EP0614061B1 - Dispositif de contrÔle pour échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif de contrÔle pour échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0614061B1
EP0614061B1 EP93203712A EP93203712A EP0614061B1 EP 0614061 B1 EP0614061 B1 EP 0614061B1 EP 93203712 A EP93203712 A EP 93203712A EP 93203712 A EP93203712 A EP 93203712A EP 0614061 B1 EP0614061 B1 EP 0614061B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
exchanger
closing plate
opening
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93203712A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0614061A1 (fr
Inventor
Flavio Mele
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GIANNONI S.P.A.
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GIANNONI SpA
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Publication of EP0614061A1 publication Critical patent/EP0614061A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/087—Tap water heat exchangers specially adapted therefore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compact plate-type heat exchanger/control device assembly, easy to install and maintain, particularly intended for wall-mounted heating boilers of the combined type and associated exchanger.
  • the "heart” of those systems is the heat generator, which usually takes the form of a wall-mounted boiler and is to fill several basic demands, such as demands for reliability, efficiency, compactness, and ease of maintenance.
  • the essential components of a wall-mounted boiler include the heat exchanger between the primary fluid, i.e. the system heating circuit, and the sanitary fluid, i.e. the delivery water, as well as devices for controlling the primary flow through the exchanger to meet the demand for heated sanitary water.
  • the primary fluid should only be supplied to the exchanger and transfer its heat contents to the sanitary fluid on actual demand for sanitary water, thereby to avoid wasted heat and load losses across the primary circuit while no actual demand for heated water exists.
  • Plate-type heat exchangers have been known which are compact, efficient, occupy a very small volume of about of 80 x 180 x 35 mm, and comprise a plurality of plates juxtaposed to form two sets of intercalated flow-through chambers for the primary and the sanitary flows, respectively.
  • Such exchangers which are generally parallelepipedic in shape, carry, on a larger rectangular face thereof, four unions for connection to delivery and discharge pipes, respectively for the primary and the sanitary fluid.
  • the unions are positioned near the corners of the rectangular face (or opposed end faces), at aligned locations to internal openings arranged to put the chambers of one set into mutual communication.
  • the closing plate is provided, at the locations of the two openings, with first and second axial fittings along a perpendicular axis to the plane of the plate with a predetermined spacing between centers of the fittings which is equal to the distance between centers of a sanitary fluid outlet from a primary fluid outlet of the control device, usually a switch valve (three way valve) or straight valve with a hydraulic actuator, thereby providing a direct connection between the exchanger and the control device with no intervening elements and using a single tight union for each flow route.
  • a switch valve three way valve
  • straight valve with a hydraulic actuator
  • the manufacturing dimensional tolerances of the two elements which make up the assembly are accommodated by the provision of a coupling comprising a sleeve-type fitting on the end plate and a union to be threaded in the sleeve for the outlet fitting of the sanitary fluid from the control device, thereby achieving accurate axial positioning of the two elements, while the primary circuit coupling is accomplished by means of a ring nut clamp-down threaded sleeve being juxtaposed end-to-end through an intervening sealing gasket to an outlet union for the primary fluid from the control device (which coupling would allow for some misalignment of the elements).
  • the closing plate is also provided with outlet fittings for the sanitary fluid and the primary fluid from the exchanger, either or both of which may be provided on the opposite face of the exchanger from that of the closing plate.
  • the exchanger 1 comprises a plurality of flat plates of metal, preferably stainless steel, which are substantially rectangular in shape and formed, as by deep drawing, with ribs as well as with a pyramid-shaped rim, also obtained by deep drawing, around their peripheries.
  • the plates are juxtaposed to one another into a stack of plates between which flow-through chambers are defined.
  • Each of the plates except an end plate, is provided with four openings located near the plate corners and being each surrounded by an embossed collar formed by deep drawing on either one or the other face of the plate for contacting a corresponding collar on an adjoining plate.
  • the plate rims and contact collars are joined together by a conventional brazing process to form two sets of chambers.
  • the plates have at least the sides 29,30 of greater length slighty rounded or convex, so as to form a conoidal rim.
  • the rim conoidal shape provides a more precise and tight coupling among juxtaposed rims and tightness of the brazed seam.
  • All the chambers in one set are communicated together through a pair of coaxial openings and form a circuit for a primary and a secondary flow, respectively, which will exchange heat in countercurrent relationship.
  • the exchanger is provided with a closing plate 2, shown in front view in Figure 1, which is juxtaposed to an underlying plate 5.
  • the plate has the same dimensions as the other plates of the exchanger but preferably increased thickness, e.g. of 0.8 mm, and is provided with a first opening 3 located near a corner (the upper left corner in Figure 1) of the plate.
  • the opening 3 is surrounded by a dimpled collar 4, formed by deep drawing, which is attached to a corresponding collar 6 of the adjoining plate 5 as by brazing.
  • this may be attached to the collar 6 of the plate 5 using a brazed-on ring of appropriate thickness therebetween.
  • An inside-threaded sleeve union 7 or another type of connection is attached to the closing plate 2, at the location of the opening 3, using known means such as a brazed joint.
  • the opening 3 provides an inlet route for sanitary fluid into a chamber formed between the plate 5 and an adjoining plate 8, as well as into all the chambers of one set.
  • the plate 2 is provided with a second opening 9, which is identical with the former and is also provided with a collar 10 and sleeve union 11, for discharging sanitary (heated) water from the chambers to the hot water distribution network.
  • the opening 9 is located near the opposite corner of the plate from that having the opening 3 nearby, so that the sanitary flow will be forced to flow through the exchanger chambers along the direction of greater spread of the chambers.
  • the plate 2 is provided with a third opening 12 for admitting primary fluid into the exchanger.
  • This opening 12 rather than lying coaxial with the exchanger openings arranged for that purpose, as indicated by the phantom line 13 in Figure 1, is provided at an offset location on the plate 2, a predetermined distance center to center from the opening 3 which is equal to the distance between centers separating corresponding sanitary and primary water outlets of a straight or three way switch valve to be coupled to the exchanger.
  • the opening 12 will locate close to the plate centerline.
  • the opening 12 is also surrounded by a collar 14, embossed on the plate and carrying a fitting 15 conventionally attached thereto as by brazing.
  • the fitting 15 comprises, as shown in Figure 2, an axial sleeve 16 provided with a clamp-down ring nut 17 and a but flange 18 co-operating with an abutment on the ring nut to form a but joint having a sealing gasket 118 therebetween.
  • the opening 12 constitutes an inlet route for primary water into the distribution chamber formed between the closing plate 2 and the adjoining plate 5.
  • the primary water can flow to the openings 13 in the exchanger and thence into the set of chambers for the primary flow.
  • the embossed collar 14 is lengthened to form an embossed channel 31 extending up to a plare zone juxtaposed to the openings 13.
  • the plate 2 is provided with a fourth opening 19 for letting out the primary water from the exchanger.
  • An inner insulation ring attached to the plate 2 and a collar of the plate 5 (in turn, attached to a corresponding collar on the plate 8) as by brazing, insulates the opening 19 of the distribution chamber while communicating it to the primary fluid chambers.
  • the plate 2 is provided with a sleeve union 20 similar to the sleeve 7 but provided of preference with an outside threadway for coupling to a primary fluid recovery pipe and directing the fluid to a delivery pump at the boiler.
  • the opening 19 could also be provided in an end plate remote from the plate 2.
  • a closing plate so constructed leads to the implementation of an assembly exchanger/switch valve (and more generally, a control device) which is easy to assemble and extremely compact, as illustrated by Figure 2.
  • the union 24 is juxtaposed axially to the sleeve 16, and the ring nut 17 is threaded onto the sleeve 24.
  • the primary flow is controlled internally of the body 21 by a shutter, not shown, which can be moved between two positions to direct the inflow to one or the other of the valve outlets according to its position setting.
  • the rod being slidable in a seat provided with sealing gaskets, will act on the shutter.
  • the outlet union 27 for the sanitary water from the actuator is threaded into the sleeve 7.
  • the distance between centers of the union 27 from the union 24, having parallel axes, is equal to the center-to-center spacing of the exchanger sleeves 7 and 16, whereby the coupling of the two elements, the exchanger and the switch valve, or more generally the flow control device, will be a direct one with no elbow fittings therebetween which would greatly increase the assembly bulk and make assembling and disassembling for maintenance more difficult.
  • the control device may include, additionally to local actuation mechanisms, devices for controlling remote elements, such as a microswitch 28 to be operated by the actuator 25 to control such remotely located elements as pumps and solenoid valves.
  • devices for controlling remote elements such as a microswitch 28 to be operated by the actuator 25 to control such remotely located elements as pumps and solenoid valves.
  • the system would expediently be operated for just those time periods while a demand for hot water exists.
  • the switch valve may be replaced by a valve mounted in the primary flow return line to the boiler and connected directly to the exchanger outlet for the primary flow, whilst the exchanger primary inlet would be connected directly to the boiler water system.
  • the closing plate can accommodate the distance between centers of the exchanger primary fluid outlet from the exchanger sanitary fluid inlet to enable direct coupling of the valve and its associated actuator to the exchanger.
  • valve could be connected directly to the exchanger primary fluid inlet by its primary fluid outlet.
  • the hydraulic actuator be supplied with cold sanitary fluid, and therefore, placed upstream of the exchanger, there would be no substantial objection to its installation downstream from the exchanger, and therefore, connected to the sanitary outlet of the exchanger.
  • the actuator could be, rather than of the hydraulic type, an electromechanical or thermomechanical or the like type driven by a flow rate sensor.
  • the closing plate with offset connection from corresponding openings in the exchanger plates would enable an integrated exchanger/control device assembly to be provided, with the device being connected directly to the exchanger with no intervening elbow connections or else into a compact and reliable arrangement, even if no direct connection need to be provided for the control device to the sanitary circuit of the exchanger, so that the closure plate could be formed, in the extreme, with one opening with an inlet/outlet fitting for direct connection to the control device while the other three inlet/outlet openings could be provided, along with their respective fittings, wholly or in part in the end plate of the exchanger plate bank opposite from the closing plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ensemble formé d'un échangeur du type à plaques et d'un dispositif de commande (1, 21), du type dans lequel un banc de plaques (5) de forme approximativement régulière et pourvues de quatre ouvertures au voisinage de leurs sommets forment une pluralité de chambres d'échange de chaleur pour l'échange de chaleur entre un fluide primaire et un fluide sanitaire qui sont respectivement admis dans et extraits hors de deux groupes discrets desdites chambres, respectivement via une paire desdites ouvertures, et un dispositif de commande (21) est accouplé audit échangeur (1) pour commander l'écoulement de fluide primaire vers ledit échangeur selon la demande pour du fluide sanitaire en sortie, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    une plaque de fermeture (2) pour ledit échangeur (1) qui forme, par juxtaposition et attachement à une première (5) desdites plaques, une chambre de distribution pour l'un desdits fluides, lesdites plaques de fermeture (2) étant pourvues :
    d'une première ouverture (3) connectée de façon étanche et coaxiale à une ouverture correspondante dans ladite première plaque (5) pour admettre/décharger l'un desdits fluides vers ledit échangeur et hors de celui-ci,
    d'une seconde ouverture (12) décalée desdites ouvertures (13) dans lesdites plaques, à une distance depuis le centre de ladite plaque de fermeture qui est inférieure à la distance desdites ouvertures (13) depuis le centre des plaques associées et à une distance prédéterminée en éloignement de ladite première ouverture (3),
    d'un premier (7) et d'un second (16) raccord axial avec des axes perpendiculaires à ladite plaque de fermeture (2), qui sont attachés à ladite plaque de fermeture et sont respectivement coaxiaux à ladite première (3) et ladite seconde (12) ouverture pour la connexion détachable d'un dispositif de commande (21), et
    un dispositif de commande (21) pourvu d'une entrée de fluide primaire (22), d'au moins une sortie de fluide primaire (24), d'une entrée de fluide sanitaire (26) et d'une sortie de fluide sanitaire (27), et
    des moyens de commande (25) qui réagissent au débit de fluide sanitaire à travers ledit dispositif de commande pour permettre un écoulement de fluide primaire entre ladite entrée de fluide primaire (22) et ladite sortie de fluide primaire (24) pour un débit de fluide sanitaire au-dessus d'un niveau prédéterminé, ladite entrée et ladite sortie (22, 24) de fluide primaire dudit dispositif étant connectées directement à l'une parmi ladite première (3) et ladite seconde (12) ouverture dans la plaque de fermeture (2) au moyen de son premier (7) ou de son second (16) raccord axial correspondant, ladite entrée/sortie (26, 27) de fluide sanitaire dudit dispositif étant connectée directement à l'autre parmi ladite première et ladite seconde ouverture dans la plaque de fermeture au moyen de son premier ou de son second raccord axial correspondant.
  2. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'un parmi ledit premier (7) et ledit second (16) raccord comprend un premier fourreau (7) solidaire de ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et pourvu d'un taraudage intérieur, et une butée terminale destinée à être en engagement vissé par un raccord fileté à l'extérieur (27) dudit dispositif de commande, et l'autre (16) parmi ledit premier et ledit second raccord comprend un second fourreau (16) solidaire de ladite plaque de fermeture, et un écrou annulaire de serrage (17) engagé sur ledit second fourreau, lequel est taraudé et formé avec un épaulement de butée qui coopère avec un prolongement de butée annulaire (18) dudit second fourreau, pour une connexion en bout à bout avec un raccord fileté à l'extérieur (24) dudit dispositif de commande, avec un joint d'étanchéité (118) entre eux.
  3. Ensemble selon les revendications précédentes 1 et 2, dans lequel ladite plaque de fermeture (2) comporte une troisième ouverture (19) qui est isolée de ladite chambre de distribution en relation d'étanchement avec celle-ci et ouverte dans une chambre d'échange de chaleur d'un premier groupe parmi lesdits deux groupes de chambres, et un troisième raccord axial (20) avec un axe perpendiculaire à ladite plaque, solidaire de ladite plaque et coaxial avec ladite troisième ouverture (19).
  4. Ensemble selon les revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite plaque de fermeture comporte une quatrième ouverture (9) isolée de ladite chambre de distribution et en relation d'étanchement avec celle-ci, et ouverte dans une chambre d'échange de chaleur d'un second groupe parmi lesdits deux groupes de chambres, et un quatrième raccord axial (11) ayant un axe perpendiculaire à ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et coaxial avec ladite quatrième ouverture (9).
  5. Echangeur de chaleur du type à plaques (1) pour former un ensemble intégré formé d'un échangeur et d'un dispositif de commande, du type dans lequel une pile de plaques de forme approximativement rectangulaire et pourvues de quatre ouvertures au voisinage de leurs sommets forme une pluralité de chambres d'échange de chaleur pour l'échange de chaleur entre un fluide primaire et un fluide sanitaire qui sont admis dans et extraits hors de deux groupes discrets desdites chambres respectivement, chacun via une paire desdites ouvertures respectivement, et un dispositif de commande (21) accouplé audit échangeur commande d'écoulement de fluide primaire à travers ledit échangeur selon la demande en fluide sanitaire en sortie,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    une plaque de fermeture (2) pour ledit échangeur et formant, par juxtaposition et attachement à une première (5) desdites plaques, une chambre de distribution pour l'un desdits fluides entre une première ouverture (12) dans ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et une ouverture (13) dans ladite première plaque (5), ladite première ouverture (12) étant décalée des ouvertures dans lesdites plaques (5), et
    un raccord axial (16) ayant un axe perpendiculaire à ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et attaché à celle-ci pour une connexion libérable avec un premier raccord (24) du dispositif de commande.
  6. Echangeur du type à plaques (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque de fermeture (2) est pourvue d'une seconde ouverture (3) isolée de ladite chambre de distribution, coaxiale avec une ouverture dans ladite première plaque (5) et en communication avec celle-ci, et un second raccord axial (7) ayant un axe perpendiculaire au plan de ladite plaque de fermeture (2) pour une connexion libérable avec un second raccord (27) dudit dispositif de commande, l'espacement mutuel entre les centres dudit premier et dudit second raccord (7, 16) étant prédéterminé et égal à l'espacement entre les centres dudit premier et dudit second raccord (24, 27).
  7. Echangeur du type à plaques selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de distribution formée par ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et ladite première plaque (5) est en communication avec le groupe de chambres de fluide primaire dudit échangeur, et ledit second raccord (7) est en communication avec le groupe de chambres de fluide sanitaire dudit échangeur via ladite ouverture coaxiale dans ladite première plaque (5).
  8. Echangeur du type à plaques selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de distribution formée par ladite plaque de fermeture (2) et par ladite première plaque (5) est en communication avec le groupe de chambres de fluide sanitaire dudit échangeur, et ledit second raccord (7) est en communication avec le groupe de chambres de fluide primaire dédit échangeur via ladite ouverture coaxiale dans ladite première plaque (5).
  9. Echangeur du type à plaques selon les revendications 5, 6, 7, 8, dans lequel lesdites plaques de ladite pile et ladite plaque de fermeture (2) possèdent un cadre embouti, et au moins les côtés (29, 30) de grande longueur étant convexes et formant une surface conique.
  10. Echangeur du type à plaques selon les revendications 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, dans lequel ladite plaque de fermeture (2) comprend un canal embouti (31) qui s'étend entre ladite première ouverture décalée (12) et une zone de la plaque de fermeture juxtaposée à une ouverture (13) desdites plaques empilées.
EP93203712A 1993-03-05 1993-12-28 Dispositif de contrÔle pour échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur correspondant Expired - Lifetime EP0614061B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI930427A IT1271978B (it) 1993-03-05 1993-03-05 Gruppo scambiatore a piastre dispositivo di controllo e relativo scambiatore.
ITMI930427 1993-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0614061A1 EP0614061A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
EP0614061B1 true EP0614061B1 (fr) 1998-01-28

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EP93203712A Expired - Lifetime EP0614061B1 (fr) 1993-03-05 1993-12-28 Dispositif de contrÔle pour échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur correspondant

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0614061B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69316734T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2088835T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1271978B (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4427846C2 (de) * 1994-08-05 1997-07-31 Danfoss As Regeleinrichtung für die Temperatur des aus einer Wasserleitung entnommenen Wassers
SE9502189D0 (sv) * 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Plattvärmeväxlare
DE19906180C2 (de) * 1999-02-05 2003-02-06 Peter Rehberg Plattenwärmeübertrager für Warmwasserbereitung und -speicherung
FR2790073B1 (fr) * 1999-02-24 2001-06-08 Mer Joseph Marie Le Echangeur thermique a plaques, a vanne integree
FR2803025B1 (fr) 1999-12-22 2002-05-03 Mer Joseph Le Echangeur thermique a plaques, a clapet de decharge integre
FR2822217B1 (fr) 2001-03-16 2004-03-12 Andre Jean Crime Robinet de puisage d'eau chaude sanitaire moderateur de temperature sans melange eau chaude - eau froide
DE102004004975B4 (de) 2004-01-31 2015-04-23 Modine Manufacturing Co. Plattenwärmeübertrager
FR2967248B1 (fr) * 2010-11-10 2015-01-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Echangeur de chaleur fluide/fluide
US10876794B2 (en) * 2017-06-12 2020-12-29 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Gasketed plate and shell heat exchanger
DE102022202732A1 (de) 2022-03-21 2023-09-21 Mahle International Gmbh Stapelscheiben-Wärmeübertrager für ein Thermomanagementmodul

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1223519B (it) * 1987-12-17 1990-09-19 Giorgio Scanferla Metodo e caldaia di tipo istantaneo per ridurre i tempi di attesa per l'erogazione di acqua calda sanitaria in occasione dell'attivazione della caldaia in particolare durante il periodo estivo
JP2737987B2 (ja) * 1989-03-09 1998-04-08 アイシン精機株式会社 積層型蒸発器
IE64054B1 (en) * 1989-06-22 1995-06-28 Terance Gerard Madigan A domestic water heating assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69316734T2 (de) 1998-05-20
ITMI930427A0 (it) 1993-03-05
ES2088835T3 (es) 1998-05-01
EP0614061A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
IT1271978B (it) 1997-06-10
ITMI930427A1 (it) 1994-09-05
DE69316734D1 (de) 1998-03-05
ES2088835T1 (es) 1996-10-01

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