CN107477572A - 采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置 - Google Patents
采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107477572A CN107477572A CN201710861235.3A CN201710861235A CN107477572A CN 107477572 A CN107477572 A CN 107477572A CN 201710861235 A CN201710861235 A CN 201710861235A CN 107477572 A CN107477572 A CN 107477572A
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
Abstract
采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置，它涉及一种煤粉燃烧装置。本发明解决了现有的煤粉燃烧装置在变煤种、变负荷条件下NOx减排效果差、容易导致炉膛内结渣的问题。所述旋流内二次风管内安装有第一轴向旋流叶片，所述旋流外二次风管内装有第二轴向旋流叶片，旋流煤粉燃烧器各风管喷口与炉膛内壁平齐；所述一次风管内输送高浓度煤粉气流；多个分离二次风管双层环向布置在旋流煤粉燃烧器周边，每层分离二次风管出口中心所在圆与旋流燃烧器同轴布置，两层分离二次风管相互均匀交错设置，每个分离二次风管管径一致设置且其出口端与炉膛内壁平齐；分离二次风管的空气入口内设置有分离二次风道挡板。本发明用于工业煤粉锅炉上。
Description
采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种工业锅炉煤粉燃烧装置，具体涉及一种采用分离二次风双层射流 的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置。
背景技术
[0002] 燃煤工业锅炉占我国工业锅炉数量的80%以上，其中以采用火床燃烧方式的链条 炉居多。链条炉燃烧的特点是将块状的固体燃料铺在运动的炉排上燃烧，由于煤块的燃烧 不是很充分，导致其燃烧效率非常低，平均热效率仅为65 %左右。相比链条炉，采用粉状悬 浮燃烧方式的煤粉炉则具有较高的热效率，其锅炉效率可以达到90%〜93%。煤粉炉作为 现代大中型电站锅炉的主要型式，在工业锅炉上却应用得极少。
[0003] 近年来，随着煤粉加工、运输及储存技术的发展，以及煤粉燃烧技术的不断成熟， 燃用煤粉的中小型工业锅炉得以不断发展。虽然工业煤粉锅炉比传统的链条炉具有更高的 热效率，但受到炉膛尺寸及燃烧方式的限制，现有中小型工业煤粉锅炉存在N0X排放量高、 炉膛易结渣等问题。针对工业煤粉锅炉的研宄，以德国为主的发达国家在过去的3〇多年中 形成了 Dr • Schoppe、HM、Pi 1 lard及Saacke等不同的技术流派。其中Saacke生产的CONOx-UCC 燃烧机采用分段送风多级燃烧技术，通过在直流环形一次风内、外分别布置一层旋流二次 风，在预燃室四周环形布置多个直流三次风喷口，实现空气径向分级燃烧。
[0004] 目前我国用于工业煤粉锅炉上的设置有多级配风的煤粉燃烧装置，专利号为 201120307199.4、授权公告日为2012年5月23日、授权公告号为CN200009175U的《一种设有 三级配风燃烧系统的锅炉》实用新型专利，公开了在炉膛立式布置时仅有一圈环向布置的 三次风管，实际运行表明，该专利提出的燃烧装置在变煤种、变负荷条件下N〇x减排效果差、 容易导致炉膛内结渣。
[0005] 受煤炭产量、价格等客观条件限制，我国工业煤粉锅炉燃用的煤种常常偏离设计 煤种;用于供暖的工业煤粉锅炉受季节和昼夜温差限制，锅炉经常变负荷运行;变煤种、变 负荷的运行方式不利于工业煤粉锅炉降低N〇x排放量以及防止炉内结渣。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明为解决现有的煤粉燃烧装置在变煤种、变负荷条件下N0X减排效果差、容易 导致炉膛内结渣的问题，进而提供一种采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧 装置。
[0007] 本发明为解决上述技术问题采取的技术方案是：
[0008] 本发明的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置包括旋流煤粉 燃烧器1、多个分离二次风管2和多个分离二次风挡板3;旋流煤粉燃烧器1设置在锅炉的前 墙4上或位于立式锅炉的炉顶5,所述旋流煤粉燃烧器1包括一次风管1-1、旋流内二次风管 1-2和旋流外二次风管1-3，所述一次风管1-1设置在旋流内二次风管1-2内且位于旋流内二 次风管1-2中心位置，所述旋流内二次风管1_2设在旋流外二次风管1-3内，一次风管1-1、旋 流内二次风管1-2和旋流外二次风管1_3均同轴设置，所述旋流内二次风管1-2内安装有第 一轴向旋流叶片1-4,所述旋流外二次风管1-3内装有第二轴向旋流叶片1-5,旋流煤粉燃烧 器1各风管喷口与炉膛6内壁平齐;所述一次风管1-1内输送高浓度煤粉气流;多个分离二次 风管2双层环向布置在旋流煤粉燃烧器1周边，每层分离二次风管2出口中心所在圆与旋流 燃烧器1同轴布置，两层分离二次风管2相互均匀交错设置，每个分离二次风管2管径一致设 置且其出口端与炉膛6内壁平齐;分离二次风管2的空气入口内设置有分离二次风道挡板3， 分离二次风道挡板3用于调节两层分离二次风风率。
[0009] 进一步地，分离二次风管2的轴线与炉膛内壁之间的角度可调，分离二次风管2的 轴线与旋流煤粉燃烧器1的轴线之间的夹角是±30°。
[0010] 进一步地，第一轴向旋流叶片1-4靠近炉膛6内壁的一侧设置。
[0011] 进一步地，第二轴向旋流叶片1-5靠近炉膛6内壁的一侧设置。
[0012] 进一步地，每个分离二次风管2内设置有一个第三轴向旋流叶片。
[0013]本发明的有益效果是：
[0014] 一、本发明有利于在变煤种、变负荷条件下降低N0X生成量 [0015] 1、本发明多个分离二次风管双层环向布置在燃烧器周边，强化空气径向分级燃 烧，分离二次风将主燃区煤粉气流包裹在内并逐渐混入，使煤粉气流长时间在富燃料低氧 还原性气氛中燃烧，大幅度降低N0X排放量;相比单层环向布置的分离二次风，本发明空气 分级程度更强，在保证分离二次风管出口风速在合理范围内的前提下，能将分离二次风占 总风量的比率提高到35%〜55%，进一步强化主燃区还原性。本发明分离二次风道中设有 挡板，能够通过调节各分离二次风道挡板开度灵活调整两层分离二次风风率，更好的控制 空气分级燃烧的程度，相比单层环向布置的分离二次风，当燃用煤种发生变化或锅炉负荷 发生变化时，本发明低负荷时可以关掉一层分离二次风，保证在变煤种、变负荷条件下主燃 区仍然能保持强还原性气氛，煤种适应性好，满足锅炉全负荷N0X排放控制；
[0016] 2、对比Saacke生产的CONOx-UCC燃烧机，本发明装置分离二次风管风量及与炉膛 内壁的角度可调，通过调节两层分离二次风的风率及角度，大大提高了燃烧器的煤种及负 荷适应性，即使在煤种和负荷发生变化时，也能保证锅炉高效低NOx燃烧；
[0017] 3、对比Saacke生产的⑶N0X-UCC燃烧机，本发明装置采用中心给粉燃烧技术，将旋 流内二次风布置在一次风管外，一次风管输送高浓度煤粉气流，煤粉被完全集中在燃烧器 中心喷入炉膛，增大了燃烧器出口中心回流区的煤粉浓度，使煤粉集中在中心回流区还原 性气氛中燃烧，延长了煤粉在还原性气氛中的停留时间，降低了燃烧器中心区域N〇X的生成 量。
[0018] 二、本发明有利于在变煤种、变负荷条件下避免炉内结渣
[0019] 1、扎克⑶N0X-UCC燃烧器在预燃室外环向布置多根三次风管，各三次风管轴线均 与燃烧器中心线平行，各三次风管喷入的平行气流在炉内混合缓慢，容易出现局部高氧浓 度区域，导致局部生成大量NOx;本发明多个分离二次风管双层环向布置在燃烧器周边，两 层分离二次风管相互均匀交错，各分离二次风管轴线可与炉膛内壁呈一定角度，使分离二 次风形成一组旋转射流进入炉膛，进一步加大了分离二次风径向上的射流范围，强化了径 向空气分级，使水冷壁附近区域温度下降，形成相对较强的氧化性气氛，灰的熔点升高，有 效地防止水冷壁结渣;旋转的分离二次风在水冷壁附近形成强烈的扰动，吹扫炉膛内壁，起 到了清灰的作用，避免了因为受热面积灰过多而引起的结渣。当燃用煤种发生变化或锅炉 处于不同负荷时，炉内火焰形状发生变化，相比单层环向布置的分离二次风，本发明能够通 过调节各分离二次风道挡板开度灵活调整两层分离二次风风率，控制火焰形状，避免火焰 扫墙而引起结渣；
[0020] 2、扎克⑶N0X-UCC燃烧机将高浓度煤粉气流环形给入炉内，在旋转的内二次风的 导向作用下煤粉气流迅速向外二次风区域扩开，容易被旋转的二次风甩到燃烧器周围水冷 壁上。本发明燃烧器采用一次风管输送高浓度煤粉气流，煤粉被完全集中在燃烧器中心喷 入炉膛，防止煤粉被旋转的二次风甩到水冷壁上，从而有效避免燃烧器周围水冷壁结渣和 高温腐蚀的发生。
附图说明
[0021] 图1是本发明的炉膛卧式布置时的燃烧系统布置图；
[0022] 图2是本发明的炉膛立式布置时的燃烧系统布置图；
[0023]图3是本发明具体实施方式二中各分离二次风管调至轴线与炉膛内壁不垂直布置 的状态的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0024]具体实施方式一:如图1〜2所示，本实施方式的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心 给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置包括旋流煤粉燃烧器1、多个分离二次风管2和多个分离二次风挡板 3;旋流煤粉燃烧器1设置在锅炉的前墙4上或位于立式锅炉的炉顶5,所述旋流煤粉燃烧器1 包括一次风管1-1、旋流内二次风管1-2和旋流外二次风管1-3,所述一次风管1-1设置在旋 流内二次风管1_2内且位于旋流内二次风管1-2中心位置，所述旋流内二次风管1-2设在旋 流外二次风管1_3内，一次风管1-1、旋流内二次风管1-2和旋流外二次风管1-3均同轴设置， 所述旋流内二次风管1 -2内安装有第一轴向旋流叶片1-4,所述旋流外二次风管1 -3内装有 第二轴向旋流叶片1-5,旋流煤粉燃烧器1各风管喷口与炉膛6内壁平齐;所述一次风管1-1 内输送高浓度煤粉气流;多个分离二次风管2双层环向布置在旋流煤粉燃烧器1周边，每层 分离二次风管2出口中心所在圆与旋流燃烧器1同轴布置，两层分离二次风管2相互均匀交 错设置，每个分离二次风管2管径一致设置且其出口端与炉膛6内壁平齐;分离二次风管2的 空气入口内设置有分离二次风道挡板3，分离二次风道挡板3用于调节两层分离二次风风 率。
[0025]煤粉气流通过旋流煤粉燃烧器1形成旋转射流进入炉膛6，旋转射流在气流中心形 成回流区，卷吸炉内高温烟气加热并点燃煤粉气流燃烧;分离二次风经双层分离二次风管2 送入炉膛6，分离二次风率为35%〜55%，主燃区未燃尽的煤粉颗粒与分离二次风混合进一 步燃烧。
[0026]具体实$方式二:如图3所示，本实施方式分离二次风管2的轴线与炉膛内壁之间 的角度可调，分离二次风管2的轴线与旋流煤粉燃烧器1的轴线之间的夹角是±30。。如此设 计，使得分离二次风形成旋转射流进入炉膛6。其它组成及连接关系与具体实施方式一相 同。
[0027]具体实施方式三:如图1〜3所示，本实施方式第一轴向旋流叶片1-4靠近炉膛6内 壁的一侧设置。如此设计，可以调节旋流外二次风管1-3内的旋流强度。其它组成及连接关 系与具体实施方式一或二相同。
[0028]
具体实施方式四：如图1〜3所示，本实施方式第二轴向旋流叶片1-5靠近炉膛6内 壁的一侧设置。如此设计，可以调节旋流内二次风管1-2内的旋流强度。其它组成及连接关 系与具体实施方式三相同。
[0029]具体实施方式五：如图1所示，本实施方式每个分离二次风管2内设置有一个第三 轴向旋流叶片。如此设计，可以调节各个分离二次风管2内的旋流强度。其它组成及连接关 系与具体实施方式一、二或四相同。
Claims (5)
1.一种采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置，所述旋流煤粉燃烧驗 置包括旋流煤粉燃烧器(1)、多个分离二次风管(2)和多个分离二次风挡板(3);旋流煤粉燃 烧器（1)设置在锅炉的前墙⑷上或位于立式锅炉的炉顶(5)，所述旋流煤粉燃烧器（1)包^ 一次风管（1-1)、旋流内二次风管（1-2)和旋流外二次风管（I-3)，所述一次风管（1-1)设置 在旋流内二次风管（1_2)内且位于旋流内二次风管（卜2)中心位置，所述旋流内二次风管 (1-2)设在旋流外二次风管（1-3)内，一次风管（1-1)、旋流内二次风管（1_2)和旋流外二次 风管（1-3)均同轴设置，所述旋流内二次风管（1-2)内安装有第一轴向旋流叶片（1-4)，所述 旋流外二次风管（1-3)内装有第二轴向旋流叶片（1-5)，旋流煤粉燃烧器1各风管喷口与炉 膛6内壁平齐;其特征在于:所述一次风管1-1内输送高浓度煤粉气流;多个分离二次风管 (2)双层环向布置在旋流煤粉燃烧器(1)周边，每层分离二次风管(2)出口中心所在圆与旋 流燃烧器(1)同轴布置，两层分离二次风管⑵相互均匀交错设置，每个分离二次风管(2^管 径一致设置且其出口端与炉膛⑹内壁平齐;分离二次风管⑵的空气入口内设置有分离二 次风道挡板(3)，分离二次风道挡板(3)用于调节两层分离二次风风率。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置，其 特征在于:分离二次风管(2)的轴线与炉膛内壁之间的角度可调，分离二次风管(2)的轴线 与旋流煤粉燃烧器(1)的轴线之间的夹角是± 3〇°。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置， 其特征在于:第一轴向旋流叶片(1-4)靠近炉膛⑹内壁的一侧设置。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装置，其 特征在于:第二轴向旋流叶片（1-5)靠近炉膛⑹内壁的一侧设置。
5. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的采用分离二次风双层射流的中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧装 置，其特征在于:每个分离二次风管(2)内设置有一个第三轴向旋流叶片。
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| CN109631023A (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 采用烟气再循环多次径向分级具有预燃室的旋流燃烧装置 |
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