EP0630487A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur darstellung eines arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen struktur. - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur darstellung eines arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen struktur.Info
- Publication number
- EP0630487A1 EP0630487A1 EP93905267A EP93905267A EP0630487A1 EP 0630487 A1 EP0630487 A1 EP 0630487A1 EP 93905267 A EP93905267 A EP 93905267A EP 93905267 A EP93905267 A EP 93905267A EP 0630487 A1 EP0630487 A1 EP 0630487A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- displacement path
- plane
- points
- work area
- viewing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
- G02B23/2415—Stereoscopic endoscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/107—Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2063—Acoustic tracking systems, e.g. using ultrasound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/378—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3925—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers ultrasonic
- A61B2090/3929—Active markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for displaying a work area in a three-dimensional structure, in which the work area is depicted with a viewing device.
- the invention further relates to a device for displaying a work area in a three-dimensional structure with a viewing device of the work area.
- the viewing devices When viewing three-dimensional structures with viewing devices, for example with endoscopes or microscopes, the viewing devices sharply depict a plane that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the viewing device and is arranged in the focal plane of the viewing device, so that a viewer is either directly or below Interposition of a camera and a monitor indirectly one level of the three- dimensional structure.
- the three-dimensional structure can be arbitrary, it can be, for example, the inside of a machine, a biological preparation or a human or animal body. These structures are often extremely complicated, so that it is advantageous not to decide only when actually viewing the structure how the viewing device or an instrument is to be advanced in the structure in order to reach a specific point, but rather it proves to be favorable to plan the feed path in advance.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described at the outset by determining the relative positioning of the viewing device relative to the structure, by predetermined the coordinates of a displacement path for an instrument or for the viewing device in the structure, it compares with the respective positioning and shows the displacement path correctly in the illustration of the work area.
- one proceeds in such a way that one level of the structure is successively depicted with the viewing device and the point or points of intersection of the displacement path in the observed level are depicted in the observed level in the depiction of the level observed.
- this level can be calculated with a predetermined displacement path in the structure and thereby it can be exactly determined in which position of the depicted plane the predetermined displacement path penetrates this plane. If the optical axis of the viewing device is arranged exactly in the point of penetration of the predetermined displacement path, this point of penetration is located in the middle of the observed area, with a lateral deviation of the displacement path from the optical axis at a distance from the center of the image.
- This point of penetration in the observed plane is additionally represented in the method according to the invention, for example by superimposing it on a monitor or by inserting a correspondingly positioned image into the beam path of the microscope.
- the observer can thus simultaneously observe the image of the plane shown that is actually transmitted by the viewing device and a marking which indicates the point of penetration of the predetermined displacement path through this plane.
- the displacement path is intended for the displacement movement of the viewing device itself, it can be positioned by lateral displacement of the viewing device relative to the structure in such a way that the piercing point is arranged in the optical axis, that is to say the observer displaces the viewing device relative to the structure until the marking of the piercing point coincides with the crosshair in the illustration. If this takes place in each plane, it is ensured that the optical viewing device is displaced along the predetermined displacement path. If the displacement path is intended for an instrument, the user observes the actual position of the instrument in the observed plane and shifts the instrument sideways so that it coincides with the marking of the piercing point. If this is done in all levels, it is ensured that the instrument is guided along the predetermined displacement path.
- one level after the other must be observed in order to correct the displacement movement of an instrument or the viewing device, the penetration points moving in accordance with the predetermined displacement path.
- the level or points of intersection of the displacement path or at least one plane adjacent to the viewing plane is shown in each plane. So in the observed representation there are not only the puncture points in the observed plane shown, but also penetration points, for example, in a parallel plane above and below. If the displacement path is perpendicular to the planes, there is still only one marking, but if it is inclined with respect to the observed planes, the corresponding marking points lie side by side in the representation.
- the viewer can therefore also recognize the direction in which, for example, an instrument has to be moved if the instrument is moved perpendicularly to the observed plane into a lower or a higher level. This can be the case for a larger number of levels, so that the displacement path is practically projected into the observed level.
- intersection points of different planes are connected by a line in the illustration.
- the puncture point or points through the observed plane are represented differently from puncture points in other planes. This facilitates the movement of the instrument or the observation device.
- the plane of the working structure depicted by the viewing device is mapped two-dimensionally, accordingly, penetration points of the displacement path through this plane or the projection of the planned displacement path into this plane are represented.
- the work area is viewed stereoscopically and displayed three-dimensionally and that the displacement path is superimposed as a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional image of the work area.
- This can be done, for example, by stereoscopic viewing known per se, in which two separate images are superimposed, which give the viewer a three-dimensional impression.
- an image can be embedded in the beam path, which also three-dimensionally represents the desired displacement path, which is seen in the correct position in the three-dimensional actual image. This can be done in a similar manner, as is known, for example, from display instruments for aircraft, with which images appearing three-dimensionally at a certain position are also generated in the field of view of the viewer.
- the displacement path at the point of intersection of the viewing plane passing through the focal point of the viewing device is identified, for example by means of a different coloring or different brightness. This shows the viewer the position of the sharply depicted plane of the work area, at the same time he can see three-dimensionally above and below areas of the work area and the course of the displacement path in this area.
- the coordinates of the displacement path can be determined, for example, by means of a large number of sectional plane representations of the structure and in these defined penetration points of the displacement path.
- the corresponding structures can be pre-examined with the aid of an X-ray radiation scanner or a magnetic resonance tomograph, ie sectional image representations of the structure are made.
- the desired displacement paths are defined in these sectional image representations or in the corresponding data records, ie the coordinates of the penetration points of the displacement path are determined in these planes. If these data are taken together, a three-dimensional data record is obtained which describes the displacement path within the structure from the beginning to the end.
- This data record is compared in the manner described with the data which describe the respective positioning of the viewing device relative to the structure and thus the position of the observed plane in the structure.
- a device of the type described at the outset which is characterized by a measuring device for determining the position of the viewing device relative to the structure, by a comparison device for comparing the position data of the viewing device valid for each observed level with the coordinates of a predetermined displacement path of the work area and by means of a display unit which maps the predetermined displacement path in the correct position in the work area.
- the viewing device depicts a plane of the working area sharply and that the point of intersection of the displacement path is depicted in the correct position in the plane observed.
- the display unit additionally represents the point or points of intersection of the displacement path in at least one plane adjacent to the viewing plane in each plane shown.
- the display unit connects the intersection points of different planes in the display with a line.
- the display unit represents the point or points of penetration through the observed plane differently from points of penetration in other planes.
- Another embodiment provides that the viewing device depicts a work area three-dimensionally and that the predetermined displacement path is superimposed on the three-dimensional representation of the work area in the correct location.
- the displacement path is characterized by the point of intersection of the viewing plane passing through the focal point of the viewing device, for example by a different coloring or a different brightness.
- the comparison device has a data memory in which a data record for the displacement path is stored relative to the structure.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an observation device with a position measuring device and a device for the correct mapping of the desired displacement path
- FIG. 2 shows an illustration of the image observable for the person under observation with an illustration of the predetermined displacement path and an illustration of an instrument.
- an endoscope 1 is used to view a structure to be examined, which is not shown in the drawing.
- the endoscope 1 in a tube 2 has optics that are not shown in detail which has a focal plane at a certain distance from the end of the tube 2.
- an instrument 3 is held on the tube 2 in the form of a tip, which ends in the focal plane. The front end of the instrument 3 thus marks the focal point of the viewing optics and is used at the same time as a keyboard instrument, as an electrode, as a probe or the like.
- the light transmitted by the optical system of the endoscope 1 is converted in an image converter 4 into electrical signals which, after corresponding image processing in an image processing unit 5, are fed via a line 7 to a monitor 6 on which the surface viewed by means of the endoscope 1 is pictured.
- the image can be processed electronically in the image processing unit 5 in a manner known per se, for example by contrast enhancement, by special coloring techniques or by enlargements etc.
- the exact positioning of the endoscope 1 relative to the structure to be viewed is determined by suitable sensors 8, and the position signals generated in the process are fed to a position memory 10 via a line 9.
- the sensors 8 can, for example, be ultrasound transmitters, which interact with corresponding ultrasound microphones on the structure, so that the relative positioning can be determined by means of various transit time measurements.
- the signals determining the respective positioning are fed from the position memory 10 to a comparison device 11, which is also supplied with data records from a data memory 12, by means of which the coordinates of the desired displacement path of the endoscope or of an instrument in the structure to be observed.
- FIG. 2 A possible image of a monitor display is shown in FIG. 2.
- the entire viewing area that can be reached through the endoscope 1 is enclosed in a circle 14, the center point 15 of which is marked by a cross hair 16.
- the center point 15 coincides with the optical axis of the endoscope 1, so that within the circle 14 an image of the structure is generated in the plane, which is perpendicular to the optical axis and collapses with the focal plane of the endoscope 1.
- the center point 15 marks the point of intersection of the optical axis through this plane.
- several additional markings can be seen in the area circumscribed by the circle 14, namely a filled point 17 and several circular points 18, all of which are connected to one another by a line 19.
- the filled point 17 marks the point of penetration of the predetermined and desired line of displacement through the plane under consideration, the circles 18 on the one side of point 17 corresponding points of penetration in parallel planes above the plane under consideration and the circles on the other side of point 17 corresponding points of penetration in parallel planes below the considered plane. Circles 18 and point 17 thus represent a projection of the displacement path onto the plane in question, the point of intersection of the displacement path being marked by point 17.
- the position in which the circles and points are displayed on the monitor results from the data record of the predetermined displacement path.
- the position of the observed plane can be described mathematically by the position measurement of the endoscope 1, so that the penetration point, ie the distance from the optical axis and the angle relative to a certain direction, can be calculated by mathematically cutting the displacement path and this plane. This data is sufficient to display the puncture point on the monitor. If the user, for example, wants to guide the instrument 3 along the predetermined displacement path, he recognizes from the illustration in FIG. 2 that the tip of the instrument, which coincides with the optical axis and is thus marked by the cross hair 16, from the intersection of the desired displacement path is removed.
- the user can achieve that point 17 on the monitor image is shifted into the crosshairs. If this is achieved, it is ensured that the tip of the instrument passes through the observed plane exactly at the point of intersection of the displacement path, that is to say is positioned in the desired manner. If the endoscope is pushed deeper into the structure, underlying levels are reached, which are then displayed, the circles 18 indicating to the user, before the endoscope is moved into a lower position, in which direction the endoscope is to be moved laterally, in order to be continued along the displacement path. The user can thus move the tip of the instrument 3 along the displacement path when inserting the endoscope if he tries to keep the respective point 17, which is of course different for each level observed, in the crosshairs.
- the piercing point of this instrument can be observed through the observed plane on the monitor.
- This piercing point is identified in the illustration in FIG. 2 by the reference symbol 20.
- the instrument In order to ensure that this instrument is always displaced along the desired displacement path, the instrument must be displaced laterally until the point of penetration with the marked point 17 in the illustration overlaps. This ensures that the point of penetration of the instrument through the observed plane lies on the desired displacement path.
- additional measures may have to be found for this, for example a specific design of the instrument only in its end region, so that this specific shape is monitored in the observed plane can be because the end of the instrument is currently in the level observed.
- the endoscope does not necessarily have to follow the displacement path, but it can also take a different path, since the respective position measurement of the endoscope and the comparison of the data records ensure that the position of the Endoscope in the plane under consideration the point of penetration of the displacement path is displayed at the correct location.
- the body is not yet opened by conventional techniques, for example by conventional computer tomography or by magnetic resonance imaging using a A large number of sectional images determines the three-dimensional shape of the body, that is to say the structure.
- the desired displacement path ie the respective point of intersection of the displacement path, can be inserted into the corresponding sectional images in such a way that interpolation on the one hand provides a data set for the description of the three-dimensional structure and on the other hand a further data set for the Coordinates of the displacement path are obtained in this structure.
- the endoscope and optionally an additional instrument are inserted into the body through body openings.
- the level of the structure lying in the focal plane of the endoscope is shown on the monitor.
- the point of penetration of the predetermined displacement path through the observed plane can be seen on the monitor, i.e.
- the surgeon can, for example, ensure by lateral displacement of the endoscope that it is inserted into the structure exactly on the predetermined displacement movement. This correction can be carried out on any level using point 17, the circles 18 further show the operator in which direction the endoscope is to be displaced during further immersion in order to remain in the underlying planes along the desired displacement path.
- the invention has been described above with reference to a two-dimensional representation of the working area, in which a plane of the working area lying in the focal plane of the viewing device is depicted sharply.
- the exemplary embodiment shown can be modified such that, for example, a three-dimensional image of the work area appears by means of stereo-microscopic observation by superimposing two slightly different partial images.
- the three-dimensional image is then also three-dimensionally superimposed on the predetermined displacement path, so that the viewer can observe the course of the displacement path in the working area over a certain layer thickness thereof.
- the point of intersection of the displacement path is marked by the plane lying in the focal plane of the viewing device, be it by a different color, a different brightness or a different shape, for example a thickening.
- it is equally essential that the positioning of the viewing device with respect to the three-dimensional structure is measured continuously and, depending on this measurement, the data of the displacement path stored in a memory are transferred to the display in the correct location.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4207901 | 1992-03-12 | ||
DE4207901A DE4207901C3 (de) | 1992-03-12 | 1992-03-12 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Darstellung eines Arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen Struktur |
PCT/EP1993/000409 WO1993018426A1 (de) | 1992-03-12 | 1993-02-20 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur darstellung eines arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen struktur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0630487A1 true EP0630487A1 (de) | 1994-12-28 |
EP0630487B1 EP0630487B1 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
Family
ID=6453902
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93905267A Expired - Lifetime EP0630487B1 (de) | 1992-03-12 | 1993-02-20 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur darstellung eines arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen struktur |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5515160A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0630487B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4207901C3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2096912T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993018426A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (155)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2652928B1 (fr) | 1989-10-05 | 1994-07-29 | Diadix Sa | Systeme interactif d'intervention locale a l'interieur d'une zone d'une structure non homogene. |
US6347240B1 (en) | 1990-10-19 | 2002-02-12 | St. Louis University | System and method for use in displaying images of a body part |
US5603318A (en) | 1992-04-21 | 1997-02-18 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Apparatus and method for photogrammetric surgical localization |
US5913820A (en) | 1992-08-14 | 1999-06-22 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Position location system |
EP0699050B1 (de) | 1993-04-26 | 2004-03-03 | St. Louis University | Anzeige der lage einer sonde |
EP0951874A3 (de) | 1994-09-15 | 2000-06-14 | Visualization Technology, Inc. | Positions- und Bilderfassung mittels einer an einem Patientenkopf angebrachten Referenzeinheit zur Anwendung im medizinischen Gebiet |
US6978166B2 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 2005-12-20 | Saint Louis University | System for use in displaying images of a body part |
EP0950379B1 (de) | 1994-10-07 | 2004-03-31 | St. Louis University | Vorrichtung zur benutzung mit einem chirurgischen navigationssystem |
DE19516140A1 (de) * | 1995-05-03 | 1996-11-14 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Steuersystem für rastergebundene Meßdatenerfassung |
US5592939A (en) | 1995-06-14 | 1997-01-14 | Martinelli; Michael A. | Method and system for navigating a catheter probe |
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- 1993-02-20 DE DE59304621T patent/DE59304621D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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ES2096912T3 (es) | 1997-03-16 |
DE4207901C2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
DE4207901C3 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
EP0630487B1 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
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