Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/13—Amines
  • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/14—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for lactation disorders, e.g. galactorrhoea

Definitions

• This method is the administration of an active agent which is 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylamino)ethanol, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
• the active agent to be employed in the present method is 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylamino)ethanol, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound has the following formula: It is known by its USAN name of "ractopamine.” It has two asymmetric carbon atoms.
• an individual isomer can be used, but preferably the compound is employed as a mixture of the isomers.
• the hydrochloride is the preferred salt.
• beta-adrenergic agonists in milk production is disclosed in Dialog Abstract, File 155, Acc. No. 7975137.
• Higher milk production is desirable for those breeds that are used for dairy purposes, since the milk is sold. Higher milk production is also desirable for those breeds in which the practice is to allow the offspring to suckle.
• the offspring has a larger supply of milk for sustenance, and achieves a higher weight by weaning.
• the active agent is administered to a female bovidae during its mammary glands' allometric growth phase preceding first conception.
• the age at which each species reaches puberty and can be bred is known.
• Females from Bos taurus generally reach puberty when they are two-thirds of "adult" size for the particular breed. This will occur in a period ranging from 4 months to 14 months of age.
• puberty is only in part controlled by size, being also controlled by seasonality; in general, these species reach puberty at 40 to 70 percent of their adult size, which is generally attained at 5 to 10 months. However, cycling may be delayed for a year if the necessary size is reached late in autumn.
• the present active agent is administered in the latter portion of the allometric growth phase, which will include the period prior to puberty (first estrus) and may include the early post puberty period. However, around puberty, the allometric growth phase is gradually converted to an isometric phase, and the opportunity for beneficially altering the development of the mammary glands is reduced. Therefore, in a particularly preferred practice, the present active agent is administered in the period prior to puberty. The length of this period will vary with the particular bovidae to be treated. In bovidae which are Bos taurus, the period will generally be two to four months preceding puberty.
• the present invention can be practiced with dairy breeds such as the Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Friesian, Dutch Red and White, Danish Red, and Normande.
• dairy breeds such as the Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Friesian, Dutch Red and White, Danish Red, and Normande.
• the present invention can be practiced with beef breeds such as the Angus, Hereford, Chianina, Penzgauer, Red Angus, Polled Hereford, Devon, South Devon, Santa Gertrudis, Galloway, Maine-Anjou, Brangus, Brahman, Gelbvieh, Charolais, and Limousin, as well as crossbreds. Additionally, some breeds, such as the Simmental and Shorthorn, are used for both dairy and beef purposes.
• the present invention can also be practiced on other female bovidae, such as goats, sheep, and buffaloes.
• the present active agent can be administered in any of a number of ways.
• the compound can be administered orally, as part of a complete feed, as a topdress, as a supplement, or in drinking water.
• the compound can be combined with a physiologically acceptable carrier and injected into the animal to be treated.
• the compound can be formulated as part of an implant, which is inserted subcutaneously and from which the active agent is delivered over a period of time. The most preferred manner of delivery is orally, in the feed.
• an effective amount of the active agent can be delivered in feeds containing the present active agent in a concentration of from 5 to 200 ppm, and preferably from 20 to 125 ppm.
• the present invention is exemplified by the following example. Forty prepubertal Holstein heifers were used in this experiment. Average weight and age at the beginning of the study were approximately 249 kg and 244 days (8 months). Heifers were paired according to weight and age and assigned to either a control or experimental treatment. Heifers were maintained in pens of four. The experimental treatment was ractopamine fed at 80 ppm of the diet on a dry matter basis. Duration of the treatment was 70 days.
• Body weight of heifers was determined beginning on the first day of the study and continuing at seven day intervals throughout the 70 d treatment period. Body weights at the beginning and end of the study were the average of two consecutive day weighings. Height at the withers was determined at the beginning and end of the study.
• heifers were euthanized and the mammary gland and ovaries removed. Mammary glands were trimmed, removing medial and lateral suspensory ligaments and excess skin. Trimmed glands were weighed and dissected. The skin and teats were removed first. Next, extraneous tissue (mostly fascia) was removed from the dorsal surface of the gland. The remainder of the nonmammary tissue was separated physically from the anterior and lateral portions of the gland and fat pad. The supra mammary lymph nodes were removed as well. The gland was then separated into left and right halves and weighed.
• the right half of the mammary gland from 36 heifers was dissected into parenchymal and nonparenchymal tissue. Each component was weighed and tissue portions submitted for analysis of water by oven drying at 100C for 24 hr and of lipid by ether extract, and of protein by Kjeldahl.
• Weight of the mammary gland and its tissue types are shown in Table 3.
• the total weight of mammary glands from control heifers was 7.9 % greater than for heifers fed ractopamine.
• the difference between treatments in trimmed weight of the mammary glands was not statistically significant.
• differences between treatments for actual weight of each tissue type and proportion of tissue type as a percent of the total gland were not statistically significant.
• the mammary glands from heifers fed ractopamine weighed slightly less (4.7%) than the glands from control heifers but contained slightly more parenchyma (3.1%) and less nonparenchyma (11.8%).
• Parenchyma from mammary glands of heifers fed ractopamine contained a lower percentage of lipid (P ⁇ 0.01) and an increased percentage of protein (P ⁇ 0.06), water (P ⁇ 0.01), and ash (P ⁇ 0.01) when compared to mammary glands from control heifers. While there was a 11.8 % reduction (P>0.2) in weight of nonparenchymal tissue in the mammary glands of heifers fed ractopamine, there were no differences in the chemical composition of the nonparenchymal tissue.
• the percentage and weight of protein, lipid, ash and water in the total gland are shown in Table 6.
• Mammary glands from heifers fed ractopamine contained on a percentage basis, higher protein (P ⁇ 0.07) and water (P ⁇ 0.03) and lower lipid (P ⁇ 0.04). Feeding of ractopamine reduced (P ⁇ 0.03) the weight of total lipid in the mammary gland but the effects of ractopamine on protein, ash, and water were not statistically significant.
• parenchyma from mammary glands of ractopamine-fed heifers contained less (P ⁇ 0.01) lipid and more (P>0.06) protein on a percentage basis than did control heifers. There was no effect of ractopamine on lipid content of the nonparenchymal tissue.
• Control Ractopamine Percent Change from Control
• P Total weight, g 3508 3231 (-7.9) 0.14 Trimmed weight, g 2285 2177 (-4.7) 0.39 Mammary gland, % of Body Wt 0.66 0.61 (-7.6) 0.19 Right mammary gland weight, g 1134.75 1082.1 (-4.6) 0.39 Parenchyma, g 554 571 (+3.1) 0.8 Nonparenchyma, g 574.7 506.9 (-11.8) 0.22 Parenchyma, % of Mammary gland 48.6 52.9 (+8.8) 0.31 Nonparenchyma, % of Mammary gland 50.9 47.1 (-7.5) 0.39 Table 4 Chemical composition of parenchymal and nonparenchymal tissues from mammary glands.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
• Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
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• Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
• Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

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• 1992
  • 1992-12-21 US US07/994,034 patent/US5308870A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1993
  • 1993-12-15 CZ CZ932769A patent/CZ284324B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-12-15 ZA ZA939426A patent/ZA939426B/xx unknown
  • 1993-12-15 RO RO93-01707A patent/RO112085B1/ro unknown
  • 1993-12-15 TW TW082110657A patent/TW250433B/zh active
  • 1993-12-15 MX MX9308024A patent/MX9308024A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1993-12-16 PL PL93301515A patent/PL301515A1/xx unknown
  • 1993-12-16 NO NO934654D patent/NO934654D0/no unknown
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  • 1993-12-16 IL IL10804593A patent/IL108045A/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-12-17 HU HU9303634A patent/HU215492B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1993-12-17 RU RU93056592A patent/RU2113223C1/ru active
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  • 1993-12-17 DE DE69310882T patent/DE69310882T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-12-17 DK DK93310256.8T patent/DK0604141T3/da active
  • 1993-12-20 KR KR1019930028686A patent/KR940013510A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-12-20 JP JP5319435A patent/JPH06217709A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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  • 1993-12-20 AU AU52525/93A patent/AU671873B2/en not_active Ceased
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• 1997
  • 1997-07-16 GR GR970401764T patent/GR3024114T3/el unknown

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