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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
  • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D407/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages

Definitions

• the present invention provides compounds having antitumor activities.
• TAXOL® (paclitaxel) was first isolated from the stem bark of Western Yew, Taxus brevifolia Nut. (Taxaceae) and has the following structure (with the (C)2'-, 6-, 7-, and 13th-positions indicated): It was recently approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer; and studies involving breast, colon, and lung cancers have shown promising results. See: D.K., and Donehower, R.C. Ann. Int. Med., 1989, 111, p 273.
• Paclitaxel is unique among antimitotic drugs in that it promotes the assembly of stable microtubules from tubulin even under otherwise unfavorable conditions.
• the drug binds to microtubules, stabilizing them from depolymerization, thus disrupting the tubulin-microtubule equilibrium and consequently inhibiting mitosis.
• the mechanism of action, toxicology, clinical efficacy, etc. of paclitaxel are reviewed in a number of articles, such as in the article by Rowinsky et al. in Taxol : A Novel Investigational Antimicrotubule Agent , J. Natl. Cancer Inst ., 82 : pp 1247-1259 (1990).
• Taxotere® of the formula See, Biologically Active Taxol Analogues with Deleted A-Ring Side Chain Substitutents and Variable C-2' Configurations , J. Med. Chem. , 34 , pp 1176-1184 (1991); Relationships between the Structure of Taxol Analogues and Their Antimitotic Activity , J. Med. Chem. , 34 , pp 992-998 (1991).
• EP O 253 738 discloses paclitaxel derivatives having a hydroxy substituent in 7-position.
• WO 94/29288 describes ⁇ 6 ' 7 -paclitaxel derivatives, for instance and the intermediate compound 7-deoxy- ⁇ 6 ' 7 -baccatin III.
• the present invention relates to structurally novel paclitaxel derivatives with antitumor activities.
• the present invention provides paclitaxel derivatives of formula I in which
• compositions are also provided by this invention.
• a method for preparing pharmaceutical formulations for treating mammalian tumors with a compound of formula I are also provided by this invention.
• the present invention provides paclitaxel derivatives of formula I in which
• C 1-6 alkyl refers to straight and branched chain alkyl groups with one to six carbon atoms and such groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylpentyl, or the like alkyl groups;
• C 2-6 alkenyl refers to straight or branched alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, methallyl, 1,1-dimethylallyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, or the like groups;
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenty
• heteroaryl examples include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiatriazolyl, oxatriazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, and like rings.
• Azetidinone refers to azetidin-2-one. In the instant application all symbols once defined retain the same meaning until they are redefined.
• compound of formula Ia can be made by a process of Scheme I.
• compound of formula IIa when compound of formula IIa is treated with DAST, compound of formula IIIa can be obtained.
• the DAST reaction can be conducted in a wide variety of solvents, including methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, toluene, and any combination thereof.
• compounds of formula IVa and Va may be obtained as side products in the DAST reaction. It has been observed that the highest ratio of compound IIIa to compound IVa or Va is obtained when the reaction is run in a mixture of THF and diethyl ether. Upon removal of Cbz group from compound of formula IIIa, compound of formula Ia is obtained.
• hydroxy protecting groups are moieties which can be employed to block or protect the hydroxy function and they are well known to those skilled in the art.
• said groups are those which can be removed by methods which result in no appreciable destruction to the remaining portion of the molecule.
• Examples of such readily removable hydroxy protecting groups include chloroacetyl, methoxymethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyoxymethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, t-butyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, diphenylmethyl, triC 1-6 alkylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, and the like.
• Preferred protecting groups for the 2'-hydroxy group of paclitaxel and a derivative thereof are 1-ethoxyethyl, triethylsilyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl and benzyloxycarbonyl; even more preferred group is benzyloxycarbonyl, which can be removed conveniently by catalytic hydrogenolysis.
• Other suitable protecting groups which can be used are found in Chapter 2 of "Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis", Second Ed., by Theodora W. Greene and Peter G.M. Wuts (1991, John Wiley & Sons); the disclosure thereof is herein incorporated by reference.
• a compound of formula II can be reacted with DAST as in Step (a) of Scheme I to afford a compound of formula III.
• Scheme III As used herein, R j is -OCOR, H, -OR, -OR 3 , -OSO 2 R, -OCONR°R, -OCONHR, -OCOO(CH 2 ) t R, or -OCOOR. Upon removal of hydroxy protecting group(s) R 3 , a compound of formula I 2 is obtained.
• azetidinone VII is reacted with a compound of formula X (a baccatin III derivative), in which R 4 is a hydroxy protecting group.
• R 4 is a hydroxy protecting group.
• the general class of azetidinones of formula VII are well known.
• the metal cation of said metal alkoxide is preferably selected from Group Ia or IIa metals.
• the formation of a desired metal alkoxide may be done by reacting a compound of formula II with a strong metal base, such as lithium diisopropylamide, C 1-6 alkyllithium, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, phenyllithium, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium hydride, or the like base.
• a compound of formula II may be reacted with n-butyllithium in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
• a compound of formula X is either known in the art or can be readily obtained by known processes, with or without minor modifications.
• a compound of formula X in which R 4 is triethylsilyl and R j is acetyloxy is reported in U.S. Patent No. 4,924,011, issued to Denis et al on May 8, 1990.
• R m is -OR, -OCOR, -OSO 2 R, -OCONR°R, -OCONHR, -OCOO(CH 2 ) t R, or -OCOOR.
• a base is normally required in the process of Scheme V to initially deprotonate a proton from C-10 hydroxy group.
• a particularly useful base for Step (a) is a strong base such as C 1-6 alkyllithium, lithium bis(trimethylsily)amide, or the like base used in about 1.1 equivalent amount.
• the deprotonation by base is preferably conducted in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, at low temperature, usually in the range from -40° to 0°C.
• a compound of formula I 3 can be made by reacting a compound of formula XIII with osmium tetraoxide and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) followed by the removal of hydroxy protecting group R 3 from a compound of formula XII.
• NMO 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
• NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
• the nature of the shifts as to multiplicity is reported as broad singlet (bs), broad doublet (bd), broad triplet (bt), broad quartet (bq), singlet (s), multiplet (m), doublet (d), quartet (q), triplet (t), doublet of doublet (dd), doublet of triplet (dt), and doublet of quartet (dq).
• the solvents employed for taking NMR spectra are DMSO-d 6 (perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide), D 2 O (deuterated water), CDCl 3 (deuterochloroform) and other conventional deuterated solvents.
• the infrared (IR) spectral description include only absorption wave numbers (cm -1 ) having functional group identification value.
• Celite is a registered trademark of the Johns-Manville Products Corporation for diatomaceous earth.
• the organic layer was washed successively with aqueous NH 4 Cl (sat) (150 mL, 100 mL), aqueous NaHCO 3 (saturated) (120 mL) and brine (120 mL).
• aqueous NH 4 Cl (sat) 150 mL, 100 mL
• aqueous NaHCO 3 saturated
• brine 120 mL
• the title compound can be isolated at this stage by drying the organic phase over MgSO 4 , filtering, and removing the solvent in vacuo. This provided the desired product in quantitative crude yield as a red glass.
• the organic layer was washed with 10% HCl (300 mL) and both layers filtered through a sintered glass funnel to remove the white precipitate (dibenzylamine ⁇ HCl) which was rinsed with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The phases were separated and the organic layer was washed with another portion of 10% HCl (200 mL). The combined 10% HCl washes were re-extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with aqueous NaHCO 3 (saturated) (300 mL) and brine (250 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a final volume of 75 mL.
• Example 13 The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 12 except that the product was isolated by preparative TLC and the reaction was performed on the 2.7 mmol scale based on the original amount of hydrofuramide.
• the crude product of Example 13 (1.00 g) was re-dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and added to 10% palladium on activated charcoal (150 mg).
• Purification of the crude solid by preparative TLC (2 mm silica gel, eluted with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexane) gave 386 mg (65.8% corrected overall yield from hydrofuramide) of the title compound as a yellow solid. This was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane.
• the title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 11 except that hydrothienamide was used instead of hydrobenzamide.
• hydrothienamide (30 g, 94.7 mmol), thiethylamine (15.84 mL, 114 mmol) and acetoxyacetyl chloride (11.6 mL, 108 mmol) provided the title compound as viscous oil.
• the product obtained contained a mixture of diastereomers.
• Acetoxy lactam XVb (3.78 g, 19.4 mmol) in 60 mL of methanol was stirred with K 2 CO 3 (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) for 90 min and the solution neutralized with Dowex 50W-X8 and filtered.
• the filtrate was concentrated and the residue dissolved in 80 mL of anhydrous THF and stirred at 0°C with imidazole (1.44 g, 21.2 mmol) and TESCl (triethylsilylchloride 3.4 mL, 20.2 mmol) for 30 min.
• the solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated.
• Azetidinone XVIa (2.05 g, 7.7 mmol) in 30 mL of dichloromethane was stirred at 0°C with diisopropylethyl amine (1.5 mL, 8.6 mmol) and di-t-butyl dicarbonate (2.0 g, 9.2 mmol) in addition to a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).
• DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
• Acetoxy lactam XVc (2.0 g, 9.37 mmol) in 40 mL of methanol was stirred with K 2 CO 3 (60 mg, 0.43 mmol) for 30 min and the solution neutralized with Dowex 50W-X8 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous THF and stirred at 0°C with imidazole (0.85 g, 11.3 mmol) and TESCl (1.9 mL, 12.5 mmol) for 30 min. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel (eluted with 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) to give 2.13g (Y: 86%) of the title product as a colorless oil.
• mice Balb/c x DBA/2 F 1 hybrid mice were implanted intraperitoneally, as described by William Rose in Evaluation of Madison 109 Lung Carcinoma as a Model for Screening Antitumor Drugs , Cancer Treatment Reports , 65 , No. 3-4 (1981), with 0.5 mL of a 2% (w/v) brei of M109 lung carcinoma.
• mice were treated with compound under study by receiving intraperitoneal injections of various doses on either days 1, 5 and 9 post-tumor implant or days 5 and 8 post-implant. Mice were followed daily for survival until approximately 75 - 90 days post-tumor implant. One group of mice per experiment remained untreated and served as the control group.
• the compounds of the instant invention have tumor inhibiting activities in mammals.
• another aspect of the instant invention concerns with a method for inhibiting mammalian tumors sensitive to a compound of formula I.
• compositions containing a compound of formula I in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, inert or physiologically active, carriers, excipients, diluents or adjuvants.
• pharmaceutically acceptable, inert or physiologically active, carriers, excipients, diluents or adjuvants are described in numerous literatures, for example in United States Patents Nos. 4,960,790 and 4,814,470, and such examples may be followed to formulate the compounds of this invention.
• the new compounds are administrable in the form of tablets, pills, powder mixtures, capsules, injectables, solutions, suppositories, emulsions, dispersions, food premix, and in other suitable forms.
• the pharmaceutical preparation which contains the compound is conveniently admixed with a nontoxic pharmaceutical organic carrier or a nontoxic pharmaceutical inorganic carrier, usually about 0.01 mg up to 2500 mg, or higher per dosage unit, preferably 50-500 mg.
• a nontoxic pharmaceutical organic carrier or a nontoxic pharmaceutical inorganic carrier usually about 0.01 mg up to 2500 mg, or higher per dosage unit, preferably 50-500 mg.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are, for example, manitol, urea, dextrans, lactose, potato and maize starches, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oils, polyalkylene glycols, ethyl cellulose, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), calcium carbonate, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, benzyl benzoate, sodium carbonate, gelatin, potassium carbonate, silicic acid, and other conventionally employed acceptable carriers.
• the pharmaceutical preparation may also contain nontoxic auxiliary substances such as emulsifying, preserving, wetting agents, and the like as for example, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and the like.
• auxiliary substances such as emulsifying, preserving, wetting agents, and the like as for example, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and the like.
• the compounds of the invention can also be freeze dried and, if desired, combined with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to prepare formulations suitable for parenteral, injectable administration.
• the formulation can be reconstituted in water (normal, saline), or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, such as propylene glycol, ethanol, and the like.
• the compounds of present invention can be used as paclitaxel for treating mammalian tumors.
• the mode, dosage and schedule of administration of paclitaxel in human cancer patients have been extensively studied. See, for example Ann. Int. Med. , 111 , pp 273-279 (1989).
• the dose to be administered whether a single dose, multiple dose, or a daily dose, will of course vary with the particular compound employed because of the varying potency of the compound, the chosen route of administration, the size of the recipient and the nature of the patient's condition.
• the dosage to be administered is not subject to definite bounds, but it will usually be an effective amount, or the equivalent on a molar basis of the pharmacologically active free form produced from a dosage formulation upon the metabolic release of the active drug to achieve its desired pharmacological and physiological effects.
• the dosage to be administered will be generally in the range of 0.8 to 8 mg/kg of body weight or about 50-275 mg/m 2 of the patient.
• An oncologist skilled in the art of cancer treatment will be able to ascertain, without undue experimentation, appropriate protocols for effective administration of the compounds of this present invention such as by referring to the earlier studies of paclitaxel and its derivatives.

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