EP0602040A1 - Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation. - Google Patents

Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation.

Info

Publication number
EP0602040A1
EP0602040A1 EP92909172A EP92909172A EP0602040A1 EP 0602040 A1 EP0602040 A1 EP 0602040A1 EP 92909172 A EP92909172 A EP 92909172A EP 92909172 A EP92909172 A EP 92909172A EP 0602040 A1 EP0602040 A1 EP 0602040A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
condensate
line
turbine
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92909172A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0602040B1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Keller
Dietmar Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0602040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0602040A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0602040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0602040B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F01K13/025—Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode, the rotor of the steam turbine being rotated without being exposed to the steam to be relaxed.
  • ventilation operation comes, for. B. before in a multi-housing turbo set, in which a possibility for dissipating the steam to be otherwise relaxed in the low-pressure turbine in a heating heat exchanger or the like is provided in front of a low-pressure steam turbine.
  • a multi-housing turbo set it is common to couple the rotors of the individual turbines to one another and to connect them rigidly to the shaft of a generator or the like. Accordingly, all turbines of the turbo set rotate synchronously, including turbines that, for example, do not operate in power mode due to a different use of the steam.
  • condensate is injected into the outlet or, if the cooling power to be used must be particularly high, into the inlet of the turbine with atomization.
  • the condensate evaporates with a drop in temperature and is therefore able to cool the ventilating turbine.
  • Night egg Lig is that the cooling effect of the condensate injected at the outlet of the turbine is severely limited, or that the injection of condensate at the inlet of the turbine leads to an undesirable strong cooling of the turbine shaft. On the one hand, this greatly increases the cooling capacity to be used, and on the other, the turbine shaft is subjected to undesirable stresses due to the cooling.
  • the cooling effect is also often limited to parts of the turbine in the vicinity of the outlet; If the injection is carried out at the inlet, condensate, which agglomerates in the area of the inlet, can endanger the blading of the turbine through surge formation.
  • Thermal power plants with steam turbines are described for example in DE-OS 14 26 887 and DE 3406 071 AI; the latter document relates specifically to cooling measures in a steam turbine, but cooling measures that aim at the power operation of the steam turbines.
  • Information on the design of multi-housing steam turbine sets can be found, for example, in EP 0 213 297 B1, relating specifically to connecting means between the housings of a turbo set.
  • General information on the implementation of steam power plants can be found in the "Handbook series energy", edited by Thomas Bohn, Technical Publishing House Resch, Grafelfing, and publishing house TÜV-Rhineland, Cologne - see in particular Volume 5, 1985, "Concept and construction of steam power plants”.
  • a condenser for the water-steam cycle of a power plant is described in DE 37 17 521 AI.
  • the invention is based on the task of specifying the most efficient and gentle cooling of a steam turbine in ventilation mode.
  • the method according to the invention for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation operation which low-pressure steam turbine has a shut-off inlet through which steam can be fed for power operation and which is shut off in ventilation operation, an outlet which is connected to a condenser for con Densation of the steam communicates to condensate, and has a tap between the inlet and the outlet, to which a tap line for discharging steam and / or condensate to a preheater during power operation is characterized by the fact that a Steam transfer of the tap line, and thus the tapping, steam is supplied.
  • the steam introduced into the low-pressure steam turbine at the tap advantageously carries a certain proportion of finely divided condensate drops with it, since such condensate drops evaporate in the low-pressure steam turbine and can absorb considerable amounts of heat.
  • a steam-condensate mixture can be obtained directly by removing the steam to be fed to the low-pressure steam turbine at a suitable point in the thermal power plant, by expanding the steam on the way to the tap or by providing the steam with condensate.
  • the inlet of the low-pressure turbine to be cooled according to the invention immediately has a shut-off device.
  • the inlet of the low-pressure turbine can also be shut off by connecting a medium-pressure turbine upstream of the low-pressure turbine and communicating with it. Turbine or high-pressure turbine is shut off (and accordingly also ventilated).
  • the turbine to be cooled according to the invention can also have several
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the cooling steam or the cooling steam-condensate mixture of the turbine is not supplied at the inlet or at the outlet, but at a tap. In this way, the cooling in the turbine comes especially at the radially outer ends of the
  • the cooling effect is thus largely restricted to the areas of the turbine where it is desired; cooling of other components of the turbine, which is generally undesirable for the reasons mentioned, is avoided.
  • Turbines are guided vertically downwards. If a mixture of steam and condensate is added to such a tap line, only steam and sufficiently small condensate drops carried by the steam reach the turbine. Larger drops and condensate, which is deposited on the walls of the tap line, are carried downwards and do not reach the turbine. Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide special drainage devices in the turbine cooled according to the invention with a tap line which is guided approximately vertically downwards, with which the condensate originating from the large drops and which hardly evaporates would have to be removed from the turbine.
  • condensate it is always particularly favorable to additionally supply condensate to the tap line in addition to the steam, in particular by injecting condensate into the steam line and / or into the bleed line through a condensate line. It is particularly advantageous to mix the condensate with the steam in an atomizer nozzle and out of this atomizer nozzle inject into the tap line. Condensate distributed in fine droplets - a droplet diameter smaller than about 0.1 mm is desirable - has a particularly high cooling effect due to the evaporation taking place in the turbine to be cooled while absorbing heat.
  • Condensate for delivery into the tap line is advantageously branched off from the main condensate line behind a condensate pump that conveys the condensate; in this way it is possible to dispense with a special conveying device for the condensate to be used in the context of the invention.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly advantageously controlled in such a way that in the ventilating, low-pressure turbine cooled according to the invention, a temperature is measured between the tapping and the outlet at a measuring point and, depending on this temperature, the delivery of the steam or the delivery of the steam-condensate mixture is regulated to the tap line.
  • the delivery of steam or steam and condensate to the tap line is limited within the scope of the invention so that a steam flow is generated in the low-pressure turbine which corresponds to a proportion of the order of about 1% of the steam flow during power operation.
  • a steam flow of this magnitude enables the turbine to be cooled to a sufficient extent, but does not do so much work that the speed control of the turboset, of which the cooled turbine is a component, could be impaired.
  • the steam used for cooling the low-pressure steam turbine (which advantageously contains a certain proportion of finely divided condensate drops) can be found in a condensate container, which is already provided in steam power plants and is used for collecting, heating and degassing the condensate.
  • Heating steam of this type is generally to be supplied for the purpose of degassing the condensate; As a result, the thermodynamic conditions in the condensate container are always kept very constant.
  • the condensate container therefore represents a preferred reservoir for steam which can be used according to the invention, since the steam removed from the steam chamber of the condensate container is always replaced immediately by the condensate being evaporated, with no significant changes in the thermodynamic conditions due to the small amounts of steam required according to the invention enter the condensate tank. Steam from the condensate container is saturated due to the coexistence of steam and condensate, possibly even with finely divided condensate, and is therefore particularly suitable for use in the context of the invention.
  • a steam discharge line through which the steam is conducted around the low-pressure turbine during ventilation operation.
  • a steam discharge leads, for example, the steam from a high-pressure steam turbine upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine or an arrangement of a high-pressure steam turbine and a medium-pressure steam turbine around the low-pressure steam turbine to a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and condensed.
  • a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and condensed.
  • the steam removed from a point of the steam-condensate circuit upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine usually has a sufficiently high intrinsic pressure and can therefore be supplied to the tap line without the need for special pumps or the like.
  • Steam that is under sufficiently high pressure can also be converted into a steam-condensate mixture by expansion, which is particularly favorable for the cooling of the low-pressure steam turbine according to the invention.
  • the further explanation of the invention takes place on the basis of the exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing.
  • the only figure shows a section of a thermal power plant in which a working fluid, especially water, is guided in a closed cycle.
  • the circuit comprises a high-pressure steam turbine 17, a low-pressure steam turbine 1, a condenser 5, a preheater 7 and a condensate tank 8; other components of the circuit, for example a boiler, are not shown.
  • a single high-pressure steam turbine 17 is shown; Of course, the invention can also be used in circuits in which there are three or more turbine housings, or in which a turbine is not single-flow as shown, but is double-flow.
  • the representation of a single preheater 7 is also not intended to preclude the applicability of the invention to circuits in which a plurality of preheaters 7 are provided.
  • the components of the circuit shown are interconnected by steam connecting lines 18 or main condensate lines 9.
  • a condensate pump 15 is inserted into the main condensate line 9. This condensate pump 15 is also shown as representative of a possibly existing plurality of such condensate pumps 15
  • the heating heat exchanger 21 symbolizes a large number of possibilities for using the steam that flows out of the high-pressure steam turbine 17.
  • the steam supplied to the heat exchanger 21 is condensed therein and flows back as condensate via a condensate return line 22 to the main condensate line 9 before the preheater 7.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 1 should be rigidly coupled to the high-pressure steam turbine 17 so that the rotors of both steam turbines 1 and 17 run synchronously.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 1 rotates at idle speed; since there is a static pressure in this low-pressure steam turbine 1 which corresponds to the pressure of the steam in the condenser 5, friction occurs.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is supplied with steam at an inlet 2, and the expanded steam leaves the
  • Low-pressure steam turbine 1 at an outlet 3 to the condenser 5. To discharge condensate, which is released in the low-pressure steam turbine 1 during power operation by relaxing the
  • a tap 4 is provided between inlet 2 and outlet 3, where a tap 6 is connected.
  • the tap 6 leads from the tapping 4 to the preheater 7, where the tapped working medium is used to preheat the condensate from the condenser 5.
  • the condensate flows through the main condensate line 9 to a condensate container 8 (which is sometimes also referred to as a "degasser").
  • the condensate is heated by means of steam which is introduced into the condensate through a heating steam line 10 below the condensate level 26. This heating is used. a. to, from the condensate gases such. B. remove oxygen.
  • the condensate level 26 there is a steam space 11 filled with steam in the condensate container 8. Steam is removed from this steam space 11 and fed to the dispensing line 6 through a steam transfer line 12. Furthermore, the tap line 6 flows in through a condensate transfer line 13; Steam and condensate are injected together into the nozzle 6 through a schematically indicated atomizer nozzle 14. A mixture of steam and fine condensate drops is formed in the nozzle 6, which flows into the low-pressure steam turbine 1 for the purpose of cooling at the tap 4.
  • the condensate transfer line 13 opens behind the condensate pump 15 into the main condensate line 9. It is not necessary to supply the condensate and steam to the tap line 6 through a single atomizing nozzle 14; Steam and condensate can also be delivered to the tap 6 independently of one another. To limit the steam flow in the low-pressure turbine, the
  • Steam transfer line 12 may have a critical aperture be provided.
  • a measuring point 16 is provided in this between the tap 4 and the outlet 3, at which a temperature measurement is carried out; this temperature measurement is evaluated by means (not shown, known per se) and fed via a control line 25 to a steam control valve 23 in the steam transfer line 12 or a condensate control valve 24 in the condensate transfer line 13.
  • the steam transfer line 12 and the condensate transfer line 13 do not necessarily have to be completely shut off during the power operation of the low-pressure steam turbine 1; A small flow of steam or condensate to the tap line 6 can be maintained via small bypass lines with which steam control valve 23 or condensate control valve 24 are bypassed, which leads to keeping the steam transfer line 12 and the condensate transfer line 13 and. U. can be advantageous.
  • a condensate container 8 is not available for the extraction of steam for feeding into the tap 4 of the low-pressure steam turbine 1, such steam can be supplied to a steam connecting line 18 between the high-pressure steam turbine 17 and the low-pressure steam turbine 1 or the steam discharge line 20, possibly even be removed from the heat exchanger 21; removal from a preheater (not shown) associated with the high-pressure steam turbine 17 is also conceivable. Since the high-pressure steam turbine 17 also operates in the ventilation mode of the low-pressure steam turbine 1 in the power mode, it can be assumed that the thermodynamic conditions in the high-pressure steam turbine 17 as well as in the auxiliary devices communicating directly with it are very stable that for integration into the invention system for cooling the ventilating low-pressure steam turbine 1 can be easily included.
  • the method according to the invention for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode is particularly energy-saving, since it largely uses available resources and avoids material stresses in that the cooling effect mainly affects only areas of the low-pressure steam turbine where it is used is desired.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour le refroidissement d'une turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) en mode ventilation. La turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) présente une admission (2) pouvant être fermée, par laquelle de la vapeur peut être délivrée en mode puissance et qui est fermée en mode ventilation, une sortie (3) communiquant avec un condenseur (5) pour condenser la vapeur sous forme de condensat ainsi qu'une prise (4) entre l'admission (2) et la sortie (3). Sur la prise (4) est raccordée une conduite de distribution (6) pour l'évacuation de la vapeur et/ou du condensat en mode puissance. Selon l'invention, de la vapeur est délivrée par une conduite de transfert de vapeur (12) de la conduite de distribution (6) pour refroidir la turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) en mode ventilation. Selon une solution avantageuse, du condensat est également dirigé vers la conduite de distribution (6). Selon l'invention, l'effet de refroidissement dans la turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) est largement limité aux éléments supportant une charge élevée en mode ventilation, et on prélève les milieux assurant le refroidissement de ressources qui sont de toute manière disponibles.
EP92909172A 1991-09-06 1992-05-07 Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation Expired - Lifetime EP0602040B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4129518A DE4129518A1 (de) 1991-09-06 1991-09-06 Kuehlung einer niederbruck-dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb
DE4129518 1991-09-06
PCT/DE1992/000373 WO1993005276A1 (fr) 1991-09-06 1992-05-07 Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0602040A1 true EP0602040A1 (fr) 1994-06-22
EP0602040B1 EP0602040B1 (fr) 1995-03-01

Family

ID=6439917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92909172A Expired - Lifetime EP0602040B1 (fr) 1991-09-06 1992-05-07 Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5490386A (fr)
EP (1) EP0602040B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3093267B2 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ283638B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4129518A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2069997T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL169627B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2085751C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA27766C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993005276A1 (fr)

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WO1998013587A1 (fr) 1996-09-26 1998-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine a vapeur avec condensateur et procede pour refroidir une turbine a vapeur en mode ventilatoire
WO1998014692A1 (fr) 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine a vapeur et procede pour le refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur fonctionnant en mode ventilation

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998013587A1 (fr) 1996-09-26 1998-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine a vapeur avec condensateur et procede pour refroidir une turbine a vapeur en mode ventilatoire
WO1998014692A1 (fr) 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine a vapeur et procede pour le refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur fonctionnant en mode ventilation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59201560D1 (de) 1995-04-06
ES2069997T3 (es) 1995-05-16
CZ48894A3 (en) 1994-05-18
JPH06510347A (ja) 1994-11-17
US5490386A (en) 1996-02-13
CZ283638B6 (cs) 1998-05-13
WO1993005276A1 (fr) 1993-03-18
EP0602040B1 (fr) 1995-03-01
RU2085751C1 (ru) 1997-07-27
UA27766C2 (uk) 2000-10-16
JP3093267B2 (ja) 2000-10-03
PL169627B1 (pl) 1996-08-30
DE4129518A1 (de) 1993-03-11

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