EP0645309B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anpassung der Höhe einer Verpackung an die Höhe ihres Inhalts und Schneidevorrichtung dafür - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anpassung der Höhe einer Verpackung an die Höhe ihres Inhalts und Schneidevorrichtung dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0645309B1
EP0645309B1 EP94401939A EP94401939A EP0645309B1 EP 0645309 B1 EP0645309 B1 EP 0645309B1 EP 94401939 A EP94401939 A EP 94401939A EP 94401939 A EP94401939 A EP 94401939A EP 0645309 B1 EP0645309 B1 EP 0645309B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
package
cutting
sides
height
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94401939A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0645309A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Ortmans
Charles Antoine De Barbuat
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Savoye Nouvelle SA
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Savoye Nouvelle SA
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Publication of EP0645309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0645309A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B59/00—Arrangements to enable machines to handle articles of different sizes, to produce packages of different sizes, to vary the contents of packages, to handle different types of packaging material, or to give access for cleaning or maintenance purposes
    • B65B59/001—Arrangements to enable adjustments related to the product to be packaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B59/00—Arrangements to enable machines to handle articles of different sizes, to produce packages of different sizes, to vary the contents of packages, to handle different types of packaging material, or to give access for cleaning or maintenance purposes
    • B65B59/003—Arrangements to enable adjustments related to the packaging material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2210/00—Specific aspects of the packaging machine
    • B65B2210/04—Customised on demand packaging by determining a specific characteristic, e.g. shape or height, of articles or material to be packaged and selecting, creating or adapting a packaging accordingly, e.g. making a carton starting from web material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the packaging of a package comprising a bottom intended to support a load and sides having a predetermined height.
  • the load can be composed of one or more articles, such as boxes, bottles, documents or food products, preconditioned or not, grouped or placed individually at the bottom of the packaging.
  • the invention relates to a packaging by means of which the load is held in place against the bottom so that the load remains substantially immobile inside the packaging when the latter is handled and transported and is capable of '' be subject to shocks, falls, vibrations, tilting and overturning. Maintaining the load practically amounts to subjecting the load to the packaging so that the load is relatively immobile and stable in the packaging.
  • Second borders of the sheets overlap on the load and are heat-sealed, and the sheets are heat-shrunk in order to apply the load against the bottom and thus keep it stationary on the bottom.
  • the two sheets can be replaced by a single sheet.
  • Such packages are standard packages, that is to say having one size or only a few sizes.
  • the volume of the load in each package is very often unsuitable for the size of the package.
  • the volume of the load is less than the interior volume of the package, and more particularly the height of the load is less than the height of the package.
  • the packaging thus occupies an overall volume on average which can exceed double the volume of all the packaged loads, which penalizes the transport of the packaging both in cost and in weight.
  • packaging with plastic sheets is not reusable and constitutes lost packaging, since they can each be used only once to condition the load.
  • the sheets To remove the load from the packaging, the sheets must be torn or cut on the one hand, and very often be separated from the bottom or sides of the packaging by damaging them.
  • a reduction in height of a parallelepiped packaging consists of applying a plate of corresponding section to the bottom of the packaging on the load, cutting edges in the vertical corners of the packaging from the face top of the plate to the upper end of the walls of the packaging by means of four devices with a blade or notching wheel, to laterally groove the external face of the four walls parallel to the bottom and at the level of the plate by means four knurls so as to form four foldable flaps at the top of the walls, and to fold the flaps over the top of the plate applied to the load, the flaps being made integral with each other and with the plate by gluing the flaps.
  • US-A-3953956 describes an apparatus for forming flaps or flaps in a loaded package with a rectangular cardboard section using a process similar to that according to FR-A-2560581.
  • a conveyor platform supporting the open package is elevated to a horizontal rectangular compression plate which is applied against the top of the load.
  • four cutting blades are placed horizontally coplanarly the plate inside the packaging.
  • the four vertical walls of the packaging are pressed respectively between the four cutting blades and four pressing elements which are applied against the external faces of the walls so as to form horizontal creasing lines on the internal faces of the walls. These crease lines delimit above the load the upper flaps which are folded against the load around the crease lines.
  • the packaging is closed by folding the flaps over a plate covering the load or directly on the load.
  • the formation of flaps in the upper part of the package weakens the rigidity of the walls of the initial package.
  • the recovery of the load by flaps is often curved and unsuitable for a flat presentation of the top of the package required for certain packages and for stacking the packages.
  • This folding of flaps against the top of the load, after a creasing of the sides of the packaging at the reduced height could be replaced for example by a planing of the excess packaging located above the load so that that the volume of the packaging is substantially of the same order as that of the load or by crushing the excess against the load.
  • the main object of the present invention is to obviate the drawback relating to transport according to the prior art, that is to say to provide packaging of loads offering, after reduction in height, qualities similar to standard initial packaging.
  • a reduced packaging according to the invention both ensures maintenance of the loads in the packaging against shocks and vibrations and preserves the rigidity and stacking qualities of standard packaging.
  • a conditioning method for holding a load in a package comprising a bottom intended to support the load and sides having a height greater than that of the load, is characterized by measuring the height of the load to deduce therefrom reduced height substantially equal to the measured height of the load, a cut of the sides at the reduced height, an evacuation of an excess of packaging located above the cut sides, and a closure of the cut packaging over the sides cut and the charge contained in the packaging.
  • Cutting the packaging at the reduced height substantially equal to the height of the load uses previously, when packages of different sizes must continuously receive various loads, measuring the height of the load to deduce the reduced height, but also can use the measurement of at least one of the dimensions, such as width or length or diameter, of the bottom of the packaging.
  • the evacuation of the excess is preferably mechanized in order to avoid jamming or falling of this excess in the packaging.
  • the method can comprise positioning the cutting means substantially at the reduced height so that the sides of the package are cut by the positioned cutting means.
  • closing the packaging includes applying a cover, or a wrapping film, or at least a strip. strapping, on an opening of the cut package above the load at said reduced height.
  • the load is placed in the empty packaging and the height of the load is measured in order to deduce the reduced height therefrom.
  • This solution is preferable compared to placing the load on the bottom after the reduction of the packaging, since the upper opening of the packaging can be substantially obstructed by cutting burrs and / or waste excess packaging towards the interior of the packaging.
  • the cutting means can comprise as many individual cutting means as there are sides of the package.
  • the evacuation means is capable of grasping and holding stationary the excess above the packaging during cutting and of transferring this excess to a waste zone, or else sliding the excess onto a tray above the reduced packaging during cutting, or alternatively to divide the excess into excess parts which are deflected or blown during cutting.
  • the discharge means can comprise a second cutting means for cutting said excess packaging into at least two excess parts, and means for diverting or blowing said excess parts towards waste zones .
  • the device comprises means for moving the package to be cut relative to the cutting means during cutting of the package.
  • a means for moving can be a packaging conveyor and / or actuators, such as cylinders for moving the packaging or cutting means.
  • the packaging 1 to which reference will be made by way of example to describe the packaging process and cutting devices according to the invention, is conventionally in the form of a parallelepiped, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the packaging 1 comprises a bottom 10 for supporting a load CH, as well as erected substantially perpendicular to the bottom, two large longitudinal sides 11 and 12 and two smaller transverse sides 13 and 14. Initially the packaging is open, that is to say its upper side 15 constitutes an opening situated at the initial height HI of the package above the bottom.
  • the packaging can have large dimensions to form a shipping container, for example in corrugated cardboard with double or triple groove.
  • All of these packages may or may not have shrink sheets to wrap the load in a known manner.
  • the CH charge is made up of one or more heterogeneous products, or sometimes homogeneous, arranged or in bulk.
  • three boxes CH1, CH2 and CH3 resting on the bottom 10 and making up the load CH are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the height of the highest box CH1 is that HCH of the load which is lower, or very rarely almost equal to the height HI of packaging 1.
  • each "order” is a list of products, such as books, boxes of medicine or cosmetics, or hardware items, previously selected, to be loaded in an open package.
  • the packages 1 successively passing through the packaging line and particularly a cutting device according to the invention are packages having different sizes.
  • the initial height HI as well as the widths l and lengths L of the packaging are included in respective intervals [H min , H max ], [l min , l max ] and [L min , L max ].
  • the respective minimum and maximum lengths of the strokes of movable cutting means are determined according to the height and, where appropriate, according to one and / or the other of the other dimensions in the cutting devices according to l 'invention. It should be noted that for a cylindrical package with a circular bottom, the dimensions l and L are replaced by the diameter of the bottom, and "the" walls 11 to 14 by "a" cylindrical wall.
  • the packages are presented at the entry of the stations of the chain with their longitudinal sides 11 and 12 parallel to a direction of transport TR, that is to say a direction mobility of the packaging relative to a cutting means, and the short sides 13 and 14 upstream and downstream.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented along a packaging conveyor defining the direction of transport TR, between a volume setting station MV from which empty 1V packages such as that shown in FIG. 1 emerge successively, and a closing station where the loaded packages are closed.
  • the volume or shaping station is of the type described in FR-B-2 558 792 when the packaging 1 comes from a flat cardboard blank whose central part constitutes the bottom 10 of the packaging and the peripheral parts, the four sides 11 to 14 of the packaging, two of these sides being able to have a height different from that of the other two sides to constitute a tray, or of the type described in FR-B-2 604 654 when the packaging includes the sleeve and the bottom of a double-lid box.
  • the volume setting station MV preferably follows a PC loading station where a batch of products CH1, CH2 and CH3 constituting the charge CH is placed on the bottom 10 in the 1V package either manually or automatically to form a loaded package 1C .
  • the package 1C then enters a reduction station RH according to the invention where the initial height HI of the package 1C is reduced to a height HR substantially equal to the height HCH of the charge CH determined beforehand, that is to say - say at a height HR equal or somewhat higher by a few tens of millimeters or a few millimeters than the height HCH.
  • the height HR can be somewhat lower than the height HCH in order to more effectively maintain the load on the bottom 10 when closing the container.
  • reduced packaging The reduction of the packaging consists in cutting the packaging to the RH height and evacuating a surplus EX packaging. The excess EX, which has a height HI-HR, is located above the cut sides and the load CH after the cut, and is discharged to a waste zone. Finally, at the outlet of the RH reduction station, the cut and loaded packaging 1R in which the load CH is at least partially flush with the highest product CH3 the upper opening 15R of the packaging thus brought closer to the bottom 10, is closed. As shown in FIG.
  • the closure for obtaining a closed package 1F is preferably carried out by applying a cover CO above the opening 15R and by fixing it to the package 1R.
  • the fixing is for example carried out by gluing or stapling two, three or four flaps RA of the cover CO against the external faces of corresponding sides 11 to 14 of the packaging 1R, just below the level of the opening 15R.
  • a FE closing station for forming and placing a flap cover on a package is for example described in FR-B-2 558 792 ( Figures 13 and 14) or FR-B-2 604 654 ( Figures 8 and 9) .
  • the products constituting the load can be assembled beforehand in order to determine its height HC. Then the height HI of the empty package 1V is reduced substantially to the height HC. Before closing the packaging, the empty packaging at reduced height is filled with the load CH, as indicated by the arrow in dotted lines between the RH and FE stations in Figure 2.
  • the 1V empty packaging may include two sheets of heat-shrinkable film, the first edges of which are fixed, preferably by gluing, to the inner face of the bottom and / or to the bottom edges of the inner faces of two sides. opposite 11 and 12, or 13 and 14 (FR-B-2 558 792, and FR-B-2 426 620), or when the packaging includes a sleeve on the lower edges of the external faces of two opposite sides of the sleeve ( EP-B-0 225 208 and EP-B-0 236 173).
  • the loaded packaging passes through a heat-sealing and heat-shrinking station of the type described in FR-B-2 558 792 where second edges of the sheets folded over the CH load are heat sealed and heat shrunk against the load in the package.
  • the reduced packaging 1R can be wrapped by a plastic film which passes over the opening 15R and the external faces of two parallel sides and possibly the bottom, and possibly which is heat-sealed against said faces. external and heat shrunk against the packaging.
  • the wrapping by film is replaced by a strapping by parallel and / or crossed metal or plastic strips passing through the opening 15R.
  • a cutting device 2 is located downstream of a spacer means on a packaging conveyor 20, such as a roller, pallet or belt conveyor.
  • the spacer means can be a movable transverse separation plate 21 which is pushed by a transverse cylinder 210 on the conveyor 20 after the passage of a package 1 to stop the next package during the cutting of the package 1 and which frees the surface of the conveyor after the cut of the package 1.
  • the means spacer may also be a differential speed conveyor, as shown in ESP in Figures 11 and 12.
  • Two transverse jacks 221 and 222 are located respectively, one 221 at the rear of the device and on one of the sides of the conveyor 20, for example the left side in the direction of transport TR of the latter, and the another 222 at the front of the device and on the right side of the conveyor.
  • the cylinders 221 and 222 respectively move two brackets 223-224 and 225-226, preferably provided with contact probes.
  • the brackets have facing corners and short sides 223 and 225 perpendicular to the direction of transport TR and long sides 224 and 226 parallel to the direction of transport TR.
  • the downstream bracket 225-226 is pushed by the jack 222 to a reference position when the package 1 enters the cutting device 2 so that the front side 14 of the package 1 abuts against the short side of bracket 225 and thus stops the packaging 1 in the cutting device 2.
  • the distance between the short angles 223 and 225 is equal to the maximum length L max so as to possibly stop a light packaging downstream not pressed sufficiently between the longitudinal angle sides 224 and 226 during the subsequent cutting of one or both longitudinal sides 11 and 12 of the stopped packaging.
  • a longitudinal cylinder (not shown) pushes the cylinder 221 downstream with the bracket 223-224 up to the tightening of the short sides of the packaging 13 and 14 between the short sides of the angle 223 and 225.
  • the rear cylinder 221 then pushes the rear square 223-224 so that its large side 224 pushes the packaging 1 laterally against the large square 226.
  • a photoelectric cell CP2 placed substantially upstream of the side of the angle 225 or any other means of detecting the presence of the packaging in stop, such as a pressure sensor on the bracket 225 triggers a measuring means for measuring the height HCH of the load CH contained in the stopped packaging 1 relative to the bottom 10 of the packaging.
  • the load height measuring means is a three-dimensional digital imaging system comprising a high definition camcorder CA2, which is preferably rotatably mounted above the conveyor 20 so that the field of the camcorder scans the stop zone of a package loaded 1 in the cutting device 2.
  • the camcorder CA2 is connected to an image processing processor in a digital control unit UC2 so as to determine, as a function of the images supplied by the camcorder, the maximum height of the CH load.
  • vision measurement systems can be used: a combination of a slide projector and a CCD camera (Charge Coupled Device) directed towards the packaging by means of which very fine moire fringes are projected. on the top of the load to measure the different heights of the upper surface of the load and represent a three-dimensional map of the packaging with his load; or a stereovision system in which two or more cameras directed towards the loaded package have their images compared in order to determine the “altitude” of the superior products making up the load and to deduce therefrom the height HCH of the load, or any other dimension l , L packaging, by triangulation techniques; or even a 2D camera coupled to an ultrasonic sensor.
  • CCD camera Charge Coupled Device
  • the measurement is based on the analysis of the flatness ruptures of the upper surface of the load by means of laser interference.
  • a laser source is oriented towards a rotating mirror so that, thanks to determined orientations of the laser beam received in photoelectric cells, flatness breaks are identified.
  • a layer of laser sources is oriented towards the charge so as to project one or two laser planes and mark on the image the surface discontinuities of the charge in order to deduce therefrom the height HCH.
  • the digital control unit UC2 of the cutting device controls in particular all the displacement means, such as jacks, mainly for positioning cutting means.
  • the camcorder with the image processing processor is replaced by several feelers arranged on a movable frame penetrating the loaded package 1 through the opening 15 so as to detect the most top product.
  • the control unit UC2 then delivers the measured height HCH of the load, and more precisely a reduced packing height HR as a function of HCH, to four vertical cylinders 241 to 244, the rod ends of which support cylinders respectively. 251 to 254 horizontal.
  • the ends of the rods of the four horizontal cylinders 251 to 254 carry knife blades 261 to 264 oriented respectively towards the vertical faces of the stopped package 1.
  • Each knife blade 261 to 264 is fixed directly to the end of the cylinder rod 251 to 254 or by means of a reciprocating motor, as for a jigsaw.
  • the parallel pairs of jacks 241-251 and 242-252 intended to cut the longitudinal sides 11 and 12 are located respectively upstream and to the left and downstream and to the right.
  • the two parallel pairs of jacks 243-253 and 244-254 intended to cut the small transverse sides 13 and 14 are respectively located upstream and to the right and downstream and to the left.
  • the horizontal cylinders 251 to 254 are respectively arranged in vertical planes which are parallel to the sides 11 to 14 of the package and at distances from these sides such that the knife blades 261 to 264 have lengths sufficient to pass through said sides 11 to 14 of any package stopped at the reference position, whatever the length L and the width l of this package.
  • the blades 261 and 263 suitable for cutting the longitudinal side 11 and the rear transverse side 13 opposite the reference position defined by the downstream bracket 225-226 have lengths at least greater than l max - l min and L max - L min .
  • the cutting device 2 also comprises a means for evacuating excess packaging 27 comprising a motorized excess gripping means.
  • the gripping means is a motorized gripper 270 whose jaws extend longitudinally to the conveyor 20.
  • the gripper 270 can be replaced by lateral suction cups 85 as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, or by a gripper with two membranes expandable under the action of compressed air enclosing one side of the excess.
  • the clamp 270 is suspended from the lower end of a vertical cylinder 271 itself suspended from a horizontal lateral transfer device 272, such as a motorized endless chain.
  • the length of the clamp 270 is less than the shortest length L min of the packages, and in top view, the clamp extends upstream almost from the small reference side 225 of the downstream bracket.
  • the control unit UC2 actuates the discharge means 27 so that the jack 271 lowers the clamp 270 with jaws spaced above the edge of one 11 on the four sides of the packaging, then the jaws of the clamp 270 come together and thus pinch the upper edge of the side 11. Under these conditions, the excess packaging EX to be cut and removed is kept stationary during the step of next cut, and cannot fall or get caught in the packaging.
  • the four vertical cylinders 241-244 are then actuated by the control unit UC2 so that the knife blades 261 to 264 are positioned substantially at the height HCH of the load above the surface of the conveyor 20, that is to say ie at the reduced height HR.
  • the four horizontal cylinders 252 to 254 are then moved back and forth so that during their travel go the knife blades 261 to 264 simultaneously slice the sides 11 to 14 of the packaging just above the load CH.
  • the control unit UC simultaneously activates the cylinder 271 so that the excess packaging EX separated from the the package and taken by the clamp 270 rises above the reduced package, and the lateral transfer device 272 so that the excess EX is completely released from the top of the package and transferred to a waste zone.
  • the jaws of the gripper 270 are moved apart to drop the EX surplus in the waste zone, for example consisting of a waste bin or a surplus conveyor or a shredder, as indicated by the arrow BD.
  • the lateral transfer device repositions the gripper 270 substantially above the left edge of the conveyor 20.
  • the two transverse jacks 221 and 222 remove the brackets 223-224 and 225-226 so that the packaging 1 having a height reduced HR to the height HCH of the load is transported towards the outlet of the cutting device 2.
  • at least the vertical cylinders 241 and 242 slightly raise the blades 261 and 262 above the longitudinal edges of the opening 15R of the package reduced, almost simultaneously with the elevation of the clamp 270 clamping the excess EX.
  • the second cutting device 3 according to the invention shown in Figures 4 and 5 is based, like the other cutting devices 4, 5 and 6-7 shown in Figures 6, 9 to 14, on a continuous cutting of a package on a conveyor, without requiring the packaging to be stopped to make the cutting and the longitudinal and / or transverse movement of the cutting means, in order to increase the throughput of the packaging line and reduce the cost of the cutting device.
  • the cutting devices 3 to 6-7 each include a digital control unit UC3 to UC67 connected to a camcorder CA3 to CA67 and a photoelectric cell CP3 to CP67 having roles analogous to the predefined elements UC2, CA2 and CP2.
  • the photoelectric cell detects the entry on the downstream side of a loaded package to be cut downstream of the cutting means so that the latter are positioned in particular as a function of the desired height HR.
  • the camcorder is suspended above the conveyor and also downstream of the cutting means so that the field of the camcorder completely embraces the opening of any incoming packaging, without being hidden by the cutting means and other suspended means.
  • the cutting device 3 comprises a conveyor 30 which includes retractable transverse cleats 301.
  • Each blocking cleat comprises two square lateral arms 302 which are extensible against return springs, so as to frame the rear of '' a package 1 substantially above the transport surface of the conveyor 30.
  • Such a wedge-stopper 301 maintains the packaging 1 at a predetermined position on the conveyor 30, typically so that the central longitudinal symmetry planes XX of the conveyor 30 and packages 1 are confused.
  • the transverse body of the wedge-stopper acts, like the short square side 223 in the cutting device 2, against the stop when the package 1 will undergo a thrust contrary to its direction of transport TR during cutting. .
  • the cutting means for separating excess packaging EX from the packaging part 1R containing the load is in the form of an endless horizontal saw 31 extending transversely to the conveyor 30 au- above it.
  • Driven and driven gear wheels 311 and 312 driving the saw 31 have vertical axes of rotation situated completely away from the conveyor 30 so that any package having a width l at most equal to that of the conveyor 30 is cut.
  • a drive motor 313 of the driving wheel 312 is suspended under a transverse beam 314 on which the shaft of the driven wheel 311 is mounted to rotate.
  • the ends of the transverse beam 314 are slidably mounted on two vertical columns 315 arranged on either side of the conveyor 30.
  • One of the ends of the beam is connected to an elevator 316, for example of the toothed chain type, for positioning the saw 31 at the height HR.
  • a motor 321 of a vertical circular saw 32 extending in the longitudinal plane central XX of the conveyor 30.
  • the saw 32 is substantially tangent to the cutting plane of the horizontal saw 31, or even less than this plane, so as to cut the excess cardboard EX into two symmetrical half-surpluses EX1 and EX2, like this will be explained later.
  • the axis 322 of the circular saw 32 is preferably located in the vertical plane containing the two axes of the drive wheels 311 and 312 of the saw 31 in order to reduce the spacing between cleats, and more precisely between packages at cut, and thus increase the flow rate of the cutting device 3.
  • Two vertical deflectors 33 symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal plane XX of the conveyor 30 are provided for deflecting half excess packaging EX1 and EX2 cut.
  • the deflectors 33 form, in top view, an arrow whose tip 331 is situated substantially vertically from the center of the circular saw 32 and whose ends 332 diverge towards the front and towards the longitudinal sides of the conveyor 30 in the direction transport package TR.
  • the packaging is detected by the cell CP3 and the digital control unit UC3 triggers the elevator 316 so that the endless saw 32 is substantially at the height HCH of the load CH contained in the package 1, that is to say at the reduced height HR determined as above thanks to the camcorder CA3.
  • the saw 31 first cuts the front side 14 then the longitudinal sides 11 and 12 and finally the rear side 13.
  • the saw 32 prints a central vertical saw line in the upper part of the front side 14 then another vertical line in the upper part of the rear side 13.
  • the excess EX is gradually divided by the deflectors 33 into two half-surpluses EX1 and EX2, the front vertical edges of which result from the cutting of the front side 14 by the saw 32 sliding against the divergent concave surfaces of the deflectors 33.
  • the circular saw 32 has vertically sawed the upper part of the rear side 13
  • the excess cardboard EX is definitively divided into two half-surpluses EX1 and EX2 which by gravity fall into waste bins BD1 and BD2 arranged laterally to the conveyor 30.
  • the movement of the saw 31 is alternating so that the trepidation generated by this movement contr ibue to the disposal of half surplus.
  • the cutting device 4 shown in FIG. 6 is a variant of the endless saw cutting device 3 described above.
  • the cutting device 4 instead of a horizontal saw 31, the cutting device 4 comprises an endless saw 41 rotating in a vertical plane transverse to the conveyor 30 and driven by two driving toothed wheels 412 and driven 411 having parallel horizontal axes to the direction of transport TR.
  • the saw 41 retains a horizontal blade above the conveyor 30 so that the lower rectilinear strand 413 of the saw 41 properly attacks the sides of the package, like the upstream strand 318 of the endless saw 31.
  • the space between the strands 413 and 414 of the saw 41 is chosen at least substantially equal to the maximum height H max of the packages so that the lower strand 413 can cut all the packages on the conveyor 30
  • the wheels 411 and 412 are suspended in the device 4 by a structure similar to the gantry formed by the transverse beam 314 slidable vertically, the column-slides 315 and the elevator 316.
  • the deflectors 33 and the central circular saw 32 provided in particular in the cutting devices 3 and 4 can be replaced by other means for removing excess.
  • the excess cardboard EX is only cut by the saw 31, 41 in the form of a small rectangular sleeve.
  • a tipping plate 35 is arranged for upstream part 351 between the two strands 318 and 319 of the horizontal endless saw 31 and for downstream part 352 downstream of this saw in the cutting device 3 according to FIG. 7, or only downstream of the lower strand 413 of the endless saw 41 in the cutting device 4.
  • the two parts or the single part of the tipping plate 35 are rectangular and extend substantially over the entire width of the conveyor 30 and over a length substantially equal to the maximum length L max of the packages.
  • One of the longitudinal sides of the tipping plate 35 is mounted to pivot horizontally.
  • a hinge 353 with a horizontal axis suspended under the transverse beam 314 is fixed along a longitudinal side of the tilting plate, and means for vertically moving the tilting plate 35 horizontal position to a substantially inclined position by a predetermined angle A is connected to the other longitudinal side of the tilting platform.
  • This plate displacement means can be a jack 354 whose body is mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis fixed to the transverse beam 314 and whose rod is linked to rotation to said other longitudinal side of the tilting plate 35.
  • the tipping plate 35 is kept horizontal and coplanar with the two strands 318 and 319 of the saw 31 or the lower strand 413 of the saw 41 throughout the cutting of the packaging so that the tipping plate is inserted between the 'reduced packaging 1R which is transported by the conveyor 30 and which passes under the tipping tray, and the excess EX which slides on the tipping tray.
  • the jack 354 is actuated upwards so that the tipping tray is inclined at an angle A and the excess cardboard EX slides by gravity towards the hinge 351 to fall into a waste container BD disposed laterally to the conveyor 30, substantially under the hinge 351.
  • the tilting plate 35 is replaced by a plate 36 which is stationary relative to the saw 31 or 41.
  • the plate 36 is composed of 'an upstream rectangular part 361 held between the two strands 318 and 319 of the saw 31 and another rectangular part 362 downstream of the downstream strand 319 of the saw 31, these two parts being interconnected and coplanar with the saw 31.
  • the plate 36 is composed of a single rectangular plate held downstream of the lower strand 413 of the saw 41 and coplanar therewith.
  • the plate 36 is fixedly suspended from the transverse beam 314, and is associated with a pusher 363.
  • this pusher 363 has the shape of a square whose long side and short side are respectively longitudinal and transverse to the conveyor 30 and may have lengths substantially of the order of the maximum length L max and the maximum width l max of the packages.
  • the corner of the push bracket 363 is linked to the rod of a jack 364 whose body is disposed substantially at 45 ° relative to the axis XX of the conveyor 30 and which is suspended from the transverse beam 314. After sawing of the packaging, the jack 364 is actuated back and forth so that the pusher 363 discharges the excess EX towards the other longitudinal side of the conveyor 30 in a waste container BD, avoiding the drive wheel 312 , 412 from saw 3, 4.
  • a cutting device 5 comprises two thin horizontal circular saws 511 and 512 symmetrical with respect to the axis XX of the conveyor 50, in place of the endless saw 31, 41 in the cutting device 3, 4.
  • One 512 of the circular saws has its vertical rotation shaft driven by a motor 513 suspended from a horizontal bracket 514 mounted to slide vertically along a column 515.
  • the vertical shaft of the other circular saw 511 is rotated by the motor 513 through a bevel gear train 517.
  • the shaft of the circular saw 511 is also rotatably mounted under a bracket 514 slidably mounted along another column 515 symmetrical to the first bracket and column assembly 514-515 with respect to the central longitudinal plane XX of the packaging conveyor 50.
  • the two brackets 514 are simultaneously raised and lowered along columns 515, from in a similar way to the transverse beam 314 in the cutting device 3, by means of two vertical lifting cylinders 516. These lifting cylinders position the elements 511, 512, 52 and 53 at the desired height HR of each package to be reduced under the control of the UC5 unit, in response to the detection of this packaging by the CP5 cell.
  • a horizontal intermediate shaft 518 perpendicular to the shafts of the two saws 511 and 512.
  • a vertical circular saw 52 having a function similar to the saw 32 in the cutting device 3.
  • the vertical circular saw 52 is flush with the cutting plane of the horizontal saws 511 and 512.
  • the diameter DS of the horizontal saws 511 and 512 is at least as large as the maximum width l max of the packages and, in practice, at least as large as the width of the conveyor 50.
  • the horizontal circular saws 511-512 overlap by a few millimeters and one 511 is flush with the top of the other 512 so as to completely cut the full width packaging.
  • the vertical circular saw 52 is flush with the horizontal upper saw 511 so as to cut excess packaging EX in the form of a sleeve in half. surpluses EX1 and EX2 symmetrical with respect to the plane XX.
  • the shaft 518 of the vertical saw 52 is arranged upstream or downstream of the transverse alignment of the rotation shafts of the horizontal saws so that the vertical saw 52 is flush with the cutting plane common between the saws 511 and 512, or substantially a plane lower than this common cutting plane so that the excess packaging EX is cut clearly into two half-surpluses EX1 and EX2.
  • the cutting device 5 also comprises two vertical deflectors 53 which extend on either side of the vertical saw 52, that is to say on either side of the vertical plane of symmetry XX of the conveyor 50, and starting substantially from the common horizontal plane of sawing of circular saws 511 and 512.
  • the deflectors 53 are arranged at the downstream periphery of saws 511 and 512, or substantially above these towards the centers of the saws, and form the arms of a hug.
  • the point 531 of the brace is crossed by the vertical saw 52 and situated substantially in front of the downstream peripheral crossing of the saws 511 and 512.
  • the lateral ends 532 of the deflectors 53 extend beyond the longitudinal edges of the conveyor 50.
  • the half -excess of packaging EX1 and EX2 shared by the saw 52 are separated by the brace tip 531, slide along the deflectors and tilt by gravity towards waste bins BD1 and BD2 arranged laterally to the conveyor 50, under the ends 532 deflectors.
  • the horizontal circular saws 511 and 512 rotate in opposite directions so that their rotation above the surface of the conveyor 50 is directed downstream, as indicated by the arrows R1 and R2 in FIG. 9, so that the half excess cardboard EX1 and EX2 are driven towards the ends of the deflector 532 and the longitudinal sides of the conveyor 50 respectively.
  • the deflectors 53 and the vertical circular saw 52 are replaced by a plate 55 indicated in short broken lines in FIG. 9.
  • the plate 55 is arranged downstream from the horizontal circular saws 511 and 512 and offers an upstream edge having a brace-shaped profile like the deflectors 53 so as to extend the saws 511 and 512 horizontally.
  • the plate 55 is a tilting plate, similar to the tilting plate 35 shown in FIG. 7 so pouring excess cardboard EX delivered by circular saws 511 and 512 towards a waste bin lateral to the plate 55.
  • the plate 55 is kept stationary and horizontal with respect to the cutting plane of the saws 511 and 512 and is associated with an excess thrust means similar to the pusher 363 and jack 364 shown in FIG. 8.
  • the evacuation elements 27, 33, 35 and 36 are replaced or combined with lateral blowing means or nozzles which evacuate by excess air pressure EX or the semi-surpluses EX1 and EX2, laterally to the conveyor, as soon as they are released from the reduced packaging.
  • Figures 11 and 12 show a cutting system 6-7 having a high throughput thanks to the separation of the cuts from the longitudinal sides and the transverse sides of a package in two cutting devices 6 and 7.
  • the first cutting device section 6 is crossed by a conveyor 60 which follows, for example, a spacing conveyor ESP having a differential speed ESP relative to an upstream conveyor TA of the packaging line.
  • the ESP conveyor space the packages 1 at a predetermined distance allowing in the cutting devices 6 and 7, prior to cutting, the automatic positioning in particular of cutting means and of excess discharge means according to the dimensions, in particular height , of each of the packages under the order of the UC67 unit.
  • the second cutting device 7 is also crossed by a conveyor 70 which is wider than the conveyor 60 since it receives packages with longitudinal sides 11 and 12 perpendicular to the direction of transport TR by means of a pivoting means at 90 °. disposed between carriers 60 and 70.
  • the pivoting means is in the form of a conveyor 9 on one of the sides of which a stopper 91 is provided substantially in the extension of a rod 92 which inclines along the corresponding side of the conveyor 60 and is located opposite of a deflection plate 93.
  • the plate 93 is biased towards the center of the conveyor 60 and is pivotable at the end of the other longitudinal side of the conveyor 60.
  • a package 1 whose longitudinal sides 11 and 12 have been cut substantially at the loading height HCH in the cutting device 6 is deflected against the rod 92 by the plate 93 so that the vertical front corner of the packaging between the sides 11 and 14, opposite the stop 91, is stopped by the stop 91 so that the packaging pivots about 90 ° on the conveyor 9 and the small vertical sides 13 and 14 of the packaging are parallel to the transport direction TR at the input of the second cutting device 7.
  • the pivoting means is produced by a 90 ° rotating transport table controlled by the UC67 unit, or by a 90 ° transport direction change elbow.
  • the second cutting device 7 has an arrangement of parts substantially similar to the cutting device 5.
  • the cutting device 7 comprises two horizontal circular saws 711 and 712, a central circular saw 72 rotating in the vertical plane of symmetry XX of the conveyor 70, and two deflectors 73 symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry XX.
  • the aforementioned parts 711, 712 and 72 are rotated by individual motors 721 and 71M and are suspended from a support structure, not shown.
  • the supporting structure can be analogous to the gantry 314-315-316 shown in Figures 4 and 5, or to the brackets 514-515-516 shown in Figures 9 and 10.
  • the elevator of the supporting structure is controlled by the unit UC67 as a function of the HCH load height for each package analyzed by the CA67 camcorder located upstream of the inlet of the cutting device 6 ( Figure 11).
  • the circular saws 711 and 712 are arranged in the same horizontal plane and laterally to the conveyor 70, these have a much smaller diameter than the circular saws 511 and 512.
  • the rotation shafts of the saws 711 and 712 are suspended from said support structure by means of pairs of horizontal jacks 713 and 714 orthogonal to the transport direction TR and controlled by the UC67 unit.
  • the two jacks in each pair 713, 714 are arranged on either side of the vertical alignment plane of the shafts of the saws 711 and 712.
  • the pairs of jacks 713 and 714 have rods arranged opposite, the ends of which support the ends of movable longitudinal "endless” alignment jaws 715 and 716.
  • the jaws are small motorized vertical “conveyors” with belt or rollers 715, 716 rotating in opposite directions so that the facing faces of the jaws move in the direction of transport TR.
  • the jaws are arranged between the transport surface of the packaging conveyor 70 and the common horizontal cutting plane of the saws 711 and 712.
  • the alignment jaws 715 and 716 are brought closer or apart by the jacks 713 and 714 at a distance substantially equal to the length L of the incoming package to be cut.
  • the upstream ends of the jaws 715 and 716 of the jaws are provided with guides 717 and 718 converging downstream to correct, if necessary, the alignment of the pivoted packages relative to the axis XX.
  • the length L as well as the width l of the packaging bottom useful for the device 6 are signaled to the control unit UC67 at the input of the system 6-7 either by electronic reading of coded words, for example in bar code, registered at a predetermined location on a vertical side of the package, either by known measurement by feelers or photoelectric cells of the dimensions of the package.
  • the dimensions l and L are preferably determined by the processor connected to the CA67 camcorder.
  • one of the pairs of jacks 713 and 714 is eliminated, and the other pair of jacks brings the corresponding jaw closer or apart from the other stationary jaw.
  • the jaws 715 and 716 frame each package at the same speed as the conveyor 70 so as to maintain the small transverse plane of symmetry of the package to be cut coincident with the vertical plane of symmetry XX of the conveyor 70, and therefore with the plane of section of the vertical central saw 72.
  • the conveyor 70 as well as the conveyor 60 and all the other conveyors in the system 6-7 preferably do not include cleats 301 or 501 shown in FIGS. 4 and 9.
  • the circular saws 711 and 712 preferably rotate in opposite directions R1 and R2 like the saws 511 and 512, and have facing peripheries which project substantially between the faces of the movable jaws 715 and 716, towards the transport surface of the conveyor 70, so that the saws 711 and 712 scia at least the thickness of the short sides 13 and 14 of each package.
  • the first cutting device 6 in the cutting system 6-7 is in all points analogous to the second cutting device 7 and does not include any means for removing excess packaging such as that the vertical circular saw assembly 72 and deflectors 73.
  • the first cutting device 6 comprises two horizontal circular saws 611 and 612, and two pairs of lateral jacks 613 and 614 for moving vertical movable jaws 615 and 616 and the circular saws 711 and 712 at a distance corresponding to the width l of each package to be cut.
  • the means for evacuating excess packaging in the cutting device 7 is composed in particular of two deflectors 73 whose shape makes it possible to evacuate two half-surpluses EX1 and EX2 separated by the saw. vertical circular 72.
  • the horizontal circular saws 611 and 612 in the cutting device 6 first cut the longitudinal sides 11 and 12 of a package 1 substantially at the loading height HCH, as indicated in TS in the figure 14; then, after vertical pivoting on the conveyor 9, this partially cut package 1 has its small transverse sides 13 and 14 which are cut by circular saws 711 and 712 in the second cutting device 7, also located substantially at the loading height HCH , simultaneously with the central vertical sawing of the long sides of the excess cardboard EX of the packaging to be reduced 1.
  • Each deflector 73 comprises two inclined planes 731 and 732 which forms, with the horizontal sawing plane common to the saws 711 and 712, the sides of a trihedron similar to that at the level of a pyramid edge.
  • the deflector portion 731 is inclined upwardly downward by about ten degrees relative to the horizontal plane and is arranged substantially facing upstream of the conveyor 70, downstream of the alignment of the axes of rotation of the saws 711 and 712.
  • the other parts of the deflector 732 are also inclined by about ten degrees relative to the horizontal plane and diverge towards the longitudinal sides of the conveyor 70, directly above the waste bins BD1 and BD2 under the conveyor 70.
  • each of the deflectors 73 comprises a thin horizontal upstream flat part 733 under which the reduced packages pass and which extends the transverse lower edge of the first inclined part 731.
  • the upstream edge of the flat part 733 is substantially aligned with the axes of rotation of the saws 711 and 712.
  • the upstream edge of the flat part 733 can be set back substantially downstream from the transverse section line of the saws 711 and 712 in the lateral sides 14 and 13, so that half excess packaging EX1 and EX2 slide on the horizontal deflector parts 733 as soon as the saws 711 and 712 attack the vertical edges downstream of the package to be cut 1 framing the saw cut TS previously ent executed in the front longitudinal side 12 of the packaging by the corresponding circular saw 612 in the first cutting device 6.
  • the means for evacuating excess packaging may comprise, in place of all the parts 72 and 73, a tilting plate such as that shown in FIG. 7 or by a plate horizontal and a push cylinder such as those 36 and 363-364 shown in Figure 8; in this case, the plate in the horizontal position is coplanar with the saws 711 and 712 and at its upstream edge positioned in a manner analogous to the downstream edges of the horizontal thin parts 733 of the deflectors 73.
  • Cutting means 261 to 264, 31, 41, 511-512-52, 611-612, and 711-712-72 are mechanical means which can be combined with one another or which can be replaced by other cutting means known, and have been described by way of nonlimiting example within the scope of the subject of the invention defined below.
  • the knives 261-262 and 263-264 can be replaced by small horizontal circular saws similar to the four saws 611-612 and 711-712 fixed to the ends of the jacks 251 to 254, or to the two saws 511 and 512 fixed to the ends of two parallel cylinders 251 and 252, or 253 and 254, only used and able to act in the same direction.
  • a cutting means instead of being mechanical, can be a thermal cutting means constituted by a laser head; for example, four laser heads can be provided arranged, like the knife blades 261 to 264, in a horizontal plane substantially at the loading height HCH to separate the excess packaging EX from the packaging to be reduced and, if necessary , a vertical laser head movable in a vertical plane to separate the excess packaging EX into half surplus EX1 and EX2.
  • the laser heads are replaced by flame or plasma cutting torches.
  • the laser heads can be replaced by water generators to perform cutting by fluid jet, such as water jet.
  • the positioning brackets 223-224 and 225-226 with the jacks 221 and 222 in FIG. 3 can be replaced by vertical jaws facing each other that are movable simultaneously or relative to each other such as 715 and 716, by adding two jacks to the ends of the rods of jacks 243 and 244 to translate the two lateral knife blade jacks 253 and 254 in the direction TR and at the same speed as that of the conveyor 20 and the jaws; in this case, the packaging is continuously cut during transport and the cylinders 251 and 252 are eliminated.
  • the cleats 301, 501 can be omitted, and movable jaws, such as 715 and 716, are then provided under the saw cutting means 31, 41, 511-512.
  • a means of evacuation with clamps or with suction cups can be provided. that that 27 shown in FIG. 3 and animated with a longitudinal back-and-forth movement to the conveyor in order to maintain a surplus EX above each package transported during the cutting thereof, without the excess falling or gets stuck in the packaging.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 show another cutting device 8 of which part of the cutting means as well as the load height measuring means can penetrate inside a package to be cut.
  • the packages to be cut by the device 8 are assumed to be identical standard packages, having predetermined dimensions.
  • the packaging 1 to be cut illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 is transported by a conveyor 80, for example comprising lateral guides distant from the width of the packaging and retractable central tabs, and is stopped in the cutting device 8 for example by means similar to those 223-224 and 225-226 shown in FIG. 3 or simply by temporarily stopping the transporter 80.
  • a conveyor 80 for example comprising lateral guides distant from the width of the packaging and retractable central tabs, and is stopped in the cutting device 8 for example by means similar to those 223-224 and 225-226 shown in FIG. 3 or simply by temporarily stopping the transporter 80.
  • the cutting device 8 comprises on the one hand, a rectangular die 81 substantially smaller than the internal section of the bottom 10 of the packaging, on the other hand outside the packaging four cutting blades 821 to 824.
  • the matrix is suspended from a gantry (not shown) by means of two vertical cylinders 810 preferably with blockers.
  • the cutting blades 821 to 824 extend in a horizontal plane parallel to the bottom 10 of the stopped packaging. Sharp edges of the blades, preferably of the shark-tooth type, are respectively arranged parallel and facing the external faces of the sides 11 to 14 of the stopped packaging, but also facing, through the sides of the packaging of four peripheral grooves 811 to 814 formed in the sides of the matrix 81 and communicating with each other at the four corners of the matrix.
  • Each blade 821 to 824 is mounted in a support which is translatable back and forth perpendicular to the corresponding side to be cut 11 to 14 thanks to two small end jacks 831 to 834 which are suspended from the gantry by means of two vertical jacks 841 to 844 used for positioning the cutting blade 821 to 824 in height.
  • the support of each cutting blade 821 to 824 is fixed to the ends of the rods of the small cylinders 831 to 834 by means of a small reciprocating motor to animate the blade with a small longitudinal displacement or alternating vibration or transverse to the blade.
  • the blades of one of the longitudinal and transverse pairs are substantially longer than the corresponding sides to be cut 11 and 12, while the blades of the other pair, such as the transverse blades 823 and 824 according to FIG. 15, are shorter than the corresponding sides to be cut 13 and 14 and substantially longer than the corresponding grooves 813 and 814 in the die 81. These length characteristics contribute to completely cutting the sides of the package 1, including at the vertical corners of the packaging.
  • the cutting device 8 also includes a measuring means for measuring the height of the load CH, in the form of a feeler plate 815, or of several rows of feelers, suspended under the die 81.
  • the sensors can be pneumatic sensors , inductive, capacitive or even laser probes or ultrasonic probes.
  • the device 8 illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 comprises two suction cups 85 at the ends of two horizontal jacks 86 situated perpendicular to one 11 longitudinal sides of the package to be cut.
  • the cylinders 86 are preferably suspended from a device (not shown) which rotates the seized surplus by 90 ° or 180 °, as indicated by the arrow 87, if necessary after a short ascent, so as to evacuate the excess towards a BD waste zone above which the excess seized by the suction cups is released.
  • the operation of the device 8 is as follows. After stopping a package to be cut on the conveyor 80 at a reference position, the jacks 841 to 844 and 810 simultaneously lower the cutting blades 821 to 824 and the die 81 until the feeler means 815 comes into operation. contact with the highest part CH1 of the load CH. The cutting blades 821 to 824 and the matrix grooves 811 to 814 are then positioned at the reduced height HR.
  • the digital control unit of the device 8 then orders the cutting of the packaging.
  • the cylinders 86 press the suction cups 85 against the upper part of the side 11.
  • the small cylinders 831 and 832 push the blades 821 to 822 towards each other so as to cut the longitudinal sides 11 and 12 by penetrating the grooves longitudinal 811 and 812 of the matrix as in a cutter.
  • the small cylinders 823 and 824 move the small transverse blades 823 and 824 back and forth so that they cut through the short sides 13 and 14 and enter the transverse grooves 813 and 814 of the die 81.
  • the packaging is completely cut at the level of these four vertical corners in a reduced 1R packaging and an EX surplus in the form of a rectangular sleeve.
  • the sides of the matrix can come into contact with the internal faces 11 to 14 of the packaging and exert a counter-thrust to against the blades 821 to 824 approaching during the cutting operation, which prevents any flexing of the excess or of the sides towards the inside of the packaging.
  • the cut begins with that of the short sides 13 and 14 and ends with that of the long sides 11 and 12.
  • the jacks 810, 843 and 844 raise the matrix 81 and the small transverse blades 823 and 824 so as to release the packaging in the direction of transport TR on the conveyor 80. Then, at the same time as the packaging is released on the conveyor 80, the jacks 86 remove the excess packaging EX thus obtained above the reduced packaging, and the medium 87 transfers this surplus to the BD waste zone.
  • the invention does not only relate to parallelepipedic packaging, in particular of cardboard.
  • An empty 1V package used by the invention can be made of any rigid or semi-rigid material identical or analogous to one of the following materials: compact cardboard, corrugated cardboard, for example simple, doubled or tripled ; rubber or other material coated with rubber; molded and / or machined plastic material, whether or not reinforced with glass or carbon fibers, partially or completely opaque, transparent or translucent, such as for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, polyester, expoxy resin, etc. ; metallic, for example sheet metal, aluminum, or a metal alloy; wood.
  • the elements, such as sides and bottom, of the packaging can be of the same material when it is fully recyclable, or of different materials.
  • the reader may refer to the various packaging models and to the various possible combinations of elements of these packaging models described and illustrated in the "International Code for Cardboard Boxes" established by FEFCO and ASSCO, December 1979, Paris; in the French standard “EMBALLAGES EN CARTON; VOCABULAIRE", H 13-OOO, June 1961, published by AFNOR, Paris La Défense; in the extract “EMBALLAGES DE TRANSPORT” in “TECHNIQUES DE L'ENGENIEUR”, pages A 1O22-1 / 15 and pages A 1O23-1 / 5, November 1984, Paris; as well as in various and numerous patent documents relating to packaging, in particular of cardboard or plastic, for example those described in patents cited in the preamble to this description. All the packaging described and / or illustrated in the aforementioned documents or resulting from various combinations of the elements of these packaging are considered to be contained in the present description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)

Claims (42)

  1. Herrichtungsverfahren zum Halten einer Fracht in einer offenen Verpackung (1) mit einem Boden (10), der vorgesehen ist, um die Fracht (CH) zu unterstützen, und Wänden (11 bis 14), die eine Höhe (HI) haben, die größer ist als jene (HCH) der Fracht, gekennzeichnet durch
    Messen der Höhe (HCH) der Fracht, um davon eine verringerte Höhe (HR) abzuleiten, die im wesentlichen gleich der gemessenen Höhe (HCH) der Fracht (CH) ist,
    Beschneiden (RH) der Wände in der verringerten Höhe (HR), Beseitigen eines oberhalb der beschnittenen Wände befindlichen Verpackungsüberschusses (EX), und
    Verschließen (FE) der beschnittenen Verpackung oberhalb der beschnittenen Wände und der in der Verpackung enthaltenen Fracht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das nach oder gleichzeitig mit dem Messen der Höhe (HCH) der Fracht, um davon die verringerte Höhe (HR) abzuleiten, das Positionieren einer Schneideinrichtung (261-264, 31, 41, 611-612, 711-712) im wesentlichen in der verringerten Höhe (HR) umfaßt, so daß die Wände (11 bis 14) durch die positionierte Schneideinrichtung beschnitten werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es vor dem Beschneiden (RH) der Wände das Messen wenigstens einer Ausdehnung (L, l, Durchmesser) der Verpackung umfaßt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, wenn die Verpackung (1) einen vieleckigen Boden hat, das Beschneiden so viele Einzelschnitte (261 bis 264) umfaßt, wie die Verpackung Wände hat, so daß die Wände (11 bis 14) einzeln und gleichzeitig beschnitten werden
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, wenn die Verpackung (1) einen gleichseitig vieleckigen Boden hat, das Beschneiden der Wände aufeinanderfolgende Einzelschnitte (6, 7) von jeweils zwei (11, 12; 13, 14) oder mehr Wänden gleichzeitig umfaßt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch ein Drehen (9) der Verpackung auf dem Boden (10) nach jedem Einzelschnitt um einen Winkel (90°) zwischen den durch den jeweiligen Einzelschnitt (6) beschnittenen und den durch den darauffolgenden Einzelschnitt (7) zu beschneidenden Wänden (11, 12; 13, 14).
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Beschneiden der Wände durch einen Einzelschnitt einer Vorderseite (14) der Verpackung (1) begonnen und durch einen Einzelschnitt einer der Vorderseite gegenüberliegenden Rückseite (13) der Verpackung beendet wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Beschneidens der Wände der Verpackungsüberschuß (EX) in wenigstens zwei Überschußabschnitte zerschnitten wird, vorzugsweise entlang einer oder parallel zu einer Symmetrieachse (XX) der Verpackung, und diese von der Oberseite der Verpackung entfernt oder fortgeblasen werden.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Beschneidens der Wände (11 bis 14) ein dem Überschuß (EX) entsprechender oberer Abschnitt der Verpackung (1) ergriffen wird und daß das Beseitigen den Transfer des mit dem Überschuß (EX) übereinstimmenden ergriffenen Abschnitts von der beschnittenen Verpackung (1R) zu einem Abfallbereich (BD) und das Freigeben des transferierten Überschusses im Abfallbereich umfaßt.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Laufe des Beschneidens der Überschuß (EX) auf eine Platte (35, 36) gleitet und nach dem Beschneiden durch Umklappen der Platte (35) beseitigt oder von der Platte (36) fortgeschoben oder -geblasen wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verschließen (FE) der Verpackung (1) das Anbringen eines Deckels (CO), einer Folie oder wenigstens eines Umfassungsbandes an einer Öffnung (15R) der oberhalb der Fracht (CH) in der verringerten Höhe (HR) abgeschnittenen Verpackung (1R) umfaßt.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Beschneiden (RH) der Wände die Fracht (CH) in der leeren Verpackung (1V) angeordnet und die Höhe (HCH) der Ladung gemessen wird, um davon die verringerte Höhe (HR) abzuleiten.
  13. Vorrichtung zum Beschneiden einer Verpackung (1) mit einem Boden (10), der vorgesehen ist, um die Fracht (CH) zu unterstützen, und Wänden (11 bis 14), die eine Höhe (HI) haben, die größer ist als jene (HCH) der Fracht, gekennzeichnet durch
    eine Meßeinrichtung (CA; 815) zum Messen der Höhe der Fracht,
    eine Schneideinrichtung (261-264; 31; 41; 611-612; 711-713; 821-824) zum Beschneiden der Wände (11 bis 14) der Verpackung in einer verringerten Höhe (HR),
    eine Beseitigungseinrichtung (27; 32, 33; 35; 36; 72, 73; 85, 86) eines oberhalb der beschnittenen Seite liegenden Verpackungsüberschusses (EX; EX1; EX2), und
    Einrichtungen (241-244; 314, 315, 316; 514, 515, 516; 831-834, 810) zum Positionieren der Schneideinrichtung (31; 511, 512; 821-824), vorzugsweise mit der Beseitigungseinrichtung (32, 33; 41, 35, 36; 72, 73; 85, 86), in der verringerten Höhe (HR), die im wesentlichen gleich der Höhe (HCH) der Fracht ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung so viele Einzelschneideinrichtungen (261 bis 264, 251 bis 254; 821-831 bis 824-834) umfaßt, wie die Verpackung (1) Wände (11 bis 14) hat.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung eine Säge (31; 41) umfaßt, die einen geradlinigen Abschnitt (318; 413) hat, der sich in einer parallel zum Boden (10) in der verringerten Höhe (HR) liegenden Ebene erstreckt.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Säge eine Bandsäge (31) ist, die sich in besagter zum Boden (10) paralleler Ebene erstreckt und an deren Enden Antriebseinrichtungen (311, 312) einen Abstand wenigstens gleich einer der Ausdehnungen des Bodens (L, l, Durchmesser) voneinander haben.
  17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Säge eine Bandsäge (41) ist, die sich in einer zum Boden (10) senkrechten Ebene erstreckt und zwei geradlinige Stränge (413, 414) hat, die voneinander einen Abstand wenigstens gleich der Höhe (HE) des Überschusses (EX) haben, wobei Antriebseinrichtungen (411, 412) der Bandsäge einen Abstand wenigstens gleich einer der Ausdehnungen des Bodens (L, l, Durchmesser) voneinander haben.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung zwei Kreissägen (511, 512; 611, 612; 711, 712) umfaßt, die im wesentlichen in der verringerten Höhe angeordnet sind und Drehwellen haben, deren Abstand voneinander wenigstens gleich einer der Ausdehnungen (L, l, Durchmesser) des Bodens (10) ist.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Kreissägen (511, 512) einen Durchmesser (D5) haben, der größer ist als besagte eine Ausdehnung (l, L, Durchmesser) des Bodens (10).
  20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Kreissägen (511, 512) im wesentlichen entlang einer Symmetrieachse (XX) des Bodens (10) der Verpackung (1) überlappende Umfänge haben.
  21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung zwei in einer Bewegungsrichtung (TR) der zu beschneidenden Verpackung (1) relativ zur Schneideinrichtung aufeinanderfolgende Paare von Kreissägen (611, 612; 711, 712) umfaßt, und daß die Drehwellen der zwei Sägen (611, 612) eines der Paare entsprechend der kleineren Ausdehnung (l) des Bodens, die Drehwellen der zwei Sägen (711, 712) des anderen Paares aber entsprechend der größeren Ausdehnung (L) des Bodens (10) beabstandet sind.
  22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sich gegenüberliegenden Umfangsbereiche der Sägen (611, 612; 711, 712) eines jeden Paars vorgesehen sind, um in die zu beschneidende Verpackung (1) auf einer Tiefe wenigstens gleich der Dicke der Wände der Verpackung einzudringen.
  23. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21 oder 25, daß sie eine zwischen den zwei Paaren von Sägen (611, 612; 711, 712) angeordnete Einrichtung (9) zum Schwenken der Verpackung mit zwei parallelen, durch eines der Paare von Sägen (611, 612) beschnittenen Wänden (11, 12) um einen Winkel (90°) gleich dem Winkel zwischen den zwei parallelen beschnittenen Wänden (11, 12) und den zwei anderen, durch das andere Paar von Sägen (711, 712) zu beschneidenden Wänden (13, 14) der Verpackung umfaßt.
  24. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung gegenüber den Außenseiten der Wände der Verpackung in der verringerten Höhe (HR) angeordnete bewegliche Schneidklingen (821 bis 824) und eine in die Verpackung oberhalb der Fracht einzuführende Matrize (81) umfaßt, vorzugsweise, um den Schneidklingen gegenüber positionierbare umlaufende Rillen, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen an den Wänden der Verpackung, darzubieten.
  25. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 25, bei der von zwei benachbarten Schneidklingen (821, 823) jeweils eine länger und eine kürzer als die entsprechende Rille (811, 813) der Matrize (81) ist.
  26. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 25 oder 26, die Fühlermittel (815) unter der Matrize (81) zum Messen der Höhe (HCH) der Fracht (CH) umfaßt.
  27. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinrichtung wenigstens einen thermischen Schneidkopf oder einen Fluidstrahlschneidkopf umfaßt.
  28. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beseitigungseinrichtung eine Einrichtung (270, 85) zum Greifen und Unbeweglichhalten eines dem Überschuß (EX) entsprechenden oberen Abschnitts der Verpackung oberhalb der verringerten Höhe (HR) während des Beschneidens der Wände (11 bis 14) der Verpackung sowie Einrichtungen (271, 272; 86, 87) für den Transfer des gegriffenen, abgeschnittenen Überschusses (EX) von oberhalb der beschnittenen Verpackung (1R) zu einem Abfallbereich (BD) umfaßt.
  29. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beseitigungseinrichtung umfaßt: eine Platte (35, 351, 352), die in einer Schneidebene parallel zum Boden (10) in der verringerten Höhe (HR) während des Schneidens angeordnet ist, um den Verpackungsüberschuß (EX) zunehmend zu unterstützen, und eine Einrichtung (353, 354) zum Umklappen der Platte, damit der Überschuß (EX) durch Schwerkraft zu einem Abfallbereich (BD) gleitet.
  30. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beseitigungseinrichtung umfaßt: eine Platte (36, 361, 362), die in einer Schneidebene parallel zum Boden (10) in der verringerten Höhe (HR) angeordnet ist und gegen die Schneideinrichtung unbeweglich ist, und eine Einrichtung zum Schieben des Verpackungsüberschusses (EX) von der Platte (36, 361, 362) zu einem Abfallbereich (BD).
  31. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beseitigungseinrichtung umfaßt: eine zweite Schneideinrichtung (32, 52, 72) zum Zerschneiden des Verpackungsüberschusses (EX) in wenigstens zwei Überschußteile (EX1, EX2) und eine Einrichtung (33, 53, 73) zum Entfernen oder Fortblasen der Überschußteile zu Abfallbereichen (BD1, BD2).
  32. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Schneideinrichtung eine Kreissäge (32, 52, 72) ist, die sich in einer zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden Wänden (11, 12; 13, 14) der Verpackung liegenden, zum Boden (10) senkrechten Ebene dreht und deren Umfang im wesentlichen durch eine zum Boden parallele, in der verringerten Höhe (HR) liegende Schneidebene verläuft.
  33. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 31 oder 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Entfernen zwei divergierende Ablenker (33, 53) in Form eines Pfeils oder einer geschweiften Klammer umfaßt, die oberhalb einer zum Boden (10) parallelen, in der verringerten Höhe (HR) liegenden Schneidebene angeordnet sind, wobei der Pfeil oder die geschweifte Klammer eine der zu beschneidenden Verpackung (1) zugewandte Spitze hat.
  34. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 31 oder 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Entfernen zwei divergierende Ablenker (73) umfaßt, von denen jeder zwei gegen eine zum Boden (10) parallele, in der verringerten Höhe (HR) liegende Schneidebene geneigte Bereiche (731, 732) hat, die mit der Schneidebene ein Trieder bilden, wobei einer der geneigten Bereiche (731) der zu beschneidenden Verpackung (1) zugewandt ist und die anderen geneigten Bereiche (732) der Ablenker in entgegengesetzte, zu einer Bewegungsrichtung (TR) der zu beschneidenden Verpackung (1) relativ zur Schneideinrichtung im wesentlichen senkrechte Richtungen geneigt sind.
  35. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Entfernen Blaseinrichtungen zum Schieben des Überschusses (EX) umfaßt.
  36. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Einrichtung (251 bis 254; 30; 50; 60, 615-616; 70, 715-716) zum Bewegen der zu beschneidenden Verpackung (1) relativ zur Schneideinrichtung (261 bis 264; 31; 41; 511-512; 611-612; 711-712) während des Beschneidens der Verpackung umfaßt.
  37. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Bewegen zwei Schieber (223-224), 225-226), Einrichtungen (221, 222) zum im wesentlichen gegenläufigen Bewegen der Schieber, um die Verpackung während des Beschneidens durch die Schneideinrichtung einzuklemmen, und Einrichtungen (251 bis 254) zum Bewegen der Schneideinrichtungen relativ zur eingeklemmten Verpackung während des Beschneidens umfaßt.
  38. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Bewegen eine Einrichtung (30, 301; 50, 501) zum Transportieren der Verpackung (1) in einer Transportrichtung (TR) durch die Schneideinrichtung (31; 51) hindurch und zum Halten der Verpackung parallel zur Transportrichtung während des Beschneidens umfaßt.
  39. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Bewegen eine Einrichtung (60; 70) zum Transportieren der Verpackung (1) in einer Transportrichtung (TR) durch die Schneideinrichtung (611-612; 711-712) hindurch und eine Einrichtung (615, 616; 715, 716) zum seitlichen Führen der Verpackung (1) parallel zur Transportrichtung (TR) umfaßt.
  40. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungseinrichtung zwei Backen (615, 616; 715, 716) mit einander parallel zur Transportrichtung ( TR) gegenüberliegenden, mit parallelen Wänden (11, 12; 13, 14) der Verpackung in Kontakt befindlichen Oberflächen umfaßt, die parallel zur Transportrichtung umlaufen.
  41. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Einrichtungen (613, 614; 713, 714) zum Bewegen wenigstens eines der Backen (615, 616; 715, 716) senkrecht zur Transportrichtung (TR) auf den anderen Backen zu umfaßt.
  42. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 41, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßeinrichtung von einer der Arten ist, die wenigstens eine Kamera (CA) und/oder eine Laserquelle und/oder einen Ultraschallaufnehmer und/oder eine oberhalb der Fracht bewegliche Fühlereinrichtung (815) umfassen.
EP94401939A 1993-09-29 1994-08-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anpassung der Höhe einer Verpackung an die Höhe ihres Inhalts und Schneidevorrichtung dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0645309B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9311606 1993-09-29
FR9311606A FR2710580B1 (fr) 1993-09-29 1993-09-29 Maintien d'une charge dans un emballage et dispositif de coupe d'emballage.

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EP0645309A1 EP0645309A1 (de) 1995-03-29
EP0645309B1 true EP0645309B1 (de) 1997-10-01

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AT (1) ATE158772T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69405954T2 (de)
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FR (1) FR2710580B1 (de)

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US7031788B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2006-04-18 The Boeing Company R2V packaging process and system
FR2898072B1 (fr) * 2006-03-06 2009-06-05 Savoye Sa Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un emballage en carton de volume variable
FR2919520B1 (fr) 2007-08-02 2011-01-07 Savoye Procede et machine combinee de coupe et de fermeture de caisses avec pose de sacs de calage
DE102012102117A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Verpackungsanlage und Verfahren zum Verpacken von Versandgut
GB201210170D0 (en) 2012-06-08 2012-07-25 Linkx Systems Ltd Container sizing method and system
FR3017858B1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2016-03-18 B & Equipment Procede et machine pour fermer des boites a section carree ou rectangulaire en reduisant leur hauteur a celle de leur contenu.
GB201504062D0 (en) 2015-03-10 2015-04-22 Linkx Systems Ltd Packaging system
GB201504880D0 (en) 2015-03-23 2015-05-06 Linkx Systems Ltd Container sizing
EP3284687B1 (de) * 2016-08-16 2020-11-04 Quadient Technologies France System und verfahren zum automatischen verpacken von artikeln unterschiedlicher grösse und anzahl für den versand
DE102019129790A1 (de) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-06 Opitz Packaging Systems Gmbh Rillstation und Verfahren zum automatischen Rillen einer Faltkiste mit eingesetztem Packgut
CN112591174B (zh) * 2020-11-27 2022-06-24 兰剑智能科技股份有限公司 一种全自动纸箱包装机
JP7212110B1 (ja) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-24 ジック株式会社 形状プロファイル計測装置、及びシュリンク包装機

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FR2506722A1 (fr) 1981-06-01 1982-12-03 Socar Emballage pour le conditionnement de lots d'objets et procedes de realisation d'un tel emballage et de conditionnement simultane des objets
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FR2558792B1 (fr) 1984-01-27 1986-06-06 Savoye Henry Chaine de conditionnement de produits sous film dans un receptacle forme a partir d'un flan plat predecoupe
FR2560581B1 (fr) * 1984-03-01 1987-01-09 Socar Procede de conditionnement dans un emballage en un materiau semi-rigide d'un lot d'objets dont certains au moins sont compressibles
FR2564068B1 (fr) 1984-05-14 1986-10-31 Rochette Cenpa Emballage de regroupement
FR2589444B1 (fr) 1985-10-31 1988-01-15 Savoye Henry Emballage et procede d'emballage de produits sous feuilles retractables
FR2590548B1 (fr) 1985-11-25 1988-02-12 Savoye Henry Emballage et procede d'emballage de produits sous feuilles retractables
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DE9107392U1 (de) * 1991-06-15 1991-09-19 Nordmark Arzneimittel GmbH, 2082 Uetersen Vorrichtung zum sauberen und schonenden Öffnen von Kapseln

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DE69405954D1 (de) 1997-11-06
FR2710580B1 (fr) 1995-11-03
EP0645309A1 (de) 1995-03-29
DE69405954T2 (de) 1998-03-05
FR2710580A1 (fr) 1995-04-07
ATE158772T1 (de) 1997-10-15
ES2107150T3 (es) 1997-11-16

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