EP0639742A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion à faibles émissions de combustibles fluides et/ou gazeaux, avec recirculation interne des gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion à faibles émissions de combustibles fluides et/ou gazeaux, avec recirculation interne des gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0639742A2
EP0639742A2 EP94109964A EP94109964A EP0639742A2 EP 0639742 A2 EP0639742 A2 EP 0639742A2 EP 94109964 A EP94109964 A EP 94109964A EP 94109964 A EP94109964 A EP 94109964A EP 0639742 A2 EP0639742 A2 EP 0639742A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
air
longitudinal axis
primary
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94109964A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0639742A3 (fr
Inventor
Werner Smit
Norbert Schopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saacke & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Saacke & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saacke & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Saacke & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP0639742A2 publication Critical patent/EP0639742A2/fr
Publication of EP0639742A3 publication Critical patent/EP0639742A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F23C7/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for low-emission combustion of flowable and / or gaseous fuels with internal flue gas recirculation, in which a first part of the combustion air swirls as primary air coaxially with the fuel is guided essentially rotationally symmetrically to a longitudinal axis to a primary exit position and a second Part of the combustion air is supplied radially outside the primary air as secondary air at a secondary exit position in two stages.
  • the invention further relates to a combustion device for low-emission combustion of flowable and / or gaseous fuels with internal flue gas recirculation, in particular for carrying out the invention Method, with a device for essentially rotationally symmetrical supply and swirl of a first part of the combustion air as primary air and for coaxial supply of the fuel to a primary exit position, and with a device for two-stage supply of a second part of the combustion air radially outside the primary air as secondary air a secondary exit position.
  • heating oil EL natural gas
  • thermal NO x thermal NO x
  • thermal NO x thermal NO x
  • thermal NO x the spatial and / or temporal coincidence of high temperatures (noticeable NO x formation above approx. 1400 ° C.) with (relatively) high oxygen partial pressures is avoided should be.
  • the minimum requirement from this is that (spatial or temporal) peak temperatures should be avoided as far as possible.
  • the maximum permissible NO x emission values for combustion plants are determined in the 1st, 4th and 13th BImSchV depending on fuel and thermal output.
  • a limit value of 200 mg / m3 NO x applies for gaseous fuels and 250 mg / m3 for heating oil EL, which according to the current state of the art can be maintained by means of firing measures.
  • limit values of 100 mg / m3 gas or 150 mg / m3 (heating oil EL) are often required.
  • the internal flue gas recirculation offers numerous advantages in this situation, although guide devices for guiding the flame and flue gases are required in numerous known designs. Such guidance devices have, in addition to constructional effort and inevitable space requirements, the additional disadvantage that solid particles from combustion can be deposited on them, which makes regular cleaning necessary.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for combustion with internal flue gas recirculation, in which the mentioned and other disadvantages are avoided and in which a considerable reduction in NO x is achieved with a simple structural design.
  • the secondary air is supplied in the form of a number of (free) jets essentially in the direction of the primary air flow, the jets of the first stage each beginning and converging at a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis are set to the longitudinal axis and the beams of the second stage each begin at a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis and are directed parallel to the latter.
  • the secondary air free jets suck from their surroundings Flue gas on, the arrangement of the jets according to the invention drawing in from areas of the combustion chamber in which the flue gases have already (partially) cooled.
  • the swirled primary air induces a highly turbulent backflow zone and thus brings about an excellent mixing of the reactants with the recirculated flue gas, as a result of which temperature peaks are effectively avoided.
  • the (first) radial distance of the rays of the first stage from the longitudinal axis is preferably chosen to be smaller than the corresponding (second) radial distance of the rays of the second stage.
  • the angle of incidence of the beams of the first stage is preferably 15 °.
  • the primary air be divided into a first (primary air 1) and a second (primary air 2) air stream, which are guided coaxially, the gaseous fuel preferably being supplied between these two streams.
  • the number of jets in the first stage of the secondary air is equal to the number of jets in the second stage.
  • first and second stages 4 to 12 but preferably six beams are provided.
  • the initial cross-sectional areas of the beams of the first and second stages can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis (7) be arranged in order to obtain an adaptation of the flame shape to the geometry of the combustion chamber.
  • jets of the two stages are expediently offset symmetrically in relation to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the initial cross-sectional area of the rays of the first stage may or may not be equal to the corresponding area of the rays of the second stage.
  • the primary air or at least a partial flow thereof is advantageously swirled (with a swirl angle of approximately 70 °).
  • the proportion of primary air is preferably 10% -30% of the total combustion air supplied.
  • the flowable fuel is guided centrally to the primary exit position and is atomized there in the form of jets, symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis (7). These are preferably aligned in the circumferential direction with the rays of the secondary air of the first stage.
  • the secondary exit position is in the axial direction downstream of the primary exit position, the flow consisting of primary air and fuel being guided between the primary and secondary exit positions in a parallel or diffuser-like manner.
  • the device for feeding the secondary air has a number of nozzles, the nozzles for the first stage each having a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis and being converged to the longitudinal axis, and the nozzles for the second stage each having a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis and essentially are directed in parallel.
  • the (first) radial distance of the nozzles of the first stage from the longitudinal axis is preferably smaller than the corresponding (second) radial distance of the nozzles of the second stage.
  • the first stage of the secondary air supply has as many nozzles as the second stage.
  • the number of nozzles in each of the two stages can be between 4 and 12, with a number of six nozzles in both stages being found to be favorable.
  • nozzles of both stages are symmetrically offset from one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the area proportions of the secondary air nozzles can be the same or different in both stages, and they can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis, which can influence the shape of the flame.
  • the device for supplying primary air and fuel has an outer burner tube and two concentric therein and in each other arranged, first and second leads.
  • the annular space between the burner tube and the first feed line serves to supply the primary air or a part thereof, it being possible for a swirl-generating device to be arranged between the burner tube and the (first) feed line lying next to it.
  • the annular space between the first and the second supply line located within it can serve to supply part of the primary air (primary air 1), in which case a (further) swirl-generating device can then be arranged between the first and second supply lines.
  • the swirl-generating device (s) for the primary air can be adjustable, but preferably have a swirl angle of 70 °, whereby the two portions of the primary air (primary air 1 and primary air 2) can be swirled in the same or in opposite directions.
  • feed lines for fuel gas in the annular space between the first and second feed lines, which feed lines can be rotatable, so that the gas outlet bores can be aligned tangentially or radially to the burner axis in the region of the primary outlet position, thereby creating a flame shape and Stability can be influenced.
  • a third supply line for flowable fuel is arranged concentrically within the second supply line.
  • An atomizer nozzle for liquid or flowable fuel is arranged in the area of the primary outlet position, which can be designed in a known manner as a two-substance vapor pressure atomizer nozzle.
  • the atomizer nozzle preferably has as many individual bores as there are secondary air nozzles in the first stage, the individual bores being aligned with the nozzles.
  • the individual bores like the nozzles, can be aligned symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • the secondary exit position in the axial direction downstream from the primary exit position, the outer burner tube extending between the primary and secondary exit positions with a constant diameter or expanded like a diffuser.
  • the first partial flow of the primary air, the primary air 1, passes through a feed 1a into the annular space between a first feed line 5 and a second feed line 6, in which it is guided in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the burner to the primary outlet position 8.
  • a (possibly adjustable) device 9 for swirling the primary air 1 is arranged between the first and second feed lines.
  • the second part of the primary air, the primary air 2 is fed in the direction of the first feed line 5 and then deflected in the axial direction, being in the annular space between the (outer) burner tube 11 (or a brick lining or the like) and the first Lead 5 is guided in the direction of the primary exit position 8.
  • a (adjustable) swirling device 12 is also arranged in a first, tapering section 11a of the burner tube 11, which swirls the primary air.
  • the primary air has the task of stabilizing the flame by strong swirling with as little as possible of the total air, forming back vortices in the flame core and eliminating temperature peaks by good mixing of the reactants.
  • Fuel gas is fed via a pipeline 13a to an annular distributor space 13b, to which a number of gas lances 13 are connected.
  • the fuel gas emerges from each gas lance 13 through a number of gas outlet bores 14 essentially radially from, the bores 14 can be pivoted about their longitudinal axis in a partially tangential direction by rotating the gas lances 13.
  • Flame shape and stability can be influenced.
  • a conically widened section 11b of the burner tube 11 follows downstream from the primary exit position 8, which further increases the tendency of the swirled primary air flow to form a central recirculation flow in the region of the flame core 10, as is illustrated by the arrows 10a which indicate the direction of flow .
  • Liquid or flowable fuel passes through the annular space between the second feed line 6 and a third feed line 16 arranged within it to the primary outlet position 8, where the liquid fuel is fed into a two-component fuel with the aid of steam which is fed through the third feed line.
  • Atomizer nozzle 17 is atomized finely, the two-phase mixture of two substances emerging at the speed of sound from the outlet openings.
  • the secondary air supply takes place in two partial streams 3 and 4, each of which reaches the nozzles 18 for the first stage and 19 for the second stage via annular distribution spaces and feed lines 3a and 4a. It should be pointed out that it is not absolutely necessary to provide nozzles in order to achieve the desired purpose, rather the secondary air supply could also be carried out through smooth pipes of appropriate diameter.
  • the area ratio of the air outlet areas of the first and second stages is selected in this area so that the area of the bores or nozzles 18 of the first stage is approximately 30% of the total air outlet area of the secondary air, while the cross sections of the bores or nozzles 19 of the second stage 4 about 70% of it. In the shown here Embodiment there are six nozzles 18 and 19 each, which are each offset symmetrically in the circumferential direction, so that the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 results.
  • the method of supplying the secondary air according to the invention results in the formation of free jets 18a, 19a, which suck in flue gas as it travels. Due to the special arrangement of the nozzles, suction takes place from areas of the combustion chamber 20 in which the flue gases have already partially cooled. The good mixing of the flue gases in the flame core by primary and secondary air ensures the required temperature peak reduction.
  • the volume flows of primary air 1, primary air 2, secondary air 1 and secondary air 2 are individually controlled depending on the load and from other points of view by means of an electronic fuel-air ratio controller, so that on the one hand minimal NO x values with a free-burning flame in the combustion chamber are ensured and on the other hand the flame geometry can be optimally designed for different combustion chambers.
  • the division between primary and secondary air is usually done so that a primary air ratio of 0.15 ... 0.35 is set at full load, which is increased accordingly at part load.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show measurement results of NO x , which were obtained on a burner according to the invention in an 8 MW test facility when natural gas (FIG. 3) and heating oil EL (FIG. 4) were burned.
  • the values can obviously be 100 mg / m3 (natural gas) or 150 mg / m3 (Heating oil EL) are safely undercut.
  • the control range is 1: 8 for the combustion of natural gas and 1: 7 for heating oil EL.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP94109964A 1993-08-20 1994-06-28 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion à faibles émissions de combustibles fluides et/ou gazeaux, avec recirculation interne des gaz d'échappement. Withdrawn EP0639742A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4328130 1993-08-20
DE19934328130 DE4328130A1 (de) 1993-08-20 1993-08-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum emissionsarmen Verbrennen von fließfähigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen mit interner Rauchgasrezirkulation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0639742A2 true EP0639742A2 (fr) 1995-02-22
EP0639742A3 EP0639742A3 (fr) 1995-09-13

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EP94109964A Withdrawn EP0639742A3 (fr) 1993-08-20 1994-06-28 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion à faibles émissions de combustibles fluides et/ou gazeaux, avec recirculation interne des gaz d'échappement.

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0639742A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4328130A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1048897A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 "Dumag" OHG., Dr.techn. Ludwig Kaluza & Co Brûleur
FR2853953A1 (fr) * 2003-04-18 2004-10-22 Air Liquide Procede de combustion etagee d'un combustible liquide et d'un oxydant dans un four
EP1998112A2 (fr) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-03 Hitachi Power Europe GmbH Brûleur destiné à la combustion d'un gas à faible capacité calorifique
EP2479491A1 (fr) 2011-01-20 2012-07-25 Fortum OYJ Procédé et brûleur pour brûler du gaz pauvre dans une chaudière de centrale électrique
CN107477572A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-15 哈尔滨工业大学 采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置
CN107559822A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 中心给粉旋流煤粉燃器和燃尽风布置结构
CN107559818A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 采用预燃室及双层射流分离二次风的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置
RU2642997C2 (ru) * 2015-04-14 2018-01-29 Фортум Оюй Газовая горелка с низким содержанием оксидов азота и способ сжигания топливного газа
CN109631018A (zh) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种用于工业煤粉锅炉的渐扩式防结渣燃烧器
CN110296435A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-01 江苏大学 一种多功能可调节的低污染燃烧可视化装置
CN111853775A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2020-10-30 上海全颉环境设备有限公司 具有内部再循环的燃烧头和包含这种燃烧头的燃烧器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2455110A1 (de) * 1974-11-21 1976-05-26 Babcock & Wilcox Ag Drall-parallelstrom-brenner
JPS538824A (en) * 1976-07-14 1978-01-26 Daido Steel Co Ltd Improved burning-ga-self-circulation syle burner
DE2724532A1 (de) * 1977-05-31 1978-12-14 Peabody Environmental Systems Brennervorrichtung fuer oel und/oder gas
DE3048201A1 (de) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-08 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach "brenner zur verminderung der no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-emission"
DE3310500A1 (de) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-04 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Brenner zur verbrennung von staubfoermigen brennstoffen und verfahren zum betrieb einer brennstaubbrennerflamme
EP0137098A1 (fr) * 1983-07-28 1985-04-17 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Brûleur à flamme ajustable
US4551090A (en) * 1980-08-25 1985-11-05 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Burner

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05308824A (ja) * 1992-05-13 1993-11-22 Iseki & Co Ltd 苗植機

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2455110A1 (de) * 1974-11-21 1976-05-26 Babcock & Wilcox Ag Drall-parallelstrom-brenner
JPS538824A (en) * 1976-07-14 1978-01-26 Daido Steel Co Ltd Improved burning-ga-self-circulation syle burner
DE2724532A1 (de) * 1977-05-31 1978-12-14 Peabody Environmental Systems Brennervorrichtung fuer oel und/oder gas
US4551090A (en) * 1980-08-25 1985-11-05 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Burner
DE3048201A1 (de) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-08 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach "brenner zur verminderung der no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-emission"
DE3310500A1 (de) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-04 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Brenner zur verbrennung von staubfoermigen brennstoffen und verfahren zum betrieb einer brennstaubbrennerflamme
EP0137098A1 (fr) * 1983-07-28 1985-04-17 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Brûleur à flamme ajustable

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2 no. 50 (M-78) [364] ,10.April 1978 & JP-A-53 008824 (DAIDO SEIKO) 26.Januar 1978, *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1048897A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 "Dumag" OHG., Dr.techn. Ludwig Kaluza & Co Brûleur
FR2853953A1 (fr) * 2003-04-18 2004-10-22 Air Liquide Procede de combustion etagee d'un combustible liquide et d'un oxydant dans un four
WO2004094902A1 (fr) * 2003-04-18 2004-11-04 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de combustion etagee d'un combustible liquide et d'un oxydant dans un four
EP1998112A2 (fr) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-03 Hitachi Power Europe GmbH Brûleur destiné à la combustion d'un gas à faible capacité calorifique
EP1998112A3 (fr) * 2007-05-29 2010-05-05 Hitachi Power Europe GmbH Brûleur destiné à la combustion d'un gas à faible capacité calorifique
WO2012098174A1 (fr) 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Fortum Oyj Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion de gaz pauvre dans une chaudière de centrale
EP2479491A1 (fr) 2011-01-20 2012-07-25 Fortum OYJ Procédé et brûleur pour brûler du gaz pauvre dans une chaudière de centrale électrique
RU2642997C2 (ru) * 2015-04-14 2018-01-29 Фортум Оюй Газовая горелка с низким содержанием оксидов азота и способ сжигания топливного газа
CN107477572A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-15 哈尔滨工业大学 采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置
CN107559822A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 中心给粉旋流煤粉燃器和燃尽风布置结构
CN107559818A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 采用预燃室及双层射流分离二次风的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置
CN109631018A (zh) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种用于工业煤粉锅炉的渐扩式防结渣燃烧器
CN111853775A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2020-10-30 上海全颉环境设备有限公司 具有内部再循环的燃烧头和包含这种燃烧头的燃烧器
CN110296435A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-01 江苏大学 一种多功能可调节的低污染燃烧可视化装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0639742A3 (fr) 1995-09-13
DE4328130A1 (de) 1995-02-23

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