EP0583294B1 - Building brick for receiving supply pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a building brick made of known building material such as burnt clay (brick), porous concrete, calcareous sandstone, concrete, etc., the face of which is characterized by the fact that it has a large, asymmetrically positioned hole (holes) with front perforation. Manufactured in standard dimensions, such special building bricks can be bonded (interlocked). The actual aim is achieved by virtue of the fact that after a storey-height wall is constructed with bonded bricks, the brick covering on the face can be removed (hammered out), if necessary, forming an exactly vertical, floor-height wall chase in which house service lines can be incorporated. The invention also concerns a building steel cramp which matches the special shape and size of the wall chase so obtained and can be used to fasten the house service lines in said wall chase.

Description

The invention relates to a brick according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

A brick is known from FR-A-2 142 915, the hollow interior of which is divided by transverse walls perpendicular to its front wall. The entire front wall is connected to the transverse walls and to the two outer walls of the brick via weakening slots. If you need a pipe intake duct in a wall, the front walls of stones lying one above the other and one or more of the partitions are separated before bricking, so that a pipe intake duct can then be bricked up. If, however, it was forgotten during the brickwork to form a line receiving channel at a designated location, a slot can only be made subsequently in the usual way be struck to form a line receiving duct. In addition, when the known bricks have been prepared to form a conduit receiving channel, that is, their front walls have been removed and the bricks have been bricked up in association with "normal" bricks, a cavity is formed in every second row of walls on both sides of the conduit receiving channel, which are mortared before plastering got to.

A similar brick is known from DE-U-8 424 667. A slot must be made in this brick to form a cable duct.

From GB-A-467 054 a brick of the type mentioned is known. This brick is provided with a conduit receiving channel that is open towards the front wall, so that it has to be bricked up as a special stone where the lines are later to be located. However, if the cable duct has been forgotten or a (further) cable duct is required at another location, a slot must be made in the usual manner in the wall made of "normal" bricks. Furthermore, it is not possible to form channels with the known brick which only have openings to the front wall of the brick, ie into the interior, at certain height sections, as is required, for example, for the production of ventilation channels.

The invention has for its object to develop a brick of the type mentioned in such a way that a more versatile usability is ensured with easy handling.

This object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Because the line receiving duct section of each brick is initially closed, where it is desired to line-up conduit intake channels "in stock" without this interrupting the wall surfaces. These initially closed duct intake ducts can then either be opened completely (e.g. for installing rigid ducts) or only partially if you want to pull in flexible ducts or simply use the duct intake duct as a ventilation duct. It is also possible to use the bricks to build up lost formwork for (reinforced) concrete columns.

As a result of the asymmetrical attachment of the cable intake ducts, the brick can be bricked (interlocked) in accordance with the relevant DIN 18330 here, since the masonry dimension provided for in the standard can be observed.

These can be standard stones with one or two holes or chambers, which can be easily bricked up in a bond when rotated through 180 °.

As a result, the one or two holes of the brick come one on top of the other, the cables can be easily inserted after opening a weakened wall.

The cross-section (two holes) in the case of masonry stones of 49 x 36.5 cm (standard) is preferably 41%.

With 36.5 x 36.5 cm bricks (standard stone), the proportion of holes in the cross-section (one hole) is expediently 36%.

The wall stones expediently have removable stone covers.

With external wall stones of 49 x 36.5 cm, the holes can have dimensions of 24 x 15.25 cm each with two holes per stone; for 36.5 x 36.5 cm standard stones with one hole per stone, the holes can have the dimensions of 20 x 24.

It is favorable if the bricks at a distance of, for example, 5 cm from the rear perforation (located towards the outside) have ribs projecting from the inside to accommodate heat and / or sound insulation. This can be styrofoam and / or Styrodur insulation.

For easier knocking out, it is possible to perforate the part of the hole on the cover side.

It is important that large holes are created without the stone being excessively weakened.

A brick is expediently provided with a structural steel bracket for fastening sanitary pipes, which can be laid flush with the rear perforation in the mortar bed is. The bracket is used so that when the floor-to-ceiling wall slot is created later, all cables leading up to the building services can be attached to these brackets.

Due to the measures according to the invention, including the asymmetry of the holes, these special bricks, called house technology combination, can be bricked in the bond, if it is taken into account that with every second horizontal brick layer this HT combination brick is bricked by 180 °, and the holes, which then lie exactly vertically one above the other, can later be used as a wall slot for cable routing for building services.

The structural steel bracket can be installed at intervals of approx. 1 m per given shape. The brick can also be laid as formwork for the casting of reinforced concrete pillars.

Fig. 1

einen Mauerstein mit zwei Löchern in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

einen Mauerstein mit einem Loch in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

einen Mauerstein in Parallelperspektive mit eingesetzter Wärmeisolierung,

Fig. 4

Beispiele für Mauersteinverlegungen asymmetrisch gelochter Steine im Verband bei verschiedener Steinhöhe,

Fig. 5a bis 5d

asymmetrische Loch-/Schlitzmauersteine in Form von Außenwandsteinen mit Isolierung,

Fig. 5e bis 5m

als asymmetrische Loch-/Schlitzmauersteine für Innenwände der jeweils angegebenen Abmessungen und

Fig. 6a

einen Baustahlbügel in Zuordnung zu zwei Lochsteinen sowie

Fig. 6b

einen Baustahlbügel unter Verwendung von Ein-Lochsteinen.

For example, embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show in

Fig. 1

a brick with two holes in the top view,

Fig. 2

a brick with a hole in the top view,

Fig. 3

a brick in a parallel perspective with inserted thermal insulation,

Fig. 4

Examples of masonry laying asymmetrically perforated stones in the bond at different stone heights,

5a to 5d

asymmetrical perforated / slotted wall stones in the form of outer wall stones with insulation,

5e to 5m

as asymmetrical perforated / slotted wall bricks for inner walls of the specified dimensions and

Fig. 6a

a structural steel bracket in association with two perforated bricks as well

Fig. 6b

a structural steel bracket using one-hole bricks.

Also important in this invention is the dimensioning that is otherwise in the background for patent applications. Not all dimensions are included in the text. The dimensions according to the entry form the subject of the invention.

In Fig. 1 you can see in the top view an otherwise commercially available brick 1 with a mortar pocket 2, which carries two holes. In one there is a Styrofoam / Styrodur insulation 4, held by a projecting stone nose 5. In area 3 perforations, notches or weaknesses are provided so that the front part of one or both stones can be hammered in as a cover. Then the bricking is possible. With the same wall thickness of 36.5 (outer wall), FIG. 1 is a long stone (49 cm), and FIG. 2 is a practically square stone.

Here is a brick with a single hole provided in the same training as above. 1 is 41%, in the brick of FIG. 2 the hole is 36%, in each case based on the cross section. Details are given in Fig. 3, where the vertical perforations 7 (corresponding to the notches 3 of the aforementioned type) can be seen more clearly. The stone cover 6, which can be knocked in, can also be seen.

You can clearly see the heat and sound insulation that can be inserted behind the rib.

4 shows masonry, once with a high stone (23.8 cm) and once with a low stone (11.3 cm). It can be seen that the possibility of brickwork in the compound (the stone is turned through 180 °, see at 8) provides a continuous brickwork.

Dimensional examples, for example for making the holes to size, are shown in FIG. 5, here on the left for two holes, on the right for one hole, again in plan view. It can be seen where it is no longer external stones that insulation is not necessary, but on the other hand, for example in the bottom two representations, you can see how large, namely larger than the above, the proportion of holes in the stone. In the lowest stone, for example, the outer circumference of the stone is 36.5 x 10 cm, while the hole is already 20 x 6 cm.

Fig. 6 finally shows a structural steel bracket 9, which can be installed flush with the rear hole finish in the mortar bed with two offsets for fastening sanitary pipes. This means that there is a possibility of hooking or fastening in the area of the hole. On the left in Fig. 6 you can see the double offset and the flush design of the bracket (each parallel to the rear perforated walls), in the right part of the figure you can see the bracket with respect to the one hole, which covers a large part of the rear perforated wall. Due to the bevel opposite the corners of the hollow block, there are further fastening options.

According to a further development of the invention, the structural steel bracket can also be embedded in the stone, it only has to be made of a material that can withstand the firing temperatures.

The invention lies in the field of application of DIN 18330 - masonry - and relates to an asymmetrically arranged perforated brick, which, as shown in Fig. 4, number 8, can be bricked up in a bond (interlocking) and thus incorporated into the adjacent masonry is. The illustration in section 8 also shows that in every second panel (horizontal brick layer) this asymmetrical HT combi brick must be turned through 180 °, which on the one hand is used as a brick wall and on the other hand the intended vertical (vertical) hole or Slot guide is reached floor high.

This already addresses the purpose of this invention, which consists in the fact that for the installation of building services lines (HT = house technology), such as sanitary lines (downpipes for sewage pipes, cold and hot water pipes, etc., heating distribution lines, electrical lines, ventilation lines, etc.), wall slots are required at the intended place (work plan), which previously either had to be broken out of the existing masonry or had to be cut out in a time-consuming process during the construction of the masonry using different-sized stones in certain sizes.

The HT combi brick, as shown in Fig. 3, number 7 (parallel perspective), has a vertical perforation on the room side on both sides of the large hole delimitation behind it for the purpose that after completion of the masonry and if a slit is required these stone covers can be knocked out with a light hammer blow according to number 6. However, if a slot is no longer required or is required at this point, this area can be safely plastered or the like. be covered. If a ventilation duct (exhaust air or supply air) is required, only one such stone cover is knocked out at a suitable point.

The HT combi brick can be made in various standard sizes, as shown in Fig. 5. Stone sizes for wall thicknesses of 36.5 cm for outer walls up to the non-load-bearing inner wall thickness of 10 cm were selected.

For all these listed and illustrated stone sizes, two different stone lengths of 49 cm and 36.5 cm are provided, which can be inserted into any standardized wall structure. As shown in Fig. 4, number 8, the HT combi bricks can be made at any height, but must correspond to a standardized stone dimension. In the drawing, the brick heights are 23.8 cm and 11.3 cm (standard size) and should initially only go into production with these height dimensions.

The HT combi brick can be made from various materials known in the construction sector, such as fired clay (brick), for example as perforated brick, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or either thermally insulated brick, such as Poroton, Unipor or the like, or more normal , non-insulated perforated brick, solid brick, gas concrete, sand-lime brick, concrete etc.

The HT combi brick for outer walls differs from that for the load-bearing and non-load-bearing inner walls in that, as shown in Fig. 1, number 4, it is made of Styrofoam or Styrodur boards with a thickness of 5 cm before placing the next stone layer in the intended opening - this is limited in depth by projecting stone noses (see Fig. 1, number 5) - inserted in order to maintain the heat resistance in this area as much as possible. This requirement does not apply to all interior wall bricks.

The indentation in the brick shown in FIG. 1, number 3 is identical to number 7 in FIG. 3 and represents the perforation already described (delimitation of the respective large hole).

In Fig. 1, number 1, the surface is shown, which consists either of the standard honeycomb honeycomb structure or solid stone. In the same drawing, the usual mortar pocket is shown under number 2, which is only taken into account in the HT combi bricks provided for the outer walls, see Fig. 5.

In Fig. 6 under number 9 two types of structural steel brackets are shown, which are to be manufactured in the specified size and with a diameter of 6 mm and are to be inserted approximately at a height of 1 m into the mortar tape, flush with the rear perforation. The purpose of these brackets is to be seen in the fact that when the storey-high wall slot is created later, all cables leading up to the building services can be attached to these brackets.

The asymmetrical perforated / slotted brick shown in Fig. 1 has significant advantages over other known perforated bricks and possible uses to be mentioned below.

Since the stone has two separate holes, which are still closed at the front by a notched front cover, after removing the front cover it is also possible to install lines, e.g. faecal lines, which must have an inside diameter of 100 mm, the diameter of which at the connection points must be at least 120 to 140 mm. The second hole can then be used as a ventilation chimney due to the large hole cross-section (275 cm²!), Because in that case the front cover is not pushed away and therefore remains tight.

The thermal resistance is guaranteed by inserting preferably 5 cm thick insulation.

The following is an example of the above-mentioned case of using one or both chambers (holes) as formwork blocks for installing or pouring a reinforced concrete pillar stated: The large hole size of 275 cm² or 360 cm² (see Fig. 2) is of great advantage.

At the same time, the high thermal insulation thanks to 5 cm thick insulation.

This also results in large or high sound insulation.

The front cover, which is only removed if necessary, remains tight.

Cables can be attached by inserting structural steel brackets. 6a shows a structural steel bracket which is provided for the use of two perforated bricks - as shown in FIGS. 5a, c, e, g, j and l - and is intended to be used for fastening various lines. This structural steel bracket, for example 6 mm round steel, offers a good fastening option for cables if it is placed in the mortar bed of every third to fifth tile group (row of tiles).

In contrast, FIG. 6b shows a structural steel bracket, as mentioned under FIG. 6a, but for use with single-hole stones such as FIGS. 5b, d, f, h, k and m.

Claims (9)

1. Brick with a front wall (20), an upper surface (11) and a lower surface (12) as well as at least one line receptacle channel (13,13') running between the upper and lower surfaces (11,12) with side walls (14 - 17), which is positioned much closer to a first outside side surface (18) than to an opposite second outside side surface (19) of the brick (1) in such a manner that the line receptacle channels (13,13') are positioned asymmetrically to a vertical mid-plane which is perpendicular to the front wall (20), so that when the bricks are engaged together all the line receptacle channels (13,13') of the bricks (1) which are on top of each other are aligned when the bricks (1) of one group (22) are turned 180° to the next group (23), whereby each line receptacle channel (13,13') is enclosed on all sides by the channel side walls (14 - 17) and whereby one of the channel side walls (14,14') is flush with the front wall (20) of the brick (1) on the outside and is connected to it in the area of notches (3,7) thus forming a removable lid, distinguished by the characteristic that, the notches (3,7) in front wall (20) are conceived in such a manner that, after the bricks are layed and after the lids which are placed above each other have been broken out thereafter the line receptacle channel (13,13') is open.
2. Brick according to claim 1
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that with a brick dimension of 49 x 36.5 cm for forming an outside wall brick, two line receptacle channels (13,13') next to each other with dimensions of 24 x 15.5 cm are formed.
3. Brick according to claim 1,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that with a dimension of 36.5 x 36.5 cm for forming an outside wall brick, a line receptacle channel (13) with a dimension of 24 x 20 cm is provided.
4. Brick according to one of the aforesaid claims,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that corrugations (5) which project into the inside of the line receptacle channel (13,13') are provided in order to accommodate thermal and/or sound insulation (4).
5. Brick according to one of the aforesaid claims,.
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that with a brick which is sized 49 x 36.5 cm, the cross sections of the line receptacle channels (13,13') covers 41% of the total cross section of the brick.
6. Brick according to claim 1,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that with a brick which is sized 36.5 x 36.5 cm, the cross section of the line receptacle channel (13) covers 36% of the total cross section of the brick.
7. Brick according to one of the aforesaid claims,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that a steel reinforcement stirrup (9) to which sanitation lines can be connected is provided.
8. Brick according to one of the aforesaid claims,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that the steel reinforcement stirrup (9) can be laid in the mortar base.
9. Brick according to claim 7,
   distinguished by the characteristic
   that the steel reinforcement stirrup (9) is embedded in the brick.

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