EP0620027B1 - Ski mit Seitenwangen und Oberschale - Google Patents

Ski mit Seitenwangen und Oberschale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620027B1
EP0620027B1 EP94420119A EP94420119A EP0620027B1 EP 0620027 B1 EP0620027 B1 EP 0620027B1 EP 94420119 A EP94420119 A EP 94420119A EP 94420119 A EP94420119 A EP 94420119A EP 0620027 B1 EP0620027 B1 EP 0620027B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
shell
ski according
reinforcing
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94420119A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0620027A1 (de
EP0620027B2 (de
Inventor
Roger Abondance
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Skis Rossignol SA
Original Assignee
Skis Rossignol SA
Rossignol SA
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Application filed by Skis Rossignol SA, Rossignol SA filed Critical Skis Rossignol SA
Publication of EP0620027A1 publication Critical patent/EP0620027A1/de
Publication of EP0620027B1 publication Critical patent/EP0620027B1/de
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Publication of EP0620027B2 publication Critical patent/EP0620027B2/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/0405—Shape thereof when projected on a plane, e.g. sidecut, camber, rocker
    • A63C5/0411—Shape thereof when projected on a plane, e.g. sidecut, camber, rocker asymmetric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
    • A63C5/126—Structure of the core

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a ski, and in particular an alpine ski comprising edges and an upper shell.
  • a traditional ski comprises a lower surface constituted by a sole bordered by longitudinal edges, on which rest rigid edges, for example ABS or phenolic laminate. These edges, which extend over the entire height of the ski, are generally perpendicular to the sole thereof. Between the edges, the core is arranged, which can be produced in different ways, the core itself being located between reinforcing elements, the assembly being covered by an upper wall which also rests on the upper wall of the edges.
  • skis It is more and more common, for aesthetic reasons, and for reasons of industrialization of the manufacture of skis, to produce shaped skis, that is to say skis of non-rectangular section, having a shell. forming the upper face and the lateral faces of the ski, these lateral faces possibly being inclined over at least part of their height.
  • the core is most often made of synthetic material foam, for example polyurethane, which has excellent properties of stability over time, while being of low weight.
  • the hulls constituting modern skis comprise an upper protective element supporting the decoration of the ski, covering a glass fabric frame possibly containing carbon or aramid fibers constituting the upper reinforcement of the ski.
  • This reinforcing fabric could, in the upper part corresponding to the upper face of the ski, be made up only of unidirectional fibers.
  • the flaps, constituting the lateral faces of the ski include fibers oriented in the direction of the weft, necessary to obtain sufficient resistance, in particular in torsion, and providing support on the edges . It is therefore necessary to use fabrics comprising a warp and a weft, even if this structure is oversized for the production of the upper surface of the ski which must mainly provide resistance in simple bending of the ski.
  • connection between the shell and the lower part of the ski is ensured by bonding. Given the forces to which the assembly zone is subjected, it frequently results from detachments between the shell and the lower part of the ski comprising the sole.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a ski, in which the transmission of forces from the upper face of the ski to the edges is carried out under the best possible conditions, which has a shell forming its upper face and at least part of its side faces, in order to obtain good aesthetic qualities, and which is of great solidity.
  • the ski which it concerns comprising a filling core in one or more parts, for example made of polyurethane foam, a lower face equipped with a sliding sole and delimited by two longitudinal metal edges, as well as reinforcement and decoration sheets, and a shell forming at least the upper face of the ski, is characterized in that it comprises longitudinal reinforcing elements each bearing on an edge, and forming the edges of the ski, the edges are extending, at least for one of them, over part of the height of the ski, and in that the hull forms part of at least one of the side walls of the ski, the longitudinal edges of the hull resting and being fixed on the upper face of the edges, the respective heights of a edge and the shell on at least one of the sides of the ski varying in the same proportions over the length of the ski.
  • the height of the edges is substantially equal to the height of the shell.
  • This ski has longitudinal reinforcing elements forming edges, which bear on the edges, and which ensure good transmission of the reactions of the skier to the underside of the ski.
  • the upper reinforcement fabric of the shell is made up of unidirectional fibers oriented only in the longitudinal direction of the ski, which constitutes a factor of economy, without harming the qualities of the ski.
  • edges may be perpendicular to the plane of the sole, or inclined with respect to this perpendicular. Insofar as the outer face of each reinforcing element forming a song is inclined, this inclination may be different or equal to that of the inclined part of the shell. In addition, this inclination can be symmetrical or asymmetrical with one edge relative to the other edge of the same ski.
  • the reinforcing elements arranged on both sides of the ski may have characteristics of shape and / or relating to the nature of the same or different materials, and have a constant width over the entire length of the ski or, on the contrary, have a variable width.
  • Each reinforcing element can be monolithic or constituted by several vertical and juxtaposed layers extending over the length of the ski. These different layers of material can have the same height or, on the contrary, the different layers can have decreasing heights from the layer located on the side of the core of the ski to that located furthest outside.
  • the two reinforcing elements arranged on the two sides of the ski have different heights.
  • This arrangement provides a ski having good qualities of guidance on hard snow, as well as good qualities of behavior in powder snow, because it is possible to thin the ski on the side of the outer edge.
  • the longitudinal reinforcing elements belong to the same part which occupies the entire width of the ski.
  • This part can be of rectangular section, of section in the general shape of H, or of section in the general shape of U.
  • the part of the part located in the center of the ski constitutes a part of the core of the ski.
  • the shell has at its two longitudinal edges, two returns parallel to the plane of the sole of the ski, bearing on the two reinforcing elements.
  • the shell has at its two longitudinal edges two inclined returns relative to the plane of the sole of the ski, bearing on the inclined upper faces of each of the reinforcing elements.
  • these two returns constituting the edges of the shell are of constant width over the entire length of the ski.
  • the two hull returns can be located at the side faces of the ski or set back from these side faces.
  • each reinforcing element has a width greater than that of the corresponding return of the shell, and partly rises along the internal inclined part of the shell.
  • the edges of the shell are embedded in the longitudinal reinforcing elements.
  • this ski contains a metal reinforcement plate or a laminate of glass, carbon or aramid which, extending over all or part of the length of the ski, occupies the entire width thereof. .
  • This metal plate provides reinforcement of the ski in lateral bending. It can be present over the entire length of the ski or on only part of this length, and preferably in the skate area.
  • This plate can be made of a light alloy, such as an aluminum alloy known under the brand ZICRAL. This plate can be full or perforated.
  • the reinforcing plate is inserted between the upper face of the longitudinal reinforcing elements and the base of the shell.
  • the longitudinal edges of the reinforcing plate are embedded in the longitudinal reinforcing elements.
  • the metal plate is embedded in the longitudinal reinforcing elements before injection of the polyurethane foam constituting the core, the plate being perfectly positioned and retained in the desired position thanks to the embedding of its edges in grooves provided in the longitudinal reinforcing elements.
  • the reinforcing plate is profiled by several longitudinal folds and is spaced from the shell.
  • the ski 2 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tip 3, a skid area 4 and a heel 5.
  • This ski essentially consists of a filling core 6, for example made of polyurethane foam, resting on the lower part of the ski, which comprises a sole 7 delimited by two longitudinal metal edges 8.
  • a reinforcing element 9 On each edge 8 rests a reinforcing element 9 forming a edge of the ski.
  • the edges 9 are perpendicular to the plane of the sole 7.
  • the upper face of the ski, as well as the upper parts of the side walls, consist of a shell 10.
  • This shell 10 has two flanges 12, substantially parallel to the plane of the sole, bearing against the two upper faces, of the same orientation, which comprise the edges 9.
  • a reinforcing sheet 15 placed under the shell in contact with the latter, constituted for example by a fabric with unidirectional fibers oriented longitudinally, impregnated with resin.
  • a lower reinforcement sheet 16 is arranged above the sole 7.
  • the respective heights (H1, H2) of the edges 9 and of the shell 10 are substantially equal, so that the support and assembly area of the edges 12 of the shell 10 and edges 9 is located substantially at the same height as the neutral fiber of the ski core.
  • skis shown in the following figures are simplified representations in which certain elements, such as the reinforcing sheets 15, 16 are not shown.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 which correspond to FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively, represent a ski comprising edges 9a inclined relative to the perpendicular to the plane of the sole 7.
  • each longitudinal reinforcing element 9b has an inclined outer face 13, and an inner face 14 perpendicular to the plane of the sole.
  • the ski shown in FIG. 7 is a variant of the ski in FIGS. 1 to 3, in which each edge 12 of the shell 10 is supported on the upper face of a edge 9, inclined up and down and from the inside towards outside.
  • FIGs 8 to 10 show three skis, in which each reinforcing element is constituted by three layers of material juxtaposed vertically 19a, 19b 19c.
  • the three layers have the same height and the return 12 associated with each side of the ski extends over the entire width of the three layers, made of different materials, such as wood, resins phenolic, aluminum alloy, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ... from the ski to that 19c located outside.
  • each return 12 of the shell bears only on the layer 19a, and the upper faces of the layers 19c and 19b are cut at an angle so as to form an inclined surface.
  • each return 12 bears only on the upper face of the layer 19a, and the upper faces of the layers 19b and 19c are parallel to the upper plane of the hull, which results in a general staircase-like structure.
  • FIG. 11 represents a ski, in which each return 12 of the shell 10 is supported on only part of the width of a reinforcing element 9 and is embedded therein.
  • each reinforcement element 29 is greater than the width of the corresponding return 12 of the shell, and the reinforcement element rises partly under the shell, so that '' it is not visible over its entire height from outside the ski.
  • the shell 10 does not have lateral returns, but simply edges 16 of substantially vertical orientation which are embedded in the longitudinal reinforcing elements 9.
  • FIG. 14 shows an asymmetrical ski, comprising a reinforcing element 39a situated on the side of the inner edge, of height greater than that of the reinforcing element 39b situated on the side of the outer edge.
  • the shell comprises a flat part corresponding to the upper face of the ski, bearing directly on the reinforcement element 39a, an inclined part, and a return 12 bearing on the upper face of the reinforcement element 39b .
  • the ski shown in FIG. 15 comprises a part 49 of rectangular section, made of a hard material, for example of wood, extending over the entire width of the ski, and forming the longitudinal reinforcing elements.
  • FIG. 16 represents a ski comprising a part 59 of H section, the two branches 59a of which form the longitudinal reinforcing elements and the central part 59b of which forms part of the core of the ski.
  • FIG. 17 shows another ski comprising a piece 69 of hard material, for example wood, in the general shape of a U, the two branches 69a of which form the longitudinal reinforcing elements, and the core of which 69b belongs to the core of the ski.
  • a piece 69 of hard material for example wood
  • FIGs 18 to 21 show skis, in which the same elements are designated by the same references as above.
  • a plate of reinforcement, metallic or laminate In each of these skis is provided a plate of reinforcement, metallic or laminate, ensuring reinforcement of the ski in lateral bending.
  • the plate 13 In the embodiment shown in Figure 18, the plate 13 is inserted between the upper face of the reinforcing elements 9 and the base of the shell.
  • the plate 13a is embedded by its longitudinal edges in the walls opposite the two reinforcing elements 9, which allows for a perfect positioning of the plate before injection of the foam. synthetic material intended to form the core.
  • the reinforcing plate is profiled by longitudinal folds, and inserted between the upper face of the reinforcing elements 9 and the returns 12 of the shell.
  • the plate 13c is profiled in the same direction as the shell, while in the embodiment shown in Figure 21 the plate 13d is profiled in the opposite direction to the shell.
  • the angle formed by the side walls of the shell with the upper wall thereof can vary over the length of the ski, this angle being for example greater in the skate area than in the end areas, tip and heel ski.
  • the edge delimiting the upper wall of the shell, and each inclined wall thereof, may be parallel to the longitudinal median axis of the ski, or, on the contrary, have an orientation which varies with respect to this axis, the line that forms this edge, straight or curved, which can for example diverge from the rear towards the front of the ski.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)

Claims (34)

  1. Ski mit einem Füllkern aus einem oder mehreren Teilen, beispielsweise aus Polyurethanschaum, bei welchem eine Unterseite mit einer Gleitsohle ausgestattet ist und durch zwei längserstreckte, metallische Krempen (8) begrenzt wird, sowie mit Verstärkungs- und Verzierungslagen und einer Schale (10), die zumindest die Oberseite des Skis bildet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Ski längserstrecke Verstärkungselemente (9) aufweist, die sich jeweils auf einer Krempe (8) abstützen und die Seitenwangen des Skis bilden, wobei sich mindestens eine der beiden Seitenwangen über einen Teil der Höhe des Skis erstreckt, und daß die Schale (10) einen Teil mindestens einer der Seitenwände des Skis bildet, wobei die längserstreckten Ränder (12) der Schale auf der Oberseite der Seitenwangen (9) ruhen und dort befestigt sind, und wobei die relativen Höhen einer Seitenwange und der Schale auf mindestens einer Seite des Skis in demselben Verhältnis über die Länge des Skis variieren.
  2. Ski nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Höhe (H1) der Seitenwangen (9) im wesentlichen gleich der Höhe (H2) der Schale ist.
  3. Ski nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Außenseite jedes Verstärkungselements (9) im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Ebene der Sohle (7) verläuft.
  4. Ski nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Außenseite mindestens eines der Verstärkungselemente (9) in Bezug auf die Senkrechte auf die Ebene der Sohle (7) geneigt ist.
  5. Ski nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Neigungswinkel der Außenseite (13) jedes Verstärkungselements (9b) gleich dem Winkel des geneigten Teils der Schale ist.
  6. Ski nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Neigungswinkel der Außenseite jedes Verstärkungselements zu dem Winkel des geneigten Teils der Schale unterschiedlich ist.
  7. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Ski zwei verschiedene Verstärkungselemente (9) enthält, die zusammen die Seitenwangen des Skis bilden.
  8. Ski nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß jedes Verstärkungselement (9) eine über die gesamte Länge des Skis konstante Größe aufweist.
  9. Ski nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß jedes Verstärkungselement eine über die Länge des Skis variable Größe aufweist.
  10. Ski nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die beiden Verstärkungselemente (9) an einem Ski identisch sind.
  11. Ski nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die beiden Verstärkungselemente eines Skis untereinander unterschiedliche Eigenschaften bezüglich ihrer Form und/oder bezüglich der Natur der sie bildenden Materialien besitzen.
  12. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß jedes Verstärkungselement aus mehreren vertikalen und nebeneinanderliegenden Materiallagen (19a, 19b, 19c) besteht, die sich über die Länge des Skis erstrecken.
  13. Ski nach Anspruch 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die die jeweiligen Verstärkungselemente bildenden verschiedenen Lagen (19a, 19b, 19c) die gleiche Höhe besitzen.
  14. Ski nach Anspruch 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Höhe der die jeweiligen Verstärkungselemente bildenden verschiedenen Lagen (19a, 19b, 19c) von der neben dem Kern des Skis gelegenen Lage (19a) bis zu der am weitesten außen gelegenen Lage (19c) abnimmt.
  15. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die auf den beiden Seiten des Skis gelegenen Verstärkungselemente (39a, 39b) unterschiedliche Höhen besitzen.
  16. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente zu einem einzigen Teil gehören, welches die gesamte Länge des Skis einnimmt.
  17. Ski nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente umfassende Teil (49) einen rechtwinkligen Querschnitt besitzt.
  18. Ski nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente umfassende Teil (59) einen im wesentlichen H-förmigen Querschnitt besitzt.
  19. Ski nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente umfassende Teil (69) einen im wesentlichen U-förmigen Querschnitt besitzt.
  20. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Schale (10) auf Höhe ihres Längsrandes (2) zur Ebene der Skisohle parallele Absätze (12) aufweist, die sich auf den beiden Verstärkungselementen abstützen.
  21. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Schale (10) auf der Höhe ihrer Längsränder zwei Absätze (12) aufweist, die sich auf den Oberseiten der beiden Verstärkungselemente (9) abstützen, die von oben nach unten und von innen nach außen geneigt sind.
  22. Ski nach Anspruch 20 oder 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die beiden Absätze (12) der Schale (10) über die gesamte Länge des Skis eine konstante Breite aufweisen.
  23. Ski nach Anspruch 20 oder 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die beiden Absätze der Schale die Verstärkungselemente (9) vollständig überdecken.
  24. Ski nach Anspruch 20 oder 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die beiden Ränder der Schale von den Seitenflächen des Skis zurückgesetzt angeordnet sind.
  25. Ski nach Anspruch 20 oder 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß jedes Verstärkungselement eine gegenüber dem entsprechenden Absatz der Schale größere Breite aufweist und teilweise längs des geneigten Teils der Schale ansteigt.
  26. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Ränder (16) der Schale (10) zwischen die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente (9) eingepaßt sind.
  27. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Ski eine Verstärkungsplatte (13) aus Metall oder einem Schichtmaterial aufweist, die die gesamte Breite des Skis beansprucht und sich über die gesamte Länge des Skis oder einen Teil davon erstreckt.
  28. Ski nach Anspruch 27,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Platte (13) aus einer leichten Legierung gebildet ist, wie beispielsweise eine Aluminiumlegierung, die unter dem Markennamen ZICRAL bekannt ist.
  29. Ski nach Anspruch 27 oder 28,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Platte durchbrochen ist.
  30. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 27 bis 29,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verstärkungsplatte (13) zwischen der Oberseite der längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente (9) und der Basis der Ränder (12) der Schale (10) eingesetzt ist.
  31. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 27 bis 29,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Längsränder der Verstärkungsplatte (13a) zwischen die längserstreckten Verstärkungselemente (9) eingepaßt sind.
  32. Ski nach Anspruch 30,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verstärkungsplatte (13c, 13d) mit mehreren Längsfalten profiliert und von der Schale (10) beabstandet ist.
  33. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 31,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß eine elastische Dichtung zwischen der Basis der Schale und den Verstärkungselementen (9) eingesetzt ist.
  34. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 33,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das in Kontakt mit der Innenseite der Schale angeordnete Verstärkungsgewebe der Schale durch gleichgerichtete Fasern gebildet wird, die in Längsrichtung des Skis orientiert sind.
EP94420119A 1993-04-16 1994-04-13 Ski mit Seitenwangen und Oberschale Expired - Lifetime EP0620027B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9304727 1993-04-16
FR9304727A FR2703915B1 (fr) 1993-04-16 1993-04-16 Ski comportant des chants et une coque supérieure.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620027A1 EP0620027A1 (de) 1994-10-19
EP0620027B1 true EP0620027B1 (de) 1996-09-04
EP0620027B2 EP0620027B2 (de) 2003-01-02

Family

ID=9446306

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94420119A Expired - Lifetime EP0620027B2 (de) 1993-04-16 1994-04-13 Ski mit Seitenwangen und Oberschale

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5496053A (de)
EP (1) EP0620027B2 (de)
JP (1) JP2826266B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE142118T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69400455T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2703915B1 (de)

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US7234721B2 (en) 2000-08-16 2007-06-26 K-2 Corporation Snowboard with partial sidewall

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EP1386015B1 (de) * 2001-03-07 2012-11-21 Crucible Intellectual Property, LLC Gleitbretter aus amorpher legierung
FR2847483B1 (fr) * 2002-11-22 2004-12-24 Rossignol Sa Planche de glisse et procede de fabrication d'une telle planche de glisse
US20050127637A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-16 Melvin Harper Riser for narrow carving skis
US7445227B2 (en) * 2005-03-16 2008-11-04 Harris Jr Gerald W Ski with improved edging characteristics
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2703915A1 (fr) 1994-10-21
JPH08117386A (ja) 1996-05-14
FR2703915B1 (fr) 1995-06-02
JP2826266B2 (ja) 1998-11-18
US5496053A (en) 1996-03-05
DE69400455D1 (de) 1996-10-10
ATE142118T1 (de) 1996-09-15
EP0620027A1 (de) 1994-10-19
DE69400455T2 (de) 1997-02-06
EP0620027B2 (de) 2003-01-02
DE69400455T3 (de) 2003-08-07

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