EP0567757A2 - Câble et procédé de sa fabrication - Google Patents

Câble et procédé de sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0567757A2
EP0567757A2 EP93104385A EP93104385A EP0567757A2 EP 0567757 A2 EP0567757 A2 EP 0567757A2 EP 93104385 A EP93104385 A EP 93104385A EP 93104385 A EP93104385 A EP 93104385A EP 0567757 A2 EP0567757 A2 EP 0567757A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
intermediate sheath
wires
individual
sheath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93104385A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0567757A3 (fr
EP0567757B1 (fr
Inventor
Marco Glaus
Beat Schmucki
Werner Aeschlimann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daetwyler IT Infra AG
Original Assignee
Daetwyler AG Kabel und Systeme
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25914305&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0567757(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE4240209A external-priority patent/DE4240209C2/de
Application filed by Daetwyler AG Kabel und Systeme filed Critical Daetwyler AG Kabel und Systeme
Publication of EP0567757A2 publication Critical patent/EP0567757A2/fr
Publication of EP0567757A3 publication Critical patent/EP0567757A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0567757B1 publication Critical patent/EP0567757B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1895—Internal space filling-up means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/189—Radial force absorbing layers providing a cushioning effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/005—Quad constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable, in particular a symmetrical cable, with at least four stranded single wires, the single wires each having a conductor and a wire insulation surrounding the respective conductor.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a cable, in particular a symmetrical cable, in which first single wires are twisted in the manner of symmetrical stranding and then an intermediate sheath is arranged together to enclose the single wires.
  • Such cables are known in the most varied of embodiments in communications technology or in the field of data transmission.
  • the further development of such cables generally relates to the achievement of better electrical parameters, for example wave impedance, damping, inductive and capacitive coating, crosstalk, etc.
  • a good transmission quality is always achieved, inter alia, if these parameters have a constant value at all points of the cable and this Value especially when the cable is bent or twisted, e.g. B. in the cable production itself or later laying, maintained.
  • DE-AS 1 059 065 discloses a foam-insulated telecommunication cable with a star quad stranding, which essentially has the following elements: at least four stranded single cores, a core covering surrounding the individual cores, a foamed intermediate sheath arranged on the core braiding and an all-round, non-foamed outer sheath.
  • the core weaving primarily serves to hold the stranding elements together for the further processing steps.
  • the intermediate sheath is primarily intended to protect the stranded single wires against the ingress of moisture.
  • core braiding and intermediate sheathing are often not able to surround the stranded single cores in such a way that the cable, for example laid, has electrical characteristics that are constant over the entire length of the cable. This is because there is a risk that the individual wires will shift out of position when the cable is bent or twisted. This changes the geometrical arrangement of the single wires in the cable core in such a way that it can hardly be restored. This in turn changes the electrical characteristics in an undesirable manner.
  • the invention aims to largely avoid the above-described problems of the known cables and thus to create a cable which ensures reliable and, as far as possible, unadulterated data transmission over long distances.
  • the individual wires or individual conductors are stabilized in their position relative to one another.
  • the individual cores advantageously have a defined position relative to one another over the entire length of the cable, which means data transmission Significantly improved especially over long distances.
  • the operating capacity of a pair of conductors carrying an electromagnetic wave is determined, inter alia, by the geometric arrangement of the individual conductors in the cable core.
  • the inductance of the cable depends on the magnetic field outside the individual conductors and is therefore primarily determined by the distance between the individual conductors.
  • Both sizes - capacitance and inductance - have a significant influence on the resistance, crosstalk and attenuation behavior of a cable. According to the invention, these have a defined value over the entire length of the cable. This is ensured in particular by the fact that the position of the individual conductors or individual conductors is the same at all points of the cable.
  • an intermediate sheath which surrounds the individual wires is arranged in the generic cable in such a way that the intermediate sheath prevents relative movement of the single wires, in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cable (claim 2).
  • the intermediate sheath primarily serves to protect against the penetration of moisture and mechanical damage to the individual wires.
  • the intermediate sheath also serves to stabilize the relative position of the individual wires. This has a particularly favorable effect on the so-called crosstalk behavior, ie the unwanted transfer of electromagnetic energy from one line or a pair of conductors into the other.
  • the crosstalk in particular between symmetrical lines, is caused, among other things, by capacitive and inductive couplings which are due to asymmetries in the electrical field and asymmetries in the geometric structure of the cable.
  • the asymmetries in the geometic structure can be minimized according to the invention by fixing the individual wires relative to one another.
  • the crosstalk behavior remains constant over the entire cable length even with external mechanical influences.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the intermediate jacket has cavities, i.e. Notches between surfaces of adjacent individual wires, at least partially filled (claim 3). This ensures that the position of the individual wires to each other, and thus the geometry of the stranding, remains stable even under extreme mechanical loads.
  • the intermediate sheath is arranged in direct contact with the insulation of the inner individual cores - without any remaining cavity between the intermediate sheath and core insulation (claim 4).
  • the intermediate sheath thus completely fills the said cavity and lies closely around the individual core insulation, so that, in contrast to the known intermediate sheath technology, a type of “embedding” of the symmetrically stranded individual cores in the intermediate sheath material is particularly advantageous.
  • the intermediate sheath wraps itself so tightly around the conductor insulation of the individual cores that they remain in the specified stranding position in every situation, for example when the cable is laid. Emphasis should be placed on the intermediate sheath embedding, which is particularly advantageous in terms of production technology, in a cable consisting of several stranding elements.
  • the intermediate jacket consists of a foamed thermoplastic, in particular polypropylene and / or polyethylene (claim 5). This creates an intermediate jacket that can be processed particularly easily.
  • the two materials mentioned above meet the requirements for the required stability of the embedding in a special way.
  • the intermediate sheath material of the invention is therefore particularly advantageously designed so that it can be broken off in such a way that the intermediate sheath can be removed from the cable without a cutting tool.
  • the intermediate sheath can be removed, for example, simply by breaking off the material at the desired location.
  • the cable is thus easier and easier to handle and process. This results in a noticeable simplification and shortening of the work required for installation.
  • the intermediate sheath is designed as part of the electrical insulation of the individual wires themselves (claim 7).
  • a kind of "symmetrical coaxial cable" is created.
  • the intermediate sheath does not serve to stabilize the stranding elements, but also to provide additional electrical insulation for the individual wires in addition to their usual insulation.
  • this advantageously enables a correspondingly thin or slightly foamed conductor insulation, which is stiffer due to the lower proportion of bubbles and fixes the conductor in its central position within the conductor insulation in the event of external mechanical action. This ensures a further stabilization of the conductor geometry of the relative position of the conductors to one another.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention further consists in that the parameters of the intermediate sheath material, in particular wall thickness, tensile and compressive rigidity, and density and foam structure, are selected such that the intermediate sheath has different mechanical stabilization requirements depending on the area of application and electrical insulation of the embedded single wires fulfilled (claim 8).
  • the cable according to the invention can be dimensioned in a user-specific manner by appropriate selection of the flexibility and specification of the foamed intermediate sheath.
  • the banding consists, for example, of several layers of high-quality plastic film.
  • a tension for tensioning the foils acts on the stranding element that the individual wires already slip out of their ideal stranding position or orientation at the time of manufacture.
  • the intermediate jacket embedding according to the invention is therefore particularly advantageously completely stress-free (claim 9), d. H. the intermediate sheath does not exert any tensile forces, neither in the longitudinal nor in the transverse direction of the cable, so that the stranding of the individual wires remains defined at all times.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the insulation of the single wires together with the intermediate sheath is considered as a uniform insulation parameter, the material data of which are included in the model calculation of the line theory as a defined variable (claim 10).
  • the model of a "symmetrical coaxial cable” the electrical processes during data transmission after elimination of undetermined factors can be recorded much better.
  • the defined conductor geometry also proves to be particularly favorable due to the inventive stabilization of the individual wires.
  • a further advantageous variant of the invention consists in the formation of a cable, in particular a data transmission cable, with a twisted pair, the intermediate sheath forms an intermediate sheath embedding of single cores stranded in the manner of a star quad, uz in such a way that the impedance is particularly advantageously approximately between 85 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ (claim 11).
  • the advantages of the cable concept according to the invention have a particularly favorable effect. For example, if the four individual wires of a stereoscopic cross-section do not lie in the corners of a square, but the stereoscopic is deformed into a rhomboid, the capacitive crosstalk becomes particularly large. This can be successfully avoided by the geometric stabilization according to the invention.
  • the inductive crosstalk between the two main lines of a veterinarian is minimal if they are ideally perpendicular to each other. According to the invention, this arrangement can be reached over the entire length of the cable even with external mechanical action.
  • the diameter of the individual individual wires is particularly advantageously approximately 1 mm or less and the diameter of the entire cable is approximately 5 mm (claim 12). Since the advantages of the intermediate sheath embedding, as well as the easily removable intermediate sheath come into play particularly with cables of small diameter, a new type of cable with a small diameter results, which can be used, for example, with so-called RJ45 plugs. suitable is.
  • the data transmission cable constructed in this way enables the use of approximately two to four times smaller plugs and is therefore particularly suitable for device connections with a high integration or packing density. The use of smaller plugs in turn opens up space for new developments and a higher integration density in the patch panel area.
  • the cable according to the invention has a shield surrounding the intermediate sheath, which is an aluminum foil, a wire mesh and possibly one between the aluminum foil and the wire mesh in the longitudinal direction of the cable extending drain wire, and an outer jacket surrounding the shield (claim 13).
  • the cable designed in this way is particularly practical to handle, simple to manufacture and has all the advantages of a single wire or conductor position stabilized in any situation.
  • the individual conductors consist of flexible seven-fold or multiple strands, in particular of bare, tinned, silver-plated or galvanized copper strands (claim 14). Contrary to previous estimates, surprisingly good values in terms of near and cross talk attenuation can be achieved with such a cable, in particular data transmission cables with a small diameter. In this way, the quadruple coupling and the crosstalk effects between the different single wires can be controlled well.
  • the aim according to the invention is also achieved by a generic method, the intermediate sheath being applied directly to the stranded individual wires, in particular sprayed on (claim 15).
  • spray technology With the help of spray technology in particular, the requirements placed on the function of the intermediate sheath, which protects, stabilizes and isolates in particular from mechanical damage and moisture, are met in a special way.
  • the foaming parameters amount of blowing agent, germs, ...) and / or chemical additives (solvents, plasticizers, ...) to the starting material
  • the physical and chemical properties such as flexibility, dielectric constant, softening point, especially with regard to the the type of embedding designed intermediate sheath can be controlled particularly advantageously (claim 16).
  • a diaphragm with an opening which is adjustable in cross section is attached to the outlet of the spray device, as a result of which the diameter or the wall thickness of the intermediate jacket is set (claim 17).
  • the portion of the intermediate sheath that is larger than the size of the aperture is stripped off after the injection process by pulling the cable through the opening.
  • a data transmission cable 1 according to the invention consists of four individual wires 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, the diagonally opposite individual wires 2A and 2B as well as 3A and 3B each forming an associated pair of wires 2, 3 for transmitting an electromagnetic wave.
  • the single wires can have such a small diameter - e.g. 1 mm - that the data transmission cable 1 is particularly suitable for small plugs.
  • Such plugs typically have external dimensions of approximately 10 mm * 5 mm, the distance between the individual plug contacts being approximately 1 mm.
  • the individual single wires are adapted to this distance.
  • the diameter of the cable core is on the order of approximately 2 mm.
  • each wire 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B consists of a metallic conductor 4, which is used to transmit electrical charge carriers. Furthermore, it is known that the individual single wires 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B each have an insulation 5 surrounding the conductor 4.
  • the single wires 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B in the illustrated embodiment, are equidistant from a central longitudinal axis C of the data transmission cable 1.
  • the conductors 4 of the single wires 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B form the corner points of a square. They are twisted together like a star four. This is shown in addition in FIG. 3.
  • the geometry of the star quad is fixed according to the invention by an intermediate jacket 7 arranged around the star quad - in the manner of an intermediate jacket embedding in direct contact with the wire insulation 5 - An additional electrical insulation of the thin individual wires 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B is guaranteed.
  • the intermediate sheath is advantageously made of a foamed plastic.
  • the foamed plastic lies tightly or tightly around the cable core during the manufacture of the cable.
  • the density and specificity of the plastic foam can be specified by a suitable parameter setting (blowing agent, etc.) during the manufacture of the cable.
  • Intermediate jacket 7 is also shown separately in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity.
  • the illustrated geometry of the intermediate sheath 7 illustrates how tightly the intermediate sheath is 7 as an intermediate sheath embedding around the individual cores and stabilizing their survivor orientation.
  • a shielding film 8 is wound around the four individual wires on the outside and serves to shield against high frequencies.
  • This shielding film 8 is furthermore completely surrounded or wrapped by an overall shield 9, in particular made of copper braid.
  • This overall screen 9 is used to shield against low frequencies.
  • a well-conductive drain wire may be inserted between the shielding film 8 and the shield 9 in the longitudinal direction of the cable, which increases the longitudinal conductivity of the shield.
  • the entire screen 9 is completely enclosed by a preferably flexible outer jacket 10.
  • the diameter of the entire cable is typically 5 to 6 mm.
  • a data transmission cable with the following properties for a wire diameter of less than 1 mm: an impedance between 135 ⁇ and 165 ⁇ in the frequency range between 3 MHz and 100 MHz, an impedance between 200 ⁇ and 270 ⁇ in the frequency range around 38.4 kHz, an insulation resistance greater than 16000 M ⁇ km at a direct voltage of 500 V and an earth asymmetry (capacitive unbalance) less than 1500 pF / km at a frequency of 1 kHz.
  • the data transmission cable shown schematically in cross section in FIG. 1 also has the following near-end crosstalk characteristic: at a frequency of 9.5 kHz:> 80 dB, at a frequency of 38.4 kHz:> 75 dB, at a frequency of 3 to 5 MHz :> 58 dB, and at a frequency of 12 to 20 MHz:> 50 dB.
  • the near crosstalk is still greater than 40 dB.
  • damping characteristics can also be implemented: at a frequency of 9.6 kHz: ⁇ 10 dB / km, at a frequency of 38.4 kHz: ⁇ 15 dB / km, at a frequency of 4 MHz: ⁇ 76 dB / km, at a frequency of 16 MHz: ⁇ 150 dB / km.
  • Attenuation values are typical: at a frequency of 9.6 kHz: approximately 5.6 dB / km, at a frequency of 38.4 kHz: approximately 8 dB / km, at a frequency of 4 MHz: approximately 38 dB / km km, at a frequency of 16 MHz: about 75 dB / km. With a test voltage of 900 V / 50Hz, no breakdown occurs at 1 min.
  • the transmission cable according to the invention designed in this way thus ensures excellent electrical characteristics and is particularly easy to handle.

Landscapes

  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP93104385A 1992-04-28 1993-03-17 Câble pour transmission de donneés et procédé de sa fabrication Revoked EP0567757B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4213901 1992-04-28
DE4213901 1992-04-28
DE4240209A DE4240209C2 (de) 1992-04-28 1992-11-30 Datenübertragungskabel
DE4240209 1992-11-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0567757A2 true EP0567757A2 (fr) 1993-11-03
EP0567757A3 EP0567757A3 (fr) 1994-01-26
EP0567757B1 EP0567757B1 (fr) 1997-04-23

Family

ID=25914305

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93104385A Revoked EP0567757B1 (fr) 1992-04-28 1993-03-17 Câble pour transmission de donneés et procédé de sa fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0567757B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE152281T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE9218768U1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1000427A1 (fr) * 1997-07-29 2000-05-17 Khamsin Technologies, LLC Systeme de cable de telecommunication hybride electriquement optimise pour raccordement terminal "derniers metres"
GB2352082A (en) * 1999-06-17 2001-01-17 Cit Alcatel Electrical subsea cable sheathing
EP1134749A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-19 Nexans Câble électrique
JP2009512152A (ja) * 2005-10-12 2009-03-19 イスパノ・シユイザ 複数電線の電気ケーブル用のエルボ接続部
WO2012139685A1 (fr) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Câble à quarte en étoile avec blindage
US10347397B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2019-07-09 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Cable for transmitting electrical signals

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29808657U1 (de) * 1998-05-14 1999-08-12 Siemens AG, 80333 München Elektrisches Signalübertragungskabel
DE19957545C2 (de) * 1999-11-30 2001-12-13 Daetwyler Ag Kabel & Systeme A Steckverbindung
DE202011004949U1 (de) * 2011-04-06 2012-07-09 Coroplast Fritz Müller Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Leitung zum Übertragen von Datensignalen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE734148C (de) * 1938-01-21 1943-04-09 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Ortsbewegliches Feldkabel mit nichtmetallischem Mantel
US2871151A (en) * 1956-03-07 1959-01-27 Milton A Lipton Electrical cable
DE3144743A1 (de) * 1981-11-11 1983-05-19 U.I. Lapp Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Elektrische, flexible leitung mit besonderer widerstandsfaehigkeit gegen torsionsbeanspruchung
US4835394A (en) * 1987-07-31 1989-05-30 General Electric Company Cable assembly for an electrical signal transmission system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE734148C (de) * 1938-01-21 1943-04-09 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Ortsbewegliches Feldkabel mit nichtmetallischem Mantel
US2871151A (en) * 1956-03-07 1959-01-27 Milton A Lipton Electrical cable
DE3144743A1 (de) * 1981-11-11 1983-05-19 U.I. Lapp Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Elektrische, flexible leitung mit besonderer widerstandsfaehigkeit gegen torsionsbeanspruchung
US4835394A (en) * 1987-07-31 1989-05-30 General Electric Company Cable assembly for an electrical signal transmission system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1000427A1 (fr) * 1997-07-29 2000-05-17 Khamsin Technologies, LLC Systeme de cable de telecommunication hybride electriquement optimise pour raccordement terminal "derniers metres"
EP1000427A4 (fr) * 1997-07-29 2002-07-24 Khamsin Technologies Llc Systeme de cable de telecommunication hybride electriquement optimise pour raccordement terminal "derniers metres"
GB2352082A (en) * 1999-06-17 2001-01-17 Cit Alcatel Electrical subsea cable sheathing
GB2352082B (en) * 1999-06-17 2003-09-10 Cit Alcatel Electrical subsea cable
EP1134749A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-19 Nexans Câble électrique
JP2009512152A (ja) * 2005-10-12 2009-03-19 イスパノ・シユイザ 複数電線の電気ケーブル用のエルボ接続部
WO2012139685A1 (fr) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Câble à quarte en étoile avec blindage
CN103534764A (zh) * 2011-04-14 2014-01-22 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 具有屏蔽件的星绞线缆
US9257215B2 (en) 2011-04-14 2016-02-09 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Star quad cable with shield
CN103534764B (zh) * 2011-04-14 2016-03-30 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 具有屏蔽件的星绞线缆
US10347397B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2019-07-09 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Cable for transmitting electrical signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0567757A3 (fr) 1994-01-26
ATE152281T1 (de) 1997-05-15
DE9218768U1 (de) 1995-10-26
EP0567757B1 (fr) 1997-04-23

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