EP0629231B1 - Additifs pour huiles - Google Patents

Additifs pour huiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0629231B1
EP0629231B1 EP93905284A EP93905284A EP0629231B1 EP 0629231 B1 EP0629231 B1 EP 0629231B1 EP 93905284 A EP93905284 A EP 93905284A EP 93905284 A EP93905284 A EP 93905284A EP 0629231 B1 EP0629231 B1 EP 0629231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copolymer
esters
ester
acid
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP93905284A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0629231A1 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Lewtas
Dirk Block
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Infineum USA LP
Original Assignee
Infineum USA LP
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Publication date
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Application filed by Infineum USA LP filed Critical Infineum USA LP
Publication of EP0629231A1 publication Critical patent/EP0629231A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of wax crystal modifying additives in oils obtained from animal or vegetable material or both, or derivatives thereof.
  • Oils obtained from animal or vegetable material are mainly metabolites comprising trigylcerides from monocarboxylic acids, e.g. acids containing 10-25 carbon atoms and of the form: where R is an aliphatic radical of 10-25 carbon atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • oils contain glycerides of a number of acids, the number and kind varying with the source of the oil, and may additionally contain phosphoglycerides.
  • Such oils may be obtained by methods known in the art.
  • esters such as methyl esters, of fatty acids of the vegetable or animal oils.
  • esters can be made by transesterification.
  • oils that are derived from animal or vegetable material therefore includes reference both to oils obtained from said animal or vegetable material or both, or to derivatives thereof.
  • US Patent No. 2,610,915 describes glyceride oils to which are added, before or after winterisation, a small amount of an oil-soluble polymerisation product of esters having vinyl or substituted vinyl group, according to the general formula: wherein X is a hydrogen atom and alkyl or aromatic hydrocarbon group, and Y is -C-CO-R or -COOR in which R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or an ether derivative thereof containing more than 4 carbon atoms.
  • Fr-A-2,492,402 describes fuel compositions containing one or more fatty acid esters of animal and vegetable origin described by the general formula: R 1 -COO-R 2 where R 1 contain 5 to 23 carbon atoms, being a substantially linear saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical and R 2 contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms, being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical.
  • R 1 contain 5 to 23 carbon atoms, being a substantially linear saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical and R 2 contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms, being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical.
  • Such fuel compositions are described as particularly suitable for use in diesel engines, possessing a cetane-index range broadly equivalent to that of conventional diesel fuels derived from mineral oils.
  • DE-A-4,040,317 discloses that at temperatures below -5°C, such fuels may solidify in supply lines due to inadequate filterability, and describes a process for improving the low temperature filterability involving the addition of mixtures of short chain methyl esters of fatty acids and selected polymeric materials, namely polymeric esters or copolymers of esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acids derived from alcohols possessing 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • oils according to the present invention being oils consisting essentially of alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from animal or vegetable oils or both, are controlled predominantly by the precipitation of higher molecular weight fatty acid esters present as major constituents.
  • fatty acid esters are frequently derived from mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
  • the main components of rapeseed oil methyl ester are illustrated below.
  • the invention is a composition
  • a major proportion of an oil consisting essentially of alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from animal or vegetable oils or both, in admixture with a minor proportion of a mineral oil cold flow additive comprising one or more of the following:
  • the invention is the use of a mineral oil cold flow additive for modifying the wax crystal growth properties of an oil consisting essentially of alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable or animal oils or both, comprising one or more of the following:
  • the invention is a method of modifying the wax crystal growth properties of an oil consisting essentially of alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from animal or vegetable oils or both, comprising admixture with an additive as defined in the second aspect above.
  • oils derived from animal or vegetable material are rapeseed oil, coriander oil, soyabean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, maize oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, beef tallow and fish oils. Further examples include oils derived from corn, jute, sesame, shea nut, ground nut and linseed oil and may be derived therefrom by methods known in the art. Rapeseed oil, which is a mixture of fatty acids partially esterified with glycerol, is preferred as it is available in large quantities and can be obtained in a simple way by pressing from rapeseed.
  • lower alkyl esters of fatty acids consideration may be given to the following, for example as commercial mixtures: the ethyl, propyl, butyl and especially methyl esters of fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, for example of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaeostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid, gadoleic acid, docosanoic acid or erucic acid, which have an iodine number from 50 to 150, especially 90 to 125.
  • Mixtures with particularly advantageous properties are those which contain mainly, i.e. to at least 50 wt% methyl esters of fatty acids with 16 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
  • the preferred lower alkyl esters of fatty acids are the methyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid.
  • oils according to this invention capable of being utilised as biofuels.
  • Biofuels i.e. fuels derived from animal or vegetable material
  • Certain derivatives of vegetable oil e.g. those obtained by saponification and re-esterification with a monohydric alkyl alcohol, may be used as a substitute for diesel fuel.
  • a biofuel is an oil obtained from vegetable or animal material, or both, or a derivative thereof, capable of being utilised as a fuel.
  • oils Whilst many of the above oils may be used as biofuels, preferred are vegetable oil derivatives, of which particularly preferred biofuels are alkyl ester derivatives of rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, soyabean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, or palm oil, rapeseed oil methyl ester being especially preferred.
  • the concentration of the additive in the oil may for example be in the range of 1 to 10,000 ppm of additive (active ingredient) by weight per weight of fuel, for example 10 to 5,000 ppm such as 10 to 2000 ppm (active ingredient) by weight per weight of fuel, preferably 25 to 500 ppm, more preferably 100 to 200 ppm.
  • the additive or additives should be soluble in the oil to the extent of at least 1000 ppm by weight per weight of oil at ambient temperature. However, at least some of the additive may come out of solution near the cloud point of the oil in order to modify the wax crystals that form.
  • the additive may be incorporated into bulk oil by methods such as those known in the art. Where more than one additive component or co-additive component is to be used, such components may be incorporated into the oil together or separately in any combination.
  • a concentrate comprising the additive dispersed in carrier liquid is convenient as a means of incorporating the additive.
  • the concentrates of the present invention are convenient as a means for incorporating the additive into bulk oil such as distillate fuel, which incorporation may be done by methods known in the art.
  • the concentrates may also contain other additives as required and preferably contain from 3 to 75 wt%, more preferably 3 to 60 wt%, most preferably 10 to 50 wt% of the additives preferably in solution in oil.
  • carrier liquid are organic solvents including hydrocarbon solvents, for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene, diesel and heater oil; aromatic hydrocarbons such as aromatic fractions, e.g.
  • the carrier liquid must, of course, be selected having regard to its compatibility with the additive and with the fuel.
  • the additives of the invention may be incorporated into bulk oil by other methods such as those known in the art. If co-additives are required, they may be incorporated into the bulk oil at the same time as the additives of the invention or at a different time.
  • Comb polymers are polymers in which hydrocarbyl groups are pendant from a polymer backbone and are discussed in "Comb-Like Polymers. Structure and Properties", N. A. Plate and V. P. Shibaev, J. Poly. Sci. Macromolecular Revs., 8, p 117 to 253 (1974).
  • the comb polymer is a homopolymer having side chains containing at least 6, and preferably at least 10, carbon atoms or a copolymer having at least 25 and preferably at least 40, more preferably at least 50, molar per cent of units having side chains containing at least 6, and preferably at least 10, carbon atoms.
  • the comb polymer may contain units derived from other monomers if desired or required. It is within the scope of the invention to include two or more different comb polymers.
  • These comb polymers may be copolymers of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, e.g. an ⁇ -olefin or an unsaturated ester, for example, vinyl acetate. It is preferred but not essential that equimolar amounts of the comonomers be used although molar proportions in the range of 2 to 1 and 1 to 2 are suitable.
  • olefins that may be copolymerised with e.g. maleic anhydride, include 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and 1-octadecene.
  • the copolymer may be esterified by any suitable technique and although preferred it is not essential that the maleic anhydride or fumaric acid be at least 50% esterified.
  • alcohols which may be used include n-decan-1-ol, n-dodecan-1-ol, n-tetradecan-1-ol, n-hexadecan-1-ol, and n-octadecan-1-ol.
  • the alcohols may also include up to one methyl branch per chain, for example, 1-methylpentadecan-1-ol, 2-methyltridecan-1-ol.
  • the alcohol may be a mixture of normal and single methyl branched alcohols. It is preferred to use pure alcohols rather than the commercially available alcohol mixtures.
  • These comb polymers may especially be fumarate or itaconate polymers and copolymers such as for example those described in European Patent Applications 153 176, 153 177 and 225 688, and WO 91/16407.
  • Particularly preferred fumarate comb polymers are copolymers of alkyl fumarates and vinyl acetate, in which the alkyl groups have from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, more especially polymers in which the alkyl groups have 14 carbon atoms or in which the alkyl groups are a mixture of C 14 /C 16 alkyl groups, made, for example, by solution copolymerising an equimolar mixture of fumaric acid and vinyl acetate and reacting the resulting copolymer with the alcohol or mixture of alcohols, which are preferably straight chain alcohols.
  • the mixture it is advantageously a 1:1 by weight mixture of normal C 14 and C 16 alcohols.
  • mixtures of the C 14 ester with the mixed C 14 /C 16 ester may advantageously be used.
  • the ratio of C 14 to C 14 /C 16 is advantageously in the range of from 1:1 to 4:1, preferably 2:1 to 7:2, and most preferably about 3:1, by weight.
  • the particularly preferred fumarate comb polymers may, for example, have a number average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 100,000, preferably 1,000 to 30,000, as measured by Vapour Phase Osmometry (VPO).
  • comb polymers are the polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride, and esterified copolymers of styrene and fumaric acid; mixtures of two or more comb polymers may be used in accordance with the invention and, as indicated above, such use may be advantageous.
  • Examples are polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers and mixtures thereof, particularly those containing at least one, preferably at least two C 10 to C 30 linear saturated alkyl groups and a polyoxyalkylene glycol group of molecular weight up to 5,000 preferably 200 to 5,000, the alkyl group in said polyoxyalkylene glycol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • These materials form the subject of European Patent Publication 0 061 895 A2.
  • Other such additives are described in United States Patent 4 491 455.
  • esters, ethers or ester/ethers which may be used may be structurally depicted by the formula R-O(A)-O-R 2 where R and R 2 are the same or different and may be
  • suitable glycols are substantially linear polyethylene glycols (PEG) and polypropylene glycols (PPG) having a molecular weight of about 100 to 5,000, preferably about 200 to 2,000.
  • Esters are preferred and fatty acids containing from 10-30 carbon atoms are useful for reacting with the glycols to form the ester additives, it being preferred to use a C 18 -C 24 fatty acid, especially behenic acid.
  • the esters may also be prepared by esterifying polyethoxylated fatty acids or polyethoxylated alcohols.
  • Polyoxyalkylene diesters, diethers, ether/esters and mixtures thereof are suitable as additives, diesters being preferred for use in narrow boiling distillates when minor amounts of monoethers and monoesters (which are often formed in the manufacturing process) may also be present. It is important for additive performance that a major amount of the dialkyl compound is present.
  • stearic or behenic diesters of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyethylene/polypropylene glycol mixtures are preferred.
  • polyoxyalkylene compounds are those described in Japanese Patent Publication Nos 2-51477 and 3-34790 (both Sanyo), and the esterified alkoxylated amines described in EP-A-117,108 and EP-A-326,356 (both Nippon Oil and Fats).
  • Ethylene copolymer flow improvers have a polymethylene backbone divided into segments by oxyhydrocarbon side chains, i.e. ethylene unsaturated ester copolymer flow improvers.
  • the unsaturated monomers copolymerisable with ethylene to form the copolymers include unsaturated mono and diesters of the general formula: wherein
  • the monomer when R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen and R 1 is -OOCR 4 , includes vinyl alcohol esters of C 1 to C 29 , preferably C 1 to C 5 , monocarboxylic acids, and preferable C 2 to C 29 , more preferable C 1 to C 5 monocarboxylic acids, most preferable C 2 to C 5 monocarboxylic acids.
  • vinyl esters which may be copolymerised with ethylene include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate or isobutyrate, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate being preferred.
  • the copolymers contain from 5 to 40 wt% of the vinyl ester, more preferably from 10 to 35 wt% vinyl ester.
  • copolymers may also be in the form of mixtures of two copolymers such as those described in US Patent 3,961,916.
  • number average molecular weight, as measured by vapour phase osmometry, of the copolymer is 1,000 to 10,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000.
  • the copolymers may be derived from additional comonomers, e.g. they may be terpolymers or tetrapolymers or higher polymers, for example where the additional comonomer is isobutylene or diisobutylene.
  • Such copolymers may also be made by transesterification, or by hydrolysis and re-esterification, of an ethylene unsaturated ester copolymer to give a different ethylene unsaturated ester copolymer.
  • ethylene vinyl hexanoate and ethylene vinyl octanoate copolymers may be made in this way, e.g. from an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound is either ionic or non-ionic and is capable of acting as a wax crystal growth inhibitor in fuels. It comprises for example one or more of the compounds (a) to (c) as follows:
  • These polymers may be made directly from ethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by hydrogenating the polymer made from monomers such as isoprene and butadiene.
  • Preferred hydrocarbon polymers are copolymers of ethylene and at least one ⁇ -olefin, having a number average molecular weight of at least 30,000.
  • the ⁇ -olefin has at most 20 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of such olefins are propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, n-octene-1, isooctene-1, n-decene-1, and n-dodecene-1.
  • the copolymer may also comprise small amounts, e.g. up to 10% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers, for example olefins other than ⁇ -olefins, and non-conjugated dienes.
  • the preferred copolymer is an ethylene-propylene copolymer. It is within the scope of the invention to include two or more different ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers of this type.
  • the number average molecular weight of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is, as indicated above, at least 30,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standards, advantageously at least 60,000 and preferably at least 80,000. Functionally no upper limit arises but difficulties of mixing result from increased viscosity at molecular weights above about 150,000, and preferred molecular weight ranges are from 60,000 and 80,000 to 120,000.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the copolymer has a molar ethylene content between 50 and 85 per cent. More advantageously, the ethylene content is within the range of from 57 to 80%, and preferably it is in the range from 58 to 73%; more preferably from 62 to 71%, and most preferably 65 to 70%.
  • Preferred ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers are ethylene-propylene copolymers with a molar ethylene content of from 62 to 71% and a number average molecular weight in the range 60,000 to 120,000, especially preferred copolymers are ethylene-propylene copolymers with an ethylene content of from 62 to 71% and a molecular weight from 80,000 to 100,000.
  • the copolymers may be prepared by any of the methods known in the art, for example using a Ziegler type catalyst.
  • the polymers are substantially amorphous, since highly crystalline polymers are relatively insoluble in fuel oil at low temperatures.
  • the additive composition may also comprise a further ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, advantageously with a number average molecular weight of at most 7500, advantageously from 1,000 to 6,000, and preferably from 2,000 to 5,000, as measured by vapour phase osmometry.
  • ⁇ -olefins are as given above, or styrene, with propylene again being preferred.
  • the ethylene content is from 60 to 77 molar per cent although for ethylene-propylene copolymers up to 86 molar per cent by weight ethylene may be employed with advantage.
  • hydrocarbon polymers examples are described in WO-A-9 111 488.
  • aromatic parts are conveniently an aromatic hydrocarbon which may be unsubstituted or substituted with, for example, non-hydrocarbon substituents.
  • Such aromatic hydrocarbon preferably contains a maximum of these substituent groups and/or three condensed rings, and is preferably naphthalene.
  • the hydrocarbyl part is a hydrogen and carbon containing part connected to the rest of the molecule by a carbon atom. It may be saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched, and may contain one or more hetero-atoms provided they do not substantially affect the hydrocarbyl nature of the part.
  • the hydrocarbyl part is an alkyl part, conveniently having more than 8 carbon atoms.
  • the molecular weight of such condensates may, for example, be in the range of 2,000 to 200,000 such as 2,000 to 20,000, preferably 2,000 to 8,000.
  • Examples are known in the art, primarily as lube oil pour depressants and as dewaxing aids as mentioned hereinbefore, they may, for example, be made by condensing a halogenated wax with an aromatic hydrocarbon. More specifically, the condensation may be a Friedel-Crafts condensation where the halogenated wax contains 15 to 60, e.g. 16 to 50, carbon atoms, has a melting point of about 200 to 400°C and has been chlorinated to 5 to 25 wt% chlorine, e.g. 10 to 18 wt%.
  • Another way of making similar condensates may be from olefins and the aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Multicomponent additive systems may be used and the ratios of additives to be used will depend on the fuel to be treated.
  • VPO Vapour Phase Osmometry
  • Additives A, B and C were each dissolved in samples of the same rapeseed methyl ester fuel and the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) measured by the procedure described in detail in "Journal of the Institute of Petroleum", Volume 52, Number 510, June 1966, pp 173-285.
  • the CFPP is a measure of filterability.

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Claims (11)

  1. Composition comprenant une proportion majeure d'une huile consistant essentiellement en esters alkyliques d'acides gras dérivés d'huiles végétales ou animales ou des deux, en mélange avec une proportion mineure d'un additif pour l'écoulement à froid d'une huile minérale qui comprend un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants :
    (i) un polymère en peigne qui est un copolymère d'anhydride maléique ou d'acide fumarique et d'un autre monomère à insaturation éthylénique, lequel copolymère peut être estérifié ; ou un polymère ou un copolymère d'une α-oléfine ; ou un polymère ou un copolymère de fumarate ou d'itaconate ;
    (ii) un ester de polyoxyalkylène, un ester/éther ou un mélange de ceux-ci ;
    (iii) un copolymère éthylène/ester insaturé ;
    (iv) un inhibiteur polaire, organique, de croissance cristalline d'une cire contenant de l'azote ;
    (v) un polymère hydrocarboné ;
    (vi) des composés carboxy de soufre ; et
    (vii) un agent aromatique hydrocarbylé abaissant le point d'écoulement,
    pourvu que ladite composition ne comprenne pas de mélanges d'esters polymériques ou de copolymères d'esters d'acide acrylique et/ou méthacrylique dérivés d'alcools possédant 1 à 22 atomes de carbone.
  2. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit ester de polyoxyalkylène, ester/éther ou mélange de ceux-ci (ii) est défini par la formule : R-O-(A)-O-R2 où R et R2 sont identiques ou différents et peuvent être
    (a) n-alkyle
    (b)
    Figure 00310001
    (c)
    Figure 00310002
    (d)
    Figure 00310003
    où n a une valeur de 1 à 30,
       le groupe alkyle est linéaire et saturé et contient 10 à 30 atomes de carbone, et
       A représente un segment polyoxyalkylène de poids moléculaire égal à 100-5000 dans lequel le groupe alkylène possède 1 à 4 atomes de carbone.
  3. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit inhibiteur polaire, organique, de croissance cristalline de cire contenant de l'azote est un sel d'amine et/ou un amide formé par réaction d'au moins une proportion molaire d'une amine substituée par un groupe hydrocarbyle avec une proportion molaire d'un acide hydrocarbylique ayant 1 à 4 groupes acide carboxylique ou son anhydride, avantageusement un acide benzène-dicarboxylique ou son anhydride.
  4. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit polymère (i) en peigne est un copolymère de fumarate d'alkyle et d'acétate de vinyle dans lequel les groupes alkyle ont 12 à 20 atomes de carbone, ou un copolymère estérifié de styrène et d'anhydride maléique, ou un copolymère estérifié de styrène et d'acide fumarique.
  5. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les esters alkyliques d'acides gras sont les esters éthyliques, propyliques, butyliques et en particulier méthyliques d'acides gras avec 12 à 22 atomes de carbone.
  6. Composition selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle les esters alkyliques sont les esters méthyliques de l'acide oléique, de l'acide linoléique et de l'acide érucique.
  7. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'huile est l'ester méthylique d'huile de colza.
  8. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les esters alkyliques d'acides gras sont formés par transestérification d'huiles animales ou végétales.
  9. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit additif comprend un copolymère éthylène/ester vinylique (iii) ou un mélange de copolymères de ceux-ci.
  10. Utilisation d'un additif pour l'écoulement à froid d'une huile minérale, pour modifier les propriétés de croissance de cristaux de cire d'une huile consistant essentiellement en des esters alkyliques d'acides gras dérivés d'huiles végétales ou animales ou des deux, l'additif comprenant un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants :
    (i) un polymère en peigne qui est un copolymère d'anhydride maléique ou d'acide fumarique et d'un autre monomère à insaturation éthylénique, lequel copolymère peut être estérifié ; ou un polymère ou copolymère d'une α-oléfine ; ou un polymère ou copolymère de fumarate ou d'itaconate ;
    (ii) un ester de polyoxyalkylène, un ester/éther ou un mélange de ceux-ci ;
    (iii) un copolymère éthylène-ester insaturé ;
    (iv) un inhibiteur polaire, organique, de croissance de cristaux de cire contenant de l'azote ;
    (v) un polymère hydrocarboné ;
    (vi) des composés carboxy de soufre ; et
    (vii) un agent aromatique hydrocarbylé d'abaissement du point d'écoulement,
    pourvu que ledit additif ne comprenne pas de mélanges d'esters polymériques ou de copolymères d'esters d'acide acrylique et/ou méthacrylique dérivés d'alcools possédant 1 à 22 atomes de carbone.
  11. Procédé de modification des propriétés de croissance de cristaux de cire d'une huile consistant essentiellement en des esters alkyliques d'acides gras dérivés d'huiles végétales ou animales ou des deux, comprenant le mélange avec l'additif défini dans la revendication 1, pourvu que ledit additif ne comprenne pas de mélanges d'esters polymériques ou de copolymères d'esters d'acide acrylique et/ou méthacrylique dérivés d'alcools possédant 1 à 22 atomes de carbone.
EP93905284A 1992-03-03 1993-03-02 Additifs pour huiles Revoked EP0629231B1 (fr)

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DE102006022718B4 (de) * 2006-05-16 2008-10-02 Clariant International Limited Zusammensetzung von Brennstoffölen
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DE102006022720B4 (de) * 2006-05-16 2008-10-02 Clariant International Limited Kaltfließverbesserer für pflanzliche oder tierische Brennstofföle

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JPH07504226A (ja) 1995-05-11
CA2130482C (fr) 2005-06-14
RU2108368C1 (ru) 1998-04-10
JP3628323B2 (ja) 2005-03-09
CA2130482A1 (fr) 1993-09-16
DE69326754D1 (en) 1999-11-18
WO1993018115A1 (fr) 1993-09-16
ATE185590T1 (de) 1999-10-15
DE69326754T2 (de) 2000-05-04
EP0629231A1 (fr) 1994-12-21
RU94042905A (ru) 1996-08-10
KR950700382A (ko) 1995-01-16
KR100249989B1 (ko) 2000-03-15

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