EP0635919B1 - Überspannungsschutzelement - Google Patents
Überspannungsschutzelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635919B1 EP0635919B1 EP94108276A EP94108276A EP0635919B1 EP 0635919 B1 EP0635919 B1 EP 0635919B1 EP 94108276 A EP94108276 A EP 94108276A EP 94108276 A EP94108276 A EP 94108276A EP 0635919 B1 EP0635919 B1 EP 0635919B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- spark
- protection element
- overvoltage protection
- element according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
Definitions
- the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element for the derivation of transients Surges, with two electrodes, one effective between the electrodes Air breakdown spark gap and a housing that receives the electrodes, where each electrode has one lead leg and one at an acute angle the connecting leg has a spark horn and the spark horns both - spaced apart - electrodes together the air breakdown spark gap form and with the spark horns of the electrodes in provide their areas adjacent to the connecting leg with a bore are.
- Surge protection elements of the type from which the invention is based that is to say those with an air breakdown spark gap, have overvoltage protection elements with an air flashover spark gap the advantage of a higher one Surge current carrying capacity, but the disadvantage of a higher one - and not particularly constant - response voltage.
- the invention is based on the object, the overvoltage protection element, from which the invention is based, overall in its surge protection behavior to improve, especially with regard to the response voltage, the lightning impulse current and line follow current carrying capacity behavior and line follow current deletion behavior.
- the task outlined above is first and essentially accomplished, that between the opposite ends of the connecting leg of the two Electrodes an ignition aid - which triggers a sliding discharge - is provided and the Ignition aid into the center of the holes or slightly more into the air breakdown spark gap protrudes.
- an auxiliary air flashover spark gap integrated with the holes in interacts with the spark horns of the electrodes.
- the integrated auxiliary air arcing spark gap has a relatively constant and above all, lower response voltage than that of the actual surge protection serving air breakdown spark gap. Once addressed, at one relatively constant low response voltage, leads the ignited auxiliary air arcing spark gap to a "sudden" ignition of the air breakdown spark gap with a relatively high current carrying capacity, i.e. high lightning impulse current and Mains current carrying capacity.
- a relatively high current carrying capacity i.e. high lightning impulse current and Mains current carrying capacity.
- the housing at least partially made of a plastic that does not contain carbon when burned emits, or is at least partially lined with such a plastic.
- the housing is problematic. In particular, it happens very much because of the response that arises hot arc to burn the plastic and thus to an enormous Release of carbon. This leads to the electrodes becoming dirty and there is no longer any insulation resistance.
- the enormous proportion of carbon in the gas mixture the extinguishing behavior of the electrodes. The one before Disadvantages described do not occur, of course, if the housing at least partially consists of a plastic that when heated or Combustion does not give off carbon, or if the housing is at least partially is lined with such a plastic.
- Surge protection element is characterized in that the side walls of the housing relatively close to the spark horns of the electrodes are. This teaching results in an extraordinarily good atmospheric blowing of the Arc on. It runs very quickly to the tips of the spark horns, so it eats itself not stuck in the ignition area.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Surge protection element characterized in that the spark horns the housing cover of electrically conductive material adjacent to the electrodes, preferably consists of copper tungsten, in which case the distance is usually between the ends of the spark horns of the electrodes adjacent to the housing cover and the housing cover is chosen so that between the housing cover Arcing occurs between adjacent ends of the spark horns and the housing cover can.
- the arc travels with this surge protection element first from the ignition area to the tips of the spark horns. Then form between the tips of the spark horns and that of electrically conductive material existing housing cover two arcs. The resulting conductor loop ensures that the two arcs are driven behind the spark horns will.
- FIG. 5 and 6 and 7 to 10 - illustrated surge protection element 1 is used for dissipation of transient overvoltages and for limiting surge currents and consists in its essential structure of two electrodes 2, one between the Electrodes 2 effective air breakdown spark gap 3 and one of the electrodes 2 receiving housing 4.
- Each electrode 2 has a connecting leg 5 and a spark horn running at an acute angle to the connecting leg 5 6 on. 1 to 3 and 6 show, the acute angle relates between the connecting leg 5 and the spark horn 6 on the functional surface of the Spark horns 6.
- the spark horns 6 of the two are spaced apart Electrodes 2 together form the air breakdown spark gap 3. that the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 in the manner explained above the air breakdown spark gap is at an acute angle to the connecting legs 5 3 executed at an acute angle; the angle between each other facing spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 is preferably about 30 °.
- the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 are in their areas adjacent to the connecting leg 5 with a parallel to the connecting legs 5 extending bore 7 provided in the embodiment are realized in the center of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 (cf. in particular 4 and 5).
- FIG. 2 shows an electrode 2 in which the spark horn 6 has two bores 7 provided one above the other; compared to the electrode 2 1 is in the electrode 2 of FIG. 2 below the bore 7 with which the. 1, a further bore 7 is realized.
- holes 7 ensure that at the moment the response of the overvoltage protection element 1, ie the ignition, the resultant Arc next to the holes 7 by a thermal and / or electrical and / or magnetic pressure and / or force effect is "set in motion", thus migrates away from its point of origin.
- the figures show that in the illustrated embodiment the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 on both sides with a chamfer 8 are provided, are convex on their mutually facing sides and on their sides facing away from one another with the spark horns transverse to the longitudinal extent 6 extending slots 9 are provided; instead of the shown transverse Slots 9 are also possible.
- the chamfering of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 prevents material abrasion on the edges of the Spark horns 6 is coming.
- arcing arises preferably in the center of the spark horns 6 arises and in the middle of the ends or tips of the spark horns 6 running.
- the overvoltage protection element 1 there is between the opposite ends of the connecting leg 5 of the two electrodes 2 a - a sliding discharge triggering - ignition aid 10 is provided, which preferably from egg.
- an insulating material that is present in the event of a change in state, for example heating does not emit carbon to a detrimental extent, and the in the air breakdown spark gap formed by the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 3 protrudes, namely to the middle of the holes 7.
- the Ignition aid 10 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, on their air breakdown spark gap 3 facing side V-shaped and with one into the air breakdown spark gap 3 reaching narrow slot 11 provided.
- the slot 11 in the ignition aid 10 has a positive influence on the response voltage.
- an overvoltage protection element according to the invention 1 is, as it were, in the measures described above the narrowest part of the air breakdown spark gap 3, i.e. where there is a response or ignition takes place, an auxiliary air flashover spark gap is integrated.
- This integrated auxiliary air arcing spark gap has a relatively constant and above all, lower response voltage than that of the actual surge protection serving air breakdown spark gap 3. Once addressed, at one relatively constant low response voltage, leads the ignited auxiliary air arcing spark gap to a "sudden" ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 3 with a relatively high current carrying capacity.
- housing 4 Special measures are also implemented with regard to the housing 4. It applies namely, what is not shown that the housing 4 is partially made of a plastic exists that does not give off carbon when heated or burned or is partially lined with such a plastic. The ones described earlier Problems that arise when the housing is made of plastic, which releases carbon when heated or burned are therefore eliminated.
- Surge protection element 1 also applies that the spark horns 6 Electrodes 2 adjacent housing cover 13 made of electrically conductive material, preferably consists of erosion-resistant material, in particular of copper tungsten. Then there is the distance between the ends adjacent to the housing cover 13 the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 and the housing cover 13 are selected that between the ends of the spark horns 6 adjacent to the housing cover 13 and the housing cover 13 arcs can arise.
- Overvoltage protection element 1 arcing initially from the Ignition area at the tips of the spark horns 6. Then form between the Tips of the spark horns 6 and that made of electrically conductive material Housing cover 13 two arcs.
- an inventive Surge protection element 1 to which an electrode according to FIG. 2 belongs, thus one in which each spark horn 6 has two bores provided one above the other 7, the second, lower bore 7 is effective when the Ignition aid 10 burned down between the connecting legs 5 of the electrodes 2 is.
- the second bore 7 thus serves as a kind of security that the invention Surge protection element 1 also works in such a case.
- a preferred embodiment of an inventive Surge protection element 1 is shown only schematically, show the 7 to 10 in constructive detail such a preferred embodiment of a Surge protection element 1 according to the invention. 1 to 6 that the electrodes 2 are shown so that the Air breakdown spark gap 3 opens from bottom to top. Are against in the case of the structural details shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 Embodiment, the electrodes 2 arranged so that the air breakdown spark gap 3 opens from top to bottom.
- the constructive Detail shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 embodiment of an inventive Surge protection element 1 the functionally essential elements, that is Electrodes 2 with the spark horns 6 and the ignition aid 10 are essentially designed as described above in connection with FIGS. 1 to 6 in detail has been so that relevant statements in connection with FIG. 7th to 10 spare. 7 to 10 show above all structural details in relation on the housing 4.
- the housing 4 is a specially designed housing cover 13 assigned.
- This housing cover 13 has a dome-like shape 14 into which a holder 15 receiving the electrodes 2 is inserted.
- the housing cover 13 is connected to the actual housing 2 by internal screws 16.
- the housing 4 at least partially consists of a Plastic consists of no carbon when heated or burned emits or is at least partially lined with such a plastic.
- the housing 4 thus has a lining 17 made of a plastic which does not give off carbon when heated or burned.
- the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 adjacent housing cover 13 made of electrical. consists of conductive material
- the distance between the housing cover 13th adjacent ends of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 and the housing cover 13 is chosen so that between the housing cover 13 adjacent ends of the Spark horns 6 and the housing cover 13 arcs can occur.
- FIGS. 7 to 10 Embodiment achieved in that in the housing 4, the ends of the spark horns 6 opposite the electrodes 2, an insert 19 made of electrically conductive material, again preferably made of erosion-resistant material.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 show that the housing 4- and accordingly the housing cover 13 is asymmetrical.
- the screws 16 with which the Housing cover 1.3 is connected to the housing 4 on the other hand connector body 20th for connecting electrical lines, not shown.
- Below the screws 16, with which the housing cover 13 is connected to the housing 14 Blow-out openings 21 realized.
- FIGS. 7 to 10 The constructional design shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 is also essential to the invention of the housing 4 and the arrangement of the electrodes 2 in the housing 4 and in Housing cover 13, also to the extent that this is only shown in detail in FIGS. 7 to 10 is, also insofar as this is not described before, especially insofar as as claims are not directed to these structural details.
Landscapes
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht einer bevorzugten ersten Ausführungsform einer Elektrode eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspännungsschutzelements,
- Fig. 2
- eine Seitenansicht einer bevorzugten zweiten Ausführungsform einer Elektrode eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements,
- Fig. 3
- eine Seitenansicht von zwei zusammenwirkenden Elektroden nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt durch die Elektroden nach Fig. 3 längs der Linie IV - IV,
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch eine nur schematisch dargestellte bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements,
- Fig. 6
- einen Längsschnitt durch das Überspannungsschutzelement nach Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7
- einen Längsschnitt durch eine detailliert dargestellte bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements,
- Fig. 8
- eine Draufsicht auf das Überspannungsschutzelement nach Fig. 7, teilweise geschnitten,
- Fig. 9
- einen Schnitt durch das Überspannungsschutzelement nach Fig. 7 (längs der Linie IX - IX in Fig. 8) und
- Fig. 10
- einen Schnitt durch das Überspannungsschutzelement nach Fig. 7 (längs der Linie X - X in Fig. 8).
Claims (16)
- Überspannungsschutzelement zur Ableitung von transienten Überspannungen, mit zwei Elektroden (2), einer zwischen den Elektroden (2) wirksamen Luft-Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke (3) und einem die Elektroden (2) aufnehmenden Gehäuse (4), wobei jede Elektrode (2) einen Anschlußschenkel (5) und ein unter einem spitzen Winkel zu dem Anschlußschenkel (5) verlaufendes Funkenhorn (6) aufweist und die Funkenhörner (6) der beiden - mit Abstand zueinander angeordneten - Elektroden (2) zusammen die Luft-Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke (3) bilden, und wobei die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) in ihren an die Anschlußschenkel (5) angrenzenden Bereichen mit einer Bohrung (7) versehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den sich gegenüberstehenden Enden der Anschlußschenkel (5) der beiden Elektroden (2) eine - eine Gleitentladung auslösende - Zündhilfe (10) vorgesehen ist und die Zündhilfe (10) bis in die Mitte der Bohrungen (7) oder geringfügig mehr in die Luft-Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke (3) hineinragt.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündhilfe (10) aus einem Isolierstoff besteht, der bei einer Zustandsänderung, beispielsweise einer Erhitzung, keinen Kohlenstoff in funktionsbeeinträchtigendem Maße abgibt.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach Anspruch loder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündhilfe (10) an ihrer der Luft-Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke (3) zugewandten Seite V-förmig oder konkav ausgebildet ist.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündhilfe (10) mit einem bis in die Luft-Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke (3) reichenden schmalen Schlitz (11) versehen ist.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Winkel zwischen den einander zugewandten Funkenhörnern (6) etwa 30° beträgt.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Funkenhörner (6) eine Breite von weniger als 15 mm, insbesondere von ca. 8 mm aufweisen.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrungen (7) parallel zu den Anschlußschenkeln (5) verlaufen.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrungen (7) mittig in den Funkenhörnern (6) verwirklicht sind.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Funkenhorn (6) jeder Elektrode (2) mit zwei übereinander vorgesehenen Bohrungen (7) versehen ist.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) an beiden Seiten jeweils mit einer Fase (8) oder einer Rundung versehen sind.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) an ihren einander zugewandten Seiten konvex ausgebildet sind.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) an ihren voneinander abgewandten Seiten mit - vorzugsweise quer zur Längserstreckung der Funkenhörner (6) verlaufenden - Schlitzen (9) versehen sind.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (4) zumindest teilweise aus einem Kunststoff besteht, der bei einer Erhitzung bzw. einer Verbrennung keinen Kohlenstoff abgibt oder zumindest teilweise mit einem solchen Kunststoff ausgekleidet ist.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenwandungen (12) des Gehäuses (4) relativ nahe an die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) herangezogen sind, vorzugsweise bis an die Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) herangezogen sind.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der den Funkenhörnern (6) der Elektrode (2) benachbarte Gehäusedeckel (13) aus elektrisch leitendem Material, vorzugsweise aus abbrandfestem Material, insbesondere aus Kupferwolfram besteht.
- Überspannungsschutzelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen den dem Gehäusedeckel (13) benachbarten Enden der Funkenhörner (6) der Elektroden (2) und dem Gehäusedeckel (13) so gewählt ist, daß zwischen den dem Gehäusedeckel (13) benachbarten Enden der Funkenhörner (6) und dem Gehäusedeckel (13) Lichtbögen entstehen können.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97105664A EP0786844B1 (de) | 1993-05-31 | 1994-05-30 | Überspannungsschutzelement |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4317933 | 1993-05-31 | ||
DE4317933 | 1993-05-31 | ||
DE4402615 | 1994-01-28 | ||
DE4402615A DE4402615C3 (de) | 1993-05-31 | 1994-01-28 | Überspannungsschutzelement |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97105664A Division EP0786844B1 (de) | 1993-05-31 | 1994-05-30 | Überspannungsschutzelement |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0635919A2 EP0635919A2 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
EP0635919A3 EP0635919A3 (de) | 1995-07-19 |
EP0635919B1 true EP0635919B1 (de) | 1998-08-05 |
Family
ID=25926327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94108276A Expired - Lifetime EP0635919B1 (de) | 1993-05-31 | 1994-05-30 | Überspannungsschutzelement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0635919B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2888754B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1044952C (de) |
AT (2) | ATE169430T1 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2154431T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2253522Y (zh) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-04-30 | 杜宇峰 | 高能量型电释放器 |
AT405112B (de) * | 1997-02-12 | 1999-05-25 | Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester | Überspannungsableiteinrichtung |
AU1042802A (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-05 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh And Co. | Overvoltage protection device |
DE102004009072A1 (de) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-09-08 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzelement und Zündelement für ein Überspannungsschutzelement |
CN100442624C (zh) * | 2005-03-28 | 2008-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | 由多个火花角构成的过电压保护装置 |
CN102522699B (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-03-12 | 西安交通大学 | 气体环境下棒状三电极高能脉冲放电开关 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH465046A (de) * | 1968-01-11 | 1968-11-15 | Sprecher & Schuh Ag | Löschfunkenstreckenanordnung, insbesondere für Überspannungsableiter |
DE3716997A1 (de) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-12-08 | Phoenix Elekt | Ueberspannungsschutzgeraet |
CA1334990C (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1995-03-28 | John D. Sakich | Modular electrical assemblies with pressure relief |
-
1994
- 1994-04-25 JP JP6086111A patent/JP2888754B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 AT AT94108276T patent/ATE169430T1/de active
- 1994-05-30 AT AT97105664T patent/ATE198813T1/de active
- 1994-05-30 ES ES97105664T patent/ES2154431T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 ES ES94108276T patent/ES2121117T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 EP EP94108276A patent/EP0635919B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-31 CN CN94105940A patent/CN1044952C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1044952C (zh) | 1999-09-01 |
CN1097903A (zh) | 1995-01-25 |
ES2154431T3 (es) | 2001-04-01 |
ATE198813T1 (de) | 2001-02-15 |
EP0635919A3 (de) | 1995-07-19 |
ATE169430T1 (de) | 1998-08-15 |
ES2121117T3 (es) | 1998-11-16 |
JPH07135065A (ja) | 1995-05-23 |
JP2888754B2 (ja) | 1999-05-10 |
EP0635919A2 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
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