EP0629235A1

EP0629235A1 - Surface-active base for non-soap lubricants.

Info

Publication number: EP0629235A1
Application number: EP93904004A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alfred Laufenberg; Birgit Winkelmann; Werner Strothoff
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Ecolab GmbH and Co oHG
Priority date: 1992-03-02
Filing date: 1993-02-22
Publication date: 1994-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2013-02-22
Also published as: DK0629235T3; DE59300967D1; DE4206506A1; ATE130361T1; EP0629235B1; WO1993018121A1; ES2079966T3; CA2131312A1; US5565127A

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP93/00413 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 9, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 9, 1994 PCT Filed Feb. 22, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/18121 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 16, 1993Soapless lubricant compositions, especially for use in the food and beverage industry, comprising an amphoteric compound, a tertiary amine and/or a salt thereof, and a nonionic surfactant which is one or more of an alkyl dimethylamine oxide or an alkyl oligoglycoside.

Description

Surfactant base for soap-free lubricants

The present invention relates to a new surfactant base for soap-free lubricants known per se, containing alkylamines and / or amphoteric compounds, optionally water and further additives and / or auxiliaries.

The invention further relates to the use of the lubricant as a chain lubricant in the food industry. In particular, the lubricants according to the invention are used here for the lubrication, cleaning and disinfection of automatic chain and belt lubrication systems which, when filling foodstuffs, preferably beverages, in glass and plastic bottles, cans, glasses, barrels, beverage containers (KEG), paper containers and cardboard containers and the like are used.

The chain lubricants previously used as lubricants are based, on the one hand, on fatty acids in the form of their water-soluble alkali or alkanolamine salts or on fatty amines in the form of their organic or inorganic salts.

DE-A-23 13 330 describes soap-based lubricants which contain aqueous mixtures of cis-cig fatty acid salts and surface-active substances.

In addition to these soap-based lubricants, those based on primary fatty amines are otherwise mainly used. For example, DE-A-36 31 953 describes a method for lubricating chain-shaped bottle conveyor belts in beverage removal plants, in particular in breweries, and for cleaning the belts by means of a liquid cleaning agent, which is characterized in that the chain-shaped bottle conveyor belts are lubricated with belt lubricants based on neutralized primary fatty amines, which preferably have 12 to 18 C atoms and contain an unsaturated fraction of more than 10%, and the bottle conveyor ¬ tapes with cationic cleaning agents, namely quaternary ammonium compounds such as alkyltrimethylammon um-, dialkyldimethylammonium and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides or organic acids.

Finally, further chain lubricants are known in the prior art; thus describes EP-A-0 044458 lubricant preparations which are practically free of fatty acid soaps and which further contain a carboxylated nonionic surfactant and an acyl sarcosinate. The pH of these products is 7 to 11 and is therefore preferably in the neutral to alkaline range.

Finally, DE-A-38 31 448 relates to aqueous, clear water-soluble, soap-free lubricant preparations, a process for their preparation and the use of the lubricant preparations according to the invention, in particular as lubricants for the transport of glass bottles or polyethylene terephthalate bottles. The essentially neutral aqueous lubricant preparations (pH in the range from 6 to 8) contain alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkoxylated Al anolphosphate and alkane carboxylic acids, optionally in addition to conventional solubilizers, solvents, defoamers and disinfectants.

However, these two products described above also have the following three disadvantages:

1. They are microbiologically unfavorable because they create excellent growth conditions for microorganisms. 2. Furthermore, they show only a low cleaning power.

3. Finally, they have a foam behavior that is difficult to control.

DE-A-39 05 548 describes lubricants which contain at least one secondary and / or tertiary amine and / or salts of such amines.

Recently, beverages have often been filled into polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. PET reusable bottles have proven particularly useful in this area for carbonated beverages such as mineral water and lemonades. During the transport of the bottles in the bottling plants, these bottles come into contact with chain conveyor belt lubricants. A more or less large part of the chain conveyor belt lubricant remains on the bottles, dries and sometimes damages these bottles. In particular, cracks in the PET material, so-called stress cracks, have been found in application technology. In extreme cases, this leads to the bottle bursting.

For this reason, so far only soap-containing chain transport lubricants have been used for lubricating the bottles, which have been examined and approved by the manufacturers for their particular suitability. Chain conveyor belt lubricants based on alkylamine, which are generally known in the prior art and, as listed above, are widely used in the prior art for the transport of other beverage containers, apparently caused damage to the bottles.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a chain conveyor belt lubricant which meets the needs of the application side in that the So-called coefficient of friction is equal to or less than 0.1 to 0.12, the product simultaneously cleans, lubricates and disinfects, the product can be used in the lowest possible concentrations, the product does not damage the PET bottles, the product can be used regardless of the water hardness and the product is particularly suitable for mixed PET glass.

Surprisingly, it was found that not the alkylamines themselves, but rather the auxiliaries usually used, such as nonionic surfactants, in particular alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, led to more or less serious damage to the returnable PET bottles.

The object of the present invention was achieved by the use of certain nonionic surfactants which fulfill all the requirements for chain conveyor belt lubricants, as listed above.

The present invention relates to soap-free lubricants based on amphoteric compounds, primary, secondary and / or tertiary amines and / or salts of such amines of the general formula (I), (Ila), (Ilb), (Illa), (Illb ), (Illb), (IIIc), (IVa) and (IVb)

Rl

R- [NH- (CH ₂ ) _n ] m - R ³ - COOM (I)

R -NH-R5 (Ha)

4. _N + H ₂ -R5 x- (Hb)

R ⁴ -NH- (CH ₂ ) 3NH ₂ (purple)

R4-NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ H ₃ x- (πib)

R ⁴ -N ⁺ H ₂ - (CH ₂ ) 3-N ⁺ H ₃ 2X "(IIIc)

R ⁴ -NR7R8 (IVa) and / or

R ⁴ -N ⁺ HR7R8 x- (IVb)

in which

R is a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, which may be replaced by -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, -C0-, - (CH CH 0) ι- or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ 0)] - may be substituted,

Rl for hydrogen, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a radical -R ^ COOM

R2 only in the case where M represents a negative charge for hydrogen, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 C atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 for a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be replaced by -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, -C0-, - (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) - | - or - (CH ₂ CH CH ₂ 0) ι- may be substituted,

R ^{4 is} a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, the substituents being at least one amine, I in, hydroxy, halogen and / or carboxy residue, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl residue which has at least one amine, imine, hydroxy, halogen, carboxy and / or a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated substituent May have an alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms,

R5 for hydrogen or - independently of R ⁴ - for a radical R ⁴ ,

X "stands for an anion from the group amidosulfonate, nitrate, halide, sulfate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R ^ -COO", where

R6 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 C atoms, which may have at least one hydroxyl, amine or imine radical as substituents, or a substituted one or unsubstituted phenyl radical, which may have an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 C atoms as a substituent, and

R? and R8 in each case independently of one another for a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 C atoms, which may have at least one hydroxyl, amine or imine radical as a substituent, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, which may have an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 C atoms as a substituent, M for hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl radical or a negative charge, n for an integer in the range from 1 to 12, m for an integer in the range from 0 to 5 and

1 represents a number in the range from 0 to 5,

containing alkyldimethylamine oxides and / or alkyl oligoglycosides as nonionic surfactants.

For the purposes of the present invention, preference is given to those compounds of the general formula (I) for which:

R = saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear alkyl radical with 10 to 18 C atoms, which can optionally be substituted by -C0-, in particular unsubstituted, saturated linear alkyl radical with 12 to 14 C atoms,

R ¹ = hydrogen, alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a radical

-CH CH ₂ 0H, in particular hydrogen or alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

R2 = hydrogen or alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

R ³ = methylene or dimethylene residue, in particular methylene residue,

M = hydrogen or a negative charge, n = 2 or 3, in particular 2 = 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0.

With regard to their application properties, the lubricant combinations according to the invention show a very good coefficient of friction, a low foaming behavior, a good cleaning effect and good skin tolerance. In addition to the positive properties mentioned, the following boundary conditions are met: Moderate foaming behavior improves the lubricating effect in problem areas, such as Turntables, changers, etc., high substantivity and thus high lubricating performance even under unfavorable operating conditions (eg belt lubrication), generally usable even with equipment shortcomings, good cleaning effect, high capillary activity and film formation on surfaces, even in the presence of organic loads and acids or alkalis effective and also non-corrosive as a concentrate.

When used in the beverage industry, the lubricant combinations according to the invention, in contrast to the chain lubricants used hitherto, are both independent of the water quality and also low-foaming, stable in storage at low temperatures, not corrosive and particularly gentle on the environment and skin.

The compounds of the general formula (I) are known in principle, as is the process for their preparation from "fatty amines and secondary products", company lettering from Hoechst AG.

Examples of amphoteric compounds of the general formula (I) which are also preferably used in the context of the invention are mentioned below: dodecylaminopropylglycine, dodecyldi (aminoethyl) glycine, N-dodecyl-N, N- dipropyl-glycine, N-coco-N, N-dimethyl-glycine (coco = fatty alkyl residues with preferably 12 or 14 C-atoms), N-hexadecyl-NN-dimethyl-glycine, N-soybean-N, N- dimethyl-glycine (soy = mono- and di-unsaturated fatty alkyl residues with preferably 18 carbon atoms), N-decyl-N, N-dimethylglycine, dodecyl-di (aminopropyl) -glycine, Cio.ig fatty acid amidoethyl-N -hydroxyethyl-glycine.

The lubricants according to the invention contain the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (IV) in amounts of 1 to 99% by weight, preferably in amounts of 5 to 15% by weight, based on the overall formulation. Accordingly, such lubricant combinations in the sense of the invention can consist exclusively of the amphoteric compounds mentioned and the associated surfactant base. Furthermore, the invention also includes lubricant formulations which contain only a minor proportion of the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (IV), preferably in amounts of 5 to 15% by weight and in particular 10 to 12 % By weight. In this case, the rest of the lubricant formulations preferably consist of water and additionally, if appropriate, of additives and / or auxiliaries and the surfactant base mentioned.

Also suitable as lubricant components are primary, secondary and / or tertiary amines and / or salts of such amines, as described, among other things, in the German patent application DE-A-3905 548 cited above.

Thus, the lubricants according to the invention can be primary or secondary amines of the general formulas (Ila) or (Ilb)

R ⁴ -NH-R ⁵ (Ila)

R ⁴ -N ⁺ H ₂ -R5 X- (Ilb)

contain, where the radical R ⁴ means: a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, the substituents being at least one amine, imine, hydroxy , Halogen and / or carboxy radical, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical which has at least one amine, imine, hydroxyl, halo can have gene, carboxy and / or a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and X "for an anion from the group amidosulfonate, nitrate, halogenide, sulfate , Bicarbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R6-C00-, with R6 = hydrogen, a saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched, optionally substituted by -0H _f -NH or -NH- alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a corresponding alkenyl radical with 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, which may have an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms as substituents, and R5 represents a radical R ⁴ or hydrogen.

Examples of secondary amines of the general formulas (Ila) and (Ilb) are:

Di-coco-amine, di-stearyl-amine, di-tallow-amine and corresponding salts, preferably the acetates.

The lubricants according to the invention can be secondary diamines of the general formulas (purple), (Illb) or (IIIc)

R -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ NH ₂ (purple)

R ⁴ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ H ₃ x- (τ _IIb)

R -N ⁺ H ₂ - (CH ₂ ) ₃ -N ⁺ H ₃ 2X ~ (IIIc)

contain, where the radicals R ⁴ and X ~ each have the meanings given above for the general formulas (Ila) and (Ilb). Examples of secondary diamines of the general formulas (purple), (Illb) and (IIIc) are:

N-lauryl-propylenediamine and N-tallow-propylenediamine, each in the form of the free amines and in the form of the acetate salts.

Finally, the lubricants according to the invention can contain tertiary amines of the general formulas (IVa) or (IVb)

R ⁴ -NR7R8 (ιva)

contain, where the radicals R ⁴ and X ~ each have the meanings given for the general formulas (Ila) and (Ilb) and the radicals R ^ and each independently mean: a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alkenyl radical with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which as a substituent at least one

May have hydroxyl, amine or I residue, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl residue, which as

Substituents can have an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Examples of tertiary amines of the general formulas (IVa) and (IVb) are: N, N-dipropyl-N-laurylamine, N, N-dimethyl-N-laurylamine, N, N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylamine, N, N-dimethyl-N-cocosamine, N, N-dimethyl-N-cetylamine and the corresponding acetate salts.

For the purposes of the invention, it is preferred to use, in addition to the compounds of the general formula (I), mixtures of secondary diamines of the general formulas (III) and tertiary amines of the general formulas (IV), for example a mixture of N-lauryl propylene diammonium acetate and N, N-dimethyl-N-lauryl ammonium acetate in a weight ratio of 1: 2 to 3: 1, preferably 2: 1.

Primary, secondary and tertiary amines which correspond to the general formulas (II), (III) and (IV) given above can be prepared by processes known from the literature and some are offered as commercial products, for example from Hoechst AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, under the name GENAMIN ^R or from Lonza AG, Basel, Switzerland, under the name L0NZABAC ^R 12.

The weight ratio of the compounds of the general formula (I) to the amines of the general formulas (II), (III) and / or (IV) is not critical. However, a weight ratio of compounds of the general formula (I) to the compounds of the general formulas (II), (III) and / or (IV) in the range from 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular a ratio of 5: 1, is preferred up to 1: 1. The weight ratio mentioned above is based on the sum of the compounds (II), (III) and (IV) which may be used individually.

Furthermore, the lubricants according to the invention can contain, as auxiliaries, solubilizers for obtaining a homogeneous, clear water-soluble application solution. Examples of these are: alcohols, polyalcohols, ethers or polyethers, in particular isopropanol, butylglycol, butyl diglycol or ethylene glycol ether. The amount of the solubilizer to be used depends in each case on the betaine or amine used, the person skilled in the art will determine the required amount of solubilizer by trial and error in the individual case. In general, additions to solubilizers in the range from 1 to 20% by weight, based on the overall formulation, are sufficient. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alkyldimetylamine oxides to be used are equipped with a chain length of 10 to 18, in particular 12 to 14, carbon atoms in the alkyl radical. The alkyl chains can be linear or branched, saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated.

Alkyl oligoglycosides for the purposes of the present invention preferably comprise compounds of the formula (V), Rl-0- [G] _p (V)

in the

R ^{1 represents} an alkyl radical with 4 to 22 carbon atoms,

[G] stands for a sugar residue with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p stands for numbers from 1 to 10.

Alkyl oligoglycosides are preferred which are derived from aldoses or ketoes and, because of their ready availability, in particular from glucose. The preferred alkyl oligoglycosides are thus the alkyl oligoglucosides.

The index number p in the general formula (V) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP degree), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10. While p in a given compound is always an integer must be and here can assume the values p = 1 to 6, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined mathematical parameter, which usually represents a fractional number. Alkyl oligoglycosides with an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferred; those alkyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.4 are particularly preferred. The alkyl radical R ¹ can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 22, preferably 8 to 16, in particular 8 to 10, carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capro alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol and their technical mixtures based on natural fats and oils, for example palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil or beef tallow.

Alkyl oligoglycosides are known substances which can be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. As representative of the extensive literature regarding its structure and synthesis, reference is made to the European patent application EP-A-0301298.

In general, the surfactants mentioned in the range from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total formulation, are sufficient for wetting the chains and plate conveyor belts. The amine oxides as well as the alkyl oligoglycosides can each be used alone or in a mixture.

Known auxiliaries from the prior art are, for example, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty alcohols or alkoxylated fatty alcohols. However, these surfactants have the disadvantage of increased stress corrosion cracking in PET bottles. Therefore, such surfactants are preferably not used in the sense of the present invention. If, however, this is desired, their share should be kept as low as possible.

The lubricants according to the invention preferably have a pH in the range from 4 to 11, in particular in the range from 6 to 9. If the pH of the lubricant is not already in this range, it can be added by adding an acid, preferably one Acid with the anion X "defined above, for example with acetic acid to the desired value.

With regard to an optimal dosing option, it is also advantageous that the lubricants have a dynamic viscosity of less than 300 mPa.s, in particular less than 150 Pa.s and particularly preferably in the range from 5 to 100 mPa.s - each at 20 ° C. A separate adjustment of the viscosity to the values mentioned is generally not necessary or is optionally carried out by adding suitable amounts of the preferred diluent water or a solubilizer.

The lubricants according to the invention can be prepared by simply mixing the components with water, optionally with the addition of the additives and / or auxiliaries mentioned.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of lubricants of the type described above as chain lubricants in the food industry, in particular for automatic chain and belt lubrication systems. For this purpose, the lubricants according to the invention are generally diluted with water. Such aqueous application solutions generally contain 0.01% by weight of compounds of the general formulas (I) to (IV), preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by weight and in particular 0.02 to 0.04% by weight. % of such compounds and 0.1 to 1% by weight of the surfactants according to the invention mentioned.

In contrast to standard soap products, the products according to the invention do not cause stress corrosion cracking and can therefore be used without problems for PET and PC containers. (PET = polyethylene terephthalate, PC = polycarbonate). Neutral pH values are particularly preferred for clear water-soluble concentrates. The lubricants according to the invention are namely suitable in the concentration required for chain and belt lubrication also for cleaning empties as well as machines and machine parts.

Furthermore, the central foam systems in the food industry are partially equipped with permanently installed, automatic systems which, after the production process or during breaks, automatically clean the outside of fillers, cylindroconical fermentation and storage tanks, conveyor belts and other machines and systems .

Here too, the lubricants according to the invention can be used with great advantage.

The present invention thus also relates to the use of lubricants of the type described above for disinfecting and cleaning empties, machines and systems in the food and beverage industry.

Examples

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples. In examples 1 and 2 according to the invention, the frictional resistance and the foaming behavior of lubricant formulations according to the invention are shown. Comparative examples 1 to 3, which relate to products of the prior art, serve for comparison.

All percentages in the formulation examples below relate to percentages by weight.

The PET bottles are filled with carbonated water of 4.5 vol% CO 2 and sealed accordingly. The bottles are immersed in the substance to be tested in the bottom area (see Table 1) and stored at 38 ° C for 72 hours. The bottle is then sampled (from no stress cracks to the destroyed bottle).

The tests for measuring the frictional resistance, hereinafter referred to as "coefficient of friction", were carried out on a Techniku s bottle conveyor under the following conditions:

Measurement of the frictional resistance of 20 0.5 1 euro beer bottles filled with water as tension using a dynamometer. Bottle transport speed: approx. 1 m / s

Spraying the bottle conveyor belt with 0.4% band lubricant solution, as mentioned in the examples. Spraying performance of the nozzles: 4 1 / h, 1 nozzle per belt.

The coefficient of friction "μ" given below is the quotient of the measured tensile stress for a bottle to the weight of the bottle in grams. Furthermore, the products were tested with hard water (16 ° d) according to the provisions of DIN 53902.

The foam behavior is assessed according to the following classes:

0 = foam-free

1 = isolated foam bubbles

2 = low foaming, not disturbing

3 = foaming, disturbing

4 = strong foaming, not acceptable, foam under the tape

For sufficient lubrication, the coefficient of friction should be 0.10 to 0.12 or less. If the value exceeds 0.15, the lubricating effect and thus the problem-free transport clearly deteriorates.

The clear water solubility of the application solutions should also be guaranteed over a longer test period in order to avoid deposits in ball valve filters, nozzles, spray and distribution systems, belts and transport goods.

The foam development should be low, since excessive foam not only interferes with the workflow (automatic bottle inspector) and occupational safety (risk of slipping), but also can soften the label and penetrate into the not yet sealed container. In addition, the coefficient of friction deteriorates due to excessive foaming tendency.

Table 1

Cocosfetta in + 12E0 medium strong cracks

Oleylamide + 5E0 many cracks

2 hydroxy fatty alcohol ethoxylate many cracks

Oleyl cetyl propylene glycol ether many cracks

Oleyl cetyl alcohol + 5E0 many cracks Alkylbenzenesulfonate no cracks

Cocosalkyldimethylaminooxid no cracks

Cδ-10 glycoside _{n =} ι 5 (70% active substance) almost no cracks

Cß-io glycoside _{n =} i _f 4 (60% active substance) no cracks

Cδ-10 ^G1 y ^cos i ^d n = 1, 7-1, 8 ^almost no cracks

Anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonate cannot be incorporated into the cationically reacting chain lubricants based on alkylamines, so that only amine oxides and alkyl polyglucosides remain for use in corresponding chain lubricants.

example 1

6% coco propylene diammonium acetate 6% coco dipropylene triammonium acetate 3% coco alkyl dimethyl amine oxide 85% water

Friction coefficient: 0.14 Foam behavior: foaming

Suitability: few cracks Clear water solubility: absolutely clear

Example 2

6% coco propylene diammonium acetate 6% coco dipropylene triammonium acetate 3% Cg-io glycoside _{n =} i _f 4 (60% active substance) 85% water

Friction coefficient: 0.10 Foam behavior: moderately foaming

Suitability: no cracking Clear water solubility: absolutely clear Comparative Example 1

8% laurylpropylene diammonium acetate 4% N.N-dimethyl-N-laurylammonium acetate 88% water

Friction coefficient: 0.10 Foam behavior: not foaming

PET suitability: few cracks. Clear water solubility: opaque

Comparative example 2

6% coconut propylene diammonium acetate 6% coconut dipropylene triammonium acetate 88% water

Friction coefficient: 0.10 Foam behavior: slightly foaming

PET suitability: no cracks. Clear water solubility: slightly opaque

Comparative example 3

6% coconut propylene diammonium acetate 6% coconut dipropylene triarnmonium acetate 3% coconut fatty amine + 12E0 85% water

Friction coefficient: 0.11 Foam behavior: slightly foaming

PET suitability: strong cracks Clear water solubility: absolutely clear

Claims

Patent claims

1. Soap-free lubricants based on amphoteric compounds, primary, secondary and / or tertiary amines and / or salts of such amines of the general formula (I), (Ila), (Ilb), (purple), (Illb), (Illb), (IIIc), (IVa) and (IVb)

R- [NH- (CH ₂ ) _n ] _m - N - R ³ - COOM (I)

R2

R -NH-R5 (Ha)

R -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ NH ₂ (Illa)

R ⁴ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ H ₃ x- _(IIIb)

R ⁴ -N ⁺ H ₂ - (CH ₂ ) ₃ -N ⁺ H ₃ 2X- (IIIC)

R-NR7R8 (IVa) and / or

R -N ⁺ HR7R8 x- (IVb) in which

R is a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, which may be replaced by -OH, -NH, -NH-, -C0-, - (CH CH 0) ι ~ or - ( CH CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) - | - may be substituted,

R ^{1 represents} hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a radical -R C00M

R2 only in the case where M represents a negative charge for hydrogen, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 C atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 C atoms,

R ^{3 is} a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be replaced by -OH, -NH _2r -NH-, -C0-, - (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) - | - or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) - | - may be substituted,

R ^{4 is} a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, the substituents being at least one amine, imine, hydroxyl, halogen and / or Carboxy residue, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl residue, which has at least one amine, imine, hydroxyl, halogen, carboxy and / or a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl residue as a substituent can have 6 to 22 carbon atoms,

R5 fQ _r is hydrogen or - independently of R ⁴ - is a radical R ^4,

X "stands for an anion from the group amidosulfonate, nitrate, halide, sulfate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R6-C00 ~, where

R6 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have at least one hydroxyl, amine or imine radical as a substituent, or a substituted radical or unsubstituted phenyl radical, the may have an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as a substituent, and

R7 and R8 each independently of one another for a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 C atoms, which may have at least one hydroxyl, amine or I radical as substituents , or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical which may have an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 C atoms as a substituent,

M for hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl radical or a negative charge, n for an integer in the range from 1 to 12, for an integer in the range from 0 to 5 and

1 represents a number in the range from 0 to 5,

2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that in the general formula (I)

R represents a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear alkyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by -C0-, in particular an unsubstituted, saturated linear alkyl radical having 12 to 14 carbon atoms,

R ^{1 represents} hydrogen, alkyl radical having 1 to 3 C atoms or a radical -CH ₂ CH 0H, in particular hydrogen or alkyl radical having 1 to 3 C atoms,

R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

R ^{3 represents a} methylene or dimethylene radical, in particular a methylene radical, M is hydrogen or a negative charge, n is 2 or 3, in particular 2 m is 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0.

3. Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (IV) in an amount of 1 to 99% by weight, based on the overall formulation.

4. Lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (IV) in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight, in particular 10 to 12% by weight, based on the total formulation , contain.

5. Lubricant according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that they additionally contain water and optionally additives and / or auxiliaries.

6. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the weight ratio of compounds of the general formula (I) to the compounds of the formulas (II), (III) and / or (IV) in the range from 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular in a ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 1.

7. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain solubilizers and / or pH regulators as auxiliaries.

8. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they have a pH in the range from 4 to 11, in particular in the range from 6 to 9.

9. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they have a dynamic viscosity of less than 300 mPa.s, in particular in the range from 5 to 100 mPa.s.

10. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the alkyldimethylamine oxides have a straight-chain or branched, saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 10 to 18, in particular 12 to 14, C-atoms .

11. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the alkyl oligoglycoside compounds of the formula (V)

- ^ - HGjp (V), where

R1 is an alkyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms, [G] is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number in the range from 1 to 10.

12. Lubricant according to claim 11, characterized in that the alkyl oligoglycosides are derived from aldoses and / or ketoses, in particular glucose.

13. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that they contain alkyl oligoglucosides.

14. Lubricant according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that they contain 1 to 10% by weight of alkyl oligoglycosides and / or amines.

15. Use of the lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 14 as chain lubricant in the food industry, in particular for automatic chain and belt lubrication systems.

16. Use of the lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 14 for cleaning empties, machines and systems in the food and beverage industry.