • the cooled heat transfer fluid flows according to the thermosiphon principle in an insulated down pipe 16 in the lower region of the Transport container 8.
  • the liquid heats up in the cooling coils 15 of the side walls and rises due to the lower density and gives off the heat absorbed to the evaporator 9. Then the cycle begins again.
  • Fig. 2 it can be seen that the supply and discharge of the amount of refrigerant can be regulated according to the required cooling capacity in the respective transport container 8 on the evaporator 9 via an outflow valve 12 and an injection valve 13.
  • a control unit 11 which is arranged on each evaporator 9, the optimal cooling capacity can be controlled, which of course contributes to increasing the efficiency of the arrangement.
  • the mode of operation of the control unit 11 is explained with the description of FIG. 5.
  • the sorption device 4 shows the arrangement for cooling food 1 with a special configuration of the cooling unit 4 as a sorption device.
  • the refrigerant liquid line 5 runs from the sorption device 4 to the galley 3a to 3e and the refrigerant vapor line 6 leads the refrigerant vapor back to the sorption device 4.
  • the connection to the evaporator 9 of the refrigerant lines 5, 6 is only shown in more detail for the galley 3b for reasons of clarity . It is identical for the other kitchens. With this representation, the mode of operation of the so-called primary circuit of the arrangement for cooling food 1 can be explained.
  • the sorption device 4 is essentially constructed from two periodically operating, parallel-connected cooker adsorbers 18 and 19, which adsorb and desorb the refrigerant in a quasi-continuous process.
  • Zeolite should preferably be used as the sorbent and water as the refrigerant.
  • This working material pair is harmless from an ecological and physiological point of view and therefore this sorption technology can be used for refrigeration systems in an aircraft as a real alternative to compression cold steam engines that use CFCs as refrigerants.
  • the primary circuit operates in the rough vacuum range and so a vacuum pump 22 is arranged within the sorption device 4. If necessary, it pumps in foreign gases that have penetrated via a foreign gas line 25 and foreign gas valves 26 from a collecting container 27 for the desorbed refrigerant or the cooker adsorbers 18, 19.
  • the cooling process is as follows.
  • the sorbent zeolite in the cooker adsorber 18 is heated by a heat input Q to, preferably existing in the aircraft engine bleed air.
  • the refrigerant water bound in the zeolite is expelled in the form of water vapor and passed via a desorption valve 20 into a refrigerant line for the desorbed water vapor 24 to a condenser 23 in which the water vapor is liquefied.
  • the liquefied refrigerant is collected in the collecting container 27.
  • the pump 5a in the refrigerant liquid line 5 provides a sufficient refrigerant pressure for the injection valve 13 on the respective evaporator 9.
  • the amount of refrigerant in the evaporator 9 is set in accordance with the required cooling capacity in the transport container 8.
  • a precise representation of the control is made in the description of FIG. 5. Evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator 9 at low pressure removes heat from the secondary circuit in the transport container 8. The evaporated refrigerant is sucked back to the sorption device 4 via the refrigerant vapor line 6. If sufficient refrigerant is expelled in the cooker adsorber 18, the heat supply Q is set to and the three-way valve for the desorption 20 is switched to the cooker adsorber 19, which now begins its desorption phase.
  • the adsorption phase now begins, in which the refrigerant vapor is drawn in and adsorbed by the sorbent from the evaporators 9 via the refrigerant vapor line 6 and a three-way valve for the adsorption 21 switched to the cooker adsorber 18.
  • a three-way valve for the adsorption 21 switched to the cooker adsorber 18.
  • cabin exhaust air from the passenger compartment or ram air can be used.
  • Such a periodically operating sorption device works with the same liquefaction and evaporation processes as a compression refrigerator. This means that the same components can even be used for the condenser and the evaporator.
  • FIG. 5 shows the detail IV from FIG. 4, which shows the control unit 11 for controlling the required amount of refrigerant in the evaporator 9. It is implemented with two control loops, the first of which is the injection of the liquid refrigerant into the Evaporator 9 through an injection valve 13 and the second regulates the flow of the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 9 through an outflow valve 12.
  • the required cooling capacity is to be provided in accordance with the target temperature on the respective transport container 8, which is on average between 1 and 7 ° C. and must be achieved at different cabin temperatures. This condition is realized by the control circuit on the outflow valve 12.
  • the control circuit on the injection valve 13 ensures that there is always sufficient liquefied refrigerant in the evaporator 9.
  • the direct measurement of the quantity of coolant injected into the evaporator 9 by means of the fill level sensor 31 is preferably used for the control of the injection valve 13.
  • the flow rate through the outflow valve 12 is regulated via an outflow rate controller 35, which is determined by the input variables position of the transport container 8, pressure in the evaporator 9 and / or temperature in the transport container 8. These measured variables are input to the outflow quantity controller 35 via measuring transducer 33, which is preferably coupled to a setpoint generator 36.
  • the setpoint generator 36 is preferably coupled to a process computer, the setpoint being variably adjustable as a function of a further controlled variable, for example the cabin temperature. In further versions, a manual setting of the setpoint is possible or a predetermined fixed setpoint is assumed.
  • the pressure in the evaporator 9 is functionally related to the temperature in the transport container 8.
  • the regulation of the outflow valve 12 therefore takes into account that, due to the heat capacities in the transport container 8, there is a time delay until the desired temperature within the transport container 8 occurs on the refrigerated goods.
  • the direct measurement of the pressure in the evaporator 9 should therefore preferably be used for the control loop.
  • the measurement of the temperature is only to be regarded as a safety measurement for the preferred embodiment.
  • the implementation of the control is possible with appropriate circuits and logic, preferably using microprocessors.
  • control unit 11 of each existing evaporator 9 is no longer arranged directly on the evaporator 9, but they are combined in a central process computer.
  • the primary circuit can be implemented as a cooling medium by a circulating heat transfer fluid, for example a water-glycol mixture.
  • a controlled supply of cold to the respective heat exchange device within the galley can then essentially be achieved with a flow valve that can be regulated by a flow regulator and is connected to a setpoint device.
  • the setpoint generator is preferably coupled to a process computer, the setpoint being variably adjustable as a function of a further controlled variable, for example the cabin temperature.
  • a manual setting of the setpoint is possible or a predetermined fixed setpoint is assumed.
  • the flow rate controller regulates the flow rate at the valve only when a transport container is in its place and reacts according to the input variables temperature of the refrigerated goods or optionally temperature at the heat exchange device, which are detected by temperature sensors.
EP94116360A 1993-11-26 1994-10-15 Dispositif pour le refroidissement des produits alimentations, en particulier dans un avion Expired - Lifetime EP0655592B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4340316 1993-11-26
DE4340316A DE4340316C2 (de) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Anordnung zur Kühlung von Lebensmitteln in einem Flugzeug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0655592A1 true EP0655592A1 (fr) 1995-05-31
EP0655592B1 EP0655592B1 (fr) 1998-07-08

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EP94116360A Expired - Lifetime EP0655592B1 (fr) 1993-11-26 1994-10-15 Dispositif pour le refroidissement des produits alimentations, en particulier dans un avion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5491979A (fr)
EP (1) EP0655592B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07225074A (fr)
DE (2) DE4340316C2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2106584C1 (fr)

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FR3056964B1 (fr) * 2016-09-30 2021-10-08 Safran Electronics & Defense Aeronef ayant des calculateurs repartis dans le fuselage
FR3057054B1 (fr) * 2016-09-30 2019-08-02 Safran Electronics & Defense Module de refroidissement et unite electronique comportant un tel module
JP6899748B2 (ja) * 2017-09-25 2021-07-07 株式会社前川製作所 移動体の冷却システム
DE102017126693A1 (de) 2017-11-14 2019-05-16 Airbus Operations Gmbh Kühlanordnung für eine Bordküche und Bordküche
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US11760283B2 (en) * 2019-04-05 2023-09-19 901D, Llc Modular packaging for rugged electronics enclosures
FR3111417B1 (fr) 2020-06-11 2022-07-29 Calopor Appareil de réfrigération avec dispositif de retrait de chaleur statique monobloc

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WO2008061713A1 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Système de refroidissement et procédé pour le refroidissement d'un dispositif d'aéronef
WO2008061712A1 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Circuit de refroidissement multi-étages pour composants électroniques d'un aéronef
JP2010510116A (ja) * 2006-11-20 2010-04-02 エアバス ドイチェランド ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 航空機の電子コンポーネントの多段階冷却
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US8438865B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-05-14 Airbus Operations Gmbh Cooling system and method for cooling an aircraft device
CN101547831B (zh) * 2006-11-20 2014-09-24 空中客车德国运营有限责任公司 冷却系统和用于冷却飞机设备的方法
US9451732B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2016-09-20 Airbus Operations Gmbh Multistage cooling of electronic components of an aircraft
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RU94042253A (ru) 1996-12-20
DE4340316A1 (de) 1995-06-01
DE4340316C2 (de) 1996-03-21
RU2106584C1 (ru) 1998-03-10
DE59406409D1 (de) 1998-08-13
JPH07225074A (ja) 1995-08-22
US5491979A (en) 1996-02-20
EP0655592B1 (fr) 1998-07-08

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