EP0609553B1 - Tonabnehmer für Musikinstrumente mit Resonanzkörpern - Google Patents
Tonabnehmer für Musikinstrumente mit Resonanzkörpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0609553B1 EP0609553B1 EP93120704A EP93120704A EP0609553B1 EP 0609553 B1 EP0609553 B1 EP 0609553B1 EP 93120704 A EP93120704 A EP 93120704A EP 93120704 A EP93120704 A EP 93120704A EP 0609553 B1 EP0609553 B1 EP 0609553B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- permanent magnet
- pick
- accordance
- outer edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/46—Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pickup for frequencies in the listening area, for musical instruments with sound boxes, according to the characteristics of the The preamble of claim 1.
- Pickups have already become known in various embodiments. They differ from each other essentially by their working principle.
- the known pickups work on the piezoelectric principle, according to the electrostatic principle or are designed as a capacitor pickup. All these pickups have in common that they do not have balanced dynamics have and also no linear frequency response.
- a pickup is known with a cylindrical Housing in which an induction coil is fixed. This housing is opposite the musical instrument or its vibrating part stored stationary. With the vibrating part of the musical instrument is a protruding into the induction coil Permanent magnet connected. Above the stationary in the housing Coil and separated from it lies in and from an elastic, flat pillow entirely and with play enclosed a disc-shaped ferromagnetic Body.
- This construction of the pickup is intended to ensure that only the sounds coming from the musical instrument, but not sounds from the surrounding area, and that over the entire frequency range of the musical instrument be transmitted.
- the construction of this known pickup shows that this works compulsively excited, so it must be compared to the musical instrument rest so that a differential voltage can be generated at all.
- the invention now aims to design a pickup so constructively that its dynamics and frequency response compared to the well-known pickups is improved, which according to the invention succeeds through those measures which Contents and subject of the characterizing part of claim 1 are.
- a dynamic pickup is obtained with two levels, so to speak, the vibrating level through the instrument is embodied and a second, decoupled via the spring-elastic mounting Level.
- the difference in movement of the two levels is determined by the coil magnet system converted into electrical voltage.
- the dynamic behavior of the decoupled The level is defined by the filter theory. It is a filter 2nd order (spring mass).
- With precise coordination (damping) according to Butterworth corresponds to the delivered voltage, i.e. the difference movement of the two Levels, exactly the movement of the vibrating level, i.e. of the instrument.
- At the resonance frequency of the decoupled level e.g. 50 Hz
- the piezoceramic pickups only work on one Level and are therefore positively stimulated.
- the piezo element vibrates with it Instrument with and its "bend" for voltage generation is more random or strongly dependent on their mass and thus resonance points.
- These pickups are only developed empirically to enhance bass response, which is very weak with these pickups, they will e.g. in the The instrument's bridge is pinched, but this creates unnatural deep bass and the Playback looks very bruised.
- the dynamics of these pickups is very high limited, large amplitudes are caused by the resonance of the piezo element cropped, therefore they are particularly suitable for strongly vibrating instruments (piano) unusable.
- Electrostatic pickups are better than piezoelectric in many ways because the problems with "bending” are eliminated, the "decoupled plane”, e.g. about an elastic material like cork, but is also not defined and the listening area is discolored by many resonance points. Large vibrations also result here to distortion.
- the pickup according to the invention can be attached "freely swinging" and is therefore extremely universal; its vibration behavior is defined; the mass / spring system (magnet / spring) forms a second-order resonant circuit; the connection of the moving coil with the pot magnet allows for the generation of useful ones Voltages a low-resistance voice coil, which is high efficiency has simple electrical adjustment, has little hum, has a high external voltage separation and low cable losses; the music instrument or its soundboard is only by the mass of the pickup steamed; in practice, this is approximately 15 g mass of the pickup Damping hardly in the audible range; only with very light resonance surfaces, e.g.
- the permanent magnet is separate from the housing and directly with the vibrating part of the musical instrument (either with the eardrum or connected to the strings).
- the subject of the invention is the permanent magnet suspended resiliently in the housing, which in turn with the swinging Part of the musical instrument is connected; the subject of the invention the voice coil on the housing wall that is vibrating Part of the musical instrument is fixed; in the subject of DE-A-23 16 000 the coil is fixed in the housing, which in turn is opposite the The eardrum is stationary.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment.
- 2 shows a cross section through a second embodiment;
- 3 shows a cross section through a third embodiment;
- Fig. 4 illustrates in cross section the basic structure of the pickup according to the invention;
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the spring in plan view.
- the pickup in its first embodiment according to FIG. 1 has a housing 1, with its one wall part two on the resonance body 3 one not closer here string instrument shown attached, for example glued or cemented is.
- a cylindrical voice coil 5 On the inside of the wall part 2, namely in the middle area Arranged via a connecting web 4, a cylindrical voice coil 5, the Connections 6 are led to the outside.
- This voice coil 5 protrudes into the annular gap 7 of a permanent magnet 8, which consists of the actual cylindrical magnet 9, a cup-shaped iron yoke 10 and a disc-shaped iron yoke 11 are formed is.
- This permanent magnet 8 is received by an annular carrier 12, which has a plurality of axially parallel bores 13 in which a damping material 14, for example a felt is filled.
- a perforated disc-shaped Membrane 15 is with its outer edge on the outer edge of the carrier 12 and with attached its inner edge to the connecting web 4 for the voice coil 5.
- a leaf-shaped spring 16 which is very stiff in its plane, perpendicular to it, i.e. in the axial direction the pickup, is very soft. This spring 16 is on with its outer edge the inside of the housing 1 and with its inner edge on the permanent magnet 8 attached.
- FIG. 5 An expedient embodiment of such a spring 16 is shown in plan view in FIG. 5 shown. It has a central part 17 with a central opening 18 for the Inclusion of the permanent magnet 8, an outer edge 19 which on the housing 1st is set and a plurality of circumferential arms 20, the edge 19 and middle part 17 connect.
- the spring 16 is designed in one piece. Such The spring has a very soft elasticity perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (Fig. 5), in the drawing plane itself, however, it is very rigid.
- the membrane 15 has the task of damping the required System, depending on which instrument the pickup is intended for , this pickup is to be tuned at the factory, so that optimal transmission properties are guaranteed. This vote is on the spring 16th achieved by using springs of different elasticity. Furthermore about the damping material 14 to be introduced into the bores 13.
- this can Ring can also be formed from several sections with the circumferential direction follow each other.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 resilient elements provided in a common arrangement.
- the middle part of the wall part 2 is by a Rubber disc 200 formed, which carries a pin 23 in the center, which is on the inside is connected to the voice coil 5, whereas it is connected to its outer end face bears directly on the resonance body 3 of the instrument, not shown.
- This pin 23 has the function of a push button and for its abutment on the resonance body 3 of the instrument can be secured on the inside of the rubber washer 200 leaf-shaped springs 24, for example in a star-shaped arrangement are provided, the pin 23 serving as a button on the resonance body Press 3.
- the membrane 15 is in the same Arranged way. This arrangement is not mandatory.
- Fig. 4 shows in cross section the principle of the invention in a simplified representation: the perforated disc Membrane 15 is here directly with the permanent magnet 8 on the one hand and on the other hand connected to the inside of the housing 1.
- the bore 13 with the Damping material 14 is provided in the permanent magnet 8, which here has several Coil springs 60 is suspended in the housing 1.
- springs 16, 60 and 160 shown can also be provided in the form of leaf-shaped strip springs will. Regardless of the design of the springs themselves, they have the task of decoupling the permanent magnet from the housing 1 and store it so that it can swing freely and easily in its axial direction, transverse to it, however, has no or only a slight possibility of evasion.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform; Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform; Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform; Fig. 4 veranschaulicht im Querschnitt den prinzipiellen Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Tonabnehmers; Fig. 5 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Feder in Draufsicht.
- 1
- Gehäuse
- 2
- Wandteil
- 3
- Resonanzkörper
- 4
- Verbindungssteg
- 5
- Schwingspule
- 6
- Anschluß
- 7
- Ringspalt
- 8
- Permanentmagnet
- 9
- Magnet
- 10
- topfförmiges Eisenjoch
- 11
- scheibenförmiges Eisenjoch
- 12
- Träger
- 13
- Bohrung
- 14
- Dämpfungsmaterial
- 15
- Membran
- 16
- Feder
- 17
- Mittelteil
- 18
- Aufnahmeöffnung
- 19
- äußerer Rand
- 20
- Arm
- 21
- Oberseite
- 22
- Schulter
- 23
- Stift
- 24
- Blattfeder
- 60
- Schraubenfeder
- 160
- Ring
- 200
- Gummischeibe
Claims (12)
- Tonabnehmer für Frequenzen im Hörbereich, für Musikinstrumente mit Resonanzkörpern (3), wie beispielsweise Saiteninstrumenten, mit einem am Resonanzkörper (3) des Instrumentes festlegbaren Gehäuse (1) und einer Induktionsspule (15), deren Anschlüsse (6) durch das Gehäuse (1) nach außen geführt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der am Resonanzkörper (3) festlegbare Wandteil (2) des Gehäuses (1) die Induktionsspule (5) trägt und die Induktionsspule in einen Ringspalt (7) eines im Gehäuse (1) federelastisch gelagerten Permanentmagneten (8) ragt und der Permanentmagnet (8) durch diese federelastische Lagerung (16;60;160) in Achsrichtung der Induktionsspule (5) und relativ zum Gehäuse (1) beweglich ist.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur federelastischen Lagerung des Permanentmagneten (8) eine scheibenförmige Blattfeder (16) vorgesehen ist, deren Mittelteil (17) mit dem Permanentmagneten (8) verbunden ist und deren äußerer Rand (19) am Gehäuse (1) festlegbar ist, wobei zwischen dem äußeren Rand (19) und dem Mittelteil (17) mehrere, im wesentlichen in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende, federnde Arme (20) vorgesehen sind und der äußere Rand, der Mittelteil (17) und die Arme (20) einstückig ausgebildet sind.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur federelastischen Lagerung des Permanentmagneten (8) zwischen diesem und dem Gehäuse (1) Auflager aus makromolekularem Schaumstoff, vorzugsweise ein Ring (160) aus makromolekularem Schaumstoff vorgesehen ist, dessen Achse mit der Achse des Permanentmagneten (8) fluchtet.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußere Rand der Blattfeder (16) über Auflager aus makromolekularem Schaumstoff, vorzugsweise über einen Ring (160) aus makromolekularem Schaumstoff, mit dem Gehäuse (1) verbunden ist.
- Tonabnehmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der am Resonanzkörper (3) anlegbare Wandteil (2) des Gehäuses (1) wenigstens zum Teil aus elastisch verformbarem Material, vorzugsweise aus einer Gummischeibe (200), gebildet ist und mit diesem Teil ein Stift (23) verbunden ist, der einerseits am Resonanzkörper (3) anliegt und der andererseits die Schwingspule (5) trägt.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwingspule (5) mit einer Membran (15) verbunden ist.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (15) das Gehäuse (1) in mindestens zwei Kammern unterteilt, welche über mit Dämpfungsmaterialien (14) aufweisenden Bohrungen (13) miteinander verbunden sind.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußere Rand der Membran (15) mit dem den Permanentmagneten (8) haltenden Träger (12), welcher ringartig ausgebildet ist, verbunden ist.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im ringartigen, der Halterung des Permanentmagneten (8) dienenden Träger (12) achsparallele, mit Dämpfungsmaterialien (14) gefüllte Bohrungen (13) vorgesehen sind.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur federelastischen Lagerung des Permanentmagneten (8) mehrere streifenartige Federn in sternförmiger Anordnung vorgesehen sind.
- Tonabnehmer nach den Ansprüchen 7 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Dämpfungsmaterial (14) Filz vorgesehen ist.
- Tonabnehmer nach Anspruch 7 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (8) mit vorzugsweise mehreren, zur Achse der Schwingspule (5) parallel angeordneten Schraubenfedern (60) mit dem Gehäuse (1) verbunden ist und die als Lochscheibe ausgebildete Membran (15) mit ihrem inneren Rand am Permanentmagneten (8), mit ihrem äußeren Rand an der Innenseite des Gehäuses (1) befestigt ist und die mit Dämpfungsmaterial (14) gefüllte Bohrung (13) im Permanentmagneten (8) vorgesehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT109/93 | 1993-01-25 | ||
AT0010993A ATA10993A (de) | 1993-01-25 | 1993-01-25 | Tonabnehmer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0609553A2 EP0609553A2 (de) | 1994-08-10 |
EP0609553A3 EP0609553A3 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
EP0609553B1 true EP0609553B1 (de) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=3481755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93120704A Expired - Lifetime EP0609553B1 (de) | 1993-01-25 | 1993-12-23 | Tonabnehmer für Musikinstrumente mit Resonanzkörpern |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5461193A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0609553B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3662033B2 (de) |
AT (2) | ATA10993A (de) |
DE (1) | DE59308214D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10318216A1 (de) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-25 | Hermann Müller | Schallschwingungsabnahmesystem, Klanginstrument und Verfahren zur Abnahme von Schallschwingungen |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6605771B1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2003-08-12 | Lloyd R. Baggs | Pickup assembly for musical instrument |
US6848631B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2005-02-01 | Robert James Monson | Flat fan device |
US7291780B2 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2007-11-06 | Taylor-Listug, Inc. | Transducer for converting between mechanical vibration and electrical signal |
US7132597B2 (en) | 2002-02-26 | 2006-11-07 | Taylor-Listug, Inc. | Transducer for converting between mechanical vibration and electrical signal |
US7244886B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2007-07-17 | Taylor-Listug, Inc. | Invisible electromagnetic pickup for a stringed musical instrument |
WO2006053290A2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Andrew H. Elser V.M.D., Pc | Equine wireless physiological monitoring system |
US7514614B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2009-04-07 | Mcgrew Walter Jay | Electro-acoustic guitar |
US8217254B2 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2012-07-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Digital instrument with physical resonator |
US8710337B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2014-04-29 | Fernando R. Gomes | Tone enhancement bracket |
US8724833B1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-05-13 | Floyd Bell Inc. | Piezoelectric audible signal with spring contacts and retaining and spacer ring |
IT201800001968A1 (it) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-08-05 | Roberto Gardin | Trasduttore a contatto per strumenti musicali acustici con piano armonico vibrante |
EP3840408A1 (de) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-23 | Continental Engineering Services GmbH | Aktuator zur körperschallerzeugung |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3725561A (en) * | 1971-09-14 | 1973-04-03 | Gibson Inc | Method of electrically reproducing music and improved electrical pickup for practicing the same |
AT388071B (de) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-04-25 | Schertler Stephan | Tonabnehmer zur anbringung an musikinstrumenten |
US5335576A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-08-09 | Nobuaki Hayashi | Pickup for guitar |
-
1993
- 1993-01-25 AT AT0010993A patent/ATA10993A/de unknown
- 1993-12-23 EP EP93120704A patent/EP0609553B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-23 DE DE59308214T patent/DE59308214D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-23 AT AT93120704T patent/ATE163827T1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-01-04 US US08/177,217 patent/US5461193A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-21 JP JP00538894A patent/JP3662033B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10318216A1 (de) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-25 | Hermann Müller | Schallschwingungsabnahmesystem, Klanginstrument und Verfahren zur Abnahme von Schallschwingungen |
DE10318216B4 (de) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-03-16 | Hermann Müller | Schallschwingungsabnahmesystem, Klanginstrument und Verfahren zur Abnahme von Schallschwingungen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE163827T1 (de) | 1998-03-15 |
JP3662033B2 (ja) | 2005-06-22 |
JPH06282269A (ja) | 1994-10-07 |
US5461193A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
EP0609553A2 (de) | 1994-08-10 |
ATA10993A (de) | 1999-06-15 |
EP0609553A3 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
DE59308214D1 (de) | 1998-04-09 |
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