Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/12—Ketones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
  • A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
  • A61K47/6951—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes using cyclodextrin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of a terpene derivative, namely (IS) (-)-4,6,6- trimethylbicyclo-(3,1,1)-hept-3-ene-2-one (hereinafter named verbenone) of formula
• the invention also relates to a verbenone-cyclodextrin complex and the pharmaceutical compositions containing it.
• Pulmonary emphysema is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by an abnormal and permanent increase in the volume of the air spaces located distally to the terminal bronchiole, with destruction of the alveolar septum.
• a number of experimental and clinical data generally ascribe the emphysema pathogenesis to an unbalance of the protease-antiprotease ratio at the alveolus level.
• alveolar proteases exert an essential activity, which is the lysis of cell fragments, thrombi and particles. Said activity is counterbalanced be endogenous antiproteases (£ ⁇ -l antitrypsin [o lAT], ( -2 macroglobulin [ ⁇ -2M] , Bronchial Mucus Inhibitor [B.M.I.]), which protect the pulmonary tissue from the protease action.
• the loss of the normal balance between proteases and antiproteases can be attributed to three factors: 1) congenital lack in antiproteases (particularly f ⁇ -lAT); 2) excessive protease release at the alveolus level; 3) partial inactivation of antiproteases (Ck-1AT) in the presence of a normal or enhanced protease production. Said factors are generally worsened by tobacco smoke.
• alveolar proteases leukocytal elastase proves to have the most marked digestive activity on all the pulmonary connective components, particularly on elastin, the fibres of which constitute the alveolar septa, thus giving lung the functional elasticity.
• verbenone exerts an unpredictable antielestase activity at the lung level, and, due to said activity, it is useful in the treatment of emphysema.
• Verbenone is a monoterpene derivative having antiinflammatory and mucolytic activities and it is used as a mucolytic and fluidifying agent in the acute and chronic disorders of the respiratory tract.
• verbenone showed a surprising inhibiting activity on the elastase action, particularly on the neutrophylic one. Said activity was unforeseeable from the pharmacological and clinical studies which evidenced the mucolytic and antiinflammatory activities of verbenone and the use thereof in therapy.
• pulmonary emphysema can be favoured, or worsened, by the simultaneous presence of other pulmonary disorders, such as bronchitis and/or pneumonia, other infective forms, asthma, which involve obstructions of the respiratory tract; therefore a medicament which can at the same time have antiinflammatory and mucolytic activities and protect elastin of the alveolar septa is obviously useful.
• Tests were carried out ⁇ n vitro to evaluate verbenone activity on the release of neutrophilic elastin from polymorphonuclear granules. Said tests evidenced the marked antielastase activity of verbenone, which activity is not dose-related nor cytotoxic.
• Polymorphonuclear phagocytes were separate starting from heparinized peripheral blood (60 cc) fro healthy volunteers or from buffy coats (leukocytes an platelets enrichments).
• Neutrophilic polymorphonuclears were separated b means of a 6% colloidal dextran gradient, then the erythrocytes were lysated with an ammonium chloride solution. Neutrophilic elastase release
• the plate was centrifuged and 100 ⁇ l of supernatant were collected and incubated for 60-120' at 37 ⁇ C with a specific substrate for the neutrophilic elastase (methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-p-Na) to a 1 mM final concentration.
• the reaction was stopped by adding 50 ⁇ l of 1 N acetic acid and reading was carried out by means of a multiscan photometer at a 405 nm wave length.
• the values of the absorbance of samples challenged with fMLP were compared to those from unchallenged cells, to obtain a ⁇ value corresponding to the amount of neutrophilic elastase released following to challenge. Any interferences of verbenone on the neutrophilic elastase release were tested by addition of different concentrations of the medicament directly to the cell suspension during the test. The results are shown in Table 1.
• verbenone is used as the active ingredient for the preparation of a medicament useful for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema.
• verbenone has the drawbacks to be insoluble in water and to have a very unpleasant taste, therefore it cannot be used for aqueous liquid pharmaceutical forms, such as syrups, oral solutions, nasal drops, aqueous solutions for aerosol and nebulization.
• the verbenone-cyclodextrin complex has high water solubility and, moreover, verbenone unpleasant taste is no more perceptible. Therefore, the verbenone-cyclodextrin complex is a further object of invention.
• a further advantage of the complex of the invention is provided by its increased bioavailability.
• the pharmaceutical forms comprising the verbenone- cyclodextrin complex can be prepared, for example, according to the methods described in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences Handbook", Ralph Pub. Co., USA.
• Examples of pharmaceutical forms are capsules, pills, tablets, sugar-coated pills, granulates, syrups, drinkable solutions, nasal drops, solutions for aerosol or inhalation, suppositories, injectable solutions or suspensions both for the intravenous and the intramuscular routes.
• the dosages will depend on the severity of the disorder, the age, weight and sex of the patient and on the clinician's advise.
• Examples of dosages comprise single or repeated administrations of the medicament containing verbenone or the verbenone-cyclodextrin complex so as to attain a daily dosage from 10 to 500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the preparation of the verbenone-cyclodextrin complex is illustrated in the following examples.
• a ⁇ -ciclodextrin amount equal to 0.1 mole is weighed and placed into a mortar of suitable size.
• the obtained complex is in form of a flowing powder which is completely odourless.
• the obtained product is an equimolar mixture (1:1) of verbenone and cyclodextrin (50 g theoretical, 49 g found).
• ⁇ -Cyclodextrin ⁇ -Cyclodextrin are dispersed in 500 ml of distilled water (50 mmoles) and the solution is heated to 65 e C. under stirring, until complete dissolution. solution, with stirring. The mixture is left to cool t room temperature with stirring for 60 minutes, then i is kept at +4°C for 6 hours.
• the solid phase is recovered by filtration and th solid is placed into a convection oven at 40°C for 18 hours, to obtain 64 g of a white powdery product, containing from 11.3 to 12.0% w/w of L-verbenone. Yield - 84.65%.

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)

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• 1991
  • 1991-10-04 IT ITMI912652A patent/IT1251615B/it active IP Right Grant
• 1992
  • 1992-09-30 AU AU26644/92A patent/AU2664492A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-09-30 WO PCT/EP1992/002269 patent/WO1993006823A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-09-30 CA CA002097611A patent/CA2097611A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-09-30 JP JP5506603A patent/JPH06506500A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-09-30 EP EP92920465A patent/EP0565658A1/en not_active Withdrawn

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