EP0412271A1 - Hydraulic fluids - Google Patents

Hydraulic fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0412271A1
EP0412271A1 EP90112004A EP90112004A EP0412271A1 EP 0412271 A1 EP0412271 A1 EP 0412271A1 EP 90112004 A EP90112004 A EP 90112004A EP 90112004 A EP90112004 A EP 90112004A EP 0412271 A1 EP0412271 A1 EP 0412271A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
hydraulic fluids
alkyl
alkyl polyglycoside
fluids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90112004A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0412271B1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Balzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huels AG
Original Assignee
Huels AG
Chemische Werke Huels AG
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/06—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/08—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to flame-retardant hydraulic fluids that are environmentally compatible and have lubricating properties.
  • Hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils are particularly common. In the mining industry, however, flame-retardant hydraulic fluids are required for safety reasons. B. in Schrämm machines, tunnel boring machines, turbo couplings and hydraulic rams. Flame-retardant liquids are also preferred outside of mining wherever there are devastating fires when flammable media escape from the closed hydraulic system.
  • the current flame-retardant hydraulic fluids are, in particular, aqueous systems, either oil-in-water emulsions (HFA) or glycol-polyglycol-water mixtures (HFC).
  • HFA oil-in-water emulsions
  • HFC glycol-polyglycol-water mixtures
  • the main disadvantage of the o / w emulsions is that they are metastable systems, which can be particularly critical due to temperature fluctuations and electrolytes (DE-OS 35 08 946). If thickened systems are involved, such as the avoidance of leakage losses in the gap seals of pumps and valves or the build-up of lubricating films between rubbing solid surfaces, the polymers used here are usually not or only insufficiently stable under shear.
  • HFC fluids based on mono-, oligo- or polyglycols have, in addition to extensive flame resistance, the advantage of physiological harmlessness and ecological acceptance (P. Lehringer, Petroleum and Coal-Natural Gas-Petrochemicals 41, 230 (1988)), which is particularly advantageous for Mobile use is where hydraulic fluid leaks often seep into the ground.
  • the systems are also considered to be largely shear stable, but this is to be viewed critically in view of the fact that usually the polymers in particular make the greatest contribution to the overall viscosity of the liquid, because of their chemical structure they are most at risk of shear.
  • Another disadvantage of the current HFC liquids is that the proportion of active substance must be very high, even at a somewhat elevated temperature still have a minimum viscosity. Water contents ⁇ 50% are quite typical here (C. Rasp, Tribologie Schmtechnikstechn. 35, 185 (1988).
  • the additive packages for producing more favorable effects in lubrication and wear protection are very complex here.
  • the task was therefore to develop flame-retardant, environmentally compatible hydraulic fluids that are sufficiently viscous at low active ingredient concentrations and have a favorable lubricating effect.
  • the invention therefore relates to aqueous hydraulic fluids which are characterized in that they contain 5-30% by weight alkyl polyglycoside, 0 to 20% by weight surfactant additives, 0-10% by weight non-surfactant additives and water ad 100% by weight. %, the active ingredient content being a maximum of 40% by weight.
  • alkylpolyglycosides even at lower concentrations, alone or in the presence of other surfactants, have a particularly high level of viscosity with a very good lubricating effect.
  • the alkyl oligoglycosides used in accordance with the invention can be prepared entirely or partially on the basis of renewable raw materials by known processes. For example, dextrose is reacted with n-butanol to give butyl oligoglycoside mixtures in the presence of an acid catalyst, which are transglycosidated with long-chain alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to give the desired alkyl oliglycoside mixtures.
  • the formula of the products can be varied within certain limits.
  • the alkyl radical R ' is determined by the selection of the long-chain alcohol.
  • Favorable for economic reasons are the industrially accessible tenside alcohols with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. B. oxo alcohols, Ziegleralkohole and native alcohols from the hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives.
  • the oligoglycosyl radical Z n is determined, on the one hand, by the selection of the carbohydrate and, on the other hand, by setting the average degree of oligomerization n. B. according to DE-OS 19 43 689.
  • polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides e.g. B. starch, maltodextrins, dextrose, galactose, mannose, xylose, etc. can be converted to alkyl oligoglycosides.
  • the industrially available carbohydrates starch, maltodextrins and dextrose are particularly preferred.
  • alkyl polyglycosides are always mixtures of oligomers, which in turn represent a mixture of different isomeric forms. They exist side by side with ⁇ - and ⁇ -glycosidic bonds in pyranose and furanose form. The links between two saccharide residues are also different.
  • the alkyl polyglycosides can also contain accompanying substances such as residual alcohols, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and oligoalkyl polyglycosides.
  • cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds as additives to alkyl polyglycosides in aqueous hydraulic fluids also have beneficial effects, e.g. B. a strong improvement in lubricating properties.
  • Suitable non-surfactant additives in the hydraulic fluids according to the invention are amines or alkanolamines as pH regulators or corrosion inhibitors; Sodium molybdate, boric acid amine ester, benzotrialzole or toluene triazole also as corrosion inhibitors; Morpholine or N-methylmolpholin as vapor phase inhibitors; Silicone defoamers or other defoamers; Glycol and / or glycol ether or urea as a solubilizer and optionally water-soluble polymers for correcting the temperature profile of the viscosity and preservatives.
  • the hydraulic fluid according to the invention is based on the alkylpolyglycosides, a toxicologically, unobjectionable surfactant class of excellent biodegradability (95 to 97% by weight coupled unit test, DOC). 3 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 25 wt .-%, alkyl polyglycoside are contained in the liquids according to the invention, the total active ingredient concentration at max. 40% by weight, preferably 35% by weight.
  • the pressure fluids according to the invention are usually clear in the temperature range between 5 and 80 ° C. or possibly slightly opalescent in the presence of silicone defoamers. They are usually weakly alkaline.
  • MARLON A linear C10C13 alkylbenzenesulfonate Na salt (Hüls AG)
  • MARLON (R) PS C13C17 paraffin sulfonate sodium salt Hüls AG
  • Polymekon (R) 730 silicone defoamer Goldschmidt AG
  • a 15 wt .-% solution of C12C13 alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.7, determined via 1 H-NMR) in demineralized water was prepared.
  • the viscosity behavior of the solution (Haake RV 20 rotational viscometer, M 5, 50 ° C, shear range 30-300 sec ⁇ 1) is Newtonian and is approx. 150 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the clear point of the solution is 10 ° C. As the temperature rises (up to 80 °), the solution does not undergo any optical change.
  • a 10 wt .-% solution of C10-C14 alkyl polyglycoside (D.P. about 1.3) in demineralized water shows Newtonian flow behavior and has a viscosity of 70 mPa ⁇ s at 50 ° C.
  • the analysis of the wear behavior carried out analogously to Example 1 showed a weight loss of the test specimen of 15 mg.

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Abstract

The invention relates to aqueous hydraulic fluids of low flammability, which are environmentally acceptable and have lubricating properties. Known hydraulic fluids based on oil-in-water emulsions (HFA) are metastable systems, so that temperature fluctuations and electrolytes have a critical effect on the system. In the case of systems thickened by polymers, the shear stability is inadequate. In HFC fluids, high use concentrations are necessary to produce a minimum viscosity. The novel hydraulic fluids are intended not to show these disadvantages. For this purpose, aqueous hydraulic fluids are proposed which contain 5 - 30 % by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside and up to 20 % by weight of surfactant-type additives and also up to 10 % by weight of other conventional additives. These novel hydraulic fluids have advantageous lubricating activities at a low active compound concentration.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft schwerentflammbare, Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, die umweltverträglich sind und schmierende Eigenschaften haben.The invention relates to flame-retardant hydraulic fluids that are environmentally compatible and have lubricating properties.

Gebräuchlich sind besonders Hydraulikflüssigkeiten auf Mineralöl­basis. Im Bergbau jedoch werden aus Sicherheitsgründen schwerent­flammbare Druckflüssigkeiten benötigt, die dort mannigfaltige Anwen­dung z. B. in Schrämm-Maschinen, Streckenvortriebsmaschinen, Turbo­kupplungen und Hydraulikstempeln finden. Aber auch außerhalb des Berg­baus werden schwerentflammbare Flüssigkeiten überall dort bevorzugt, wo es bei Austritt brennbarer Medien aus dem geschlossenen Hydraulik­system zu verheerenden Bränden kommen kann.Hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils are particularly common. In the mining industry, however, flame-retardant hydraulic fluids are required for safety reasons. B. in Schrämm machines, tunnel boring machines, turbo couplings and hydraulic rams. Flame-retardant liquids are also preferred outside of mining wherever there are devastating fires when flammable media escape from the closed hydraulic system.

Die derzeitigen schwerentflammbaren Hydraulikflussigkeiten sind insbesondere wäßrige Systeme, entweder Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen (HFA) oder Glycol-Polyglycol-Wasser-Mischungen (HFC). Der Hauptnachteil der o/w-Emulsionen ist der, daß es sich um metastabile Systeme handelt, was insbesondere durch Temperaturschwankungen und Elektrolyte kritisch werden kann (DE-OS 35 08 946). Handelt es sich um verdickte Systeme, wie es die Vermeidung von Leckverlusten in den Spaltdich­tungen von Pumpen und Ventilen bzw. der Aufbau von schmierenden Filmen zwischen reibenden Festkörperoberflächen voraussetzen, sind die hierbei eingesetzten Polymere gewöhnlich nicht oder nur unzu­reichend scherstabil.The current flame-retardant hydraulic fluids are, in particular, aqueous systems, either oil-in-water emulsions (HFA) or glycol-polyglycol-water mixtures (HFC). The main disadvantage of the o / w emulsions is that they are metastable systems, which can be particularly critical due to temperature fluctuations and electrolytes (DE-OS 35 08 946). If thickened systems are involved, such as the avoidance of leakage losses in the gap seals of pumps and valves or the build-up of lubricating films between rubbing solid surfaces, the polymers used here are usually not or only insufficiently stable under shear.

HFC-Fluide auf der Basis von Mono-, Oligo- bzw. Polyglycolen besitzen neben weitgehender Schwerbrennbarkeit den Vorteil physiologischer Unbedenklichkeit und ökologischer Akzeptanz (P. Lehringer, Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie 41, 230 (1988)), was besonders vorteilhaft beim mobilen Einsatz ist, wo Druckflüssigkeitsleckagen häufig im Erdreich versickern. Die Systeme gelten auch als weitgehend scher­stabil, was jedoch kritisch zu sehen ist im Hinblick darauf, daß ge­wöhnlich besonders die Polymeren den höchsten Beitrag zur Gesamtvis­kosität der Flüssigkeit erbringen, die aufgrund ihrer chemischen Struktur am stärksten schergefährdet sind. Ein weiterer Nachteil der derzeitigen HFC-Flüssigkeiten besteht darin, daß der Anteil an Wirk­substanz sehr hoch liegen muß, um auch bei etwas erhöhter Temperatur noch eine Mindestviskosität zu besitzen. Wassergehalte ≦ 50 % sind hier durchaus typisch (C. Rasp, Tribologie Schmierungstechn. 35, 185 (1988). Außerdem sind die Additivpakete zur Erzeugung günstigerer Wirkungen bei der Schmierung und beim Verschleißschutz hier sehr komplex.HFC fluids based on mono-, oligo- or polyglycols have, in addition to extensive flame resistance, the advantage of physiological harmlessness and ecological acceptance (P. Lehringer, Petroleum and Coal-Natural Gas-Petrochemicals 41, 230 (1988)), which is particularly advantageous for Mobile use is where hydraulic fluid leaks often seep into the ground. The systems are also considered to be largely shear stable, but this is to be viewed critically in view of the fact that usually the polymers in particular make the greatest contribution to the overall viscosity of the liquid, because of their chemical structure they are most at risk of shear. Another disadvantage of the current HFC liquids is that the proportion of active substance must be very high, even at a somewhat elevated temperature still have a minimum viscosity. Water contents ≦ 50% are quite typical here (C. Rasp, Tribologie Schmierungstechn. 35, 185 (1988). In addition, the additive packages for producing more favorable effects in lubrication and wear protection are very complex here.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, schwerentflammbare, umweltverträgliche Hydraulikflüssigkeiten zu entwickeln, die bei niedriger Wirkstoffkon­zentration genügend viskos sind und günstige Schmierwirkung zeigen.The task was therefore to develop flame-retardant, environmentally compatible hydraulic fluids that are sufficiently viscous at low active ingredient concentrations and have a favorable lubricating effect.

Die Aufgabe wurde durch wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gelöst, die als Basis eine wäßrige Tensidlösung enthalten.The problem was solved by aqueous hydraulic fluids containing an aqueous surfactant solution as a basis.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind daher wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß sie 5 - 30 Gew.-% Alkylpoly­glycosid, 0 bis 20 Gew.-% tensidische Additive, 0 - 10 Gew.-% nicht­tensidische Additive und Wasser ad 100 Gew.-% enthalten, wobei der Wirkstoffanteil maximal 40 Gew.-% beträgt.The invention therefore relates to aqueous hydraulic fluids which are characterized in that they contain 5-30% by weight alkyl polyglycoside, 0 to 20% by weight surfactant additives, 0-10% by weight non-surfactant additives and water ad 100% by weight. %, the active ingredient content being a maximum of 40% by weight.

Es wurde überraschend gefunden, daß Alkylpolyglycoside schon bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen alleine oder auch in Gegenwart anderer Tenside ein besonders hohes Viskositätsniveau aufweisen, bei gleichzeitig sehr guter Schmierwirkung.It has surprisingly been found that alkylpolyglycosides, even at lower concentrations, alone or in the presence of other surfactants, have a particularly high level of viscosity with a very good lubricating effect.

AlkylpolyglycosideAlkyl polyglycosides

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Alkylpolyglycoside entsprechen der allgemeinen Formel (I)
R-O-Zn,      (I)
in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder unge­sättigten Alkylrest mit 8 bis 20, vorzugsweise 9 bis 18, Kohlenstoff­atomen und Zn für einen Oligoglycosidrest mit im Mittel n = 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5, Hexose- oder Pentoseinheiten oder Gemische davon steht.The alkyl polyglycosides used according to the invention correspond to the general formula (I)
RON n , (I)
in the R for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 8 to 20, preferably 9 to 18, carbon atoms and Z n for an oligoglycoside radical with an average of n = 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, hexose or pentos units or mixtures of it stands.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Alkyloligoglycoside können nach bekannten Verfahren ganz oder teilweise auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe hergestellt werden. Beispielsweise wird Dextrose in Gegenwart eines sauren Katalysators mit n-Butanol zu Butyloligoglyco­sidgemischen umgesetzt, welche mit langkettigen Alkoholen ebenfalls in Gegenwart eines sauren Katalysators zu den gewünschten Alkyloli­glycosidgemischen umglycosidiert werden. Die Formel der Produkte ist in bestimmten Grenzen variierbar. Der Alkylrest R′ wird durch die Auswahl des langkettigen Alkohols festgelegt. Günstig aus wirtschaft­lichen Gründen sind die großtechnisch zugänglichen Tensidalkohole mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen, z. B. Oxoalkohole, Ziegleralkohole und native Alkohole aus der Hydrierung von Fettsäuren bzw. Fettsäurederivaten.The alkyl oligoglycosides used in accordance with the invention can be prepared entirely or partially on the basis of renewable raw materials by known processes. For example, dextrose is reacted with n-butanol to give butyl oligoglycoside mixtures in the presence of an acid catalyst, which are transglycosidated with long-chain alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to give the desired alkyl oliglycoside mixtures. The formula of the products can be varied within certain limits. The alkyl radical R 'is determined by the selection of the long-chain alcohol. Favorable for economic reasons are the industrially accessible tenside alcohols with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. B. oxo alcohols, Ziegleralkohole and native alcohols from the hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives.

Der Oligoglycosylrest Zn wird einerseits durch die Auswahl des Kohlenhydrats und andererseits durch die Einstellung des mittleren Oligomerisationsgrades n z. B. nach DE-OS 19 43 689 festgelegt. Im Prinzip können bekanntlich Polysaccharide, Oligosaccharide und Monosaccharide z. B. Stärke, Maltodextrine, Dextrose, Galaktose, Mannose, Xylose usw. zu Alkyloligoglycosiden umgesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind die großtechnisch verfügbaren Kohlenhydrate Stärke, Maltodextrine und Dextrose. Da die wirtschaftlich interessanten Alkylpolyglycosidsynthesen nicht regio- und stereoselektiv verlaufen, sind die Alkylpolyglycoside stets Gemische von Oligomeren, die ihrerseits Gemisch verschiedener isomerer Formen darstellen. Sie liegen nebeneinander mit α- und β-glycosidischen Bindungen in Pyranose- und Furanoseform vor. Auch die Verknüpfungs­stellen zwischen zwei Saccharidresten sind unterschiedlich.The oligoglycosyl radical Z n is determined, on the one hand, by the selection of the carbohydrate and, on the other hand, by setting the average degree of oligomerization n. B. according to DE-OS 19 43 689. In principle, it is known that polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, e.g. B. starch, maltodextrins, dextrose, galactose, mannose, xylose, etc. can be converted to alkyl oligoglycosides. The industrially available carbohydrates starch, maltodextrins and dextrose are particularly preferred. Since the economically interesting alkyl polyglycoside syntheses are not regio- and stereoselective, the alkyl polyglycosides are always mixtures of oligomers, which in turn represent a mixture of different isomeric forms. They exist side by side with α- and β-glycosidic bonds in pyranose and furanose form. The links between two saccharide residues are also different.

Synthesebedingt können die Alkylpolyglycoside auch Begleitsubstanzen wie Restalkohole, Monosaccharide, Oligosaccharide und Oligoalkylpoly­glycoside enthalten.Due to the synthesis, the alkyl polyglycosides can also contain accompanying substances such as residual alcohols, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and oligoalkyl polyglycosides.

Tensidische AdditiveSurfactant additives

Die erfindungsgemäßen schwerentflammbaren Hydraulikflüssigkeiten können ferner bis zu 20 Gew.-% tensidische Additive enthalten, die aus den nachfolgenden Verbindungen ausgewählt sind oder aus Mischungen dieser Verbindungen bestehen:

  • a) Alkylbenzol- oder Dialkylbenzolsulfonate der Formel (II)
    R(R₁)C₆H₃SO₃M      (II),
    in der R einen verzweigten oder unverzweigten Alkylrest mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen, R₁ H oder einen verzweigten oder unverzweigten Alkyl­rest mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, wobei die Kohlenstoffatomsumme von R und R₁ mindestens 8, vorzugsweise 10 bis 18, beträgt, und M Na, K, Ammonium oder Alkylammonium bedeuten.
  • b) Alkansulfonate und/oder Olefinsulfonate der Formel (III)
    R˝SO₃M′      (III)
    sein, in der R˝ ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, verzweigter oder unverzweigter Alkylrest mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen und M′ Na, K, Ammonium oder Alkylammonium bedeuten.
  • c) Petroleumsulfonate
  • d) Fettalkohol- bzw. Alkylphenolderivate der folgenden Formel (IV)
    [R‴(C₆H₄)xO(R˝˝O)y]z UvM˝,      (IV)
    in der R‴ ein gesättigter, verzweigter oder unverzweigter Alkyl­rest mit 6 bis 20, vorzugsweise 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatome, x = 0 oder 1, R˝˝ C₂H₄ oder C₃H₆, y 0 bis 15, z 1 oder 2, U SO₃, CH₂COO, CHCOO, v 0 oder 1 und M˝ H, Na, K, Ammonium oder Alkyl­ammonium bedeuten.
  • e) Weitere tensidische Zusätze sind Carbonsäuren mit längeren, verzweigten oder unverzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffketten sowie Phosphorsäurepartialester insbeson­dere von Alkoholen bzw. von Fettalkohol- bzw. Alkylphenoloxethy­laten. Letztere lassen sich durch Umsetzung der betreffenden Alkohole bzw. Oxethylate mit Phosphorsäuren, Phosphoroxiden oder Phosphorhalogeniden herstellen.
The flame-retardant hydraulic fluids according to the invention can also contain up to 20% by weight of surfactant additives which are selected from the following compounds or consist of mixtures of these compounds:
  • a) alkylbenzene or dialkylbenzenesulfonates of the formula (II)
    R (R₁) C₆H₃SO₃M (II),
    in which R is a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 8 to 20 C atoms, R₁ H or a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 C atoms, the sum of carbon atoms of R and R₁ being at least 8, preferably 10 to 18, and M is Na, K, ammonium or alkylammonium.
  • b) alkane sulfonates and / or olefin sulfonates of the formula (III)
    R˝SO₃M ′ (III)
    be in which R˝ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and M 'Na, K, ammonium or alkylammonium.
  • c) Petroleum sulfonates
  • d) fatty alcohol or alkylphenol derivatives of the following formula (IV)
    [R ‴ (C₆H₄) x O (R˝˝O) y ] z U v M˝, (IV)
    in which R ‴ is a saturated, branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 6 to 20, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms, x = 0 or 1, R˝˝ C₂H₄ or C₃H₆, y 0 to 15, z 1 or 2, U SO₃, CH₂COO, CHCOO, v 0 or 1 and M˝ H, Na, K, ammonium or alkylammonium.
  • e) Other surfactant additives are carboxylic acids with longer, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains and phosphoric acid partial esters, in particular of alcohols or of fatty alcohol or alkylphenol oxyethylates. The latter can be prepared by reacting the alcohols or oxyethylates in question with phosphoric acids, phosphorus oxides or phosphorus halides.

Schließlich zeigen auch kationische Tenside wie quaternäre Ammonium­verbindungen als Zusätze zu Alkylpolyglycosiden in wäßrigen Hydraulikflüssigkeiten günstige Wirkungen z. B. eine starke Verbesserung der schmierenden Eigenschaften.Finally, cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds as additives to alkyl polyglycosides in aqueous hydraulic fluids also have beneficial effects, e.g. B. a strong improvement in lubricating properties.

Nichttensidische ZusätzeNon-surfactant additives

Geeignete nichttensidische Zusätze bei den erfindungsgemäßen Hydrau­likflüssigkeiten sind Amine bzw. Alkanolamine als pH-Regulatoren bzw. Korrosionsinhibitoren; Natriummolybdat, Borsäureaminester, Benzotri­alzol bzw. Toluoltriazol ebenfalls als Korrosionsinhibitoren; Morpho­lin bzw. N-Methylmolpholin als Dampfphaseninhibitoren; Silikonent­schäumer oder andere Entschäumer; Glycol und/oder Glycolether bzw. Harnstoff als Löslichkeitsvermittler und gegebenenfalls wasserlös­liche Polymere zur Korrektur des Temperaturprofils der Viskosität sowie Konservierungsmittel.Suitable non-surfactant additives in the hydraulic fluids according to the invention are amines or alkanolamines as pH regulators or corrosion inhibitors; Sodium molybdate, boric acid amine ester, benzotrialzole or toluene triazole also as corrosion inhibitors; Morpholine or N-methylmolpholin as vapor phase inhibitors; Silicone defoamers or other defoamers; Glycol and / or glycol ether or urea as a solubilizer and optionally water-soluble polymers for correcting the temperature profile of the viscosity and preservatives.

Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Hydraulikflüssigkeit neben Wasser als Lösemittel sind die Alkylpolyglycoside, eine toxikologisch, umbe­denkliche Tensidklasse von hervorragender biologischer Abbaubarkeit (95 bis 97 Gew.-% Coupled Unit-Test, DOC). 3 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugs­weise 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, Alkylpolyglycosid sind in den erfindungsge­mäßen Flüssigkeiten enthalten, wobei die Gesamtwirkstoffkonzentration bei max. 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bei 35 Gew.-%, liegt.In addition to water as the solvent, the hydraulic fluid according to the invention is based on the alkylpolyglycosides, a toxicologically, unobjectionable surfactant class of excellent biodegradability (95 to 97% by weight coupled unit test, DOC). 3 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 25 wt .-%, alkyl polyglycoside are contained in the liquids according to the invention, the total active ingredient concentration at max. 40% by weight, preferably 35% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Druckflüssigkeiten sind gewöhnlich im Tempera­turbereich zwischen 5 und 80 °C klar bzw. evtl. in Gegenwart von Silikonentschäumern schwach opaleszierend. Sie sind gewöhnlich schwach alkalisch eingestellt.The pressure fluids according to the invention are usually clear in the temperature range between 5 and 80 ° C. or possibly slightly opalescent in the presence of silicone defoamers. They are usually weakly alkaline.

Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Flüssigkeiten erläutern, wobei
MARLON(R) A lineares C₁₀C₁₃-Alkylbenzolsulfonat-Na-Salz (Hüls AG)
MARLON(R) PS C₁₃C₁₇-Paraffinsulfonat Na-Salz (Hüls AG)
Polymekon(R) 730 Silikonentschäumer (Goldschmidt AG)
bedeuten.The following examples are intended to illustrate the liquids, where
MARLON (R) A linear C₁₀C₁₃ alkylbenzenesulfonate Na salt (Hüls AG)
MARLON (R) PS C₁₃C₁₇ paraffin sulfonate sodium salt (Hüls AG)
Polymekon (R) 730 silicone defoamer ( Goldschmidt AG)
mean.

Beispiel 1example 1

Eine 15 Gew.-%ige Lösung von C₁₂C₁₃-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. 1.7, bestimmt via ¹H-NMR) in VE-Wasser wurde hergestellt. Das Viskositäts­verhalten der Lösung (Rotationsviskosimeter Haake RV 20, M 5, 50 °C, Scherbereich 30-300 sec⁻¹) ist newtonisch und liegt bei ca. 150 mPa·s. Mehrfache jeweils 10minütige Ultrabeschallung (Telsonic USG 1000, 20 kHz) veränderte die Viskosität nicht und bestätigt die vermutete Scherstabilität des Systems. Der Klarpunkt der Lösung liegt bei 10 °C. Mit steigender Temperatur (bis 80 °) erfährt die Lösung keine optische Veränderung. Das Verschleißverhalten (Schmierwirkung) der Lösung wurde mit der Reibverschleißwaage nach Reichert untersucht (Gewichtsverlust der Prüfrollen nach 100 m Reibungsstrecke und 1 500 g Belastung). Der Mittelwert aus 3 Testläufen betrug 6.6 ± 0.5 mg bei einem spezifischen Flächdruck von 2 400 N/cm². Bei der Verschleißmessung wurde keine Schaumentwicklung beobachtet. Vergleichende Verschleißtests mit VE-Wasser einerseits und Ecubasol Hydrotherm(R) 36 (Hydraulikflüssigkeit auf Glycolbasis) anderseits ergaben unter analogen Bedingungen Gewichtsverlustwerte von 66 bzw. 6.9 mg. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse demonstriert, daß bereits eine 15 Gew.-%ige Lösung des Alkylpolyglycosids nicht nur ein ausreichendes Viskositätsniveau sondern auch stark schmierende Eigenschaften be­sitzt.A 15 wt .-% solution of C₁₂C₁₃ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.7, determined via 1 H-NMR) in demineralized water was prepared. The viscosity behavior of the solution (Haake RV 20 rotational viscometer, M 5, 50 ° C, shear range 30-300 sec⁻¹) is Newtonian and is approx. 150 mPa · s. Multiple ultrasound (Telsonic USG 1000, 20 kHz), each lasting 10 minutes, did not change the viscosity and confirmed the assumed shear stability of the system. The clear point of the solution is 10 ° C. As the temperature rises (up to 80 °), the solution does not undergo any optical change. The wear behavior (lubrication effect) of the solution was investigated with the friction wear balance according to Reichert (weight loss of the test rollers after 100 m friction distance and 1,500 g load). The mean value from 3 test runs was 6.6 ± 0.5 mg at a specific surface pressure of 2,400 N / cm². No foam development was observed during wear measurement. Comparative wear tests with demineralized water on the one hand and Ecubasol Hydrotherm (R) 36 (glycol-based hydraulic fluid) on the other hand showed weight loss values of 66 and 6.9 mg under similar conditions. The comparison of the results demonstrates that a 15% by weight solution of the alkyl polyglycoside not only has a sufficient viscosity level but also has strong lubricating properties.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Eine 15 Gew.-%ige Lösung von N-C₁₂-C₁₈-N, N, N Trimethylammonium­chlorid in VE-Wasser ist bei 50 °C geringviskos (ca. 1 mPa·s), ihre verschleißverhindernde Wirkung - analog Beispiel 1 durchgeführt - ist mit 34,5 mg Gewichtsverlust nur mittelmäßig. Ersetzt man jedoch die Hälfte der quaternären Ammoniumverbindung durch C₁₂C₁₃-Alkylpoly­glycosid (D.P. 1.7), so resultiert mit einem Gewichtsverlust von 10,9 ± 0,6 mg eine starke Schmierwirkung, wohingegen die Viskosität in Näherung unverändert bleibt und der Klarpunkt von +2 °C auf +5 °C steigt.A 15 wt .-% solution of N-C₁₂-C₁₈-N, N, N trimethylammonium chloride in demineralized water is low viscosity at 50 ° C (about 1 mPa · s), its wear-preventing effect - carried out analogously to Example 1 - is mediocre with 34.5 mg weight loss. However, if half of the quaternary ammonium compound is replaced by C₁₂C₁₃ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.7), a strong lubricating effect results with a weight loss of 10.9 ± 0.6 mg, whereas the approximate viscosity remains unchanged and the clear point of +2 ° C to +5 ° C.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Eine 10 Gew.-%ige Lösung von C₁₀-C₁₄-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. ca. 1,3) in VE-Wasser zeigt newton sches Fließverhalten und besitzt bei 50 °C eine Viskosität von 70 mPa·s. Die analog Beispiel 1 durchgefuhrte Untersuchung des Verschleißverhaltens erbrachte einen Gewichtsverlust des Prüfkörpers von 15 mg.A 10 wt .-% solution of C₁₀-C₁₄ alkyl polyglycoside (D.P. about 1.3) in demineralized water shows Newtonian flow behavior and has a viscosity of 70 mPa · s at 50 ° C. The analysis of the wear behavior carried out analogously to Example 1 showed a weight loss of the test specimen of 15 mg.

Beispiele 4 bis 13 (Tabellen)Examples 4 to 13 (tables)

Die betreffenden Beispiele demonstrieren die Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen hinsichtlich Viskositätsniveau und Verschleißschutz. Die bei den Lösungen entsprechend Beispiel 4 und 10 durchgeführte Beschallung (2 mal 10 Minuten mit jeweils nachträg­licher Viskositätsmessung) zeigt eine vollkommene Scherstabilität der die erhöhte Viskosität erzeugenden Strukturen. Mit den Beispielen 11 und 12 wird die Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen in Wässern unterschiedliche Härte (Calciumhärte) demonstriert. Tabelle 1 Beispiel Nr. 4 5 6 7 8 Zusammensetzung (Gew.-%) C₁₂C₁₃-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. 1.7) - 8,5 10 7 16 C₁₀C₁₄-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. 1.3) 12,5 - - - - MARLON A(R) - 8,5 - 7 - MARLON PS(R) 12,5 - 10 - - Ölsäure-Triisopropylammonium - 4 - - 4 Nonylphenoloxethylatphosphorsäureesterpartialester mit 7 mol Ethylenoxid/mol - - - 4 - Polymekon(R) 730 0,15 - - - - Isopropanolamin 3 3 3 3 3 Ethylenglycol - - - - 15 Viskosität 50 °C (cSt) 20 47 4 57 29 Klarpunkt (°C) - 3 5 5 3 pH 8,1 8,6 9,7 8,5 8,2 Reibverschleißtest1) (mg) 4,5 3,7 2,6 2,1 5,9 Schaum (DIN 53 902) - - *2) - - 1) Mittelwert aus 3 Testläufen bei einer Reibungsstrecke von 100 m und einem Flächendruck zwischen 3 000 und 5 000 N/cm² 2) Der gleiche Versuch in Gegenwart von 0,15 Gew.-% Polymekon (R) 730 zeigt keinen Schaum Tabelle 2 Beispiel Nr. 9 10 112) 123) 13 Zusammensetzung (Gew.-%) C₁₂C₁₃-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. 1.7) - 8 13 13 25 C₁₀C₁₄-Alkylpolyglycosid (D.P. 1.3) 7 - - - - MARLON A(R) 7 8 - - - MARLON PS(R) - - 13 13 - Ölsäure-Triisopropylammonium - - - - - Nonylphenoloxethylatphosphorsäureesterpartialester mit 7 mol Ethylenoxid/mol 4 4 - - - Polymekon(R) 730 - - 0,15 0,15 - Isopropanolamin 3 3 3 3 3 Ethylenglycol - 15 - - - Viskosität 50 °C (cSt) 51 21 32 34 71 Klarpunkt (°C) 1 5 - - 6 pH 9,1 8,7 8,0 8,1 9,6 Reibverschleißtest1) (mg) 3,8 1,4 2,2 2,3 2,1 Schaum (DIN 53 902) - - - - - 1) Mittelwert aus 3 Testläufen bei einer Reibungsstrecke von 100 m und einem Flächendruck zwischen 3 000 und 5 000 N/cm² 2) Wasser 20 ° dH 3) Wasser 50 ° dH The examples in question demonstrate the effectiveness of the mixtures according to the invention in terms of viscosity level and wear protection. The sonication carried out in the solutions according to Examples 4 and 10 (2 times 10 minutes, each with subsequent viscosity measurement) shows a complete shear stability of the structures producing the increased viscosity. Examples 11 and 12 demonstrate the effectiveness of the mixtures according to the invention in water of different hardness (calcium hardness). Table 1 Example No. 4th 5 6 7 8th Composition (% by weight) C₁₂C₁₃ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.7) - 8.5 10th 7 16 C₁₀C₁₄ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.3) 12.5 - - - - MARLON A (R) - 8.5 - 7 - MARLON PS (R) 12.5 - 10th - - Oleic acid triisopropylammonium - 4th - - 4th Nonylphenoloxethylate phosphoric acid partial ester with 7 mol ethylene oxide / mol - - - 4th - Polymekon (R) 730 0.15 - - - - Isopropanolamine 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd Ethylene glycol - - - - 15 Viscosity 50 ° C (cSt) 20th 47 4th 57 29 Clear point (° C) - 3rd 5 5 3rd pH 8.1 8.6 9.7 8.5 8.2 Friction Wear Test 1) (mg) 4.5 3.7 2.6 2.1 5.9 Foam (DIN 53 902) - - * 2) - - 1) Average of 3 test runs with a friction distance of 100 m and a surface pressure between 3,000 and 5,000 N / cm² 2) The same experiment in the presence of 0.15% by weight of Polymekon (R) 730 shows no foam Example No. 9 10th 11 2) 12 3) 13 Composition (% by weight) C₁₂C₁₃ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.7) - 8th 13 13 25th C₁₀C₁₄ alkyl polyglycoside (DP 1.3) 7 - - - - MARLON A (R) 7 8th - - - MARLON PS (R) - - 13 13 - Oleic acid triisopropylammonium - - - - - Nonylphenoloxethylate phosphoric acid partial ester with 7 mol ethylene oxide / mol 4th 4th - - - Polymekon (R) 730 - - 0.15 0.15 - Isopropanolamine 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd Ethylene glycol - 15 - - - Viscosity 50 ° C (cSt) 51 21st 32 34 71 Clear point (° C) 1 5 - - 6 pH 9.1 8.7 8.0 8.1 9.6 Friction Wear Test 1) (mg) 3.8 1.4 2.2 2.3 2.1 Foam (DIN 53 902) - - - - - 1) Average of 3 test runs with a friction distance of 100 m and a surface pressure between 3,000 and 5,000 N / cm² 2) water 20 ° dH 3) water 50 ° dH

Claims (3)

1. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie
5 - 30 Gew.-% Alkylpolyglycosid
0 - 20 Gew.-% tensidische Additive
0 - 10 Gew.-% nichttensidische Additive und
Wasser ad 100 Gew.-%
enthalten, wobei der Wirkstoffanteil maximal 40 Gew.-% beträgt.1. Aqueous hydraulic fluids,
characterized,
that she
5-30% by weight alkyl polyglycoside
0-20% by weight of surfactant additives
0-10% by weight of non-surfactant additives and
Water ad 100% by weight
included, the active ingredient content being a maximum of 40% by weight. 2. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Alkylpolyglycosid der Formel R-O-Zn entspricht, in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 8 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen und Zn für einen Oligoglycosidrest mit im Mittel n = 1 bis 10 Hexose- oder Pentoseeinheiten oder Gemische davon steht.2. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the alkyl polyglycoside corresponds to the formula RON n , in which R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and Z n is an oligoglycoside radical with an average of n = 1 to 10 hexose or pentose units or mixtures thereof. 3. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als tensidische Additive organische Sulfate, organische Sulfonate, Phosphorsäurepartialester, Oxethylate, carboxyethy­lierte Oxethylate, carbonsaure Salze, quaternäre Ammoniumsalze, Ethylenglycol, Glycolether und/oder Harnstoff eingesetzt werden.3. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claims 1 and 2,
characterized,
that organic sulfates, organic sulfonates, phosphoric acid partial esters, oxethylates, carboxyethylated oxethylates, carboxylic acid salts, quaternary ammonium salts, ethylene glycol, glycol ether and / or urea are used as surfactant additives.
EP90112004A 1989-08-10 1990-06-25 Hydraulic fluids Expired - Lifetime EP0412271B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3926397 1989-08-10
DE3926397A DE3926397A1 (en) 1989-08-10 1989-08-10 HYDRAULIC LIQUIDS

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EP0412271A1 true EP0412271A1 (en) 1991-02-13
EP0412271B1 EP0412271B1 (en) 1993-08-11

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CA (1) CA2022914A1 (en)
DE (2) DE3926397A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003066294A2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-14 Lonza Ag Non-aqueous wood preservatives

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956951A (en) * 1956-10-26 1960-10-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water base lubricant containing dimethyl sulfoxide
GB1007467A (en) * 1961-10-03 1965-10-13 Brunel Henri Method for protecting metals against corrosion and water soluble products for performing this method and for lubrication
DE1943689A1 (en) * 1968-09-03 1970-03-12 Rohm & Haas Alkyl oligosaccharides and their mixtures with alkyl glucosides and alkanols
FR2360658A1 (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Singer & Hersch Industrial Dev INDUSTRIAL WATER-BASED FLUIDS
GB2016041A (en) * 1978-02-07 1979-09-19 Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd Non-inflammable hydraulic fluid

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956951A (en) * 1956-10-26 1960-10-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water base lubricant containing dimethyl sulfoxide
GB1007467A (en) * 1961-10-03 1965-10-13 Brunel Henri Method for protecting metals against corrosion and water soluble products for performing this method and for lubrication
DE1943689A1 (en) * 1968-09-03 1970-03-12 Rohm & Haas Alkyl oligosaccharides and their mixtures with alkyl glucosides and alkanols
FR2360658A1 (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Singer & Hersch Industrial Dev INDUSTRIAL WATER-BASED FLUIDS
GB2016041A (en) * 1978-02-07 1979-09-19 Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd Non-inflammable hydraulic fluid

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003066294A2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-14 Lonza Ag Non-aqueous wood preservatives
WO2003066294A3 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-01-15 Lonza Ag Non-aqueous wood preservatives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59002288D1 (en) 1993-09-16
DE3926397A1 (en) 1991-02-14
CA2022914A1 (en) 1991-02-11
EP0412271B1 (en) 1993-08-11

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