EP1617001A2 - Heat insulation system for an exterior cavity wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal insulation (11,12) for external cavity walls at buildings, with at least one insulating layer between the shells and with or without back ventilation, is laid as a web and/or plate with a width (B) along its length which matches the gap between the anchors (8) holding the inner (1) and outer shells together. The insulation is positioned and secured by a clamped fit at the anchors. The insulation is of glass wool with a bulk density of 20-200 kg/m 3> and preferably 25-70 kg/m 3>, or it is a foam material.

Description

The invention relates to a thermal insulation system for clam shell exterior walls, as well as suitable insulation elements.

Corresponding thermal insulation systems are generally known (cf., DE 35 46 968 C2). These thermal insulation systems are used for clam shell exterior walls with at least one between the shells arranged insulation layer with and without ventilation and for a core insulation in masonry construction. In this case, wire anchors are used as fastening means, which are introduced into bearing joints of the mortared from blocks inner shells. These wire anchors are in this case correspondingly far beyond the outer surface of the inner shell, so that they can serve to hold the then by far superior outer shell, which is usually created as a facing masonry of facing bricks or clinker.

The thermal insulation is carried out by thermal insulation boards or thermal insulation webs, which are arranged in the space between the inner shell and outer shell. Here, the insulation elements are placed after creating the inner shell on the protruding wire anchors from the outside, which penetrate the insulation elements like a spit. Then the facing brickwork is created. In the case of a double-shell masonry with a static air layer, a distance between the insulation board and the facing brickwork specified by the planner is kept free ("without ventilation"). For a double-shell masonry with a moving air layer, additional ventilation openings are provided in the outer shell ("with rear ventilation"). In the case of a clam shell masonry with core insulation, however, the thermal element fills the gap between the outer shell and inner shell substantially completely, but for processing technical reasons in the case of core insulation still a minimum distance of 10 mm between the outside thermal insulation and inside veneer is kept free, but not is ventilated (see in total also DIN standard 1053).

Known dimensions of e.g. Heat insulation panels made of glass wool or rockwool for double-shell masonry and core insulation are approximately 1,200 mm x 625 mm. For attachment to the inner shell of these insulation boards are pegged attached to the protruding from the outer surface of the inner shell wire anchor so that so the wire anchors pierce the thermal insulation boards. Since in practice over the outer surface of the inner shell projecting wire anchors are often bent or bent slightly, it can often lead to an inaccurate alignment of the plugged and finally over the wire armature against the outer surface of the inner shell pressed thermal insulation panels when attaching the thermal insulation panels, which has the consequence that between the adjacent thermal insulation panels often remain joints that form thermal bridges. If one wanted to exclude these thermal bridges, then the remaining gaps would have to be additionally filled with insulating material, which brings about a further working process. For this reason, a two-layer attachment of thermal insulation panels is often preferred in order to avoid possible thermal bridges due to insufficient panel joints. This practice has proven itself, but is time consuming and costly.

The object of the invention is to provide a thermal insulation system for clam shell outer walls and a suitable insulation element, which avoids the occurrence of thermal bridges in the range of shocks between the insulation elements with a simple installation and that with a simple structure and ease of manufacture and handling of the insulation elements.

This object is achieved by the features contained in the characterizing part of claim 1, wherein expedient developments of the invention are characterized by the features contained in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the consideration that in a construction of a double-shell masonry according to DIN 1053 in consequence of the standardized stone construction dimensions, the stacked bearing joints have uniform distances in the vertical to each other. In the case of a stone measure of about 23.8 cm, this distance will be about 25 cm. This results between adjacent stacked rows of wire anchors, which are laid in the corresponding bearing joints, so to speak horizontal corridors, the due to the standardized stone dimensions always have an approximately equal vertical distance, here exemplarily 25 cm. The invention now uses these corridors by using according to the width of the corridors adapted insulation elements instead of matched to the wire anchor insulation elements, which are matched in width to the vertical spacing of adjacent superimposed rows of mounting anchors that the insulation elements in the corridors used and pressed on the outer surface of the inner shell between the wire anchors are held by clamping action. As a result, the insulating elements can be pressed without joints to neighboring insulating elements against the outer surface of the inner shell even with not rectilinear, but obliquely oriented or bent wire anchors, so that thermal bridges between adjacent insulation elements are reliably avoided. As a result, separate measures by filling any existing joints are unnecessary and it is sufficient, a single-layer arrangement of the insulation elements. In addition, the installation is very simple, because the insulation elements no longer skewered on the wire anchors, but only in the corridors must be used.

Conveniently, the insulating elements of the thermal insulation system with an over-dependent on its width oversize, preferably smaller than 15 mm provided, for example, with a width of 250 mm, preferably about 5 mm, which ensures a reliable joint-free bond between the insulation elements in a simple manner. In addition, this ensures a particularly good clamping action between the wire anchors. The strip-like insulation boards or insulation boards thus inserted between the wire anchors or in the corridors are thus securely fixed in position and held in relation to the inner shell. Because of this clamping characteristic, the over and next to each other arranged insulating elements complement each other to a closed structure without joints corresponding to a single-layer structure of an insulating layer. In addition, can be dispensed with additional fasteners, such as bonding, which brings significant installation and cost advantages.

Advantageously, the width of the insulating elements over the length of the Dämmelements an integer multiple of a Baurichtmaßes, in particular according to DIN 4172 according to the distance of the heightwise adjacent wire anchor in the inner shell, which is expediently assumed by the Baurichtmaß to DIN 4172 of 12.5 cm, so the width of the insulating elements 12.5 cm, 25 cm, 37.5 cm, 50 cm or 62.5 cm may be as an integer multiple of the height a stone layer additionally height of the mortar joint.

In the case that the insulating element is formed of glass wool, it is expedient to form the insulating element in a bulk density of 7 to 40 kg / m ³ , preferably 10 to 25 kg / m ³ . This gross density range allows easy handling on the construction site and guarantees a sufficient clamping effect in the event of a corresponding oversize. In the case of rock wool, the insulating element expediently has a bulk density in the range of 20 to 100 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 25 to 70 kg / m ³ . The setting of a clamping characteristic with insulating elements made of mineral wool is known in principle. For this purpose, these insulating elements have an increased binder content of about 6-7 wt .-% in glass wool and about 3.5 to 4% in rock wool. These insulating elements are often referred to as Klemmfilze and are of rigid construction, such that in particular a laying with a permanent air gap can be realized.

Conveniently, the insulating elements are hydrophobic, in particular completely hydrophobic, so that a perfect drainage of water is ensured.

In practical terms, the insulating elements are used in the case of insulating strips in lengths of 2,000 to 10,000 mm, e.g. in the form of a wound roll. In the case of a strip-shaped insulation board preferably lengths in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 mm are suitable.

In an expedient development of the invention in particular for foam insulation materials such as EPS, XPS, PUR, PE or the like or mineral wool with higher densities incisions or recesses are provided on at least one of the fastening anchors facing longitudinal surface of the Dämmelements, which are arranged at intervals to each other. The distance here indicates the lateral distance of the wire anchors in the inner shell, ie in this design of the insulating elements results in a mounting function, since the insulation elements are used as a "lost" template for the wire anchors, but what then means that the walling of the rear shell has to be done simultaneously with the attachment of the insulation, and the wire anchors to pass through the predetermined cuts or recesses ...

The insulation elements for use of the thermal insulation system are characterized by appropriate dimensioning of the width of the insulating elements in adaptation to the bearing joint spacing of the inner shell, so that the insulation elements between adjacent rows of outwardly over the inner shell projecting wire anchor can be set.

Advantageously, nonwoven carded insulating elements can be used in which at least one of the two main surfaces is provided with a cover layer of glass fiber fleece in particular.

Fig. 1

eine Schnittansicht eines zweischaligen Mauerwerks mit hinterlüfteter Luftschicht,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht eines zweischaligen Mauerwerks mit Kemdämmung,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform eines Wärmedämmsystems,

Fig. 4

eine Ausführungsform eines Dämmelements mit Ausnehmungen,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils eines Wärmedämmsystems der Erfindung mit Dämmelementen nach Fig. 4 sowie

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Wärmedämmsystems mit Dämmelementen nach Fig. 4.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing purely schematically. Show in it

Fig. 1

a sectional view of a two-shell masonry with ventilated air layer,

Fig. 2

a sectional view of a double-shell masonry with insulation,

Fig. 3

a perspective view of an embodiment of a thermal insulation system according to the invention,

Fig. 4

an embodiment of an insulating element with recesses,

Fig. 5

a schematic representation of a portion of a thermal insulation system of the invention with insulating elements of FIG. 4 and

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a thermal insulation system with insulation elements of FIG .. 4

Fig. 1 shows a clam shell masonry with air layer of an inner shell 1 and a distance set in front of outer shell 2 and a gap 3 between inner shell 1 and outer shell 2. The inner shell 1 is in the usual way by a masonry formed of superimposed mortared blocks 4, wherein between the blocks 4 corresponding, filled with mortar bearing joints are present, which are denoted by 5.

The outer shell 2 is formed of masonry and indeed from one another mortared clinker bricks 6. Again, the bearing joint is denoted by 5. In the bearing joints 5 of the inner shell 1 are designated 8 fastening anchors introduced, which are usually formed by wire anchors, such as one-piece rod-like anchor. About this wire anchor 8, the outer shell 2 is held against the inner shell 1 and fixed. Correspondingly, the wire anchors 8 fastened to the inner shell 1 extend into the bearing joints of the masonry of the outer shell 2. In the intermediate space 3 between the two shells is the thermal insulation, here formed from an insulating panel 9 made of mineral wool. To form the masonry, first the inner shell 1 is bricked up with the bricks 4, the wire anchors 8 being introduced into the joints. On the outwardly projecting wire armature 8, the thermal insulation panel 9 is then plugged in a conventional design, wherein the wire armature 8 penetrate the heat insulation plate like a spit. As a result, the thermal insulation panel 9 is fixed in position relative to the inner shell 1 and held. Finally, since FIG. 1 describes a double-shell masonry with an air layer, the outer shell 2 is set at a distance by mortaring the clinker bricks 6 one above the other. Here, the corresponding joints are height aligned with each other, so that the outwardly projecting wire anchor 8 are grouted with and about the outer shell 2 is fixed relative to the inner shell 1. The air layer of the masonry according to FIG. 1 is denoted by 10 and serves for rear ventilation. The air flow is symbolized by an arrow.

Fig. 2 shows a core insulation using a corresponding mineral wool plate 9, wherein in this figure the same reference numerals have been used for the same components. Obviously, the core insulation formed from a thermal insulation panel 9 made of mineral wool fills the space between the two shells 1 and 2 completely, although for processing technical reasons in the core insulation not shown in the drawing distance of about 1 cm between the outside thermal insulation and the inside outer shell or veneer 2 is kept free, which is generally not aerated. Again, the attachment of the insulation board 9 made of mineral wool merely by putting the insulation board on the previously introduced into the bearing joints of the inner shell 1 wire anchor 8, which act as Aufsteckspieße.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3, in which the inner shell is again denoted by 1, as in the case of Figures 1 and 2 corresponding wire anchors or fastening anchors 8 are introduced into superimposed joints of the masonry and are on the outer surface of the inner shell 1 accordingly far before, to form a composite with the facing shell or outer shell, not shown in Fig. 3. Here, too, the wire anchors are inserted into the bearing joints (as specified in DIN 1053). It can be seen in this executed according to DIN 1053 inner shell 1 per square meter statically required wire anchors in the vertical in evenly spaced rows, namely introduced into the evenly spaced bearing joints. Since the building blocks of the masonry, ie the inner shell 1 are in standard sizes, there is a uniform distance between the wire anchors of adjacent bearing joints in the stacked wire joints 8 inserted wire anchor 8 and so to speak a horizontal corridor whose height of 250 mm the standard stone size including bearing joint of the inner shell 1 corresponds. In the thermal insulation system according to the invention, the mounting of the insulation boards or insulation boards is no longer by plugging on the wire anchor 8, but the insulation elements are adjusted in width B the height spacing of adjacent stacked rows of introduced into the corresponding bearing joints 5 wire anchors 8, preferably with a Oversize of 5 mm. The insulating elements, which may be in the form of insulation boards 11 or insulation boards 12 are due to the adjusted or matched width dimension B press between the rows of stacked wire armature 8, so to speak placed in the corridors between the wire anchors and indeed introduced between the wire anchor 8 press , Due to the existing excess, the insulating elements 11, 12 fixed in this case by clamping action between the wire anchors 8 in their position and held against the inner shell 1. They only need to be inserted between the wire anchors 8 and pressed against the outer surface of the inner shell 1. Another assembly effort greater effort is unnecessary. As a result, the insulating elements 11, 12 are exactly joint-wise aligned and arranged one above the other, so that an oblique orientation or the like. Even at oblique from the outer surface of the inner shell 1 projecting wire anchors 8 is excluded. As a result, the joints between adjacent insulation elements 11, 12 are firmly closed, so that thermal bridges are avoided. As a result, it is sufficient that the insulation boards 11 or insulation boards 12 are laid in one layer. For the lowest layer between Perimeterdämmung and the first anchorage the unrolled roll can be tailored to this level in a simple manner and then the simple installation can be done as in the other roles between the anchor rows.

In the illustrated embodiment, ie at a standardized stone size of the stones 4 of 250 mm including the bearing joint of the inner shell 1, the insulating elements 11, 12 have a width of 255 mm under inclusion of an excess of 5 mm .. Thus, the insulation elements can be pressed between the wire anchors , are held there and form a thermal bridge-free composite also in the area of their joints. After mounting the insulation elements, the outer shell 2 can then be bricked up or set in the conventional manner, with or without ventilation.

The width of the insulating elements is aligned with the Baurichtmaß, which is 12.5 cm according to DIN 4172, i. the width is an integer multiple of the construction dimension (height of stone and mortar joint). In this case, preferred widths are 125 mm, 250 mm, 375 mm, 500 mm and 625 mm. Although only one insulating element is provided between adjacent rows of wire anchors arranged on top of each other with reference to the preferred embodiment described in FIG . Per corridor also several insulating elements are arranged one above the other.

For example, in the case of a corridor dimension B of 500 mm corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 3, it would thus be possible for two insulating elements to be arranged one above the other per corridor if they are designed for the width of 250 mm plus oversize. Also for this case, so if two insulating elements are arranged one above the other corridor, there is a firm support of introduced between the wire anchor insulation elements and a gapless or seamless and thus free of thermal bridges composite in the abutting surface of the insulation elements.

As shown in Fig. 3, both insulation boards 11 and insulation boards 12 can be used separately or together per object.

Fig. 4 shows an insulating element in the form of a foam plate 14 made of EPS, in which recesses 16 are introduced at the upper longitudinal surface, in a longitudinal distance L to each other. That is, in this embodiment, the arrangement of the wire anchors is given by these recesses as a kind of template. The width BR of the recesses 16 is in this case matched to the diameter of the wire anchors and is usually in the range of 3 to 5 mm. The depth T of the recesses 16 corresponds at least to the diameter of the wire anchors. In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal distance L between the recesses 16 is about 75 cm.

Fig. 5 shows the assembled arrangement of the insulating elements and in the upper two rows of recesses 16 insulating boards 15 and provided in the lower two rows with recesses 16 insulation boards.

The walling of the inner shell takes place simultaneously with the attachment of the insulation, wherein the wire anchors are inserted by utilizing the template function of the insulating elements in their predetermined recesses. Thereafter, the fixing of the inserted wire anchors by the bricking of the next stone layer, and at the same time serving as a template insulation elements in the form of a clamp.

Again, no joints are present in the joint area, which can form thermal bridges, since the recesses 16 are filled in principle by the sweeping wire anchors, the recesses are otherwise dimensioned accordingly tight, so that upon entry of the wire armature slightly deform the walls of the incisions and then again spring back to the imported wire anchors, so that here, too, in principle, no thermal bridges are present.

The outer shell is then in turn pre-set in a conventional manner, wherein the protruding wire anchors are embedded in the joints.

Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of a thermal insulation system with insulating elements, which are provided with recesses 16, wherein in this embodiment, the superior outer shell 2 and the gap 3 is shown.

The insulating material webs are conveniently kept ready in roll form and in lengths preferably from 2,000 mm to 10,000 mm. The strip-shaped insulation boards are preferably kept in lengths of 1,000 mm to 2,000 mm. The insulation boards and insulation boards can be laminated on one or both sides. As lamination is suitable, for example a glass fleece.

Claims (18)

Thermal insulation system for bivalve exterior walls, in particular for bivalve exterior walls with at least one arranged between the shells insulation layer with and without ventilation and for a core insulation of exterior walls, with mounting anchors (8), which in bearing joints (5) of the inner shell (1) in lateral intervals and in Rows with evenly spaced intervals are introduced to each other there, in the mounted position bridging the gap (3) between the inner and outer shell (1, 2) of the outer wall and for holding the outer shell (2) relative to the inner shell (1), and with at least a heat-insulating layer of elements in the form of insulating strips (12; 15) or insulating boards (11; 14) which are positionally positionable in the intermediate space (3) between the inner shell (1) and the outer shell (2) by the fastening anchors (8), characterized that the one or more insulating elements (11, 12, 14, 15) are designed over their length to a width s ind, and this width is matched to the height-wise spacing of adjacent rows of attachment anchors (8) such that the or the press between adjacent rows of attachment anchors (8) introduced insulation element (s) (11, 12; 14, 15) is fixed in position and held by clamping action between the fastening anchors (8) or are. Thermal insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that on the height-wise distance of the fastening anchor (8) tuned width of the insulating elements with a clamping interference of ≤15 mm, preferably about 5 mm, is designed. Thermal insulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating elements are designed in width corresponding to an integer multiple of a Baurichtmaßes, in particular according to DIN 4172 according to the distance of the heightwise adjacent wire anchor in the inner shell (1), in particular the Baurichtmaßes according to DIN 4172 of 12.5 cm, and preferably the insulating elements have a width of 12.5 cm, 25 cm, 37.5 cm, 50 cm or 62.5 cm. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating elements (11, 12; 14, 15) made of glass wool having a bulk density of from 7 to 40 kg / m ^3, preferably 10 to 25 kg / m ³ is formed. Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulating elements (11, 12, 14, 15) of rock wool having a density of 20 to 100 kg / m ³ , preferably 25 to 70 kg / m ^{3 are} formed. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements (11, 12; 14, 15) are hydrophobic, in particular completely hydrophobicized. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements on at least one of the two main surfaces with a Vlieskaschierung, in particular glass fiber fleece, is provided. Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulating elements (11, 12, 14, 15) are formed from a foam insulation such as EPS, XPS, PUR, PE or the like. Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulating elements as wound into a roll insulation webs (12; 15) in lengths of 2,000 to 10,000 mm formed or strip-shaped insulation board (11; 14) in lengths of 1,000 to 2,000 mm are formed. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements (11, 12; 14, 15) are formed in a uniform thickness over their length of 60 to 200 mm, in particular 80 to 140 mm. Heat insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements (14, 15) are each provided on at least one longitudinal surface facing the fastening anchors with recesses or recesses (16) for receiving the fastening anchors (8), which are spaced apart are formed. Thermal insulation system according to claim 11, characterized in that the recesses or recesses (16) have at least one depth (T) of approximately the diameter of the fastening anchors (8). Thermal insulation system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the width (BR) of the recesses (16) is matched to the diameter of the fastening anchor (8) and is preferably about 3 to 5 mm. Insulating element for a thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements (11, 12; 14, 15) have a width which is an integer multiple of a Baurichtmaßes, in particular according to DIN 4172 corresponding to the distance of the heightwise adjacent wire anchor in the inner shell (1) are designed, in particular the Baurichtmaßes according to DIN 4172 of 12.5 cm, and preferably the insulation elements have a width of 12.5 cm, 25 cm, 37.5 cm, 50 cm or 62.5 cm. Insulating element according to claim 14, characterized in that the insulating element in the case of an insulating track with a length in the range of 2,000 to 10,000 mm or in the form of an insulating board (14, 15) is present in a length in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 mm. Insulating element according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the insulating element over its length has a uniform thickness in the range of 60 to 200 mm, in particular 80 to 140 mm. Insulating element according to claim 14 to 16, characterized in that the insulating element of glass wool with a density of 7 to 40 kg / m ³ , preferably 10 to 25 kg / m ³ , or rockwool with a density of 20 to 100 kg / m ³ , preferably 25 to 70 kg / m ^{3 is} formed. Insulating element according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the insulating element is formed from a foam insulating material such as EPS, XPS, PUR, PE or the like.

Images