EP0627795B1 - Procédé simplifié de fabrication de balais - Google Patents

Procédé simplifié de fabrication de balais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627795B1
EP0627795B1 EP94420158A EP94420158A EP0627795B1 EP 0627795 B1 EP0627795 B1 EP 0627795B1 EP 94420158 A EP94420158 A EP 94420158A EP 94420158 A EP94420158 A EP 94420158A EP 0627795 B1 EP0627795 B1 EP 0627795B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
powder
process according
binder
brush
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94420158A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0627795A1 (fr
Inventor
Eric Kammerer
Christine Lietard
Jean-Bernard Deboves
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mersen SA
Original Assignee
Carbone Lorraine SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carbone Lorraine SA filed Critical Carbone Lorraine SA
Publication of EP0627795A1 publication Critical patent/EP0627795A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0627795B1 publication Critical patent/EP0627795B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/36—Connections of cable or wire to brush
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/12—Manufacture of brushes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of brushes intended to ensure electrical contact between the moving parts (collectors) and the fixed parts of an electric motor.
  • a brush typically comprises two parts: an electrically conductive wear block rubbing against the collector of a motor and a metallic braid (or cable) for connection.
  • step d) of machining is costly for at least two reasons, on the one hand it constitutes in itself a phase consuming labor and industrial means (machines, premises, etc.), which corresponds to significant investment and operating costs, and on the other hand, it generates machining rejects which on the one hand increase the material cost of the brushes, and which on the other constitute a source solid waste whose treatment presents an additional cost.
  • connection braid is more expensive by machining / brazing the wear block rather than by introducing it into the mold in step b).
  • the Applicant has sought the means to be used to obtain a brush directly to the final dimensions (therefore without machining), with incorporation of braid into the mold and using a cheap binder, in particular a distillation binder (as opposed to a binder of synthesis).
  • the method of manufacturing a brush for an electric motor comprising a wear block and a connection braid, comprises a step a) of preparation of at least one powder mixture comprising at least one conductive powder coated of a binder, a step b) of compression molding of the mixture (s) in a mold with incorporation of said braid to form a raw broom, and a step c) of baking said raw broom, and is characterized in that that, in order to obtain an economical brush by molding directly to the final dimensions, at least a mixture M1 is prepared, in step a) comprising a distillation binder and consisting of the product of distillation of coal or petroleum or by a product derived from such a distillation product L and at least one graphite powder P1 in the form of solid particles with an average thickness of less than 25 ⁇ m and a medium form factor F1 (large dimension / small dimension ratio) high e t greater than 5.
  • the applicant has therefore sought other ways of obtaining brushes directly after baking at final dimensions, while using economical binders (binders resulting from the distillation of coal or petroleum) and by introducing the copper braid during the compression molding step.
  • the solution which it found, and which makes it possible to obtain brooms with definitive dimensions ready for delivery directly at the end of cooking, is therefore characterized by the essential presence of a graphite powder having both a high slenderness, that is to say a high form factor F1, and a relatively low average thickness.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show a perspective view of brushes obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • Figure la represents a monolayer brush (1) consisting of a wear block (2) and a copper braid (4)
  • Figure 1b represents the multilayer brush (10) of Example 1 a wear layer (20), a connection layer (3) in which the copper braid (4) is anchored.
  • the manifold (5) is shown as well as the standardized directions "a", "r” and "t”.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically, in section along the direction of compression, the manufacture of a raw brush (8) multilayer (layers C1 and C2), by compression in a mold (6) of a mixture M2, to which the braid (4 ) is incorporated, and of a mixture M1 of two powders P1 and P2, respectively with high and low slenderness, using a punch (7), and shows that the particles P1, in the form of flakes with high slenderness , break during compression.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b represent, in section along two perpendicular axes, respectively a typical particle of the powder P1 and of the powder P2.
  • the form factor (slenderness) of a particle is the ratio D / d (largest dimension D / smallest dimension d).
  • Figures 4a and 4b show a sectional view (schematically from microphotos) of the mixture M1 of powders P1 and P2, respectively before and after compression. Fragmentation of the particles P1 is observed after compression (binder L not shown in these figures).
  • a powder P2 of graphite, with low slenderness either mixed with powder P1 both mainly to "harden” the brush and to reduce clogging of the collector and wear on the brushes.
  • compositions according to the invention constitutes a restricted field.
  • Figure 5 on a triangle of vertices L, P1, P2 is the parallelogram ABCD
  • the preferred domain is the parallelogram A'B'C'D '.
  • the coordinates / or compositions of points A, B, C, D (% by weight, the sum of which is 100) is: L P1 P2 AT 25 75 0 B 30 70 0 VS 30 15 55 D 25 20 55
  • said graphite powder P1 preferably consists of flakes (particles of marked two-dimensional nature) with high slenderness, of average form factor F1 of between 5 and 20 and of average thickness of between 1 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • said slender graphite powder P2 is preferably made up of grains (particles of marked three-dimensional nature) with an average form factor F2 close to 1, and an average diameter of between 10 and 200 ⁇ m and preferably included between 30 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • a multi-layer brush as shown in FIG. 1b for a two-layer brush, consisting of a wear layer (20) and a connection layer (3) in which said braid (4) is anchored. ), in particular to reduce the contact drop (due to the electrical contact resistance) between the braid and the rest of the brush.
  • step a) of the method according to the invention two separate powder mixtures are prepared, M1 and M2, M1 corresponding to the mixture described above and M2 comprising a graphitic powder, a copper powder and a synthetic binder, and, in step b), a superposition of two layers is compressed, a lower layer consisting of the mixture M1 of powders, a upper layer consisting of the mixture M2, after incorporating into said upper layer the end of said braid, so as to obtain a two-layer raw brush consisting of a layer C1 "of wear" and a layer C "of connection” in which said braid is anchored. Then, after cooking the raw broom in step c), a broom which can be used without additional machining is obtained.
  • said mixture M2 comprises a graphitic powder agglomerated by a synthetic binder and a copper powder with a weight content of between 15 and 35%, said synthetic binder being chosen from thermosetting resins, and more particularly from phenolic resins .
  • the mixture M2 comprises an expensive binder, it is advantageous to limit the quantity of mixture M2 (relative to the quantity of mixture M1) to the strict minimum necessary for anchoring said braid.
  • the quantities of mixture M1 and M2 are chosen so as to obtain, after compression, a green multilayer brush whose said layer C2, in which said braid is anchored, is between 2 and 10 mm in height, the height of said corresponding layers to the direction of compression of said mixtures in said mold.
  • the ratio "height of layer C1 / height of layer C2 '' is generally between 2 and 30, and most often of the order of 5 to 10.
  • the layer distillation binder of wear (20) or of the wear block (2) it is constituted by the distillation product of coal or petroleum or by a product derived from such a distillation product.
  • the binders obtained directly or even after transformation, by distillation of coal or petroleum are economical compared to synthetic binders (typically thermosetting resins of phenolic, epoxy type, etc.).
  • step a) of the manufacturing process said mixture M1 is kneaded with a solution in a solvent medium of a synthetic binder at least 25% by weight of undiluted material and the kneading is continued until homogenizing said mixture M1 and said solution in a solvent medium, and removing said solvent from said solution.
  • the quantity of synthetic binder is between 7 and 12 parts, and it is less, by at least 50%, than the quantity of distillation binder L.
  • Said synthetic binder is preferably a phenolic resin and said solvent is preferably an alcohol.
  • the quantities of synthetic binder (expressed in undiluted material) are chosen to allow an economical single-layer final brush having the final dimensions at the end of cooking and having a braid (4) sufficiently anchored.
  • the amounts of solvent are chosen to allow mixing that is fluid enough to achieve homogenization of the mixture M1 and the synthetic binder.
  • This type of "monolayer” broom is significantly more economical than a “bilayer” broom given its more great simplicity of manufacture, a single mixture of powders being to prepare and to handle, the quantity of synthetic binder, although globally greater in a "monolayer” broom than that of a "bilayer” broom, remaining much less than the quantity of distillation binder used - at least 50% lower by weight.
  • the method according to the invention applies to the manufacture of relatively slender brooms (high in relation to their section), and more particularly to the manufacture of brooms, the factor of which slenderness p, defined by the ratio "height / square root of the section", is between 2 and 6.
  • Example 1b The multilayer brush shown in Example 1b was manufactured according to the process shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
  • the graphite powder is of the P1 type (flakes), with an average form factor F1 of 8 and an average thickness of the flakes constituting the powder of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the weight ratio "graphite powder / phenolic resin" is 75/25.
  • the bulk density of the M2 mixture is 0.85.
  • a mold (6), of internal section 11 ⁇ 6 mm 2 was filled, the internal shape of which is deduced from FIG. 1b, by extending the direction "r".
  • the mixture M1 was first introduced over a height of powder of 50 mm, then the mixture M2 over a height of 10 mm.
  • the compression punch (7) carries a connection braid (4). All the powder mixtures were compressed with the braid, so as to obtain the brush shown in FIG. 1b with a total height close to 23 mm.
  • the height of the layer C1 (compressed M1 mixture) is 18.2 mm and that of the layer C2 (compressed M2 mixture) is 4.8 mm.
  • the density of layer C1 is between 1.78 and 1.80, while that of layer C2 is between 1.9 and 2.1.
  • the compressed broom was baked at 600 ° C under a non-oxidizing atmosphere to avoid oxidation of the copper braid. During all the tests, the volume composition of the gaseous atmosphere was: 10% H2 - 90% N2.
  • brushes were obtained whose dimensions were within the standard, much like the brushes of Example 1. However, these brushes, on the test bench, exhibited a wear speed slightly higher than that of the brushes of Example 1.
  • brushes were obtained whose dimensions were within the standard, but at the limit of the standard. much like the brushes of Example 1.
  • Brushes were produced, in accordance with FIG. 1 a, in all points identical to those of Example 1, except that only one mixture M1 was prepared and that the mixture M2 of Example 1 was replaced by mixture M1. Brushes similar to those of Example 1 were obtained in terms of dimensional properties, however, slightly lower than those of Example 1 for their properties of use (higher electrical losses due to higher contact resistance, d where less durability).
  • Brooms of the "monolayer" type were manufactured in the following manner:
  • Example 1 Said ready to compress powder was loaded into the mold of Example 1 to a height of 60 mm and then compressed to obtain a height close to 23 mm. Step c) was carried out as in Example 1. Results similar to those of the brushes of Example 1 were obtained.
  • the invention relates above all to the production of brushes for household appliances (vacuum cleaners, drills, etc.), in particular those of high power (typically from 500 to 1000 W and more). It also relates to relatively low height brushes, typically of the order of 15 mm, used in petrol pump motors.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain brushes of the “monolayer” or “bilayer” type which, roughly baked, are already at the final dimensions and have a braid or a connection cable of copper or copper alloy, which eliminates the passage brooms in a machine shop or finishing shop.
  • the "bilayer" broom obtained by the process according to the invention is particularly efficient and may be preferred to the "monolayer" broom according to the level of requirements required during its use.
  • the composition of the layer (3) intended to ensure the anchoring of the braid (4), and in particular the joint use of synthetic resin and copper, makes it possible to simultaneously obtain a very good physical anchoring of the braid and above all a contact drop, at the braid (4) / connection layer (3) junction, weak (of the order of 1.5 mV) compared to that observed in the case of a braid (4) / wear block (2) junction (of the order of 50 mV).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
EP94420158A 1993-06-04 1994-06-02 Procédé simplifié de fabrication de balais Expired - Lifetime EP0627795B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9306962 1993-06-04
FR9306962A FR2706089B1 (fr) 1993-06-04 1993-06-04 Procédé simplifié de fabrication de balais.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0627795A1 EP0627795A1 (fr) 1994-12-07
EP0627795B1 true EP0627795B1 (fr) 1997-01-22

Family

ID=9447955

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94420158A Expired - Lifetime EP0627795B1 (fr) 1993-06-04 1994-06-02 Procédé simplifié de fabrication de balais

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5441683A (ja)
EP (1) EP0627795B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3390759B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1034842C (ja)
BR (1) BR9402172A (ja)
DE (1) DE69401533T2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2706089B1 (ja)
TR (1) TR28536A (ja)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19902938A1 (de) * 1999-01-26 2000-07-27 Valeo Auto Electric Gmbh Kohlebürste
EP1128496B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2008-12-10 Denso Corporation Method of manufacturing of a multi-layered brush of rotary electric machine
JP3797662B2 (ja) * 2002-01-30 2006-07-19 トライス株式会社 銅黒鉛質ブラシ
DE10209199A1 (de) * 2002-03-04 2003-10-02 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Mehrschicht-Kohlebürste
JP3914804B2 (ja) * 2002-04-04 2007-05-16 トライス株式会社 金属黒鉛質ブラシ及びその製造方法
US7638918B2 (en) * 2004-06-14 2009-12-29 Carbone Lorraine Applications Electriques Carbon brush having a shunt wire in a carbon brush body
DE102004051463A1 (de) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bürste für eine elektrische Maschine
CN100428582C (zh) * 2005-03-25 2008-10-22 王可义 带导线顶面出线水平一次模压成型电刷制备工艺
JP4925466B2 (ja) * 2005-11-10 2012-04-25 株式会社ミツバ カーボンブラシ、カーボンブラシの製造方法および電動モータ
DE102008059478B4 (de) * 2008-11-28 2015-07-30 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Kohlebürste zur Übertragung hoher Ströme
DE102012220583A1 (de) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-15 Hoffmann & Co. Elektrokohle Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kohlenstoffbauteils sowie Kohleschleifstück
CN104022425A (zh) * 2014-06-23 2014-09-03 3M中国有限公司 碳刷及其制备方法
CN108418077B (zh) * 2018-04-26 2023-10-13 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 一种石墨烯电刷制备装置及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2066176A (en) * 1935-09-27 1936-12-29 Gen Electric Commutating brush
US2855630A (en) * 1950-11-25 1958-10-14 Speer Carbon Company Manufacture of molded-in shunt electrical contact members
US2823147A (en) * 1953-12-07 1958-02-11 Jr Richard H Ward Method of producing electrical conducting elements
GB1259454A (ja) * 1968-05-23 1972-01-05
US3510710A (en) * 1968-11-27 1970-05-05 Air Reduction Connection for carbon brushes
GB1403497A (en) * 1973-03-06 1975-08-28 Fuji Carbon Mfg Co Ltd Electrical machine brush and method and apparatus for manu facturing the same
DE3650282T2 (de) * 1985-08-27 1995-11-09 Intercal Co Elektrischer Kontakt mit Einlagerungen enthaltendem Graphit.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3390759B2 (ja) 2003-03-31
JPH077893A (ja) 1995-01-10
TR28536A (tr) 1996-09-30
DE69401533T2 (de) 1997-05-28
FR2706089A1 (fr) 1994-12-09
CN1034842C (zh) 1997-05-07
BR9402172A (pt) 1995-03-07
FR2706089B1 (fr) 1995-07-28
CN1104807A (zh) 1995-07-05
US5441683A (en) 1995-08-15
EP0627795A1 (fr) 1994-12-07
DE69401533D1 (de) 1997-03-06

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