EP1427801B1 - Use of o/w emulsions for chain lubrication - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the use of an O / W emulsion containing a wax ester, in concentrated form or after dilution with water for lubricating conveyor belts in food processing plants.

In the food industry, especially in beverage companies, the containers to be filled in the bottling plants are transported by transporters of various designs and materials, for example via plate conveyor belts or chain-like arrangements, which will generally be referred to below as transport chains. The transporters make the connection between the different optional treatment stages of the filling process such. The containers may be various forms, in particular glass and plastic bottles, cans, jars, barrels, beverage containers (CEC), paper and cardboard containers. In order to ensure trouble-free operation, the transport chains must be lubricated in a suitable manner, so that excessive friction with the containers is avoided. Usually, dilute aqueous solutions containing suitable friction-reducing agents are used for lubrication. With the aqueous solutions, the transport chains are brought into contact, for example by immersion or by spraying, which then speaks of immersion lubrication systems or automatic belt lubrication systems or central chain lubrication systems.

The chain lubricants hitherto used as lubricants are usually based on fatty acids in the form of their water-soluble alkali or alkanolamine salts or on fatty amines, preferably in the form of their organic or inorganic salts.

1. 1. Es kommt zu einer Reaktion mit der Wasserhärte, also den Erdalkali-Ionen, und anderen Wasserinhaltsstoffen unter Bildung schwerlöslicher Metallseifen, den sogenannten primären Erdalkaliseifen.
2. 2. Es kommt zu einer Reaktion zwischen diesen Schmiermitteln auf Seifenbasis und in Wasser oder dem abzufüllenden Gut gelöstem Kohlendioxid.
3. 3. Die so erzeugte Anwendungslösung ist stets keimfördernd.
4. 4. Bei Anwendung von hartem Wasser sind Ionenaustauscher zur Wasserenthärtung erforderlich, was eine zusätzliche Keimquelle bedeutet (und deshalb in der Praxis kaum anzutreffen ist), oder aber der Einsatz hoch komplexierungsmittelhaltiger Produkte, was wiederum ökologisch bedenklich ist, ist nötig.
5. 5. Es kommt zu vermehrter Schaumbildung, was insbesondere Probleme am Bottle-Inspector (automatische Flaschenkontrolle) hervorrufen kann und eine stärkere Benetzung der Transportbehältnisse zur Folge hat.
6. 6. Die meisten dieser Produkte sind lösungsmittelhaltig.
7. 7. Die Reinigungswirkung dieser Produkte ist schlecht, so dass eine separate Reinigung notwendig ist.
8. 8. Derartige Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis zeigen ein pH-abhängiges Leistungsverhalten.
9. 9. Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis zeigen weiterhin eine Wassertemperatur-Abhängigkeit.
10. 10. Schmiermittel auf Seifenbasis zeigen nur eine geringe Lagerstabilität, insbesondere bei niederen Temperaturen.
11. 11. Das in vielen Produkten enthaltene EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetat) ist bekanntermaßen nur schlecht biologisch abbaubar.
12. 12. Derartige Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis sind nicht für alle Transportgüter aus Kunststoff geeignet, da es bei Anwendung dieser Mittel in vielen Fällen zu Spannungsrißkorrosionen am Transportgut kommt.

While both classes of substances are easily applicable in immersion lubrication, they show a number of disadvantages in today's common centralized chain lubrication systems. That's how it describes DE-A-23 13 330 Soap-based lubricants, the aqueous mixtures of C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acid salts and surface-active Contain substances. Such soap-based lubricants have the following disadvantages:

1. 1. It comes to a reaction with the water hardness, ie the alkaline earth ions, and other water constituents to form sparingly soluble metal soaps, the so-called primary alkaline earth metal soaps.
2. 2. There is a reaction between these soap based lubricants and carbon dioxide dissolved in water or the product to be bottled.
3. 3. The application solution thus produced is always germ-promoting.
4. 4. When using hard water ion exchangers are required for water softening, which means an additional source of germ (and therefore is hardly encountered in practice), or the use of highly complexing agent-containing products, which in turn is ecologically questionable, is necessary.
5. 5. It comes to increased foaming, which in particular can cause problems with the bottle inspector (automatic bottle control) and has a stronger wetting of the transport containers result.
6. 6. Most of these products contain solvents.
7. 7. The cleaning effect of these products is poor, so that a separate cleaning is necessary.
8. 8. Such soap-based lubricant formulations exhibit pH-dependent performance.
9. 9. Soap based lubricant formulations continue to exhibit water temperature dependence.
10. 10. Soap-based lubricants show only a short storage stability, especially at low temperatures.
11. 11. The EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetate) found in many products is known to be poorly biodegradable.
12. 12. Such soap-based lubricant preparations are not suitable for all plastic transport goods, since in many cases, when these agents are used, stress corrosion cracking occurs on the transported goods.

In addition to soap-based lubricants, those based on fatty amines are mainly used. That's how it describes DE-A-36 31 953 a method for lubricating chain-like bottle conveyor belts in beverage bottling plants, especially in breweries, and for cleaning the belts by means of a liquid detergent, characterized in that the chain-shaped bottle conveyor belts with tape lubricants based on neutralized primary fatty amines, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and contain an unsaturated fraction of more than 10%, lubricates.

als Schmiermittel bekannt, worin

• R¹ eine gesättigte oder ungesättigte, verzweigte oder lineare Alkylgruppe mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen;
• R² Wasserstoff, eine Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder - A-NH₂;
• A eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylengruppe mit 1 bis 8 C-Atomen; und
• A¹ eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylengruppe mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen bedeutet.

From the EP-A-0 372 628 are fatty amine derivatives of the formulas

known as lubricant, wherein

• R ^{1 is} a saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl group having 8 to 22 C atoms;
• R ^{2 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or --A-NH ₂ ;
• A is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 C atoms; and
• A ^{1 is} a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

In addition, from the DE-A-39 05 548 Lubricants based on N-alkylated fatty amine derivatives which contain at least one secondary and / or tertiary amine.

        R⁴-NH-R⁵     (IIa)

        R⁴-N⁺H₂-R⁵ X^-     (IIb)

        R⁴-NH-(CH₂)₃NH₂     (IIIa)

        R⁴-NH-(CH₂)₃N⁺H₃X^-     (IIIb)

        R⁴-N⁺H2-(CH₂)₃-N⁺H₃2X^-     (IIIc)

        R⁴-NR⁷R⁸     (IVa)

und/oder

        R⁴-N⁺HR⁷R⁸ X^-     (IVb)

wobei

R

für einen gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, der gegebenenfalls durch -OH,-NH₂, -NH-, -CO-, -(CH₂CH₂O)_l- oder -(CH₂CH₂CH₂O)_l- substituiert sein kann,

R¹

für Wasserstoff, einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, einen Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Rest -R³COOM

R²

nur für den Fall, dass M eine negative Ladung darstellt für Wasserstoff, einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, oder einen Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen,

R³

für einen gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 12 C-Atomen, der gegebenenfalls durch -OH,-NH₂, -NH-, -CO-, -(CH₂CH₂O)_l- oder -(CH₂CH₂CH₂O)_l- substituiert sein kann,

R⁴

für einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten, linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, der als Substituenten mindestens einen Amin-, Imin-, Hydroxy-, Halogen- und/oder Carboxyrest aufweisen kann, einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Phenylrest, der als Substituenten mindestens einen Amin-, Imin-, Hydroxy-, Halogen-, Carboxy- und/oder einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen aufweisen kann,

R⁵

für Wasserstoff oder - unabhängig von R⁴ - für einen Rest R⁴,

X^-

für ein Anion aus der Gruppe Amidosulfonat, Nitrat, Halogenid, Sulfat, Hydrogencarbonat, Carbonat, Phosphat oder R⁶-COO^- steht, wobei

R⁶

für Wasserstoff, einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten, linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 20 C-Atomen, die als Substituenten mindestens einen Hydroxy-, Amin- oder Iminrest aufweisen können, oder einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Phenylrest, der als Substituenten einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen aufweisen kann, steht, und

R⁷ und R⁸

jeweils unabhängig voneinander für einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten, linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 20 C-Atomen, die als Substituenten mindestens einen Hydroxy-, Amin- oder Iminrest aufweisen können, oder einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Phenylrest, der als Substituenten einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen aufweisen kann,

M

für Wasserstoff, Alkalimetall, Ammonium, einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, einen Benzylrest oder eine negative Ladung,

n

für eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 12,

m

für eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 5 und

l

für eine Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 5 steht,

enthaltend Alkyldimethylaminoxide und/oder Alkyloligoglycoside als nichtionische Tenside.From the DE-A-42 06 506 are known:
Soap-free lubricants based on amphoteric compounds, primary, secondary and / or tertiary amines and / or salts of such amines of the general formula (I), (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) (IVa) and (IVb)

R ⁴ -NH-R ⁵ (IIa)

R ⁴ -N ⁺ H ₂ -R ⁵ X ^- (IIb)

R ⁴ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ NH ₂ (IIIa)

R ⁴ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ H ₃ X ^- (IIIb)

R ⁴ -N ⁺ H2- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -N ⁺ H ₃ 2X ^- (IIIc)

R ⁴ -NR ⁷ R ⁸ (IVa)

and or

R ⁴ -N ⁺ HR ⁷ R ⁸ X ^- (IVb)

in which

R

for a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, -CO-, - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _l - or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _l - may be substituted,

R ¹

is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms or a radical -R ³ COOM

R ²

only in the case that M represents a negative charge for hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms,

R ³

for a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, optionally substituted by -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, -CO-, - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _l - or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _l - may be substituted,

R ⁴

for a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, which may have as substituents at least one amine, imine, hydroxyl, halogen and / or carboxy radical, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical which may have as substituents at least one amine, imine, hydroxyl, halogen, carboxy and / or a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms,

R ⁵

is hydrogen or, independently of R ⁴ , is a radical R ⁴ ,

X ^-

represents an anion from the group amidosulfonate, nitrate, halide, sulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R ⁶ -COO ^- , wherein

R ⁶

is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 C atoms, which may have as substituents at least one hydroxyl, amine or imine radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical , which may have as substituents an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, is, and

R ⁷ and R ⁸

each independently of one another for a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 C atoms, which may have as substituents at least one hydroxy, amine or imine radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical which may have as substituents an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms,

M

is hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, a benzyl radical or a negative charge,

n

for an integer in the range of 1 to 12,

m

for an integer in the range of 0 to 5 and

l

is a number in the range of 0 to 5,

containing alkyldimethylamine oxides and / or alkyloligoglycosides as nonionic surfactants.

1. a) einer oder mehrerer Verbindungen der Formel
   
   wobei
   • R¹ für einen gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, der gegebenenfalls durch -OH, -NH₂, -NH-, -CO-, Halogen oder einen Carboxylrest substituiert sein kann,
   • R² für einen Carboxylrest mit 2 bis 7 C-Atomen,
   • M für Wasserstoff, Alkalimetall, Ammonium, einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Benzylrest und
   • n für eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 6 steht,
2. b) wenigstens eine organische Carbonsäure ausgewählt aus einbasigen oder mehrbasigen, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Carbonsäuren mit 2 bis 22 C-Atomen,
3. c) gegebenenfalls Wasser und Zusatz- und/oder Hilfsstoffe

The EP-B-629,234 discloses a lubricant combination consisting of

1. a) one or more compounds of the formula
   
   in which
   • R ^{1 is} a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 22 C atoms, which may optionally be substituted by -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, -CO-, halogen or a carboxyl radical,
   • R ^{2 is} a carboxyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms,
   • M is hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and
   • n is an integer in the range of 1 to 6,
2. b) at least one organic carboxylic acid selected from monobasic or polybasic, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids having 2 to 22 C atoms,
3. c) optionally water and additives and / or auxiliaries

The WO 94/03562 describes a lubricant concentrate based on fatty amines and optionally conventional diluents or auxiliaries or additives, characterized in that it contains at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine and / or a salt of such an amine, wherein the proportion of said polyamine derivatives of fatty amines in the overall formulation to 100 wt .-% is.

R

ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter, linearer oder verzweigter, gesättigter oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigter Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, wobei die Substituenten ausgewählt sind aus Amino, Imino, Hydroxy, Halogen und Carboxy, oder ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter Phenylrest, wobei die Substituenten ausgewählt sind aus Amino, Imino, Hydroxy, Halogen, Carboxy und einem linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, ist;

A

entweder für -NH- oder für -O- steht,

X^-

ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure bedeutet,

k, l, m

unabhängig voneinander eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 6 ist;

y

im Falle A = -NH- 0, 1, 2 oder 3 und
im Falle A = -O- 1, 2, 3 oder 4 ist,

n

eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 ist.

According to a preferred embodiment of WO 94/03562 contains this lubricant concentrate at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of the general formula

RA- (CH ₂ ) _k -NH - [(CH ₂ ) ₁ -NH] _y - (CH ₂ ) _m -NH _2. (H ⁺ X ^- ) _n

in which

R

a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are selected from amino, imino, hydroxy, halogen and carboxy, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, wherein the substituents are selected from amino, imino, hydroxy, halogen, carboxy and a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, is;

A

is either -NH- or -O-,

X ^-

an anion of an inorganic or organic acid means

k, l, m

independently is an integer in the range of 1 to 6;

y

in the case of A = -NH- 0, 1, 2 or 3 and
in case A = -O- 1, 2, 3 or 4,

n

is an integer from 0 to 6.

The printer DE 199 42 535.3 provides lubricants based on polyhydroxy compounds, which are hydrophilic due to their molecular structure and at the same time improve the lubricating performance over amines commonly used as lubricants.

Particular preference is given to polyhydroxy compounds which are selected from alkanediols or alkanetriols, very particularly preferably glycerol, or their polymers and their esters and ethers.

From the point of view of the user, however, the problem with the chain lubricants used is that they either stick too badly on the chains or pull on the chains too much.

In the event that chain lubricants adhere too badly to the chains, they drip on the ground shortly after application, with the result that the lubricating effect on the chains several meters long depends strongly on the proximity to the metering point. The same problem arises where there is a risk that the smear layer will be quickly removed from the surfaces by spilled beverage. The consequence is that, depending on the area, very different lubricating qualities can occur. In critical areas, this often leads to dropping of the bottles up to the interruption of the filling operation.

In the event that chain lubricants adhere very well to the chains, as is the case, for example, with the very well-wetting fluorosurfactants, a firmly adhering film is formed on the transport chains, which is not easy to remove by rinsing with water.

In this film, residues and abrasives can accumulate and lead to hygiene and operational problems in operation.

Accordingly, it was an object of the present invention to provide chain lubricants are available, on the one hand have good adhesion to the chains, have good lubricating properties and form a film that can be easily removed when needed again from the chains. In addition, such chain lubricants should be in storage stable formulation. Surprisingly, the above problem can be solved by storage-stable O / W emulsions.

Accordingly, the subject of the present invention is the use of an O / W emulsion in concentrated form or after dilution with water for lubricating conveyor belts in food processing plants.

It is known that oil-in-water emulsions, henceforth called O / W emulsions, prepared and stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers undergo phase inversion upon heating. By this process of phase inversion it is to be understood that at higher temperatures the outer, aqueous phase becomes the inner phase. This process is usually reversible, which means that the original emulsion type re-forms on cooling. It is also known that the location of the phase inversion temperature depends on many factors, for example the type and phase volume of the oil component, the hydrophilicity and the structure of the emulsifier or the composition of the emulsifier system. (Compare for example K. Shinoda and H. Kunieda in Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, Vol. I, P. Becher (Ed.), Marcel Decker, New York 1983, page 337 et seq It is also known that O / W emulsions prepared at or slightly above the phase inversion temperature are particularly finely dispersed and have long-term stability. In contrast, such emulsions which are produced below the phase inversion temperature are less finely divided. (Compare S. Friberg, C. Solans, J. Colloid Interface Science 1978 [66], p. 367 f ).

F. Schambil, F. Jost and MJ Schwuger report in "Progress and Colloid and Polymer Science" 1987 [73], p. 37 on the properties of cosmetic emulsions containing fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. Describe that emulsions prepared above the phase inversion temperature have low viscosity and high storage stability.

In the cited documents, however, only emulsions were examined whose oil phase consists wholly or predominantly of nonpolar hydrocarbons. In contrast, corresponding emulsions whose oil component consists entirely or predominantly of polar esters or triglyceride oils behave differently: either (a) no fine-particle blue emulsions are formed despite phase inversion, but coarsely dispersed white emulsions or (b) in the temperature range up to 100 ° C no phase inversion at all.

The German patent application DE-OS-38 19 193 describes a process for the preparation of low-viscosity O / W emulsions of polar oil components, which is based on the method of phase inversion temperature (PIT method). According to the teaching of this application, phase inversion temperatures below 100 ° C. are achieved by the presence of further coemulsifiers in addition to nonionic emulsifiers. However, it has been found that for oils with a dipole moment above 1.96 D, only coarse-particle dispersions are accessible by this process. This is consistent with the publication of T Förster, F. Schambil and H. Tesmann, who have investigated the emulsification by the PIT method with respect to self-emulsifying surfactants and the polarity of the oil to be emulsified (International Journal of Cosmetic Science 1990 [12] p. 217 ). On page 222, the authors state that the presence of phase inversion does not guarantee that fine-particle and storage-stable emulsions are obtained.

In the WO 93/11865 An improved process for producing finely dispersed and long-term stable O / W emulsions based on oil mixtures with a high proportion of polar oil components is presented. In particular, a process has been provided which can prepare finely dispersed and storage stable O / W emulsions based on oils having a dipole moment above 1.96D.

It has been found that O / W emulsions based on polar oil bodies and nonionic emulsifiers are then particularly fine-particle and long-term stable, if a mixture of polar oil, nonionic emulsifier and a special interface moderator to a temperature within or above the phase inversion temperature range heated or the emulsion is prepared at this temperature and then the emulsion is cooled to a temperature below the Phaseninversion-Temperturbereiches and optionally further diluted with water.

1. (A) 10 bis 90 Gew.-% eines polaren Ölkörpers mit
2. (B) 0,5 bis 30 Gew,-% eines nichtionseihen Emulgators mit einem HLB-Wert von 10 bis 18 und
3. (C) 0 bis 30 Gew.-% eines Co-Emulgators aus der Gruppe der Fettalkohole mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen oder der Partialester von Polyolen mit 3 bis 6 C-Atomen mit Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen und
4. (D) 0,01 bis 50 Gew.-% eines Grenzflächen-Moderators, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Tocopherole, der Guerbetalkohle mit 16 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eines Steroids mit 1 bis 3 OH-Gruppen

In the WO 93/11865 Then, a process for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions of polar oil bodies (A) claimed in which

1. (A) 10 to 90 wt .-% of a polar oil body with
2. (B) 0.5 to 30% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier having an HLB value of 10 to 18 and
3. (C) 0 to 30 wt .-% of a co-emulsifier from the group of fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or the partial esters of polyols having 3 to 6 carbon atoms with fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and
4. (D) 0.01 to 50% by weight of an interfacial moderator selected from the group of tocopherols, Guerbetal coal having 16 to 20 carbon atoms or a steroid having 1 to 3 OH groups

emulsified in the presence of 8 to 85% by weight of water at a temperature above the melting point of the mixture of components (A) to (D) and the emulsion heated to a temperature within or above the phase inversion temperature range - or the emulsion is prepared at that temperature - And then the emulsion is cooled to a temperature below the phase inversion temperature range and optionally further diluted with water.

This method has the advantage that particularly finely divided emulsions are obtained which have excellent storage stability. Compared to the hitherto known state of the art, for example the DE-OS-38 19 193 , Beyond that lowered the phase inversion temperature, which is particularly favorable in practice because of the associated energy savings.

The oil-in-water emulsions prepared by the PIT method find use, e.g. as a skin and body care product, as a cooling lubricant or as a textile and fiber auxiliary. They are particularly preferred in processes for the preparation of emulsion-like preparations for skin and hair treatment.

In this connection, please refer to the publication DE 197 03 087 A1 from which the use of appropriate PIT emulsions for the production of cosmetic refatting agents is known.

WO01 / 12759 A2 describes thermoformed thermoplastic articles comprising a thermoplastic and a liquid hydrocarbon oil composition. The liquid hydrocarbon oil composition prevents the stress cracking promoting materials from interacting with the polymer structure of the claimed container to prevent or inhibit stress cracking in such materials.

EP 0345586 A1 describes a process for preparing low viscosity oil-in-water emulsions from oil components comprising 50-100% by weight of mono- and / or diesters of at least 10 carbon atoms and possibly 0-50% by weight of fatty acid triglycerides and / or 0-25% by weight of fatty acid triglycerides

DE 41 40 562 A1 describes a process for the preparation of finely dispersed long-term stable oil-in-water emulsions based on oil mixtures with a high proportion of polar oil components by emulsification in the presence of 8 to 85 wt .-% water.

In the currently available prior art, a use according to the invention of O / W emulsions is neither disclosed nor mentioned in any form.

The invention relates to the use of an O / W emulsion containing a wax ester, in concentrated form or after dilution with water for lubricating conveyor belts in food processing plants.

Wax esters are esters of long-chain carboxylic acids with long-chain alcohols, which preferably follow the formula (1),

R ¹ CO-OR ² (1)

in which R ¹ CO is a saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical examples are esters of caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures with caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol , Behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures. Preferably, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, Cetylerucat, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, Stearylisostearat, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, Stearylerucat, Isosteraylpalmitat, Isostearylstearat, isostearyl isostearate, Isostearyloleat, isostearyl behenate, Isostearylerucat, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, Oleylbehenat, Oleylerucat, Behenylpalmitat, Behenylstearat, Behenylisostearat, Behenyloleat, Behenylbehenat, Behenyloleat and mixtures thereof. Furthermore, as wax esters and esters of the alcohols mentioned with fruit acids, so for example, apple acids or citric acid, fruit waxes and silicone waxes can be used.

1. a) Triglyceride,
2. b) Partialglyceride, oder
3. c) Fettalkoholpolyglykolether, oder

eine beliebige Mischung der genannten Komponenten a) bis c).The O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention preferably contains at least one further component selected from the groups of

1. a) triglycerides,
2. b) partial glycerides, or
3. c) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, or

any mixture of said components a) to c).

in der R³CO, R⁴CO und R⁵CO unabhängig voneinander für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte und/oder ungesättigte, gegebenenfalls hydroxy- und/oder epoxysubstituierte Acylreste mit 6 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und die Summe (m+n+p) für 0 oder Zahlen von 1 bis 100, vorzugsweise 20 bis 80 steht. Die Triglyceride können natürlicher Herkunft sein oder auf synthetischem Wege herge-stellt werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um hydroxy- und/oder epoxyfunktionalisierte Stoffe, wie beispielsweise Ricinusöl oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl, epoxidiertes Ricinusöl, Ringöffnungsprodukte von epoxidierten Ricinusölen unterschiedlicher Epoxidzahlen mit Wasser sowie Anlagerungsprodukten von durchschnittlich 1 bis 100, vorzugsweise 20 bis 80 und insbesondere 40 bis 60 Mol an diese genannten Triglyceride.Triglycerides are substances of the formula (2),

in the R ³ CO, R ⁴ CO and R ⁵ CO independently represent linear or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated, optionally hydroxy- and / or epoxy-substituted acyl radicals having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and the sum (m + n + p) is 0 or numbers from 1 to 100, preferably 20 to 80. The triglycerides may be of natural origin or synthetically produced. Preference is given to hydroxy- and / or epoxy-functionalized substances, such as, for example, castor oil or hydrogenated castor oil, epoxidized castor oil, ring opening products of epoxidized castor oils of different epoxide numbers with water and addition products of on average from 1 to 100, preferably from 20 to 80 and in particular from 40 to 60 mol these triglycerides.

Partial glycerides are monoglycerides, diglycerides and their technical mixtures, which may still contain small amounts of triglycerides due to their production. The partial glycerides preferably follow the formula (3),

in the R ⁶ CO for a linear or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R ⁷ and R ^{8 are} independently R ⁶ CO or OH and the sum (m + n + p ) for 0 or Numbers from 1 to 100, preferably 5 to 25, with the proviso that at least one of the two radicals R ⁷ and R ^{8 is} OH. Typical examples are mono- and / or diglycerides based on caproic, caprylic, 2-ethylhexanoic, capric, lauric, isotridecanoic, myristic, palmitic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, elaidic, petroselinic, linoleic, linolenic, Elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures. Preference is given to using technical lauric acid glycerides, palmitic acid glycerides, stearic acid glycerides, isostearic acid glycerides, oleic acid glycerides, behenic acid glycerides and / or erucic acid glycerides which have a monoglyceride content in the range from 50 to 95, preferably 60 to 90% by weight.

The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers according to the invention correspond to the formula (4),

R ⁹ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _q H (4)

in which R ^{9 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and q is a number from 1 to 50. Typical examples are adducts of an average of 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 25, of caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol , Elaeostearylalkohol, arachyl alcohol, Gadoleylalkohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures. The surfactants may have both a conventional broad and a narrow homolog distribution. Particularly preferred are addition products of on average 10 or 20 moles of ethylene oxide to cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and / or behenyl alcohol.

• (1) Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid und/ oder 0 bis 5 Mol Propylenoxid an lineare Fettalkohole mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen, an Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen und an Alkylphenole mit 8 bis 15 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe;
• (2) Glycerinmono- und -diester und Sorbitanmono- und -diester von gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und deren Ethylenoxidanlagerungsprodukte;
• (3) Alkylmono- und -oligoglycoside mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und deren ethoxylierte Analoga;
• (4) Polyol- und insbesondere Polyglycerinester wie z.B. Polyglycerinpolyricinoleat oder Polyglyce-rinpoly-12-hydroxystearat, Ebenfalls geeignet sind Gemische von Verbindungen aus mehreren dieser Substanzklassen;
• (5) Partialester auf Basis linearer, verzweigter, ungesättigter bzw. gesättigter C_6/22-Fettsäuren, Ricinolsäure sowie 12-Hydroxystearinsäure und Glycerin, Polyglycerin, Pentaerythrit, Dipenta-erythrit, Zuckeralkohole (z.B. Sorbit), Alkylglucoside (z.B. Methylglucosid, Butylglucosid, Lauryl-glucosid) sowie Polyglucoside (z.B. Cellulose);
• (6) Trialkylphosphate sowie Mono-, Di- und/oder Tri-PEG-alkylphosphate;
• (7) Wollwachsalkohole;
• (8) Polysiloxan-Polyalkyl-Polyether-Copolymere bzw. entsprechende Derivate;
• (9) Mischester aus Pentaerythrit, Fettsäuren, Citronensäure und Fettalkohol gemäß DE-PS 1165574 und/oder Mischester von Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, Methylglucose und Polyolen, vorzugsweise Glycerin sowie
• (13) Polyalkylenglycole,

Co-emulsifiers, such as, for example, nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups, are suitable as further components:

• (1) addition products of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide to linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and to alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group;
• (2) glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and their ethylene oxide addition products;
• (3) alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and their ethoxylated analogs;
• (4) polyol and especially polyglycerol esters such as Polyglycerinpolyricinoleat or Polyglyce-rinpoly-12-hydroxystearat, Also suitable are mixtures of compounds of several of these classes of substances;
• (5) _{partial esters} based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C _6/22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (eg methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, Lauryl glucoside) as well as polyglucosides (eg cellulose);
• (6) trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates;
• (7) wool wax alcohols;
• (8) polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives;
• (9) mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol according to DE-PS 1165574 and / or mixed esters of fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol and
• (13) polyalkylene glycols,

The addition products of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of fatty acids or to castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are homolog mixtures, whose average degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the molar amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out.

C _8/18 alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides, their preparation and their use as surfactants are for example US 3,839,318 . US 3,707,535 . US 3,547,828 . DE-OS 19 43 689 . DE-OS 20 36 472 and DE-A1 30 01 064 such as EP-A 0 077 167 known. They are prepared in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Regarding the glycoside residue, it is true that both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically linked to the fatty alcohol, as well oligomeric glycosides having a degree of oligomerization to preferably about 8 are suitable. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean, which is based on a homolog distribution typical for such technical products

Furthermore, zwitterionic surfactants can be used as emulsifiers. Zwitterionic surfactants are those surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, for example Kokosalkyldimethylam-moniumglycinat, N-acylamino-propyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, for example cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3 -carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolines having in each case 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate. Particularly preferred is the fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine. Also suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants. Ampholytic surfactants are understood as meaning those surface-active compounds which, apart from a C _8/18 alkyl or acyl group in the molecule, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO ₃ H group and are capable of forming internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids each having about 8 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and C _12/18 acylsarcosine. In addition to the ampholytic, quaternary emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.

As further additives substances such as lanolin and lecithin as well as polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used, the latter also serving as foam stabilizers. If needed, the consistency factors are mainly fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and in addition partial glycerides into consideration. Preference is given to a combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. If necessary, suitable thickening agents are for example polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, furthermore higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and di-esters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, (eg Carbopole® of Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides and electrolytes such as saline and ammonium chloride.

Depending on which properties the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention is to have, it is also possible to add suitable cationic polymers. These are selected, for example, from cationic cellulose derivatives, such as a quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose, available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone-vinylimidazole polymers such as Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of Polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as Lauryldimonium hydroxy-propyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers such as amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and Dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylentrimamin (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with Dime -thyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides as described, for example, in US Pat FR-A 22 52 840 and their crosslinked water-soluble polymers, cationic chitin derivatives such as quaternized chitosan, optionally microcrystalline distributed, condensation products of Dihalogenalkylen such as dibromobutane with bis-dialkylamines such as bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum such as Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C -17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.

• Glycerin;
• Alkylenglycole wie beispielsweise Ethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Propylenglycol, Butylenglycol, Hexylenglycol sowie Polyethylenglycole mit einem durchschnittlichen Molekulargewicht von 100 bis 1.000 Dalton;
• technische Oligoglyceringemische mit einem Eigenkondensationsgrad von 1,5 bis 10 wie etwa technische Diglyceringemische mit einem Diglyceringehalt von 40 bis 50 Gew.-%;
• Methyolverbindungen, wie insbesondere Trimethylolethan, Trimethylolpropan, Trimethylolbutan, Pentaerythrit und Dipentaerythrit;
• Niedrigalkylglucoside, insbesondere solche, mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffen im Alkylrest wie beispiels-weise Methyl- und Butylglucosid;
• Zuckeralkohole mit 5 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen wie beispielsweise Sorbit oder Mannit,
• Zucker mit 5 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen wie beispielsweise Glucose oder Saccharose;
• Aminozucker wie beispielsweise Glucamin.

In order to improve the flow behavior of the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, hydrotropes such as, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or polyols can furthermore be used. Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. Typical examples are

• glycerol;
• Alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;
• technical oligoglycerine blends having an inherent degree of condensation of from 1.5 to 10 such as technical grade diglycerin blends having a diglycerol content of from 40 to 50 weight percent;
• Methylol compounds, in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;
• Niedrigalkylglucoside, in particular those having 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical such as, for example, methyl and Butylglucosid;
• Sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,
• Sugars having 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as glucose or sucrose;
• Amino sugars such as glucamine.

• (x) 1 bis 50 Gew.-% Wachsester,
• (a) 0,04 bis 10 Gew.-% Triglyceride,
• (b) 0,04 bis 10 Gew.-% Partialglyceride und
• (c) 0,04 bis 20 Gew.-% Fettalkoholpolyglycolether

ein, mit der Maßgabe, dass sich die Mengenangaben mit Wasser und gegebenenfalls weiteren üblichen Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu 100 Gew.-% ergänzen.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, O / W emulsions containing

• (x) 1 to 50% by weight of wax ester,
• (a) 0.04 to 10% by weight of triglycerides,
• (b) 0.04 to 10% by weight of partial glycerides and
• (c) 0.04 to 20% by weight of fatty alcohol polyglycol ether

with the proviso that the amounts are supplemented with water and optionally other customary auxiliaries and additives to 100 wt .-%.

• d) stickstoffhaltigen, aliphatischen, organischen Verbindungen mit weniger als 10 C-Atomen im Molekül, vorzugsweise weniger als 7 C-Atomen im Molekül, das besonders bevorzugt eine zusätzliche OH-Gruppe enthält, und/oder
• e) einer organischen Carbonsäure mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen im Molekül, vorzugsweise Essigsäure und/oder Capronsäure vor.

Preferably, in the O / W emulsions to be used according to the invention, at least one alcoholic component selected from monohydroxy, dihydroxy and trihydroxy compounds is selected in combination with at least one further component

• d) nitrogen-containing, aliphatic, organic compounds having less than 10 C atoms in the molecule, preferably less than 7 C atoms in the molecule, which particularly preferably contains an additional OH group, and / or
• e) an organic carboxylic acid having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, preferably acetic acid and / or caproic acid.

In addition, it is preferred that the proportion of said alcoholic component, based on the total O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, is greater than 20% by weight, particularly preferably greater than 50% by weight, but not greater than 61.8 Wt .-% is.

Preferably, said alcoholic component to be used in the O / W emulsion to be used in the present invention is substantially glycerol.

vorliegt, wobei die Reste R¹, R², R³ unabhängig voneinander H oder -(CH₂)_n-OH mit n=1 oder 2 sein können, wobei nicht alle Reste R¹, R², R³ gleichzeitig H sein dürfen. Dabei ist es ganz besonders bevorzugt, wenn die genannte stickstoffhaltige Verbindung (d) Monoethanolamin und/oder Triethanolamin ist.Also preferred is an O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention in which the said nitrogen-containing compound (d) is a compound of the formula (5)

is present, where the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ^{3 can be} independently H or - (CH ₂ ) _n -OH with n = 1 or 2, wherein not all radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ may be H simultaneously , It is very particularly preferred if said nitrogen-containing compound (d) is monoethanolamine and / or triethanolamine.

In the case where the nitrogen-containing compound (d) is present in the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, its proportion, based on the total concentrate, is 0.1 to 20% by weight.

In the event that in the present invention to be used O / W emulsion said organic carboxylic acid (s), is present, their proportion, based on the total concentrate, 0.1 to 20 wt .-%.

It is further preferred that the proportion of the aqueous phase in the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention is greater than 95% by weight, based on the total O / W emulsion. For the purposes of the present invention, an aqueous phase is to be understood as meaning at least 10% by weight of water together with all the components contained therein, with the proviso that together they form a single phase, without phase boundaries.

• (x) 25 bis 50 Gew.-% Wachsester,
• (a) 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Triglyceride,
• (b) 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Partialglyceride und
• (c) 1 bis 20 Gew.-% Fettalkoholpolyglycolether

enthält, mit der Maßgabe, dass sich die Mengenangaben mit Wasser und gegebenenfalls weiteren üblichen Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu 100 Gew.-% ergänzen.In another O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, this is present as a high concentrate which

• (x) 25 to 50% by weight wax ester,
• (a) 1 to 10% by weight of triglycerides,
• (b) 1 to 10% by weight of partial glycerides and
• (c) 1 to 20% by weight of fatty alcohol polyglycol ether

contains, with the proviso that the quantities with water and optionally other customary auxiliaries and additives to 100 wt .-% complement.

Depending on the formulation, it is further preferred that the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention additionally comprises at least one antimicrobial component selected from the groups of the alcohols, aldehydes, antimicrobial acids, carboxylic acid esters, acid amides, phenols, phenol derivatives, diphenyls, diphenylalkanes, urea derivatives, oxygen , Nitrogen acetals and formals, benzamidines, isothiazolines, phthalimide derivatives, pyridine derivatives, antimicrobial surface active compounds, guanidines, antimicrobial amphoteric compounds, quinolines, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, iodo-2-propynyl-butyl-carbamate , Iodine, iodophores, peroxides, peracids, wherein the components mentioned are different from the previously mentioned components contained in the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention is produced immediately prior to application to the belts of said conveyor belt system, wherein it is particularly preferred the production of said O / W emulsion is carried out in special mixing nozzles suitable for the production of O / W emulsions.

Preferably, the invention to be used O / W emulsion or its dilute solution for the transport of plastic, cardboard, metal or glass containers is used, wherein in the case of plastic containers, these more preferably at least one polymer selected from the groups of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthenate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), PVC, and most preferably PET beverage bottles.

Furthermore, when using the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, it is preferred that separately additional antimicrobial agents, in particular organic peracids, chlorine dioxide or ozone, be used in the application.

In the application of the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, it is further preferred to apply the O / W emulsion directly without prior dilution via an application device to the belts of the transport system.

Likewise, in the application of the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, it is preferred to dilute the O / W emulsion in the transport system with water, more preferably by a dilution factor of between 20,000 and 100, before it has an application device the belts of the transport system is applied.

In another preferred embodiment of the application of the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention, it is preferred for the application device to be in direct contact with the surfaces to be lubricated during application. For the purposes of the present invention is to be understood that the application, for example via brush, sponge, cloth, wiper, which are in direct contact with the chain occurs.

Depending on requirements, it may also be preferable to use a spraying device as the application device.

Another object of the present invention is a present as O / W emulsion lubricant concentrate containing a wax ester, for the lubrication of conveyor belts in food processing plants.

1. a) Triglyceride,
2. b) Partialglyceride, oder
3. c) Fettalkoholpolyglykolether.

Preferably, the lubricant concentrate according to the invention contains at least one further component selected from the groups of

1. a) triglycerides,
2. b) partial glycerides, or
3. c) fatty alcohol polyglycol ether.

All embodiments which were made within the scope of the description of the O / W emulsion to be used according to the invention also apply analogously to the lubricant concentrates according to the invention.

Examples

Chain lubricant concentrates were formulated as O / W emulsion in different compositions and examined for their properties. The viscosity of formulations E1 and E2 was determined by the Brookfield method in an RVF viscometer (spindle 1, 10 revolutions per minute (rpm)) once immediately after preparation (20 ° C.) and once again after a storage time of 4 weeks measured at 45 ° C. The stability of the formulations was determined optically after storage (4 °, 45 ° C.). Where "+" means stable and "-" means phase separation, <b><u> Table 1: </ u></b> Formulations of the tested chain lubricants (amounts in% by weight) Composition / property E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 Cetyl palmitate 30 40 4.44 2,678 2.08 3.33 3.33 4.44 4.44 Hydrogenated Castor Oil 4 6 0.67 0.4 0.26 0.44 0.44 0.67 0.67 Glycryl Stearate 2 3 0.33 0.2 0.13 0.22 0.22 0.33 0.33 Beheneth-10 (Behenylakohol / C ₂₂ with about 10 moles of EO 8th 12 1.33 0.8 0.52 0.89 0.89 1.33 1.33 formic acid - - 2 - 0.13 - - - - acetic acid - - - 3 - - - - - C ₁₈ alkoxypropylamine - - - 5 - - - - - KOH - - - 2 - - - - - tallow betaine - - - - 10 - - - - peracetic acid - - - - - 2 - - - benzalkonium chloride - - - - - - 10 - - monobromoacetic - - - - - - - 12.5 iodine - - - - - - - - 1.1 potassium iodide - - - - - - - - 2 water to 100% by weight Viscosity - Immediately [mPas] 6000 6400 - - - - - - - Viscosity - after storage [mPas] 6100 6400 - - - - - - stability + + - - - - - -

Lubricating tests were carried out with the formulations E1 and E3, as well as E4. For this purpose, the product was diluted with water of different quality in order to determine a dependence of the lubricating behavior on the water quality. As transport containers, PET bottles were tested in lubricant tests on test transporters. The experiments were carried out in the manner described in the prior art.

Furthermore, the PET bottles were tested on different chain materials.

As the following Table 2 shows, very good lubrication values were achieved.

The formulation E1 has excellent lubricating properties, especially with saline, hard water. The formulations E3 and E4 show very good values even in demineralized water.

Similar properties were achieved in experiments with the other formulations E2 and E5 to E9. <b><u> Table 2: </ u></b> Lubricating tests with diluted application solutions of the formulations E1 and E3 as well as E4 formulation Chain material Concentration [ppm] water friction E1 stole 100 VE (demineralized) 0.110 - 0.140 100 16 ° d 0.060-0.080 200 VE (demineralized) 0.100 - 0.120 200 16 ° d 0.065-0.090 400 VE (demineralized) 0.070-0.080 400 16 ° d 0.045-0.060 plastic 100 VE (demineralized) 0.120 - 0.160 100 16 ° d 0.075-0.090 200 VE (demineralized) 0.080 - 0.130 200 16 ° d 0.055 - 0.080 400 VE (demineralized) 0.070 - 0.110 400 16 ° d 0.050-0.070 E3 stole 1000 VE (demineralized) 0.07-0.09 1000 16 ° d 0.06-0.08 plastic 1000 VE (demineralized) 0.065-0.08 1000 16 ° d 0.05-0.07 E4 stole 700 VE (demineralized) 0.065-0.09 700 16 ° d 0.055-0.07 plastic 700 VE (demineralized) 0.05-0.07 700 16 ° d 0.04-0.06

Among other things, when evaluating this series of experiments, it should be emphasized that combinations with alkoxypropylamine produce excellent lubricating values despite the lower amount of cetyl palmitate in the combination. A further advantage of such combinations is that alkoxypropylene amines contribute additional antimicrobial effectiveness to the combination.

R

ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter, linearer oder verzweigter, gesättigter oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigter Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, wobei die Substituenten ausgewählt sind aus Amino, Imino, Hydroxy, Halogen und Carboxy, oder ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter Phenylrest, wobei die Substituenten ausgewählt sind aus Amino, Imino, Hydroxy, Halogen, Carboxy und einem linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, ist;

A

für -O- steht,

X^-

ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure bedeutet,

k, l

unabhängig voneinander eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 6 ist;

y

O, 1, 2, 3, 4 oder 5 ist,

n

eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 ist.

These advantages could be confirmed in some experiments for known in chain lubricants alkoxypropylamine types of the general formula

RA- (CH _{2) k} -NH - [(CH _{2) l} -NH] _y -H · (H ⁺ X ^-) _n (V)

in which

R

a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are selected from amino, imino, hydroxy, halogen and carboxy, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, wherein the substituents are selected from amino, imino, hydroxy, halogen, carboxy and a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, is;

A

stands for -O-,

X ^-

an anion of an inorganic or organic acid means

k, l

independently is an integer in the range of 1 to 6;

y

O, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

n

is an integer from 0 to 6.

Incidentally, very good lubrication values were also achieved by combining the lubricant concentrates according to the invention with amines of the formula (V) in which A corresponded to an -NH group.

Moreover, good results are obtained when the lubricant concentrates according to the invention with known from literature and practice chain lubricant agents according to the formulas (I), (II) a, (IIb), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IVa) and / or (IVb) combined.

With such combinations, it is possible to reduce the otherwise required active ingredient concentration of, due to toxicological and ecological concerns, often critical seen amines at will.

Accordingly, the present invention also enriches the selection of formulation resources for the application engineer.

The lubricant concentrates combined with amine-containing chain lubricant agents are generally sufficiently effective antimicrobial to prevent in practice germ growth or even kill germs. If these combination active ingredients are lacking or if their concentration is not high enough, further antimicrobial active ingredients can of course be added if required.

This is only exemplified in Examples E6, E7, E8 and E9. There are many other possibilities as well.

To determine the material compatibility, the TNO method was used. For this purpose, the formulation E1 was used without dilution and as an application solution with 1%.

According to the test description, PET bottles are filled with water and conditioned with carbon dioxide in such a way that there is a pressure of about 7 bar inside the bottles. Thereafter, the bottoms of the bottles are immersed in the formulation of the comparative example or the example to be used according to the invention and placed in a petri dish over a period of 24 hours. After the 24 hours, the bottles are opened, emptied and the floor cups rinsed with water. In the case of visual evaluation of the floor cups, it can be stated that in the experiment with the example to be used according to the invention, it can be established that only a few stress cracks with a shallow depth, classification A, are present in the floor area. The classification is based on the reference pictures, which are given in chapter IV-22 of the book 'CODE OF PRACTICE - Guidelines for an Industrial Code of Practice for Refillable PET Bottles', Edition 1, 1993-1994 , are included.

Consequently, the behavior towards PET bottles is also to be evaluated positively: For both tests, low stress corrosion cracking was only detected in the bottom cup. The base ring showed no stress corrosion cracking.

It was, as already stated, found that the persistence of the application solution of the inventive composition E1 increases on the chains with increasing water hardness.

Consequently, by increasing the water hardness, an extension of the pauses between the metering times can be achieved.

Claims (23)

1. Use of an O/W emulsion, containing a wax ester, in concentrated form or after dilution with water for the lubrication of conveyor belts in food processing plants.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the O/W emulsion is a PIT emulsion.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the O/W emulsion contains at least one further component selected from the groups of

   (a) triglycerides,

   (b) partial glycerides, or

   (c) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers.
4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that wax esters having formula (1) are used,
   
           R¹CO-OR²     (1)
   
   in which R¹CO represents a saturated and/or unsaturated acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and R² represents an alkyl and/or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
5. Use according to either claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a) shall be understood to mean triglycerides having the formula (2),

   

   in which R³CO, R⁴CO and R⁵CO independently of one another represent linear or branched, saturated and/or unsaturated, optionally hydroxy- and/or epoxy-substituted acyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and the sum (m+n+p) stands for 0 or numbers from 1 to 100.
6. Use according to any one or more of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that b) shall be understood to mean partial glycerides having the formula (3),

   

   in which R⁶CO represents a linear or branched, saturated and/or unsaturated acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R⁷ and R⁸ independently of one another represent R⁶CO or OH, and the sum (m+n+p) stands for 0 or numbers from 1 to 100, with the proviso that at least one of the two groups R⁷ and R⁸ denotes OH.
7. Use according to any one or more of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that c) shall be understood to mean fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers having the formula (4),
   
           R⁹O(CH₂CH₂O)_qH     (4)
   
   in which R⁹ represents a linear or branched alkyl and/or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and q denotes numbers from 1 to 50.
8. Use according to any one or more of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that O/W emulsions containing

   (x) 1 to 50 wt.% wax esters,

   (a) 0.04 to 10 wt.% triglycerides,

   (b) 0.04 to 10 wt.% partial glycerides and

   (c) 0.04 to 20 wt.% fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers

   are used, with the proviso that the quantities are supplemented with water and optionally further customary additives and auxiliary substances so as to make 100 wt.%.
9. The use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said O/W emulsion contains at least one alcoholic component selected from monohydroxy, dihydroxy and trihydroxy compounds, in combination with at least one further component selected from

   (d) nitrogen-containing, aliphatic, organic compounds having fewer than 10 C atoms in the molecule and/or

   (e) an organic carboxylic acid having 1 to 10 C atoms in the molecule.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the fraction of said alcoholic component relative to the overall O/W emulsion is greater than 20 wt.%.
11. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that, as said nitrogen-containing compound (d), a compound having formula 5

    

    is present, wherein the groups R¹, R², R³ independently of one another can be H or -(CH₂)_n-OH where n=1 or 2, not all groups R¹, R², R³ simultaneously being allowed to be H.
12. Use according to any one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the fraction of nitrogen-containing compound (d) relative to the overall concentrate is 0.1 to 20 wt.%.
13. Use according to one or more of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the fraction of said organic carboxylic acid (e) relative to the overall concentrate is 0.1 to 20 wt.%.
14. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the fraction of the aqueous phase in the O/W emulsion is greater than 95 wt.% relative to the overall O/W emulsion.
15. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that O/W emulsions containing

    (x) 25 to 50 wt.% wax esters,

    (a) 1 to 10 wt.% triglycerides,

    (b) 1 to 10 wt.% partial glycerides and

    (c) 1 to 20 wt.% fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers

    are used, with the proviso that the quantities are supplemented with water and optionally further customary additives and auxiliary substances so as to make up 100 wt.%.
16. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that said O/W emulsion additionally contains at least one antimicrobial component selected from the groups of alcohols, aldehydes, antimicrobial acids, carboxylic acid esters, acid amides, phenols, phenol derivatives, diphenyls, diphenylalkanes, urea derivatives, oxygen acetals and formals, nitrogen acetals and formals, benzamidines, isothiazolines, phthalimide derivatives, pyridine derivatives, antimicrobial surface-active compounds, guanidines, antimicrobial amphoteric compounds, quinolines, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, iodine, iodophors, peroxides, peracids, the above-mentioned components being different from the components cited in claims 2 to 15.
17. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that said O/W emulsion is produced immediately before being applied to the belts on said conveyor belt system.
18. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that said O/W emulsion or the diluted solution thereof is used to transport plastic, cardboard, metal or glass containers.
19. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the O/W emulsion is applied directly to the belts on the conveyor system by way of an application device, without prior dilution.
20. Use according to any one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the O/W emulsion is diluted with water in the conveyor system before being applied to the belts on the conveyor system by way of an application device.
21. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the O/W emulsion is diluted by a dilution factor ranging between 20,000 and 100.
22. Use according to any one or more of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the application device is in direct contact with the surfaces to be lubricated during the application.
23. Use according to any one or more of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that a spray device is used as the application device.