EP0641728A1 - Installation de réservoirs - Google Patents

Installation de réservoirs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0641728A1
EP0641728A1 EP93810913A EP93810913A EP0641728A1 EP 0641728 A1 EP0641728 A1 EP 0641728A1 EP 93810913 A EP93810913 A EP 93810913A EP 93810913 A EP93810913 A EP 93810913A EP 0641728 A1 EP0641728 A1 EP 0641728A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
heating
tank system
line
heater
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP93810913A
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German (de)
English (en)
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U Ammann Maschinenfabrik AG
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U Ammann Maschinenfabrik AG
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Publication of EP0641728A1 publication Critical patent/EP0641728A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/78—Arrangements of storage tanks, reservoirs or pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/744—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents heating or cooling through the walls or internal parts of the container, e.g. circulation of fluid inside the walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tank system for storing a medium to be stored at elevated temperature, in particular bitumen, with at least one tank and an electrical heater for heating and / or keeping the medium or bitumen in the tank warm. Furthermore, the invention relates to such a tank system with a line system to remove the medium or bitumen. Finally, the invention also relates to a tank system of the type mentioned at the beginning with a filling station, with which the at least one tank can be filled from above with the liquid medium delivered and stored on tank vehicles, and to a method for operating the filling station.
  • bitumen (sometimes also tar) was delivered in barrels and brought to the processing temperature in melting tanks. With the introduction of the transport of hot bitumen in tank vehicles, heated storage tanks also had to be installed.
  • Thermal oil heaters are therefore widely used to heat storage tanks.
  • the thermally insensitive thermal oil is brought to the desired temperature and supplied to the consumers via pumps.
  • Pipes carrying bitumen can also be heated uniformly using double jacket pipes or accompanying pipes.
  • Thermal oil aggregates for heating the tanks have various Disadvantages such as B. high investment costs, high maintenance costs, poor efficiency in partial load operation, poor controllability of the heating circuits etc.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tank system of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a good energy balance, low maintenance and high operational reliability.
  • the solution is that the at least one tank is surrounded by a self-supporting outer shell and a volume of space between the outer shell and the tank is completely filled with a granular insulation material.
  • Granular insulation materials ensure a much greater homogeneity of the insulation and, in practical applications, their insulation values do not essentially differ from the laboratory values. This differs from fiber-like insulation materials.
  • the fact that the tank and the outer shell do not have to be connected to one another means that thermal bridges can be systematically avoided.
  • Preferably two or more cylindrical tanks are provided, which are arranged upright next to each other in a common, essentially cuboid outer shell in a radiation-minimizing arrangement. In this way the heat loss can be kept fairly low.
  • the thickness of the insulation should be matched to the thermal conductivity of the insulation material such that the radiation is on average less than 20 W / m2, in particular not more than 15 W / m2.
  • the outer shell is formed by load-bearing insulation plates.
  • the outer shell therefore not only performs a statically load-bearing function, but also a thermally insulating function. Accordingly, the amount of granular insulation material can be reduced or, conversely, the total insulation value can be increased.
  • Particularly preferred insulation materials are expanded or Puffperlite, which have a very low density. It is advantageous for. B. also vermiculite. These and other granular insulation materials can be made hydrophobic. The moisture, which as a rule considerably reduces the insulation value in the case of conventional thermal insulation materials, cannot get stuck in the insulation according to the invention and is therefore largely kept away.
  • the entire height of the tanks is immersed in the insulation material.
  • the outer shell is so high that a weather-protected space is formed above the insulation material to keep the tanks accessible.
  • the above-mentioned roof space should allow any rising damp to be removed.
  • Filling and emptying lines are routed as far as possible in the granular insulation material inside the outer shell (i.e. between the tank and outer shell).
  • a part located outside the outer shell, which serves, for example, to lead the bitumen to a mixing station, is provided with accompanying insulation, and in such a way that the lines mentioned are insulated over their entire length with approximately the same effective value.
  • a tank system with at least one tank and with a line system for removing the medium is distinguished according to the invention in that the line system comprises metal tubes which can be heated directly electrically.
  • Such a heater is extremely uniform and structurally simple. Furthermore, the risk of a non-locatable power cut is eliminated.
  • the metal pipes are preferably made of stainless steel, which has an approximately five times higher resistance value than the typical pipe materials (such as Fe). This creates a larger voltage drop across the piping system, which affects the control of the current flow or simplified the electrical structure of the power source.
  • the line system is preferably supplied with current by a transformer such that the heating power is less than 1 kW / m, in particular approximately 0.5 kW / m. Such an output is sufficient to keep the line warm. A heating function of the line system is therefore not sought.
  • Two-sided electrically insulated flange connections are provided for connecting the line system to a power source. Such a flange connection can also be used to bridge electrically controllable valves or other components. The two pieces of pipe connected to the valve are connected directly via a separate conductor (cable).
  • a transformer with a plurality of voltage taps is preferably provided as the current source.
  • the voltages that can be tapped are all in a range that has been roughly calculated based on the cable length. By connecting the correct voltage tap, the effective heating power can be set to a desired value, which is difficult to determine theoretically, however.
  • the line system is preferably designed as a ring stub with at least two pumps.
  • the medium can thus be removed in two different ways (removal by means of a ring line, removal by means of a stub line), which is particularly advantageous if two different types of bitumen have to be used for a mixture. There is also a certain redundancy of the withdrawal system.
  • a separately controllable second heater for keeping warm is provided.
  • the two heaters differ significantly in terms of their output range, with the booster heater being dimensioned for rapid heating.
  • the second heater should compensate for any heat losses with a constant and low heating output.
  • the performance ranges differ by one Factor 5-10.
  • both the temperatures of the heating surfaces and that of the medium are checked and controlled.
  • the control circuit is designed in the sense of a cascade control in such a way that the actual temperature of the medium is always kept as close as possible to the target temperature by fine-tuning the heating power and the actual temperature of the heating surface is in any case not exceeded a predetermined maximum temperature. According to the invention, work is therefore carried out not only according to the on / off principle, but also according to a method dependent on the temperature difference (for example with a proportional integral controller).
  • the two heaters as a wall ring or.
  • the wall ring heater can be formed by a multiplicity of flat, ring segment-shaped heating rods applied on the outside.
  • the heating elements are known designs with an electrically conductive core and an electrically insulating jacket.
  • the heating elements have a mutual spacing of typically 10-30 cm, in particular of approximately 20 cm, in order to be able to deliver an output of at most 2.4 kW / m2.
  • the heating elements are preferably too separate in terms of circuitry operable heating areas summarized.
  • the heating areas can be switched on and off depending on the level.
  • a half-full tank can also be heated in an energy-saving manner.
  • the booster heater comprises a register heater made of solid stainless steel strips which is arranged in the interior of the tank and which can be supplied with current by a low-voltage high-current source.
  • the wide heating tapes not only offer a large heating surface, but are also mechanically very stable.
  • a breakthrough heater is additionally provided which, when the solidified bitumen is warmed up, creates a liquid passage upwards through which the medium expanding during heating can escape. It is preferably a vertically arranged, directly heated pipe which essentially passes through the tank from top to bottom. This breakthrough heater is very effective. If a tank installation is undesirable, a heating rod mounted vertically on the outer wall of the tank can be provided instead. This also ensures that the solidified bitumen is first melted along a vertical channel.
  • the surface temperature of a register arranged in the interior of the tank is not measured directly but indirectly.
  • a pipe protruding into the interior of the tank and sealed off at the inner end has the same surface and cross-section as the bands of the register heater. The same current is applied as the register heater.
  • a temperature sensor measures the surface temperature, which essentially corresponds to the surface temperature of the heating register. In this way, the temperature sensor does not come into contact with the bitumen.
  • the pipe is connected in series with the heater so that the same heating current flows through it.
  • the outputs of the heaters are controlled by means of thyristors in a pulse group connection.
  • Pulse group switching means that only whole half-waves are allowed through (no phase gating) and that the power is set by the length of the pulse group. Since the electricity network is only slightly disturbed in this way, a complex damping network can largely be dispensed with.
  • an automatic filling station for a tank system of the type mentioned, with which the at least one tank can be filled from above with the liquid medium that is delivered and stored on tank vehicles, has a collecting container, one that can be emptied into the collecting container and ends at the top of the tank Riser pipe, a filler pipe which can be connected to the tanker and opens into the riser pipe, a pump for conveying the medium and a suction pipe for sucking in the medium located in the collecting container.
  • a filling station controller ensures that a liquid column in the riser after filling the tank is emptied into the collection container and that the contents of the collection container are automatically filled into the container at the beginning of the next time the tank is filled Tank is transported. In this way it is excluded that incorrect manipulation can lead to the hot bitumen in the riser coming out of the filling line backwards.
  • the filling and suction lines are switchable upstream of the pump via a three-way valve.
  • the riser in turn, can be emptied into the collection container via a valve.
  • the valves mentioned are automatically operated by the filling station controller.
  • the collecting container preferably also serves as a condensate collecting vessel.
  • the gas suspension line of the tank opens into the collection container. It is guided as far as possible outside the outer shell and preferably has cooling fins so that the vapors condense in the gas exchange line.
  • the tanks in the uppermost area are mutually connected with level compensation lines.
  • the equalization lines mentioned are located slightly below the mouths of the tank ventilation. If a tank is accidentally overfilled, its contents initially flow into another tank before its contents (in the worst case) get into the collection container or to the outside via the tank ventilation.
  • a method for operating said filling station is characterized by the following steps: First, the contents of the collection container are pumped into the tank. After a predetermined time, the three-way valve is switched from the intake line to the fill line and the contents of the vehicle are pumped into the tank. Is this If the tanker is empty, the valve is switched from the filling line to the suction line again and pumped on for a certain time. The riser pipe is then emptied into the collection container by either running the pump backwards or opening the valve closing the riser pipe against the collection container. In this way it can be ensured that the contents of the riser pipe can never blow backwards out of the filling line, but in any case is emptied into the collecting container. By always pumping out the liquid content of the collecting container first, it should be ensured that there is always enough space in it for the contents of the riser.
  • the filling level of the collecting container can be automatically monitored and if a certain level is exceeded, a heating can be switched on, which ensures that the bitumen in the collecting container is always liquid the next time the tank is filled, so that the entire contents of the collecting container can be pumped into the tank system.
  • the bitumen tank system according to the invention is based on a three-stage concept.
  • a top level main goal
  • the aim is not to have to provide heating power.
  • the entire tank system should be so well insulated that heat loss during the season between refills can be neglected. If care is taken to ensure that the bitumen is always delivered at a sufficiently high temperature, the thermal losses between refills can be compensated for by the sufficiently hot, newly filled in bitumen (passive heating).
  • the heating output should be as low and uniform as possible (floor heating in the lower output range).
  • a powerful (booster heater) is used. With this heater, a strong heating of the medium can be achieved within a short time. However, this should only happen in rare cases (e.g. at the beginning of the season, longer, extraordinary heating interruptions, etc.). At level three, the system runs a maximum of 5% of its operating time.
  • the 3-stage concept has advantages in terms of operating costs. In electrical systems, it is not only the total energy consumption that is important, but also the power required in each case. By using booster heating sparingly, the performance tariff naturally only has a limited impact.
  • FIG. 1a-d show tank systems with 1 to 4 tanks 2, 2.1, 2.2, ..., 2.9, which are set up in a radiation-minimizing arrangement.
  • the representations represent longitudinal axis cross sections of the elongated, cylindrical tanks 2, 2.1, ..., 2.9.
  • Such a tank 2, 2.1, ..., 2.9 typically has a capacity of approximately 60 t of bitumen.
  • the cylindrical tanks 2, 2.1, ..., 2.9 are arranged upright so that the surface of the bitumen level and thus the oxidation of the bitumen with atmospheric oxygen is as small as possible.
  • 1, 2, 3 or 4 Fig.
  • tanks 2 or 2.1, 2.2 or 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 or 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 are each in a common outer shell 1 or 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3 arranged.
  • the tanks are as close together as possible.
  • the volume of space between tanks 2 or 2.1, 2.2 or 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 or 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and the respective outer shell 1 or 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3 is completely granular or powdery Insulation material 3 or 3.1 or 3.2 or 3.3 filled out.
  • the outer shell 1 or 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3 has the primary task of holding the free-flowing insulation material 3 or 3.1 or 3.2 or 3.3.
  • outer shell is essentially cuboid, it is particularly easy to construct (standard solution). In principle, triangular or other polygonal or. prismatic floor plans or spatial shapes can be selected.
  • Fig. 2 shows the system of FIG. 1b in section II cylindrical tank 2.1 is elongated and has a cambered resp. dome-shaped bottom 2.11, an upwardly curved ceiling 2.12 and a jacket wall 2.13.
  • a closable hatch 30.1 is provided in the ceiling 2.12.
  • the tank 2.1 is completely surrounded by the fine-grained insulation material 3.1.
  • a roof space 5 is provided under a roof 4 and is accessible via a ladder 6. In principle, the tank 2.1 can therefore be walked on at any time.
  • the roof 4 is designed as a sloping roof. It keeps the weather away, but is otherwise not particularly thermally insulated.
  • the heating energy can be specifically introduced into the bitumen. While in thermal oil heating the heating system itself has a large amount of heat radiation and heat capacity, which can only be limited with insulation and at the same time can be reduced in costly manner, the electrical heaters are mounted in or at least directly on the tank.
  • the losses can be kept so small that heating is not necessary between the refills during the season.
  • the cooling between the periodic fillings does not exceed 2 ° C., preferably 1 ° C. when the tank is full and for 24 hours.
  • the bitumen can therefore be stored in a range of 160-180 ° C with slight temperature fluctuations.
  • the insulation is so designed that the total loss of a 60 t bitumen tank with a surface area of approx. 100 m2 does not exceed 15 W / m2 (at a temperature difference of 150-200 ° C). This is achieved with very good insulation and short cable routing, which is described in detail below.
  • the uninsulated tanks are placed close to each other and completely immersed together in the granular insulation material.
  • the thickness of the insulation and thus the minimum distance between the tank wall and the outer shell is approximately 150-200 mm.
  • a puff or expanded perlite is used as insulation material. This is obtained in a manner known per se by heating a volcanic rock glass with a rhyolite composition. When heated, the material expands to a light, pumice-like "rock foam". Another preferred substance is vermiculite.
  • the powdered insulation material has the advantage that the density, which is very important for the insulation value, is largely independent of the type of manufacture and application of the insulation material.
  • the pouring insulation material also has the advantage that no supporting connections are required between the tank and the outer shell (thermal bridges), that there are no air holes (e.g. due to tank movements due to temperature fluctuations) and that the moisture, which affects the insulation ability, is made hydrophobic by the powder can be kept away.
  • powdered insulation material can be removed if necessary for a revision of the tank system or a repair (it flows almost like a liquid) and refilled after the work has been completed.
  • the outer shell statically supports the powdered insulation material and keeps it leakproof.
  • the outer shell 1.1 it can be advantageous to use the outer shell 1.1 to be built from self-supporting insulation panels or panels. This not only eliminates the need for a complex steel support structure, but also increases or increases the insulation value. the required amount of expanded perlite can be reduced.
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram of a tank system with three tanks 2.3, 2.4, 2.5.
  • Each of the three tanks 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 has a bottom resp. Wall ring heating 7.1 resp. 7.2 resp. 7.3, a register heater 8.1 respectively. 8.2 resp. 8.3 and a breakthrough heater 9.1 respectively. 9.2 resp. 9.3.
  • Floor resp. Wall heaters 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 consist of conventional heating coils or heating rods (round or flat profiles with an electrically insulated core). The heating coils or heating rods are on the outside on the floor. mounted on the wall. So they do not require breakthroughs in the tank wall.
  • the output of the floor heating is typically of the order of 6 kW, which leads to a target heating load of less than 0.1 W / m2. Local overheating (which can lead to undesirable cracking of the bitumen) can thereby be avoided.
  • the wall ring heater is formed by a multiplicity of heating ring segments spanned onto the outer wall essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tank.
  • the individual ring segments have a mutual distance of z. B. 20 cm. They are preferably formed from (e.g. 15 mm wide) flat profiles in order to ensure the greatest possible heat transfer to the tank wall. The distance is chosen so that the tank wall is heated as evenly as possible. Because the ring segments are relatively closely spaced, there is a certain redundancy, which is advantageous in view of their difficult accessibility (they are completely surrounded by the powdered insulation material).
  • the ring segments are preferably clamped to pins provided on the outer wall of the tank by means of strong springs.
  • the pin anchoring can be dispensed with if two or more ring segments are braced against one another with springs or the like.
  • other fastening options are also conceivable.
  • the heating rings are divided into several (e.g. three to four) annular heating areas which can be switched on or off depending on the fill level of the tank. If the tank is only half full, for example, only the lower half of the wall ring heating needs to be switched on. The power consumption can be adjusted accordingly to the fill level.
  • the bitumen can be heated up relatively quickly if necessary using the wall heating (e.g. at the beginning of the season).
  • the wall ring heater can thus be used as a booster heater.
  • the wall ring heating should work with the smallest possible temperature differences (e.g. approx. 5 ° C).
  • the register heater 8.1 respectively. 8.2 resp. 8.3 is a directly heated, low-voltage, high-ampere coil made of stainless steel. It is with three-phase current from a transformer 10.1 resp. 10.2 resp. 10.3 operated.
  • the register heater comprises e.g. B. three stainless steel strips 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, which are hung one above the other and not too far from the bottom 2.31 of the tank 2.3 electrically isolated.
  • the cross section of the stainless steel strips 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 is e.g. B. 5 x 120 mm2.
  • Each of the three stainless steel bands 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 is a "ring meander" with z. B. four 270 ° ring segments are bent (see FIG. 5b). The ring segments are arranged concentrically and cover the largest possible cross-sectional area of the cylindrical tank 2.3.
  • Each of the three stainless steel strips 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 is attached to a phase of a 40 V three-phase current.
  • the current values can reach 800 A (high current).
  • the stainless steel straps 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 are fastened in a ceramic-insulated manner opposite the suspension.
  • the suspension includes e.g. B. four structures 34.1, ..., 34.4 supported regularly along the circumference on the inner wall of the tank 2.3.
  • the current is supplied via a closable wall opening 35.
  • the effective surface of the register heater described is very large. A heating output of 60 kW can be achieved without any problems.
  • the solid stainless steel straps are also mechanically very robust, which is particularly advantageous when filling an empty tank from above.
  • Bitumen solidifies below 60-70 ° C. If a solidified tank content is now heated with the register heater, there is a risk that the tank will be blown up, since the lower part of the bitumen block liquefies in front of the upper part and cannot expand anywhere. Breakthrough heaters 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 are therefore provided which melt a vertical breakthrough through the solidified block and the evacuation of the liquefied one Enable bitumen.
  • the breakthrough heaters 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 are essentially U-tubes which extend from the bottom to the top in the tank.
  • the U-tubes are directly heated stainless steel tubes. They are powered by transformers. Instead of a tube z. B. a steel band may also be provided.
  • the breakthrough heater does not have to run on the longitudinal central axis. In particular, it can also be formed by a heating rod running on the outer wall parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tank.
  • Breakthrough heating is, of course, only necessary if there is a strong, near-ground heating system that carries the risk described above. If a wall ring heater is used as a booster instead of a register heater, then a solidified bitumen block is melted from the outside in, whereby the melted bitumen can always escape upwards.
  • bitumen is delivered at a sufficiently high temperature. If the tank system according to the invention is sufficiently well insulated and the system is regularly filled, then any heating can be dispensed with. The heat lost through radiation is then replaced by the newly delivered hot bitumen (cf. stages I of the system concept explained above).
  • booster heating can generally not be dispensed with. But it is not in the sense of the invention, the heating on the one hand and the keeping warm on the other hand with the strong booster heater. Rather, within the scope of the invention, attention is paid to a possibly uniform power consumption (preferably at low tariff times). This can be achieved with a suitable regulation.
  • the temperature of the bitumen and the heating surfaces is therefore measured and the heating units are supplied with power in such a way that the desired bitumen temperature (possibly using the low-tariff stream at night) is maintained as constant as possible or - when heating - is achieved without overshoots if possible .
  • the current is therefore set as finely as possible.
  • the heating output must be limited.
  • the heating current is controlled depending on the average heating surface temperature (e.g. determined by several temperature probes) and the bitumen temperature (determined at a representative point) in such a way that the heating surface temperature remains within the required range and the heating energy in a corresponding manner is reduced as soon as the actual temperature of the bitumen approaches the target temperature.
  • a thyristor pulse group circuit is preferably used to control the electrical power. That is, the thyristors only switch entire half-waves on or off. The amount of electricity is determined by the number of pulses per group. determines the ratio of the number of switched through to the number of blocked half-waves. Instead of the thyristors, other switching elements can also be used if necessary.
  • the temperature of the inner surface of the pipe is measured with a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor does not come into contact with the bitumen.
  • the same current flows through the tube as through a single stainless steel band of the register heater. Since the same power loss per length is produced in the pipe as in the stainless steel strip and the same heat is emitted to the bitumen on the outer surface, the temperature on the inner wall of the pipe essentially corresponds to that on the stainless steel strips.
  • FIG. 3 further shows the line system according to the invention for removing the bitumen from the tanks 2.3, 2.4, 2.5. It is a combined ring stub 11. Each tank has two taps 11.11, 11.21 or 11.12, 11.22 or. 11.13, 11.23, which are opened or closed via valves 12.1, 12.2, ..., 12.5, 12.6 respectively. can be switched on or off.
  • the ring stub 11 leads to a bitumen scale 13 back and forth.
  • the desired amount of bitumen can be removed there using valves 12.8, 12.10 (in particular three-way valves). Bitumen is conveyed using one of the two pumps 14.1, 14.2.
  • the ring stub represents two stubs and one Loop.
  • the first branch line is formed by the line sections 11.1, the taps 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, the valves 12.1, 12.3, 12.5, 12.8 and the pump 14.1.
  • the second branch line is formed by the taps 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, the line sections 11.2, the valves 12.2, 12.4, 12.6, 12.7, 12.10 and the pump 14.2.
  • the ring line finally includes the first branch line 11.1, the valve 12.9, and the second branch line without the pump 14.2 but instead with the bypass line 11.3.
  • the bitumen scale 13 is usually located in the upper part of an asphalt mixing plant, which is arranged in a separate structure next to the bitumen tank plant.
  • essential parts of the ring stub are embedded in the insulation powder within the outer shell of the tank system.
  • the ring stub leaves the bitumen tank insulation. It is then only isolated from accompanying insulation.
  • their effective insulation value should come as close as possible to the insulation value of the rest of the ring stub. This has advantages above all in connection with the regulation of the pipe heating described below.
  • the combined ring stub 11 works as follows:
  • the line works in normal operation as a ring line, ie the automatically adjustable valves or valves 12.1, 12.3, 12.5 lead the bitumen from the selected tank 2.3 or 2.4 resp. 2.5 via the pump 14.1 to the weighing vessel of the bitumen scale 13.
  • There the tap 12.8 carries out the dosing.
  • the return flow leads via valve 12.9 (connecting through tap) and the second metering tap, which is closed for weighing (Valve 12.10) via the bypass line 11.3 past the pump 14.2 into the same or a different tank.
  • valve 12.9 and bypass line 11.3 are closed. Both pumps 14.1, 14.2 now operate as branch line pumps. The excess pressure during the dosing pauses is reduced via the bypass pressure relief valves installed in the pumps 14.1, 14.2.
  • the ring stub 11 is electrically heated directly.
  • the line pipes are made of stainless steel and connected to a transformer 10.4.
  • Such a pipe heater produces an optimally homogeneous heat distribution in the pipe wall. Since the ring stub 11 is insulated approximately equally well along its entire length, not only can uniform heating be achieved, but also simple temperature control.
  • Stainless steel has a resistance value that is typically a multiple of that of iron.
  • the aim is to have a voltage in the range of 10-40 V across the entire ring line. With common pipe cross-sections and average cable lengths, the voltage should be between 0.1-1 V / m be. In this way, a preferred heating output of 400-500 W / m should be achieved.
  • the ring stub is also designed for heating. If a certain part of the pipe is not used for a long time (e.g. because the bitumen of the corresponding tank is not used and the bitumen in the corresponding pipe part is therefore not circulated), local hypothermia can occur, at the latest when the corresponding tap is drawn off Bitumen are to be fixed.
  • the installed power of 400-500 W / m enables a short heating up (e.g. from 4-6 a.m.). Due to the insulation according to the invention, 20-30 W / m are sufficient for keeping warm. This reduced performance is of course only necessary in the event of a break in operation, since the bitumen comes out of the tank and has the required temperature during operation (i.e. with bitumen pumps running).
  • the loop heating is also controlled via thyristor and cascade control.
  • the bitumen temperature in the pipe and the pipe temperature are measured at different points and fed to the controller that controls the thyristor.
  • the following regulation is provided to prevent local hypothermia (e.g. in unused line parts) or overheating:
  • Along the line system there are e.g. B. three temperature sensors arranged in typical places. Through an electrical circuit that is able to select the lowest or highest value.
  • Stainless steel also has a very smooth surface, which makes it difficult to form unwanted deposits and residues.
  • trace heating from a heating tape or a coiled heating wire can be used instead of direct heating.
  • trace heating from a heating tape or a coiled heating wire can be used instead of direct heating.
  • the Elansch connection which is shown schematically in FIG. 6 and is insulated on both sides, is preferably provided.
  • Two abutting tubes 36.1, 36.2 each have a flange 37.1, 37.2 with (several) bores 38.1, 38.2 at their ends.
  • An insulation ring 39 is inserted between the pipe ends or the flanges 37.1, 37.2.
  • the flanges 37.1, 37.2 are z. B. 41 connected to nuts 42.
  • the screw 41 and the nut 42 are electrically insulated from the flanges 37.1, 37.2 by means of insulating sleeves 40.1, 40.2.
  • the insulating sleeves extend essentially through the corresponding bore 38.1, 38.2 and have a collar with which they rest on the edge of the bore 38.1, 38.2 and the head of the screw 41 or. isolate the nut 42 from the flanges 37.1, 37.2.
  • a tab 43 which projects radially outward with respect to the axis of the tube 36.1 and to which a power cable 44 is soldered.
  • the current is fed to the pipe 36.1 via the said power cable 44, the pipe 36.2 remaining current-free.
  • An automatic filling station is also shown in FIG. 3. It comprises a filling line 17 and an intake line 18, which can optionally be connected to a pump 23 via a three-way valve 21.
  • the filling line 15 is connected, which, depending on the position of two valves 16.1, 16.2 (three-way valves), opens into one of the three tanks 2.3, 2.4, 2.5.
  • the filling line 15 can be emptied into a collecting container 19 via a valve 22.
  • the suction line 18 serves to pump the collecting container 19 empty.
  • the collecting container 19 can be heated with a heater 20. In terms of performance, there are no major requirements to be met, since the collecting container is not very large (a few hundred liters).
  • the three tanks 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 are mutually connected with level compensation lines 24.1, 24.2.
  • a ventilation line 25 opening into the tank 2.5 above the level of the level compensation lines 24.1, 24.2 is designed as a condenser for the escaping vapors (finned tube, etc.) and opens freely with a condensate drain line 26 in the collecting container 19 on the one hand.
  • FIG. 7a, b A concrete structure of a filling station is shown in Fig. 7a, b.
  • the collecting container 19 is preferably cuboid.
  • the suction line 18 protrudes from above into the collecting container 19 and extends to just above the floor.
  • the collecting container 19 can be pumped out completely completely.
  • the three-way valve 21 is connected upstream of the pump 23, which is fastened on top of the collecting container 19.
  • the line section 15.4, which branches off from the main line section 15.1, also penetrates into the collecting container 19 from above and can be closed via the valve 22.
  • the collecting container 19 stands on the floor.
  • the filling line 15 rises on the outside of the tanks in order to fill them from above. This has the advantage that the filling does not have to be done under pressure as when filling the tank from below. However, after filling, a liquid column remains in the ascending filling line 15, the outflow of which must be prevented from the outside. This is now achieved with the fully automatic filling station according to the invention.
  • Fully automatic means that the pump 23 and the valves 21 and 22 are operated by an electronic control and not by hand.
  • the filling process is as follows: The tanker vehicle that delivers the hot bitumen is connected to the filling line 17. At this time, the three-way valve is set so that the suction line 18 is connected to the pump 23. The valve 22 is also open.
  • a start button is now pressed, it is checked whether the tank to be filled is not already full. If no, the valve 22 is closed and the pump 23 is switched on. The collecting container 19 is emptied (provided that the bitumen contained therein has not cooled and has solidified). After a predetermined time, the valve 21 becomes connected the filling line 17 with the pump 23 automatically switched. The bitumen delivered is transported from the tanker to the corresponding storage tank.
  • the collection container is emptied both before and after the tank is filled.
  • a fill level sensor can be provided in the collecting container, which adjusts the heater 20 (cf. FIG. 3) as soon as the level in the collecting container 19 reaches a certain level. In this way it can be ensured that the next time the tank system is filled, the bitumen in the collecting container 19 is heated and is therefore liquid and can be pumped out completely.
  • valve 22 and line 15.4 can be dispensed with. To empty the riser 15.1, the pump 23 is then simply run backwards when the valve 21 is connected to the suction line 18.
  • FIGS. 4a-c show a concrete structure of a bitumen tank system with two tanks 2.1, 2.2.
  • the tanks are completely surrounded by insulation material 3.1. They are accessible via hatches 30.1, 30.2. Outside the insulation, but as close as possible to the outer shell 1.1, the automatic filling station 29 (with the collecting container 19) provided.
  • the automatic filling station 29 (with the collecting container 19) provided.
  • two risers 27.1, 27.2 are provided, which open into the tanks 2.1, 2.2 at the top. They can optionally be connected to the outlet of the pump of the filling station 29 by means of a switch tap 28.
  • the switch tap 28 is preferably at man's height in order to be well operated (if manually operable) and to be maintained. This also keeps the part of the filling line that is outside the insulation very short.
  • the ventilation line 25 should act as a condenser and is therefore as short as possible inside the insulation and as long as possible outside the insulation. It should be able to give off as much heat as possible to the surrounding air and is therefore preferably designed as a finned tube.
  • a fill level compensation line 31 is also shown in FIGS. 4b and c. It is a relatively short connection of the two tanks 2.1, 2.2 in the uppermost area (but below the mouth of the tank ventilation).
  • a part of the ring stub system is also shown. It has four lines 32.1, ..., 32.4 opening into the lower part of the tanks 2.1, 2.2, followed by four valves 45.1, ..., 45.4 and two lines 32.5, 32.6 rising up to half the height of the tank 2.1 . All line parts shown are within the insulation according to the invention. The lines 32.5, 32.6 are therefore routed to the above-mentioned height because the bitumen scale of the mixing station is at this height and because the ring branch line is thus guided as far as possible within the insulation.
  • a pump 46 of the ring line is also switched on in line 32.6.
  • the pump 46 is also at man's height in an easily accessible place.
  • valves 45.1, ..., 45.4 and the pump 46 are arranged in small boxes that are free of insulation material.
  • the boxes are closed to the outside with a removable cover, so that the valves and pumps housed in them are accessible for inspection purposes.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described.
  • the insulation principle according to the invention, the electrically directly heated metal pipes, the combined ring stub line, the combination of permanent and booster heating and the automatic filling station can in principle be used independently of one another (i.e. as independent features of a tank system).
  • the invention is not limited to tank systems for storing bitumen, but extends in general to storing liquid media at elevated temperatures.
  • bitumen tanks with electrical energy represents a huge technical advance, the benefits of which are immediately tangible for the user. In addition to significant energy savings, safe and clean operation can also be guaranteed.
  • the invention fully utilizes the potential of this technology for the first time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
EP93810913A 1993-08-28 1993-12-27 Installation de réservoirs Ceased EP0641728A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934328984 DE4328984C2 (de) 1993-08-28 1993-08-28 Tankanlage zum Speichern von Bitumen
DE4328984 1993-08-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0641728A1 true EP0641728A1 (fr) 1995-03-08

Family

ID=6496253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810913A Ceased EP0641728A1 (fr) 1993-08-28 1993-12-27 Installation de réservoirs

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0641728A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4328984C2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2709294B3 (fr)
IT (1) IT231212Y1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN102642683A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2012-08-22 广西国创道路材料有限公司 沥青储油罐

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DE29808201U1 (de) * 1998-05-07 1998-07-16 Gahbauer, Walter, 83527 Haag Tank zur Lagerung von Bindemitteln
FR3019165B1 (fr) * 2014-03-28 2017-03-03 Total Marketing Services Installation de stockage et de distribution d'un produit, procede de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle installation
CN105984663A (zh) * 2015-02-17 2016-10-05 王春记 预埋电加热线纤维增强塑料原油储罐

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1549236A (en) * 1975-04-07 1979-08-01 Dresser Ind Method and appratus for handling volatile liquid vapours
GB2049628A (en) * 1979-04-28 1980-12-31 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage Controlled-temperature tank container
DE3040565A1 (de) * 1980-10-28 1982-05-27 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Behaelter zur aufnahme einer heissen oder tiefkalten fluessigkeit und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3613453A1 (de) * 1986-04-21 1987-10-22 Deutsche Geraetebau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum betanken von kraftfahrzeugen
EP0256292A2 (fr) * 1986-07-10 1988-02-24 Gerhard Richter Procédé pour le transport combiné de produits liquides par route, chemin de fer ou eau au-dessus de la température de solidification
DD254932A1 (de) * 1986-11-18 1988-03-16 Instandhaltung Itvk Rostock Ve Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lagerung und zum transport von fluessigem brennstoff
DD260711A1 (de) * 1987-05-25 1988-10-05 Bau Und Montage Kom Sued Veb Verfahren zur bereitstellung von heissbitumen
FR2639330A1 (fr) * 1988-11-21 1990-05-25 Containers Speciaux Ste Europ Conteneur citerne

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4328984A1 (de) 1994-05-05
DE4328984C2 (de) 1996-12-12
ITBZ930012V0 (it) 1993-12-06
IT231212Y1 (it) 1999-08-02
ITBZ930012U1 (it) 1994-03-06
FR2709294B3 (fr) 1995-08-04
FR2709294A3 (fr) 1995-03-03

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