Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/08—Silicates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0036—Soil deposition preventing compositions; Antiredeposition agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• This invention relates to phosphate-free granular laundry detergents and more particularly to such detergents having improved cleaning power.
• Granular laundry detergents, or laundry powders typically comprise (A) one or more surfactants, such as alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated alcohols, or amine oxides, and (B) one or more detergent builders, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium mtrilotriacetate, or a sodium aluminum silicate.
• surfactants such as alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated alcohols, or amine oxides
• detergent builders such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium mtrilotriacetate, or a sodium aluminum silicate.
• R' is methyl, ethyl, or 2-hydroxyethyl; and R" is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and primary alkyl groups containing 8-24 carbons can make it possible to provide a phosphate-free, sodium aluminum silicate (zeolite)-containing granular laundry detergent which has a cleaning performance comparable to that of a phosphate-containing laundry detergent.
• zeolite sodium aluminum silicate
• R" are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl, and it is blended with the zeolite so as to provide 2.3-7.0 mmols of amine oxide per gram of zeolite, it increases the divalent ion sequestration rate of the zeolite; and the use of the blend in the laundry detergent minimizes premature precipitation of the anionic surfactant from solution when the laundry detergent is used.
• the invention resides in:
• a phosphate-free laundry detergent which comprises (1) 1-30% by weight of a surfactant, (2) 1-50% by weight of a sodium aluminum silicate detergent builder, (3) 1-20% by weight of sodium silicate, (4) 0.1-5% by weight of an anti- redeposition agent, and (5) 10-80% by weight of inorganic filler, the surfactant consisting of (a) a mixture of 20-98% by weight of the aforementioned ethoxylate, 1- 75% by weight of an alkali metal or ammonium salt of an alkylbenzene sulfonate in which the alkyl group contains 10-18 carbons, and 1-20% by weight of the aforemen ⁇ tioned amine oxide containing one or two long-chain alkyl groups or (b) a mixture of 85-98% by weight of the ethoxylate, 1-12% by weight of a fatty acid soap, and 1-6% by weight of the amine oxide, and
• the surfactant which comprises 1-30% by weight of the laundry detergent is preferably employed in an amount such as to constitute 10-20% of the total detergent weight, andits components are preferably proportionated so that the surfactant consists of at least 80% by weight of the ethoxylated fatty alcohol and up to 10% by weight of each of the other components when the anionic surfactant is an alkylbenzene sulfonate and at least 90% by weight of the ethoxylate and up to 5% by weight of each of the other components when the anionic surfactant is a fatty acid soap.
• Ethoxylated fatty alcohols which may be used in the practice of the invention are ordinarily compounds corresponding to the formula Z(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH in which Z is an alkyl group containing 4-30 carbons, preferably 10-18 carbons, and n is an integer of 1-50, preferably 2-15.
• Particularly preferred ethoxylated fatty alcohols are apt to be (1) the ethoxylate of a mixture of C 6 and C 10 alcohols in which n is 3, (2) the ethoxylate of a mixture of C and C 14 alcohols in which n is 3, and (3) the ethoxylate of a mixture of , and C 14 alcohols in which n is 6.
• ethoxylates corresponding to the formula such as those formed from one or more alcohols such as butanol, isobutanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol pentadecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, an triacontanol, are also utilizable.
• alcohols such as butanol, isobutanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol pentadecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, an triacontanol
• the alkylbenzene sulfonate component of the laundry detergent may be any alkali metal or ammonium salt of an alkylbenzene sulfonate in which the alkyl group contains 10-18 carbons, but it is preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
• the fatty acid soap may be any of the fatty acid salts, usually sodium salts, known as soaps — usually a salt of a fatty acid containing 12-20 carbons, such as oleic, ricinoleic, and stearic acids, tallow fatty acid mixtures, and coco fatty acid.
• soaps usually a salt of a fatty acid containing 12-20 carbons, such as oleic, ricinoleic, and stearic acids, tallow fatty acid mixtures, and coco fatty acid.
• the C 12 coco soaps are preferred however.
• the amine oxide component may be one containing one or two long-chain alkyl groups, although — to permit increasing the divalent ion sequestration rate of the zeolite — it is preferred for the amine oxide to contain only one long-chain alkyl group, most preferably such a group containing 10-18 carbons and having a straight chain in at least most of the molecules, generally at least 70%, preferably at least 90% of the molecules. Especially preferred are the amine oxides in which both R' and R" are methyl.
• the utilizable amine oxides include, e.g., N-octyldimethylamine oxide, N,N- didecylmethylamine oxide, N-decyl-N-dodecylethylamine oxide, N-dodecyldimemylamine oxide, N-tetradecyldimethylamine oxide, N-tetradecyl-N-ethylmethylamine oxide, N- tetradecyl-N-ethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine oxide, N,N-ditetradecyl-2-hydroxyethylamine oxide, N-hexadecyldimethylamine oxide, N-hexadecyldi-2-hydroxyethylamine oxide, N-octadecyldimethylamine oxide, N,N-dieicosylethylamine oxide, N-docosyl-N-2- hydroxyethylmethylamine oxide, N-tetracosyldimethylamine oxide
• the amine oxide used in the practice of the invention may be a conventional amine oxide (i.e., one prepared as a dilute aqueous solution), it is preferable for the amine oxide to be one that has been prepared in solid form, such as the amine oxide dihydrates and dihydrate-containing materials of U.S. Patent 5,071,594 (Borland et al.). Dilute aqueous solutions have to be dried in the production of a laundry powder. Moreover, when the amine oxide is blended with the zeolite so as to increase its divalent ion sequestration rate, it is important for the resulting mixture to contain 0-30% by weight of water so that it will be a powder rather than a paste.
• the detergent builder which is employed together with the aforementioned surfactant mixture is a sodium aluminum silicate, and it is used in an amount such as to constitute 1-50%, preferably 20-40%, of the total weight of the laundry detergent.
• zeolite A any suitable zeolite, e.g., zeolite A, X, or Y, may be utilized as the sodium aluminum silicate; but zeolite A is ordinarily preferred.
• the remaining essential components of the laundry detergent are (1) sodium silicate, which makes up 1-20%, preferably 5-15%, of the total weight of the detergent, (2) an anti-redeposition agent, such as sodium polyacrylate or sodium carboxymethylcel- lulose, which constitutes 0.1-5%, preferably 0.1-1%, of that total weight, and (3) one or more inorganic fillers, or processing aids, such as sodium sulfate, carbonate, or bicarbonate, which make up 10-80% of the weight of the detergent.
• sodium silicate which makes up 1-20%, preferably 5-15%, of the total weight of the detergent
• an anti-redeposition agent such as sodium polyacrylate or sodium carboxymethylcel- lulose, which constitutes 0.1-5%, preferably 0.1-1%, of that total weight
• one or more inorganic fillers, or processing aids such as sodium sulfate, carbonate, or bicarbonate, which make up 10-80% of the weight of the detergent.
• the detergent may also contain optional ingredients, e.g., one or more bleaching agents, such as sodium percarbonate or perborate, and one or more of the fabric softeners, such as quaternary ammonium salts, sometimes used in laundry detergents.
• one or more bleaching agents such as sodium percarbonate or perborate
• one or more of the fabric softeners such as quaternary ammonium salts, sometimes used in laundry detergents.
• the components of the laundry detergent may be combined in any suitable manner, it is frequently preferred to preblend the zeolite and the amine oxide, especially when the amine oxide is contains only one long chain and is to be mixed with the zeolite in such proportions as to increase the divalent ion sequestration rate, i.e., so as to provide 2.3-7, preferably 3.1-5.4, more preferably 3.5-4.7, and most preferably about 3.9 mmols of the amine oxide per gram of the zeolite.
• Such an increase in sequestration rate is important, since (1) builders generally have to function adequately in the first two minutes of detergent use in order to be most effective and (2) the relatively slow sequestration rate of conventional zeolite builders, especially at the lower wash temperatures (30-40 ° C) frequently used today, has been a factor in making zeolites much less desirable than phosphates as builders in cleaning compositions containing anionic surfactants.
• These amine oxide/zeolite builder systems may be incorporated into the laundry detergents of the invention or other anionic surfactant-containing cleaning compositions in the same manner as conventional detergent builders to produce formulations from which the anionic surfactants are less apt to precipitate prematurely.
• cleaning compositions include:
• hard surface cleaners which typically comprise 1-25% by weight of one or more surfactants; 0-25% by weight of one or more bleaching agents, such as sodium percarbonate or perborate; 1-20% by weight of a pH modifier, such as sodium silicate; 10-80% by weight of one or more processing aids, such as sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate; and 1-50% by weight of the builder, and
• laundry detergent powders which typically have the same ingredients as the hard surface cleaners in essentially the same proportions but also contain 0.1-5% by weight of one or more anti-redeposition agents.
• the laundry detergents of the invention are advantageous in that they match premium phosphate-containing detergents in performance while being free of (1) the phosphates that are already of environmental concern and (2) any unusual ingredients that would require new environmental or toxicological testing. Moreover, they are effective over a wide range of soils and conditions; impart softening to laundered fabrics even without the inclusion of additional fabric softeners, such as the quaternary ammonium salts mentioned above; and can actually be less costly to make than premium phosphate-containing and phosphate-free laundry detergents that are already commercially available.
• Part B Control Repeat Part A except for replacing the 0.10g of zeohte A with 0.10g of N- tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C ⁇ AX). The ultimate uptake of calcium is 30 ppm, all of which is taken up during the first two minutes.
• Part D Control Repeat Part C except for using a 3/1 blend of C 1 AX and zeohte A (11.7 mmols of amine oxide/gram of zeohte).
• the ultimate uptake of calcium is 10 ppm, all of which is taken up during the first two minutes.
• Blends A and B phosphate-free laundry detergents of the invention
• Blend C a phosphate-free control laundry detergent
• Blend D a phosphate-containing control laundry detergent
• EXAMPLE 3 Part A Test the cleaning performance of laundry detergents A, C, and D of Example 2 by (1) placing six standard dust-sebum soiled cotton/polyester swatches in a vessel containing one liter of 200 ppm hard water (Ca + + /Mg + + ratio of 3/2), (2) adding 1.5g of the detergent to be tested, (3) agitating the contents of the vessel for ten minutes at 100 rpm, (3) rinsing the swatches with the hard water for five minutes at the same temperature used for the washing, (4) drying the rinsed swatches on a flat bed press for ten minutes, (5) measuring the reflectance of each of the swatches in a tergotometer, (6) averaging the results, and (7) calculating the difference between the average reflectance and the reflectance of a zero control as the detergency (L).
• L detergency
• Part B Repeat Part A except for using EMPA 101 (a mixture of motor oil and charcoal) soiled swatches instead of the dust-sebum soiled swatches.
• EMPA 101 a mixture of motor oil and charcoal
• Part C Repeat Part A except for using clay soiled swatches instead of the dust-sebum soiled swatches. The results of the tests are shown in Table II.
• Blend B The test results obtained with Blend B are similar to those obtained with Blend

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• 1992
  • 1992-11-17 WO PCT/US1992/009854 patent/WO1993012217A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1992-11-17 DE DE69219358T patent/DE69219358T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-11-17 EP EP92925246A patent/EP0617733B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-11-17 JP JP5510908A patent/JPH07509501A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-11-17 CA CA 2126238 patent/CA2126238A1/en not_active Abandoned

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