EP0654608B1 - Procédé pour commander le mouvement d'un vérin à fluide et vérin à fluide - Google Patents
Procédé pour commander le mouvement d'un vérin à fluide et vérin à fluide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0654608B1 EP0654608B1 EP94117703A EP94117703A EP0654608B1 EP 0654608 B1 EP0654608 B1 EP 0654608B1 EP 94117703 A EP94117703 A EP 94117703A EP 94117703 A EP94117703 A EP 94117703A EP 0654608 B1 EP0654608 B1 EP 0654608B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- pressure medium
- movement
- piston rod
- control device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/046—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member
- F15B11/048—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member with deceleration control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/082—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of the slotted cylinder type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
- F15B2211/30565—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
- F15B2211/3057—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having two valves, one for each port of a double-acting output member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
- F15B2211/327—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
- F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
- F15B2211/6336—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the output member, e.g. position, speed or acceleration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
- F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
- F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/755—Control of acceleration or deceleration of the output member
Definitions
- the invention is based on a rodless pressure medium cylinder.
- pressure medium cylinders of this type the movement of the piston takes place due to a pressure difference between its two end faces.
- the movement of the piston is absorbed by a lateral extension which projects outwards through a longitudinal slot in the housing.
- the longitudinal slot is sealed at least on the inside by a sealing tape which is lifted from the longitudinal slot within the piston.
- the movement takes place in that compressed air is let into one partial interior, while a pressure medium passage is opened in the area of the other end.
- the piston is thereby displaced and the air on the other side of the piston is conveyed outside through the pressure medium outlet.
- the resistance that the drive must overcome is determined, among other things, by the flow resistance of the pressure medium outlet.
- Braking takes place that the pressure on the drive side of the piston is reduced to atmospheric pressure.
- the piston is then braked to a standstill, the braking force being determined by the flow resistance when the air flows out.
- the flow resistance is chosen to be relatively large, ie the opening cross sections are chosen to be small. However, these small opening cross-sections act during the entire movement of the piston, so that the speed that can be achieved with such a pressure medium cylinder is limited.
- a pneumatic rotary drive for the precise positioning of a power consumer is already known (EP-A-479 399), in which the features of the first part of claim 1 and claim 8 are present.
- a linearly movable piston is positioned exactly in such a way that in the two piston front spaces an intermittent force balance of the compressed air can be set for a short time. None is said here about the braking of the piston.
- the invention has for its object to provide a way to increase the possible speed in a rodless pressure cylinder using the other advantages of the pressure cylinder.
- the invention proposes a method with the features of claim 1 and a pressure medium cylinder with the features of claim 8. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the respective subclaims.
- both interiors of the cylinder are vented at a standstill, d. H. that the pressure in both interiors is reduced. It can be provided that the pressure which moves the piston forward is reduced before it comes to a standstill, possibly simultaneously with the ventilation of the other interior.
- pressure medium cylinders normally assume the same function in a system, it can be provided according to the invention that the counter ventilation is triggered in a time-dependent manner, i. H. after a certain time from the start of the movement. This point in time can be tailored to the respective application situation.
- the position of the piston is measured and then its speed is also determined if necessary. In this way, the speed or position of the piston can also be taken into account when the counter-ventilation is triggered.
- the invention proposes in a further development that a shock absorber can be arranged at the end of the housing, which can absorb the remaining kinetic energy of the piston when it hits the housing end.
- This can be a conventional hydraulic or other shock absorber. In this way, it becomes possible to make better use of the overall length, since the braking can even be controlled so that the piston can still reach the end of the housing at a speed other than zero.
- the rodless pressure medium cylinder proposed by the invention has a control device which can control the valves and is designed such that it can carry out the above-mentioned operations.
- control device can have a timer which is started at the start of the movement and, after a set time has elapsed, triggers the counter-ventilation and / or the opening of the valve on the drive side.
- the pressure medium cylinder can have a measuring device for measuring the position and / or the speed of the piston.
- the control device can then take these variables into account when controlling the valves.
- control device is designed in such a way that it can actuate the valves cyclically.
- the pressure medium cylinder can have a shock absorber for braking the piston at the end of the housing.
- the piston can be operated so that it works in both directions in the same way, so that it can be operated in both directions at high speed. However, it is also possible, for example, to let it work at high speed only in one direction, but then to let it run in the other direction with a throttled device.
- the highly simplified pressure medium cylinder contains an elongated housing 1, which contains an essentially circular cylindrical interior 2.
- the housing 1 On the upper side in FIG. 1, the housing 1 has a longitudinal slot 3, which extends in the longitudinal direction over the entire length of the housing 1 and of which one side wall can be seen in the figure. In the area of both ends, the housing is closed by a terminating head 4. Details of this attachment and the associated seals are not shown, since this pressure cylinder is known so far.
- a piston 5 in the interior 2, which completely fills the interior 2 in the area of its two end faces 6 and is sealed against it, for example by circumferential lip seals or the like. 2 B divided, which are mutually sealed by the piston 5.
- Each of the terminating heads 4 contains a pressure medium passage 7, which is connected to a valve 9 outside the pressure medium cylinder via a pressure medium line 8.
- the pressure medium passages 7 act once as an inlet and once as an outlet.
- the valves 9 are designed such that they can either connect the associated pressure medium line 8 to the atmosphere, which is referred to in this description as an opening. On the other hand, they can also connect the pressure medium line 8 to a pressure medium source, not shown, for example a compressed air source.
- the valves 9 are controlled electrically. They are both open when de-energized so that no damage occurs if the power supply fails.
- the valves 9 are controlled via the electrical control lines 10 by a controller 11.
- the controller 11 contains a control device 12 which supplies the signals required for actuating the valves 9.
- the controller also contains a programming unit 13 in which various parameters of the controller can be entered.
- a position measuring unit 14 runs parallel to the housing 1 and is connected to the control unit 12 via a line 15.
- the position measuring unit 14 supplies a signal which indicates the current position of the piston 5 to the control unit 12.
- the shoulder 16 attached to the side of the piston 5 can interact with the position measuring unit 14 and thereby indicate the position of the piston 5.
- the control device 12 can calculate the speed of the piston from the position information and its time sequence known from a timer 17.
- the valve 9 is opened on the right-hand side; H. the pressure medium passage 7 placed in the atmosphere.
- the left valve 9 is switched so that the pressure medium passage 7 there is connected to a pressure medium source.
- a greater pressure prevails in the left subspace 2a than in the right subspace 2b, so that the piston 5 starts to move.
- the valve 9 is switched on the side to which the piston 5 moves so that the pressure line 8 with the pressure medium source is connected.
- the room 2b is therefore ventilated. This brakes the piston 5 strongly.
- the valve 9 assigned to the other sub-chamber 2a can be controlled in such a way that the sub-chamber 2a is vented.
- the control device 12 can query whether the piston 5 has reached the end position after a certain time after triggering the counter ventilation. This time can be set on device 13. Such a situation can occur if, for example, the object which is to be moved by the piston 5 is prevented or inhibited by external circumstances. If the control unit 12 determines that the end position has not been reached, it can move the piston even further by venting the subspace 2b again and venting the subspace 2a. If the left subspace 2a is still under pressure at this point, one is of course sufficient brief venting of sub-room 2b. This temporary venting can be achieved by cyclically actuating valve 9.
- a second way of ensuring that the end position is reached safely is that the speed is determined during braking and then, if this speed falls below a normal speed, braking is interrupted so that the piston 5 does not come to a standstill allow.
- An example of an application for a pressure medium cylinder of this type is the cutting off of film webs that are continuously produced and rolled up. As soon as a roll is full, the film web must be separated by a knife moved transversely to the longitudinal direction of the film. The movement of the film itself cannot be stopped.
- the cutting knife is mounted directly on the piston attachment of the high-speed cylinder and is guided with the piston over the entire stroke length. The higher the speed of the piston, the more perpendicular the knife can cut the film. This significantly increases the productivity of such a system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
Claims (15)
- Procédé pour commander le déplacement du piston (5) d'un vérin à fluide sous pression, dans lequel le piston (5) est entraîné par l'introduction d'un fluide sous pression dans le volume intérieur partiel (2a, 2b) du vérin devant l'un des côtés frontaux (6) du piston (5), et le volume intérieur (2b, 2a) du vérin qui est situé devant l'autre côté frontal (6) du piston (5) est mis à l'atmosphère pendant le déplacement du piston (5), caractérisé par le fait que le volume intérieur (2b, 2a) qui est situé devant l'autre côté frontal (6) du piston (5) est mis sous pression par introduction du fluide sous pression peu avant que la fin du déplacement ne soit atteinte.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les deux volumes intérieurs partiels (2a, 2b) du vérin sont mis à l'atmosphère à l'arrêt.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le volume intérieur d'entraînement respectif (2a, 2b) est déjà mis à l'atmosphère avant l'arrêt, et le cas échéant en même temps qu'a lieu la mise sous pression du volume intérieur (2b, 2a) qui est l'autre à chaque fois.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la mise sous pression antagoniste est déclenchée en fonction du temps.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on détermine la position et/ou la vitesse du piston (5), et on déclenche de préférence la mise sous pression antagoniste en fonction de la position et/ou de la vitesse du piston (5).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on vérifie après le début du freinage si le piston (5) a atteint l'extrémité du trajet, et on interrompt la mise sous pression antagoniste le cas échéant.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le déplacement du piston (5) est freiné en supplément par un amortisseur de chocs à l'extrémité du carter (1).
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston, comprenant un carter (1) qui comporte un volume intérieur (2), un piston (5) qui est disposé dans le volume intérieur (2) en pouvant coulisser et qui divise le volume intérieur (2) en deux volumes partiels (2a, 2b), ceux-ci étant rendus étanches l'un par rapport à l'autre, au moins un passage à fluide sous pression (7) qui est situé dans la région de chaque extrémité du carter (1) et qui est relié à une valve (9) à chaque fois, et un dispositif de commande (12) qui est destiné à exciter les valves (9), qui, en vue du déplacement du piston (5), relie à une source de fluide sous pression la valve (9) associée à l'un des volumes partiels (2a, 2b) et qui ouvre à l'atmosphère la valve (9) associée à l'autre volume partiel (2b, 2a), caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de commande (12) relie ce volume partiel (2b, 2a) à une source de fluide sous pression par commutation de la valve associée (9) peu avant que la fin du déplacement du piston (5) ne soit atteinte.
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le dispositif de commande (12) ouvre à l'arrêt les valves (9) qui sont associées aux deux volumes partiels (2a, 2b).
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 et 9, dans lequel le dispositif de commande (12) ouvre la valve (9) qui produit l'entraînement dès avant l'arrêt, et le cas échéant en même temps que commence la mise sous pression antagoniste.
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, dans lequel le dispositif de commande (12) comporte une horloge (17) qui déclenche la mise sous pression antagoniste après qu'une durée pré-réglée s'est écoulée.
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, comprenant un dispositif de mesure (14) pour déterminer la position et/ou la vitesse du piston (5).
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, dans lequel le dispositif de commande (12) est constitué de manière à pouvoir actionner les valves (9) d'une manière cadencée.
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13, comprenant un amortisseur de chocs pour freiner le piston (5) à l'extrémité du carter (1).
- Vérin à fluide sous pression sans tige de piston selon l'une des revendications 8 à 14, comprenant un dispositif d'introduction des données (13) pour fixer et/ou modifier les conditions de la mise sous pression antagoniste.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4339444 | 1993-11-19 | ||
DE4339444A DE4339444A1 (de) | 1993-11-19 | 1993-11-19 | Verfahren zum Steuern der Bewegung eines Druckmittelzylinders und Druckmittelzylinder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0654608A1 EP0654608A1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 |
EP0654608B1 true EP0654608B1 (fr) | 1997-07-16 |
Family
ID=6502935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94117703A Expired - Lifetime EP0654608B1 (fr) | 1993-11-19 | 1994-11-10 | Procédé pour commander le mouvement d'un vérin à fluide et vérin à fluide |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0654608B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4339444A1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1001006A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019020617A1 (fr) | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Schunk Gmbh & Co. Kg Spann- Und Greiftechnik | Unité de pivotement |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE510839C2 (sv) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-06-28 | Safe Net I Harads Ab | Pneumatisk öppnings- och stängningsanordning |
DE19613128C2 (de) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-04-09 | Chiron Werke Gmbh | Werkzeugmaschine mit einer Vorrichtung, die durch eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit betätigbar ist |
DE19613129A1 (de) | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-09 | Chiron Werke Gmbh | Werkstücktisch für eine Werkzeugmaschine |
GB9608580D0 (en) * | 1996-04-24 | 1996-07-03 | Hoffman David | Transfer arrangement |
AT3017U3 (de) | 1999-03-18 | 2000-03-27 | Hoerbiger Hydraulik | Steueranordnung für einen arbeitszylinder |
DE19915260C5 (de) * | 1999-04-03 | 2009-06-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Linearantrieb |
DE10122297C1 (de) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-06-27 | Festo Ag & Co | Vorrichtung zur gedämpften Positionierung eines in einem Zylinder verschiebbaren Kolbens in einer Anschlagposition |
DE10241804A1 (de) * | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-18 | Kuhnke Gmbh | Verfahren zum Steuern eines pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigten Aktuators |
DE20218487U1 (de) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-03-13 | Rexroth Mecman GmbH, 30453 Hannover | Pneumatisch endlagengedämpfte Antriebsordnung, insbesondere für einen Türantrieb |
DE102005060530A1 (de) * | 2005-12-17 | 2007-06-21 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Belüftung eines Schaltelementes |
DE102008024338B4 (de) * | 2008-05-20 | 2010-04-15 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Elektro-pneumatisches Antriebssystem sowie Verfahren zu seinem Betreiben |
CN102721428B (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-06-10 | 湖南众航科技有限公司 | 一种速度-位移传感器 |
CN102720718B (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南大学 | 一种无杆内藏集成式宽带动态缸 |
DE102019120863A1 (de) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | Atlas Copco Ias Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines mechanischen Füge- oder Umformprozesses |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4450753A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1984-05-29 | Ford Motor Company | Electro-hydraulic proportional actuator |
DE3429783A1 (de) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-02-20 | Herion-Werke Kg, 7012 Fellbach | Kolbenstangenloser zylinder |
DE4031185C2 (de) * | 1990-10-01 | 1995-11-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Pneumatischer Drehantrieb für die genaue Positionierung eines Kraftabnehmers |
-
1993
- 1993-11-19 DE DE4339444A patent/DE4339444A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-11-10 DE DE59403382T patent/DE59403382D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-10 EP EP94117703A patent/EP0654608B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-12-31 HK HK97102699A patent/HK1001006A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019020617A1 (fr) | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Schunk Gmbh & Co. Kg Spann- Und Greiftechnik | Unité de pivotement |
DE102017117000A1 (de) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Schunk Gmbh & Co. Kg Spann- Und Greiftechnik | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Aktuators sowie Aktuator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0654608A1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 |
DE59403382D1 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
DE4339444A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
HK1001006A1 (en) | 1998-05-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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