EP0652927B1 - Concentrated lubricant and aqueous lubricant solution based on fatty amines, process for producing them and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP93/01984 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 3, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 3, 1995 PCT Filed Jul. 26, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/03562 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 17, 1994.Lubricant concentrates and aqueous lubricant solutions containing at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine and/or a salt of such an amine. The invention also relates to a process for the production of the lubricant concentrates and to the use of the lubricant concentrates and the aqueous lubricant solutions as chain lubricants in the food industry.

Description

The present invention relates to a lubricant concentrate and an aqueous lubricant solution based on fatty amines and optionally conventional diluents and / or auxiliaries or additives which contain at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine and / or a salt of such an amine.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the lubricant concentrate and the use of the lubricant concentrate and the aqueous lubricant solution as a chain lubricant in the food industry. In particular, the lubricant concentrate according to the invention is used for the lubrication, cleaning and disinfection of automatic chain and belt lubrication systems which are used when filling foodstuffs, preferably beverages, in glass and plastic bottles, cans, glasses, barrels, beverage containers (KEG), paper and cardboard containers and the like are used.

In bottle cellars and cellars of beverage companies as well as in the filling of foodstuffs, plate conveyor belts or other conveyor systems are usually used for the transport of the corresponding containers, which are lubricated with suitable aqueous lubricant preparations via immersion lubrication systems or more recently also via automatic belt lubrication systems and kept clean.

During immersion lubrication systems, hardly any problems regarding the application properties when choosing the lubricant prepare, it is precipitations of sparingly soluble salts and microbiological deposits that in the nozzles and filters of the central lubrication systems can considerably interfere with the continuous operation of the filling of foodstuffs, particularly beverages, so that the systems must always be switched off and cleaned after a certain operating time.

The chain lubricants previously used as lubricants are based on the one hand on fatty acids in the form of their water-soluble alkali or alkanolamine salts or on fatty amines in the form of their organic or inorganic salts.

• 1. Es kommt zu einer Reaktion mit der Wasserhärte, also den Erdalkali-Ionen, und anderen Wasserinhaltsstoffen unter Bildung schwerlöslicher Metallseifen, den sogenannten primären Erdalkaliseifen.
• 2. Es kommt zu einer Reaktion zwischen diesen Schmiermitteln auf Seifenbasis und in Wasser oder dem abzufüllenden Gut gelöstem Kohlendioxid.
• 3. Die so erzeugte Anwendungslösung ist stets keimfördernd.
• 4. Bei Anwendung von hartem Wasser sind Ionenaustauscher zur Wasserenthärtung erforderlich, was eine zusätzliche Keimquelle bedeutet, oder aber der Einsatz hoch komplexierungsmittelhaltiger Produkte, was wiederum ökologisch bedenklich ist.
• 5. Es kommt zu vermehrter Schaumbildung, was insbesondere Probleme am Bottle-Inspector (automatische Flaschenkontrolle) hervorruft und zu einem eventuellen Eindringen dieser Schmiermittel in das Transportbehältnis führt.
• 6. Die meisten dieser Produkte sind lösungsmittelhaltig.
• 7. Die Reinigungswirkung dieser Produkte ist schlecht, so daß eine separate diskontinuierliche Reinigung stets notwendig ist.
• 8. Derartige Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis zeigen ein pH-abhängiges Leistungsverhalten.
• 9. Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis zeigen weiterhin eine Wassertemperatur-Abhängigkeit.
• 10. Schmiermittel auf Seifenbasis zeigen nur eine geringe Lagerstabilität, insbesondere bei niederen Temperaturen.
• 11. Das in vielen Produkten enthaltene EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetat) ist bekanntermaßen nur schlecht biologisch abbaubar.
• 12. Derartige Schmiermittelzubereitungen auf Seifenbasis sind nicht für alle Transportgüter aus Kunststoff geeignet, da es bei Anwendung dieser Mittel in vielen Fällen zu Spannungsrißkorrosionen am Transportgut kommt.

While both substance classes can be used without problems in splash lubrication, they show a number of disadvantages in the central chain lubrication systems that are common today. For example, DE-A-23 13 330 describes soap-based lubricants which contain aqueous mixtures of C16-C18 fatty acid salts and surface-active substances. Such soap-based lubricants have the following disadvantages:

• 1. There is a reaction with the water hardness, ie the alkaline earth ions, and other water constituents with the formation of poorly soluble metal soaps, the so-called primary alkaline earth soaps.
• 2. There is a reaction between these soap-based lubricants and carbon dioxide dissolved in water or the product to be filled.
• 3. The application solution created in this way is always germ-promoting.
• 4. When using hard water, ion exchangers are required for water softening, which means an additional source of germs, or the use of products containing high levels of complexing agents, which in turn is ecologically questionable.
• 5. There is increased foam formation, which in particular causes problems with the bottle inspector (automatic bottle control) and leads to the eventual penetration of these lubricants into the transport container.
• 6. Most of these products contain solvents.
• 7. The cleaning effect of these products is poor, so that a separate discontinuous cleaning is always necessary.
• 8. Such soap-based lubricant preparations show pH-dependent performance.
• 9. Soap-based lubricant preparations continue to be dependent on water temperature.
• 10. Soap-based lubricants only have a low storage stability, especially at low temperatures.
• 11. The EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) contained in many products is known to be poorly biodegradable.
• 12. Such soap-based lubricant preparations are not suitable for all transport goods made of plastic, since in many cases stress corrosion cracking on the transport goods occurs when these agents are used.

In addition to these soap-based lubricants, those based on fatty amines are mainly used. For example, DE-A-36 31 953 describes a method for lubricating chain-shaped bottle conveyor belts in beverage bottling plants, particularly in breweries, and for cleaning the belts using a liquid cleaning agent, which is characterized in that the chain-shaped bottle conveyor belts are used with belt lubricants based on neutralized primary Lubricates fatty amines, which preferably have 12 to 18 carbon atoms and contain an unsaturated fraction of more than 10%.

als Schmiermittel bekannt, worin

R¹

eine gesättigte oder ungesättigte, verzweigte oder lineare Alkylgruppe mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen;

R²

Wasserstoff, eine Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder -A-NH₂;

A

eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylengruppe mit 1 bis 8 C-Atomen; und

A¹

eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylengruppe mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen bedeutet.

From EP-A-0 372 628 are fatty amine derivatives of the formulas

known as a lubricant, wherein

R ¹

a saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl group with 8 to 22 C atoms;

R ²

Hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or -A-NH ₂ ;

A

a linear or branched alkylene group with 1 to 8 C atoms; and

A ¹

represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Furthermore, from DE-A-39 05 548 lubricants based on N-alkylated fatty amine derivatives are known which contain at least one secondary and / or tertiary amine.

The main disadvantages of these lubricants are the reaction with anions in the water, especially with sulfates, bicarbonates, phosphates and carbonates from alkaline waters, as well as other water components.

In addition, these fatty amine-based lubricants show unsatisfactory foaming behavior. The lubricants of EP-AO 327 628 tend to form too much foam, which makes subsequent cleaning of the goods transported on the belt necessary. Lubricants according to DE-A-39 05 548 have a rather low foam formation, which leads to a rapid drainage of the applied lubricating film.

The main disadvantages of the above-mentioned lubricants are, on the one hand, the strong water dependency of the soap-based lubricants and, on the other hand, the regularly necessary system cleaning when using lubricants based on fatty amines, which is also caused by the water content. The precipitates that occur in both prior art processes must be removed. A simple acid-base reaction is used for removal. In the case of fatty acid-based soap products, alkaline, complexing agent-containing cleaners are used for this, and organic or inorganic acids are used as technical equivalents for this purpose in products based on fatty amines as cleaners.

Finally, other chain lubricants are known in the art which do not have some of the disadvantages described above. For example, EP-A-0 044 458 describes lubricant preparations which are practically free from fatty acid soaps and which also contain a carboxylated nonionic surfactant and an acyl sarcosinate. The pH of these products is 7 to 11 and is therefore preferably in the neutral to alkaline range.

DE-A-38 31 448 finally relates to aqueous, clear water-soluble, soap-free lubricant preparations, a process for their preparation and the use of these lubricant preparations, in particular as lubricants for plate conveyor belts which are used to transport glass bottles or polyethylene terephthalate bottles. The essentially neutral aqueous lubricant preparations (pH in the range from 6 to 8) contain alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkoxylated alkanol phosphates and alkane carboxylic acids, if appropriate in addition to customary solubilizers, solvents, defoamers and disinfectants.

• 1. Sie sind aus mikrobiologischer Sicht gesehen ungünstig, da sie hervorragende Wachstumsbedingungen für Mikroorganismen schaffen.
• 2. Weiterhin zeigen sie nur eine geringe Reinigungskraft.
• 3. Schließlich weisen sie ebenfalls ein schwer zu kontrollierendes Schaumverhalten auf.

However, these two amine-free products also have the following disadvantages:

• 1. They are unfavorable from a microbiological point of view, since they create excellent growth conditions for microorganisms.
• 2. Furthermore, they show only a low cleaning power.
• 3. Finally, they also have a foam behavior that is difficult to control.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a new lubricant preparation, in particular a chain lubricant, which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art. This means: Lubricants of this type should have a good coefficient of friction, that is to say an excellent lubricating effect, a metered foam behavior, good solubility in clear water, a good cleaning action and a good microbicidal action.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term “clear water solubility” is coupled with the insensitivity of the lubricant constituents to anions contained in natural water, such as sulfate, bicarbonate and the like. If, for example, the clear water solubility of a lubricant formulation is not very pronounced, such formulations can react with the water constituents when the system is shut down for a longer period, for example over the course of a weekend. The resulting precipitations and cloudiness in the lubricant's application solutions lead to clogging of the filters and nozzles of the belt lubrication system in the short to medium term.

Surprisingly, it has been found that lubricants which contain at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine and / or a salt of such an amine have a significantly better solubility in clear water and have a more favorable foaming behavior in terms of application technology than lubricants based on unsubstituted and substituted fatty amines.

R

ein linearer oder verzweigter, gesättigter oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigter Alkylrest mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen ist,

A

für -NH- steht,

X^-

ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure bedeutet,

k, l, m

unabhängig voneinander eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 6 ist;

y

0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,

n

eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 ist,

und wobei das Schmiermittelkonzentrat 1 bis 40 Gew.-% an Polyaminderivaten der allgemeinen Formel (I) sowie 99 bis 60 Gew.-% Wasser und/oder Hilfs- bzw. Zusatzstoffe, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtformulierung, enthält.The present invention thus relates to a lubricant concentrate based on fatty amines and, if appropriate, customary diluents or auxiliaries or additives, characterized in that it contains at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of the general formula (I)

RA- (CH ₂ ) _k -NH - [(CH ₂ ) _l -NH] _y - (CH ₂ ) _m -NH ₂ · (H ⁺ X ^- ) _n (I)

contains, where

R

is a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

A

stands for -NH-,

X ^-

is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid,

k, l, m

is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 6;

y

Is 0, 1, 2 or 3,

n

is an integer from 0 to 6,

and wherein the lubricant concentrate contains 1 to 40% by weight of polyamine derivatives of the general formula (I) and 99 to 60% by weight of water and / or auxiliaries or additives, in each case based on the overall formulation.

The lubricant concentrates according to the invention have excellent clear water solubility in their form diluted with water to the application concentration, for example in the form of aqueous solutions containing 0.02% by weight of the amines. With regard to their application properties, such aqueous lubricant solutions have a good coefficient of friction, a balanced foaming behavior, a good cleaning action and good microbicidal properties.

The following radicals are therefore suitable as substituents R in the abovementioned general formula (I): n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n- Pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, n-uneicosyl and n-docosyl and the branched chain isomers of the alkyl radicals mentioned. Instead of the saturated alkyl radicals, R can also mean the corresponding - mono- or poly-unsaturated alkyl radicals, which can also be linear or branched.

As stated above, the anion X- can be an anion of any inorganic or organic acid. It is only important for the selection of this acid in the sense of the present invention that the acid or its anion in connection with the polyamines of the general formula (I) according to the invention does not lead to precipitations and thus impairs the clear water solubility of the lubricants according to the invention. In individual cases, the expert will make a suitable selection based on simple tests.

For the purposes of the present invention, however, those acids are preferred whose anion X ^{- is} selected from the group amidosulfonate, nitrate, halide, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R ¹ -COO-, the radical R ^{1 being} hydrogen, is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alkenyl radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, the substituents being selected from one or more of the radicals hydroxyl, amino, imino and carboxy. As anion X ^{- in} addition to the inorganic anions already mentioned - anions of organic acids of the type R ¹ -COO ^- are also suitable. The radical R ¹ here can be hydrogen or alkyl or alkenyl radicals; for the rest, the above explanations for R apply analogously. Examples of organic anions X- of the type R ¹ -COO ^- may be mentioned in particular: formate, acetate, glycolate, oleate, lactate, gluconate, citrate and glutamate.

According to the present invention, lubricant concentrates are particularly preferred which contain a polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of the general formula (I), where A = -NH-, k, 1 and m are independently 3 or 4, y is 0 or 1 and the rest Variables have their meanings given above.

Those amines in which k, 1 and m is 3 are particularly preferred.

Polyamines which correspond to the general formula (I) given above can be prepared by processes known from the literature and are also in some cases also offered as commercial products, for example from the company Berol Nobel, Stockholm, Sweden, under the name Amin 640, Amin 660, Amine 740, amine 760 and amine 780.

R

für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen,

A

für -NH- und

X^-

für den Rest R¹-COO-, wobei R¹ Wasserstoff, CH₃-, HO-CH₂- oder CH₃-CH(OH)- bedeutet, steht.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricants contain polyamine derivatives of fatty amines of the general formula (I) given above, wherein

R

for a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms,

A

for -NH- and

X ^-

represents the radical R ¹ -COO-, where R ^{1 is} hydrogen, CH ₃ -, HO-CH ₂ - or CH ₃ -CH (OH) -.

• 5 bis 5 Gew.-% an Polyaminderivaten von Fettaminen der allgemeinen Formel (I) sowie
• 95 bis 85 Gew.-% Wasser als Verdünnungsmittel und gegebenenfalls Hilfs- bzw. Zusatzstoffe, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtformulierung, enthalten.

According to the invention, such lubricant concentrates are also preferred that

• 5 to 5 wt .-% of polyamine derivatives of fatty amines of the general formula (I) and
• 95 to 85% by weight of water as diluent and, if appropriate, auxiliaries or additives, in each case based on the overall formulation.

Suitable auxiliaries and / or additives according to the present invention are, in particular, solubilizers, for example alcohols, polyalcohols, ethers or polyethers, in particular isopropanol, butylglycol, butyldiglycol or ethylene glycol ether. The The amount of the solubilizer to be used depends in each case on the amine used, the person skilled in the art will determine the required amount of solubilizer by trial and error in the individual case. In general, additions to solubilizers in the range from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the overall formulation, are sufficient.

Auxiliaries and / or additives according to the present invention are furthermore in particular nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants, for example alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols. These surfactants can improve the wetting of the chains and plate conveyor belts, should this be necessary in individual cases. In general, surfactant additives in the range from 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total formulation, are sufficient for this.

The lubricant concentrates according to the invention preferably have a pH in the range from 4 to 11, in particular in the range from 5 to 8. If the pH of the lubricant concentrate is not already in this range, it can be adjusted to the desired value by adding an acid, preferably an acid with the anion X ^- defined above, for example with acetic acid or formic acid.

With regard to an optimal metering option, it is also advantageous that the lubricant concentrates have a dynamic viscosity of less than 300 mPa.s, in particular less than 150 mPa.s and particularly preferably in the range from 20 to 100 mPa.s - in each case at 20 ° C - to ensure their pumpability. A separate adjustment of the viscosity to the values mentioned is generally not necessary or has been carried out optionally by adding suitable amounts of the diluent water or a solubilizer.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the lubricants according to the invention. These can be prepared by mixing the amine components, if appropriate with the addition of water and the auxiliaries or additives mentioned.

The present invention further relates to the use of lubricant concentrates of the type described above as chain lubricants in the food industry, in particular in automatic chain and belt lubrication systems. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of the lubricant concentrates described above in the form of a 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, aqueous solution as chain lubricant for automatic chain and belt lubrication systems.

The invention also relates to an aqueous lubricant solution based on fatty amines and, if appropriate, customary diluents, characterized in that it contains at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of the general formula (I).

According to the invention, this lubricant solution can be obtained from the lubricant concentrates according to the invention by dilution with a factor of 2 to 10,000, preferably by a factor of 300 to 500, with water.

Lubricant solutions which contain a content of 0.002 to 0.1% by weight, in particular 0.003 to 0.05% by weight, of a polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of the formula (I) and a pH between 5 and 8 are particularly preferred exhibit.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of the aqueous lubricant solutions described above as chain lubricants in the food industry. In contrast to standard soap products, the products according to the invention do not cause stress corrosion cracking in plastic containers and can therefore in particular also be used without problems for PET containers (PET = polyethylene terephthalate) or PVC containers (PVC = polyvinyl chloride). Accordingly, the lubricant solutions according to the invention can be used as chain lubricants for conveying or transporting containers or bottles made of glass, plastic-coated glass, plastics, in particular polyethylene terephthalate or polyvinyl chloride, tinplate or aluminum or lacquered or plastic-coated containers made of these metals.

The products according to the invention are clearly better soluble in clear water than the known fatty amine-based lubricants, and moreover have a metered foam behavior, a good microbicidal action and an excellent lubricating action. The desired application properties of the lubricant concentrate or the aqueous lubricant solution can be specifically set by choosing the amine or the anion.

In addition, however, the lubricant concentrates and solutions according to the invention can also advantageously be used as so-called cutting oils or cooling lubricants in metalworking.

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Examples

All percentages in the examples below relate to percentages by weight.

Production of the amine acetates (general working instructions)

The performance properties of the polyamine derivatives of fatty amines of the formula (I) were checked using their amine acetates. To prepare the acetates, 90 g of demineralized water heated to 50 to 60 ° C. were initially introduced and 10 g of the respective amine were stirred in in molten form. The amine acetates were obtained by adding acetic acid until a pH of 6.5 was reached.

In the experiments using clear solubility improvers, only 87 g of water were introduced instead of 90 g and, after pH adjustment, 3 g of the surfactant were stirred in.

Example I Clear water solubility without the addition of surfactants

• 100 ppm Sulfationen
• 10 ppm Phosphationen
• 10 ppm Silikationen
• 100 ppm Hydrogencarbonationen

To assess the clear water solubility, a 0.2% by weight solution of the test mixtures was stored in the test water at 12 ° C., a water with the following ingredients (pH 7.5) being used as the test water for evaluating the clear water solubility:

• 100 ppm sulfate ions
• 10 ppm phosphate ions
• 10 ppm silications
• 100 ppm hydrogen carbonate ions

With this water, 0.2% by weight solutions of the amine acetate solution (amine content 0.02% by weight) were prepared and optically assessed after 1 min and after 30 min.

In this way, the solubility behavior of the amines given in Table 1 was observed. Table I Amine RR ^a N [- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -NH] _q -H R R ^a q after 1 min after 30 min 1 Coconut alkyl H 2nd clear solution clear solution 2nd Tallow alkyl H 2nd clear solution clear solution 3rd Oil alkyl H 3rd clear solution clear solution 4th Tallow alkyl H 3rd clear solution clear solution 5 Coconut alkyl H 3rd clear solution clear solution 6 * Oil alkyl H 1 clear solution slightly opal solution 7 * Tallow alkyl (CH ₂ ) ₃ NH ₂ 1 slightly opal solution slightly opal solution * Comparative experiment

Example II Clear water solubility when surfactants are added

• 61,98 ppm Sulfat
• 0,38 ppm Phosphat
• 14,46 ppm Silikat
• 45,44 ppm Chlorid
• 27,84 ppm Nitrat

A water with the following ingredients (pH 7.32) was used as the test water for evaluating the clear water solubility when tensides were added:

• 61.98 ppm sulfate
• 0.38 ppm phosphate
• 14.46 ppm silicate
• 45.44 ppm chloride
• 27.84 ppm nitrate

With this water, 0.2% by weight solutions of the amine acetate solution (amine content 0.02% by weight) were prepared and optically assessed after 1 min and after 30 min.

1) Clear water solubility of amine 1 from Example I:

Clear solubility improver after 1 min after 30 min after 2 h after 24 h C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol with clear clear clear clear 2 ethylene oxide units (E0) solution solution solution solution C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohol with clear clear clear black opal 4 E0 solution solution solution solution

2) Clear water solubility of a mixture of equal parts of amines 6 and 7 from Example I (comparative experiment):

Clear solubility improver after 1 min after 30 min after 2 h after 24 h C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol with clear black black opal 2 E0 solution opal opal C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohol with clear black black opal 4 E0 solution opal opal

Example III Lubricating effect

The amine acetates described in Example I were tested for their lubricating behavior. With the belt running, the coefficient of friction µ (µ = holding force for the bottles / weight of the bottles), the relubrication behavior (the time within which the coefficient of friction increased by 50% without spraying on chain lubricant solution) and the foam behavior were evaluated. The total amine content of the solutions is 0.01% by weight.

The lubricating effect of the amines is shown in Table II. Table II E.g. Amine base Coefficient of friction Relubrication foam 1 Amine 1 * µ <0.1 7.5 min thin foam film 2nd Amine 2 * µ <0.1 8.5 min thin foam film 3rd Comparative experiment ** µ <0.1 7.5 min no foam * without surfactant ** Mixture of amine 6, amine 7, ester of dimer fatty acid (C ₃₆ ) with polyethylene glycol (18 E0) and coconut amine with 12 E0 (10: 10: 5: 2).

Claims (14)

1. A lubricant concentrate based on fatty amines and, optionally, typical diluents and/or auxiliaries and additives, characterized in that it contains at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine corresponding to general formula (I):
   
           R-A-(CH₂)_k-NH-[(CH₂)_l-NH]_y-(CH₂)_m-NH₂ · (H⁺X^-)_n     (I)
   
   in which

   R   is a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C_8-22 alkyl radical,

   A   is -NH-,

   X^-   is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid,

   k, l and m   independently of one another are integers of 1 to 6;

   y   is 0, 1, 2 or 3

   n   is an integer of 0 to 6,

   the lubricant concentrate containing 1 to 40% by weight of polyamine derivatives corresponding to general formula (I) and 99 to 60% by weight of water and/or auxiliaries and additives, based on the formulation as a whole.
2. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the anion X^- is selected from the group consisting of amidosulfonate, nitrate, halide, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, phosphate or R¹-COO^-, where R¹ is hydrogen a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C_1-20 alkyl radical or C_2-20 alkenyl radical, the substituents being selected from one or more of the radicals hydroxy, amino, imino and carboxy.
3. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a polyamine derivative corresponding to general formula (I) where A = -NH-, k, l and m independently of one another have values of 3 or 4, more particularly 3, y = 0 or 1 and R, R¹, X and n are as defined in claims 1 and 2 for general formula (I).
4. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in general formula (I),

   R   is a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C_12-18 alkyl radical,

   A   represents -NH- and

   X^-   represents a group of the formula R¹-COO^- where R¹ is hydrogen, CH₃-, HO-CH₂- or CH₃-CH(OH)-.
5. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains 5 to 15% by weight of polyamine derivatives corresponding to general formula (I) and 95 to 85% by weight of water and/or auxiliaries and additives, based on the formulation as a whole.
6. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it contains solubilizers and/or nonionic and/or amphoteric surfactants as the auxiliaries or additives.
7. A lubricant concentrate as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a pH value in the range from 4 to 11 and preferably in the range from 5 to 8.
8. The use of the lubricant concentrate claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 7 as a chain lubricant in the food industry.
9. The use claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the lubricant concentrates are used in automatic chain and belt lubrication systems.
10. A process for the production of the lubricant concentrate claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the amine component(s) are mixed with the auxiliaries and additives, optionally in the presence of water.
11. An aqueous lubricant solution based on fatty amines and optionally typical diluents, characterized in that it contains at least one polyamine derivative of a fatty amine of general formula (I) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4.
12. An aqueous lubricant solution as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the lubricant is obtained by diluting the lubricant concentrate claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 7 with water by a factor of 2 to 10,000 and preferably by a factor of 300 to 500.
13. An aqueous lubricant solution as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it contains between 0.002 and 0.1% by weight and, more particularly, between 0.003 and 0.05% by weight of a polyamine derivative of a fatty amine corresponding to formula (I) and has a pH value of 5 to 8.
14. The use of the aqueous lubricant solution claimed in one or more of claims 11 to 13 as a chain lubricant in the food industry for transporting containers or bottles of glass, plastic-coated glass, plastics, more particularly polyethylene terephthalate or polyvinyl chloride, tin or aluminium, or lacquered or plastic-coated containers of these metals on conveyors.