EP0639451B1 - Procédé d'impression utilisant des moyens ferroélectriques - Google Patents

Procédé d'impression utilisant des moyens ferroélectriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0639451B1
EP0639451B1 EP94112675A EP94112675A EP0639451B1 EP 0639451 B1 EP0639451 B1 EP 0639451B1 EP 94112675 A EP94112675 A EP 94112675A EP 94112675 A EP94112675 A EP 94112675A EP 0639451 B1 EP0639451 B1 EP 0639451B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
temperature
process according
toner
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94112675A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0639451A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dr. Hirt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication of EP0639451A1 publication Critical patent/EP0639451A1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1058—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by providing a magnetic pattern, a ferroelectric pattern or a semiconductive pattern, e.g. by electrophotography

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for the reproduction of an image by means of a printing form which has a layer of a ferroelectric material on the surface.
  • DE 38 35 091 C2 already discloses a method for reproducing a ferroelectric image template, in which electrically charged toner particles are used.
  • the ferroelectric material can be polarized differently in very narrow areas, so that prints with very high resolution are possible with single-color toners and that when using two colors with differently charged particles, i. that is, one color contains positive and the other color contains negatively charged toner particles, two colors can be applied at the same time with one print, so that low numbers of passes are necessary for colored prints.
  • the printing form is suitable for the use of dry toners as well as toners dissolved in fountain solutions as carriers. At which temperatures the printing form is polarized is not disclosed.
  • new charge carriers are continuously applied to the printing form to increase the contrast, so that more can be stored at the polarized points, which toner is released to the print carrier when the toner image is released.
  • Ferroelectric material is characterized in that its micro building blocks, i. H. its unit cells have a stable electrical dipole moment that can be aligned in an electrical field.
  • Ferroelectrics are, for example, inorganic ceramic materials with an asymmetrical perovskite structure, such as. B. barium titanate, lead zirconate and mixed structures thereof or organic substances, such as. B. polyvinylidene fluoride with C-F chains as elementary dipoles.
  • the inorganic ferroelectrics have structures in which the unit cells are so asymmetrically arranged that two energetically equivalent and structurally identical modifications, i. H. enantiomorphic modifications exist which can only be transferred from one state to the other by the supply of energy, e.g. B. by the action of external forces, for example an electrical field, or by thermal energy.
  • ferroelectric If the ferroelectric is polarized below its Curie temperature, the electrical field generated by the alignment of its dipoles cannot continue on the material surface; Since there are no self-contained electric field lines, but always end at charges, a layer of surface charges forms on both surfaces of the ferroelectric layer, which stabilize the field inside the ferroelectric.
  • a polarized ferroelectric plate is therefore, even after removal of electrodes that may be used for polarization, similar to an electrical capacitor, on the electrodes of which there are surface charges that are bound in a fixed manner by the internal electrical field.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hysteresis curve of a ferroelectric.
  • the surface charge density of the electrical charge flowing onto the surface of the ferroelectric is as Function of the electric field E present in the interior of the ferroelectric is shown.
  • the polarity of a ferroelectric the randomly distributed in a macroscopically neutral state, in the positively polarized state that is called.
  • Virgin curve 1 from a point 0 through to a point A 1.
  • the material remains in a stable, polarized state P 1 .
  • the curve is traversed from the point P 1 via a point A 2 to a point P 2 . This process is reversible and can be repeated any number of times.
  • the pixels of the ferroelectric are, for example, in a state P 1 , while the background areas, ie the non-image areas, are in the state P 2 .
  • Reverse polarization is also possible. It is also possible that only the image areas are polarized positively or negatively and the non-image areas are neutral.
  • the printing form 30 receives toner from a toner application roller 4, which the toner application roller 4 in turn receives from a toner reservoir 5.
  • the toner reservoir 5 contains a toner supply 50, which is kept at a certain, fixed level via a toner feed 51.
  • Via a toner discharge 52 toner not taken up by the toner application roller 4 is fed to a filter arrangement, not shown here, and returns to the toner reservoir 5 via the toner feed 51.
  • Toner particles, which are imaged on the form cylinder 3 on the surface of the printing form 30, are transferred via a transfer cylinder 6 to the printing material web 2, the transfer cylinder 6 pressing the printing material web 2 against a printing cylinder 7.
  • charge sources 11, 12 are arranged next to the forme cylinder 3 and charge the surface of the printing form 3 either positively or negatively.
  • charge sources such. B. corona discharges, contacting dielectric or weakly electrically conductive layers or pixel-separated individual electrodes possible.
  • the charge sources 11, 12 are either the same with which the printing form 30 was previously polarized imagewise, or, as shown in FIG. 4, other charge sources 11, 12.
  • the printing form 30 is charged with negative charge carriers, then the ferroelectric traverses a polarization curve 15 from the point P 2 'to the point A 2. Once the point A 2 has been reached again, this can be done Ferroelectric can be charged positively again until point B 2 is reached. The same applies to a lesser extent for the point B1.
  • the contrast increase is effected in connection with the image generation.
  • the printing form 30 is negatively polarized on its entire surface by a first electrode and additionally negatively charged with negative charge carriers (electrons) by an amount ⁇ P and brought to a potential E 3 (point B 3 ).
  • the number of free charges on the surface of the printing form can be increased by heat.
  • the printing form is imaged at a temperature T 1 , for example at 20 ° C.
  • the entire printing device is preferably thermostatted at this temperature. For this purpose, it is arranged, for example, in a closed room.
  • the printing form 30 (FIG. 3) is brought from its outer surface to a higher temperature T 2 , for example 25 ° C., by a heater 9 and is kept at this temperature. It should be noted that this temperature T 2 is below the Curie temperature of the respective ferroelectric.
  • the increased temperature increases the number of surface charges on the surface of printing form 30.
  • the charge required to compensate for the internal electric field according to FIG. 1 is temperature-dependent, ie less compensation charge is required at higher temperatures. If polarization was carried out at low temperature, the compensation charge that is not required is released when the temperature rises. So there are free positive charges in the positively polarized area, free negative charges in the negatively polarized area.
  • the contrast ie the potential difference between the positively and negatively polarized areas
  • the particles are positively charged, for example, more toner particles are deposited on negatively charged image areas and background tones are avoided.
  • the increased contrast voltage between the image and background areas thus produces a better optical contrast between the image and background areas, ie a denser toner layer in the print areas with a toner-free background.
  • This effect can be used for a large number of printing processes, for example 1000 prints. However, it can not be completely prevented that parts of the Surface charge on the printing form 30 are entrained by toner particles on the transfer cylinder 6 and from this onto the printing material web 2.
  • a cooling device 10 is preferably arranged on the side of the forme cylinder 3. This cools the printing form 30 either before or after the toner is released onto the transfer cylinder 6.
  • the free surface charge is bound again as a compensation charge due to the reversible pyroelectric effect.
  • the required compensation charge is transferred from the surrounding medium to the surface and bound in place.
  • the compensation charge required for this pyroelectric effect is transferred from the surrounding medium, for example the air, to the surface and bound there in a stationary manner.
  • the printing form 30 assumes a temperature T 3 which is below the temperature T 2 .
  • the printing form 30 is heated up again by the heater 9 to the temperature T 2 , and there is again an excess charge on the surface, which causes the above-described effect of contrast enhancement.
  • the cooling process can either take place continuously or at certain time intervals after a predetermined number of prints if the number of free surface charges has decreased accordingly. With continuous cooling it is also achieved that the amount of heat supplied by the heater can be removed again.
  • any other supply device for applying the toner 50 e.g. a tape, find use.
  • the cooling of the printing form 30 caused by the evaporation of the heat of evaporation may also be sufficient.
  • the heater 9 it is also possible to heat the surface of the printing form 30 by immersing it in a toner bath of a liquid toner, this toner liquid being heated to a temperature T 2 .
  • the number of available charges on the surface of the printing form 30 can also be increased by exerting a mechanical force thereon. This takes place, for example, in that the toner application roller 4 is pressed against the forme cylinder 3 with a specific, predetermined pressure p (FIG. 3).
  • the free surface charge is created here by the piezoelectric effect effective in ferroelectric materials.
  • the devices according to FIGS. 2 to 3 can advantageously be used if toner and removal electrodes 13, 14 as shown in FIG. 4 are also present.
  • These electrodes 13, 14 are located at a certain distance from the surface of the printing form 30 and influence the toner acceptance on the surface of the printing form 30.
  • a negatively charged electrode 13 repels negatively charged toner particles from the electrode 13 and makes them stronger and faster accepted positively charged image areas on the printing form 30.
  • the electrode 14 which, if it is positively charged, the better prevents the accumulation of the negatively charged toner particles in non-image areas which are also negatively charged. This also increases the contrast between image and non-image areas and avoids background toner.
  • methods are created by means of which the number of charges available on the surface of a printing form 30 with a ferroelectric layer can be increased, ie the potential difference between image and non-image areas is increased.
  • the temperature on the surface of the Printing form 30 is increased compared to the temperature at which it was polarized, or a mechanical load is exerted on the form cylinder 3 for toner transfer, or charge carriers are applied over the entire area to the printing form 30, as a result of which a potential difference between positively and negatively polarized regions arises, leads to an increase in contrast between image and non-image areas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour dupliquer une image originale à l'aide d'une forme d'impression (30), qui possède une couche d'un matériau ferroélectrique, selon lequel la couche est polarisée en fonction d'une image à imprimer, à une première température (T1), et selon lequel des particules chargées électriquement s'accumulent sur la surface du matériau ferroélectrique, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir été polarisée, la forme d'impression (30) est chargée en supplément avec des charges électriques par une source de porteurs de charges, pour accroître, conformément à l'image, le nombre des charges superficielles sur la couche.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une électrode positive (11) ou une électrode négative (12) est disposée à proximité de la couche, de manière à délivrer des charges à la surface de cette couche.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la charge est transmise par une couche diélectrique, non électriquement conductrice.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche est chargée avec des charges au moyen d'une décharge par effet couronne ou à l'aide d'une électrode (11,12) qui est en contact avec la surface de la couche.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que pour la compensation de densités différentes de porteurs de charges dans des charges surperficielles libres dans les zones de l'image et dans les zones ne comportant pas d'image, les zones contenant l'image et les zones ne comportant pas l'image sont chargées avec des charges opposées et ensuite sont à nouveau chargées avec les charges électriques prévues.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la charge sur la couche diélectrique est produite par frottement, par contact avec les électrodes (11,12) ou au moyen d'une charge par effet couronne.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir été polarisée, la forme d'impression (30) est chauffée à une seconde température supérieure (T2) inférieure à la température de Curie, et qu'à cette température, les particules s'accumulent sur la surface de la couche et ensuite sont transférées à un matériau à imprimer (2).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la forme d'impression (30) est mise en température conjointement avec la couche, à la seconde température (T2).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'accumulation des particules sur la surface de la couche, cette dernière est refroidie à une troisième température (T3), qui est inférieure à la seconde température (T2), à laquelle les particules se sont accumulées sur la couche, et que la couche est à nouveau chauffée à la seconde température (T2), pour une nouvelle réception de particules.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les particules chargées sont contenues dans un liquide, qu'après l'accumulation des particules, la couche est refroidie par vaporisation du liquide entraîné par sa surface, à une troisième température (T3), qui est inférieure à la seconde température (T2), à laquelle les particules se sont accumulées, et que pour une nouvelle réception des particules, la couche est à nouveau chauffée à la seconde température (T2).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la couche est chauffée par immersion dans un bain de toner mis en température à la seconde température (T2).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que pour accroître, en fonction de l'image, le nombre des charges superficielles sur la couche, une force mécanique est appliquée à la surface de la couche pendant l'accumulation des particules.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la forme d'impression (30) est disposée sur l'enveloppe cylindrique d'un cylindre porte-cliché (3), que le toner est déposé sur le cylindre porte-cliché (3) par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif d'amenée, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'un cylindre (4) d'application du toner, et que le cylindre (4) d'application du toner est repoussé contre le cylindre porte-cliché (3) et par conséquent contre la couche.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'une électrode de dépôt de toner et/ou une électrode d'enlèvement de toner (13,14) servant à accroître le dépôt de toner dans les zones contenant l'image et à affaiblir le dépôt de toner dans les zones ne contenant pas d'image sont disposées à proximité de la surface de la couche et écartent le toner, en fonction de cette charge, de la surface de la forme d'impression (30) ou le compriment fermement sur cette surface.
  15. Procédé pour former une image sur une forme d'impression (30), qui possède une couche formée d'un matériau ferroélectrique, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de la surface de la forme d'impression est polarisé par une première électrode (11) dans une première direction de polarisation (ΔP, E3) et en outre est chargé électriquement, et qu'ensuite les zones contenant l'image sont polarisées par une seconde électrode (12) dans la direction de polarisation opposée et en outre sont chargées électriquement (ΔP, E1) dans la même direction.
EP94112675A 1993-08-20 1994-08-13 Procédé d'impression utilisant des moyens ferroélectriques Expired - Lifetime EP0639451B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4328037A DE4328037A1 (de) 1993-08-20 1993-08-20 Druckverfahren mit Ferroelektrika
DE4328037 1993-08-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0639451A1 EP0639451A1 (fr) 1995-02-22
EP0639451B1 true EP0639451B1 (fr) 1997-06-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94112675A Expired - Lifetime EP0639451B1 (fr) 1993-08-20 1994-08-13 Procédé d'impression utilisant des moyens ferroélectriques

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US (1) US5580688A (fr)
EP (1) EP0639451B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2728367B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2130631C (fr)
DE (2) DE4328037A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10125257A1 (de) * 2001-05-23 2002-12-12 Roland Man Druckmasch Kurzfarbwerk für eine Rotationsdruckmaschine und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Farbspaltung in einem solchen Kurzfarbwerk

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09254442A (ja) * 1996-03-19 1997-09-30 Sharp Corp 像形成装置
AUPO875197A0 (en) * 1997-08-22 1997-09-18 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd Method of and means for self-fixed printing from ferro- electric recording member
JP2002006649A (ja) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-11 Sharp Corp 画像形成装置
DE102019108765A1 (de) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Koenig & Bauer Ag Druckmaschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Druckprodukten

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2914403A (en) * 1955-05-17 1959-11-24 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3899969A (en) * 1973-08-06 1975-08-19 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Printing using pyroelectric film
DE2530290A1 (de) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-22 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kopieren
JPS6318369A (ja) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-26 Toshiba Corp 画像記録装置
JPS6318368A (ja) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-26 Toshiba Corp 画像記録装置
US4850680A (en) * 1986-09-19 1989-07-25 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal device with a ferroelectric film
DE3633758A1 (de) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-07 Man Technologie Gmbh Druckmaschine
DE3835091A1 (de) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Roland Man Druckmasch Druckform
DE4106353A1 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-03 Basf Ag Reversible oder irreversible erzeugung einer abbildung
JPH05224491A (ja) * 1991-09-25 1993-09-03 Ricoh Co Ltd 画像記録方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10125257A1 (de) * 2001-05-23 2002-12-12 Roland Man Druckmasch Kurzfarbwerk für eine Rotationsdruckmaschine und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Farbspaltung in einem solchen Kurzfarbwerk
DE10125257B4 (de) * 2001-05-23 2005-08-11 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Kurzfarbwerk für eine Rotationsdruckmaschine und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Farbspaltung in einem solchen Kurzfarbwerk

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2130631A1 (fr) 1995-02-21
CA2130631C (fr) 1998-07-14
JPH0777861A (ja) 1995-03-20
DE59402990D1 (de) 1997-07-10
DE4328037A1 (de) 1995-03-02
JP2728367B2 (ja) 1998-03-18
EP0639451A1 (fr) 1995-02-22
US5580688A (en) 1996-12-03

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