EP0565554B1 - Manhole element made of moulding material - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE91/00980 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 25, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 25, 1993 PCT Filed Dec. 10, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/12297 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 23, 1992.A shaft element composed of molding material has a shaft member with a hollow interior, and at least one support provided in the interior of the shaft member so that a person can step on the support. The support is an integral component part of the shaft member. The shaft member has an extension, and the support is formed in the region of the extension.

Description

The invention relates to a shaft element made of molding material of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

Shaft elements of the type mentioned at the outset are known (GB-A-209 931) which have a constant wall thickness all around and have material-uniform supports on the inside which are shaped as projections projecting inward in the manner of a balcony. When viewed from above, the projections have the shape of a hollow semi-basin. Such protrusions are difficult to form during manufacture. They are only lightly loadable and can break off easily.

From JP-U-54 20 846 a finished molded part is known which has two wall thickenings running at a distance from one another on the inside of the wall, the sole purpose of which is that the ends of special rods are subsequently inserted and fixed by means of securing elements. The special poles are supposed to form supports.

From US-A 37 45 738 shaft elements are known, the inside with a separate element e.g. are made of polyester material, which contains openings and is intended to form a ladder. This separate element is attached to the shaft element.

There are shaft elements known (DE-31 10 185 A1), in which the at least one foot-accessible support is formed on the inside from a crampon which, with the help of a special installation device, is part of the molding device during the manufacture and molding of the finished molded part during this process is molded. If the finished molded part consists of a manhole element, e.g. manhole ring, made of concrete, the crampons are concreted in from the inside during the shaping process. These crampons have to be procured as special costly elements, kept in stock and stored in a magazine and fed and placed in the molding device during the shaping process. This is complex and expensive. Depending on the material from which the crampons are made, there is also a risk of corrosion, which is why manholes designed in this way require more maintenance and inspection. Iron crampons imply the risk of sparking and therefore an explosion hazard in shafts that contain easily flammable or explosive media. Since the crampons are often smooth and slippery inside the shaft, the risk of slipping off is not completely eliminated when entering. It is disadvantageous with regard to the manufacture that the most varied shapes and dimensions of crampons are commercially available and the molding devices for the production of the finished molded parts must therefore be adapted to the most varied designs of the crampons, and accordingly accordingly adapted molding devices must be kept available, which is extraordinary is complex.

The invention has for its object to provide a shaft element of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 that makes separate crampons unnecessary while maintaining the strength and leads to a reduction in effort and costs.

The object is achieved in a shaft element of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. Characterized in that the at least one support is an integral part of the shaft element and from its molding compound is shaped at the same time, separate crampons as independent, completely unnecessary in the molding process with elements to be molded. The associated expenditure on procurement, storage and provision as well as introduction into the molding device is completely eliminated. This leads to a significant reduction in working hours and costs. This means that any interruptions in the automatic manufacturing process that were otherwise necessary for inserting the crampons, depending on the process, are no longer necessary. The automatic manufacturing process can run uninterrupted. The otherwise higher maintenance and inspection effort for shafts, which are formed from such shaft elements, due in particular to corrosion-prone crampons, is eliminated, as is the risk of spark formation and thus an explosion risk. The design as one-piece supports, which are shaped with the same shape as the shaft element, also creates a great deal of scope with regard to the design of the shaft element, which is no longer limited by the crampons to be introduced as separate elements. So you are less restricted with regard to the shapes and dimensions and special designs of the shaft elements and you have a lot of creative freedom. Depending on the molding compound, this itself gives a relatively large surface roughness, so that the integrally molded supports already ensure greater slip resistance. If the shaft element is made of concrete, for example, there is a relatively rough concrete surface in the area of the supports, which increases slip resistance. Incidentally, the incorporated supports, also due to the increased slip resistance, increase the overall feeling of safety of the person who has to walk on a shaft formed from such shaft elements. Any repair work in the shaft can thus also be carried out more easily and safely, whereby this is also carried out more readily. Is an advantage Furthermore, shaft elements with all elements can thus be produced in one piece and in one process and therefore a higher level of tightness can be ensured in the manufacturing process. The advantages are thus a significant reduction in costs, time savings in production, a large amount of creative freedom for the design with regard to the shape and dimensions of the shaft elements, as well as greater stability and security as well as great durability and ease of repair and maintenance.

All possible types of concrete and concrete mixtures come into consideration as concrete, u. a. Polymer concrete, sulfur concrete or similar concrete masses, including fiber concrete and the like also fall. Due to the fact that the respective support is formed in the area of a wall thickening, namely an inside or outside wall thickening, or on or in an inside intermediate wall of the shaft element, any cross-sectional weakening of the shaft element in the area of the incorporated supports is avoided, so that the shaft element at least the has the same strength as previously known shaft elements, and this in the case of molded-in supports which are designed in particular as depressions. Are these supports in the area of an inside wall thickening, e.g. B. incorporated a longitudinal web, this wall thickening can also be used for other purposes, for. B. od to form a handrail.

Further advantageous features of the invention and refinements of the shaft element result from claims 2 to 32. The coating according to claim 27 makes it easier to identify the supports and, depending on the color, also provides protection against corrosion. It is particularly advantageous if the shaft element consists of a concrete that has a water / cement factor of 0.4 or less.

The shaft elements are advantageously compressed, in particular vibration-compressed. This is done by making z. B. according to the known vibratory pressing process. The concrete is compacted by shaking and then immediately removed from the mold. H. removed from the mold, whereby the formwork is removed before the binder of the molding compound has set. The manufacturing process for the manufacture of such shaft elements is fully automatic. The shaft element is immediately removed from the mold after compaction and transported - resting on a lower base ring (lower sleeve).

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description.

Fig. 1

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles III in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelementes gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 5

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie V - V in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung VI in Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 8

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie VIII - VIII in Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 10

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie X - X in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XI in Fig. 9,

Fig. 12

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 13

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie XIII - XIII in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XIV in Fig. 12,

Fig. 15

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 16

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XVI - XVI in Fig. 15,

Fig. 17

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XVII in Fig. 15,

Fig. 18

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem siebten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 19

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem achten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 20

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XX - XX in Fig. 19,

Fig. 21

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XXI in Fig. 19,

Fig. 22

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem neunten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 23

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XXIII - XXIII in Fig. 22,

Fig. 24

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XXIV in Fig. 22,

Fig. 23

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem zehnten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 26

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XXVI - XXVI in Fig. 25,

Fig. 27

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XXVII in Fig. 25,

Fig. 28

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem elften Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 29

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XXIX - XXIX in Fig. 28,

Fig. 30

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XXX in Fig. 28,

Fig. 31

einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt eines stehend angeordneten Schachtelements gemäß einem zwölften Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 32

einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XXXII - XXXII in Fig. 31,

Fig. 33

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht in Pfeilrichtung XXXIII in Fig. 31.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a standing shaft element according to a first exemplary embodiment,

Fig. 2

2 shows a schematic section along the line II-II in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows a partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to a second exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 5

3 shows a schematic section along the line V - V in FIG. 4,

Fig. 6

3 shows a schematic, partially sectioned view in the direction of arrow VI in FIG. 4,

Fig. 7

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to a third exemplary embodiment,

Fig. 8

7 shows a schematic section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7,

Fig. 9

2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a shaft element arranged upright according to a fourth exemplary embodiment,

Fig. 10

3 shows a schematic section along the line X - X in FIG. 9,

Fig. 11

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of the arrow XI in FIG. 9,

Fig. 12

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to a fifth exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 13

4 shows a section along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12,

Fig. 14

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of the arrow XIV in FIG. 12,

Fig. 15

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to a sixth exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 16

FIG. 15 shows a schematic section along the line XVI - XVI in FIG. 15,

Fig. 17

FIG. 15 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XVII in FIG. 15,

Fig. 18

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to a seventh exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 19

FIG. 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of an upright shaft element according to an eighth exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 20

FIG. 19 shows a schematic section along the line XX-XX in FIG. 19,

Fig. 21

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XXI in FIG. 19,

Fig. 22

2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a standing shaft element according to a ninth embodiment,

Fig. 23

FIG. 22 shows a schematic section along the line XXIII-XXIII in FIG. 22,

Fig. 24

FIG. 22 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XXIV in FIG. 22,

Fig. 23

2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a standing shaft element according to a tenth embodiment,

Fig. 26

FIG. 25 shows a schematic section along the line XXVI - XXVI in FIG. 25,

Fig. 27

FIG. 25 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XXVII in FIG. 25,

Fig. 28

3 shows a schematic horizontal section of a standing shaft element according to an eleventh embodiment,

Fig. 29

FIG. 28 shows a schematic section along the line XXIX-XXIX in FIG. 28,

Fig. 30

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XXX in FIG. 28,

Fig. 31

2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a standing shaft element according to a twelfth exemplary embodiment,

Fig. 32

3 shows a schematic section along the line XXXII-XXXII in FIG. 31,

Fig. 33

is a schematic, partially sectioned side view in the direction of arrow XXXIII in Fig. 31.

It should be noted that all twelve exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 33 are each a finished molded part 10 made of molding compound, in particular of concrete, which also includes fiber concrete, sulfur concrete or the like, or of ceramic compound or plastic or the like. The finished molded part 10 consists of a manhole element 11. The latter can be a manhole ring, manhole neck, pipe or the like, which is usually arranged upright during installation, with its central axis 12 thus running essentially vertically. However, the latter is not mandatory. Even if an at least substantially tubular, for example cylindrical, shaft element 11 can be seen from the drawings is, this is also not mandatory. The shaft element 11 can also be conical or polygonal, for example square, oval, elliptical or in some other way. All different forms are within the scope of the invention.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the shaft element 11 shown in the drawings has a wall 13 which is delimited by a curved inner surface 14 and a curved outer surface 15. The cross-section of the wall 13 is at least substantially uniform, with the exception of the exceptions that are particularly emphasized in the following description. At both ends, each shaft element 11 is provided with folds 16 and 17 shaped in a conventional manner, which allow a plurality of stacked shaft elements 11 to fit into one another with a seal therebetween. The shaft element 11 is e.g. designed according to DE-PS 31 10 185, to which reference is made and the content of which is made here for disclosure.

The shaft element 11 has at least one support 18 that can be entered with the foot. In the first exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1-3, a total of four supports 18, 19 and 20, 21 are visible, with which the shaft element 11 is equipped. In the case of the shaft element 11 according to DE-PS 31 10 185, these supports are formed by crampons which are concreted in from the inside into the finished molded part 10 to be shaped, in particular the shaft element 11, during the shaping process. These are prefabricated crampons made of cast iron, stainless steel, stainless steel tube with plastic coating, aluminum, aluminum tube, aluminum tube with plastic coating or other material. These crampons are expensive. The manufacture of crampons is already expensive. It requires corresponding raw materials and energy expenditure for the production. Furthermore, such crampons are exposed to corrosion, which is why shaft elements 11 equipped with them also require control and maintenance.

The acquisition, storage, provision and introduction of such crampons during the manufacturing process is also extremely complex and expensive. Other drastic disadvantages are obvious and need not be described in detail here.

In the case of the finished molded part 10, in particular shaft element 11, according to the invention, no separate crampons which are to be concreted separately during manufacture are required for the formation of the supports 18 to 21. Instead, the supports 18 to 21 are a one-piece, material-uniform component of the shaft element 11, which can also be molded from the molding compound during its shaping and have been molded in the finished product shown. Even if several supports, namely four supports 18 to 21, are provided in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, it goes without saying that at least one support in the shaft element 11 can also be sufficient.
In the first exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3, the respective support 18 to 21 projects inward beyond the inner surface 14 of the shaft element 11. The supports 18 to 21 are formed on an inside wall thickening 22 of the shaft element 11. The inside wall thickening 22 is essentially designed as a longitudinal web 23, for example running along an inner surface line of the shaft element 11, which has a substantial width. In the first exemplary embodiment, this web 23, viewed in the horizontal section according to FIG. 1, has an at least weak V-shape.

As can be seen, the supports 18 to 21 are formed from respective depressions 24 to 27 which are contained in the interior of the web 23. The web 23 has approximately the shape of a longitudinal bar, which is a longitudinal bar with an approximately rectangular cross section, which corresponds to the Inner surface 14 is attached and follows the curve of the inner surface 14 and further inside has slightly inclined outer surfaces, this longitudinal bar of course being integral with the wall 13.

In the first exemplary embodiment, the supports 18 to 21, in particular depressions 24 to 27, in the web 23 are arranged in a two-row sequence with a respective offset from one another. This means that the two depressions 24 and 25 are arranged one above the other along a line and likewise the other two depressions 26 and 27 are also arranged one above the other along a line, the two lines being approximately parallel to one another and at a distance from one another and the depression 26 with respect is offset in height on the recess 24, as is the recess 27 with respect to the recess 25.

In the case of a two-track arrangement, the supports 18 to 21 can have a width of approximately 125 to 150 mm and in the case of a single-track arrangement a width of approximately 300 to 400 mm.

Viewed in cross section, the depressions 24 to 27 are each approximately square, e.g. rectangular or square instead. As can be seen above all from FIGS. 1 and 3, the depressions 24 to 27 have a substantial width, so that they are well suited as supports that can be entered. It is of particular importance, among other things, that the supports 18 to 21, in particular depressions 24 to 27, each have an upstanding and approximately horizontal footbridge 28 to 31 which adjoins the inner surface of the web 23 and which preferably has an essentially flat upper surface is provided, so that there is a good area to occur when entering with the respective foot. The foot bridge 28 to 31, which is oriented horizontally and thus approximately at right angles to the central axis 12, runs in a straight line in the first exemplary embodiment.

As can also be seen, the respective recess 24 to 27, viewed in cross section, is approximately box-shaped in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

As is only identified using the example of the depression 24, this depression has a bottom 34, an end wall 35 delimiting the depression on the inside and two side walls 36 and 37 which run approximately parallel to one another and which enter the depression 24 when the footbridge 28 is entered gripping part of the foot ensure good and safe lateral guidance. The footbridge 28 clearly protrudes upward above the floor 34. The other recesses 25 to 27 are designed in the same way as explained above for recess 24. The bottom 34 of the respective recess 24 to 27 runs approximately horizontally here. The inner end wall 35, which limits the depth of the recess 24, runs in an arc shape according to FIG. 1, which roughly follows the curvature of the inner surface 14.

The supports 18 to 21, which are in one piece with the shaft element 11, result in an overall homogeneous finished molded part 10. Special additional crampons are not required, with all the disadvantages that otherwise result. This completely eliminates the costs of procuring and storing additional crampons that are otherwise required. In addition, energy savings and protection of the raw materials can be recorded since additional crampons are no longer necessary. Furthermore, the maintenance outlay for shafts formed from such shaft elements 11 is significantly reduced. Otherwise, any spark formation is prevented, as can occur with iron crampons. This eliminates the risk of explosion in shafts filled with highly flammable or explosive media, or at least significantly reduces it. The one-piece design of the supports 18 to 21 results in greater leeway for such finished molded parts 10, in particular shaft elements 11. Appropriate design can thus have a positive influence on climbing safety, climbing ergonomics and the like parameters. Safety against slipping is also considerably increased. This is z. B. achieved by the highest footbridges 28 to 31, which can also be grasped by hand, and also by the bilateral limitation by means of the side walls 36 and 37, which prevent slipping to the side. It is also advantageous that due to the massive design of the supports 18 to 21 to be stepped on, the security perception of someone entering a shaft designed in this way is favorably influenced by the one-piece design of the supports 18 to 21. It is also advantageous that the molding devices required for the production of the finished molded parts 10, in particular shaft elements 11, no longer have to be adapted to the ever different shapes and dimensions of crampons. Also, the elements of the molding device can now be designed with fewer fits and thus denser, which has the advantage that any leakage flows of liquid concrete, for example concrete sludge, into the interior of the molding device are reduced during the molding process of concrete parts. It is also advantageous that the otherwise required insertion devices, by means of which the separate crampons were inserted, are unnecessary, which leads to a further reduction in costs. The steps of equipping an insertion device with crampons and inserting the insertion device into the molding device are also eliminated, which leads to a further reduction in the outlay. Since crampons no longer have to be stored, transported and handled at all, the additional times and interruptions in the automatic manufacturing process that result from this are eliminated. The invention enables uninterrupted, fully automated production. The finished molded part 10, in particular shaft element 11, is of homogeneous quality and a constant seal also in the area of the supports 19 to 21. Overall, there is an enormous reduction in costs, greater stability, tightness, safety, durability, ease of maintenance, time saving during production and larger creative freedom for the design of the finished molded part 10.

In the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the parts which correspond to the first exemplary embodiment are used by 100 larger reference numerals, so that reference is made to the description of the first exemplary embodiment in order to avoid repetition.

The second exemplary embodiment differs from the first in that the foot webs 128 to 131 run along a secant and thereby approximately parallel to a vertical diametral plane 132 of the shaft element 111. In addition, the recesses 124 to 127 are designed as elongated and upright rectangles, so that there is a lot of space above the footbridges 128 to 131. The web 123 is designed as a bar which is approximately rectangular in cross section, the inner surface of which is oriented approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 132. The two side walls 136 and 137 of the depression 124, which run parallel to one another, are oriented essentially at right angles to the diametral plane 132 and are therefore along a secant and not radially, as in the first exemplary embodiment. The side walls of the other depressions 125 to 127 are of course also formed in the same way.

In addition to the first exemplary embodiment, in the second exemplary embodiment, the base 134 is provided with at least one downwardly opening passage 133 for each recess 124 to 127, which here consists of a bore which, for example, runs approximately parallel to the central axis 112. In the other recesses 125 to 127 there is a corresponding passage on the bottom, which corresponds to the passage 133. This passage has the advantage that any liquid accumulations in the bottom area of each depression 124 to 127 are switched off because liquids can flow down through these passages 133. At the same time, this results in a cleaning effect in the area of the respective recess 124 to 127 In the second exemplary embodiment, the foot webs 128 to 131 are in alignment with one another and approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 132, which leads through the central axis 112, simplifying the manufacture of this shaft element 111.

In the third exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 6, the supports 218 to 221 likewise protrude inward beyond the inner surface 214 of the shaft element 211, the supports here also being formed by recesses 224 to 227 contained in a web 223. The web 223 has a larger width here. Here, too, its outer surface extends essentially parallel to a diametral plane 232 which passes through the central axis 212. In this third exemplary embodiment, the supports 218 to 221, in particular the depressions 224 to 227, are arranged in a single-row sequence, in deviation from the first and second exemplary embodiments. The recesses 224 to 227, viewed in the horizontal cross section, are also very wide, but are designed with a smaller radial depth. The large width leads to correspondingly wide footbridges 228 to 231. This has the advantage that when stepping onto the ladder designed in this way, the respective upper footbridges can be used as handles for grasping when climbing. Depending on the design, this is of course also possible in the previous exemplary embodiments. However, the design according to this third exemplary embodiment is predestined for this.

The fourth exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 is similar to the second exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 4 to 6. However, in the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 9 to 11, the supports 318 to 321, in particular the depressions 324 to 327, are a single-row sequence arranged. If the web 323 is of the same size, this results in much wider foot webs 328 to 331, and these too if necessary handled by hand when climbing and can be used as holding elements.

The previously described exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 11 all have in common that in these the respective supports 18 to 21 or 118 to 121 or 218 to 221 or 318 to 321, which are formed by depressions 24 to 27 or 124 to 127 or 224 to 227 or 324 to 327 are formed in a longitudinal web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323, all towards the inside and over the inner surface 14 or 114 or 214 or 314 of the shaft element 11 or 111 or 211 or 311 protrude. Each shaft element 11 or 111 or 211 or 311 is thus thickened on the inside at this point. The cross-sectional thickness of the wall 13 or 113 or 213 or 313 is also in this area, apart from the inwardly projecting web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323, the same size as on the rest of the circumferential course. The respective web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323 with its foot webs 28 to 31 or 128 to 131 or 228 to 231 or 328 to 331 thus forms a kind of ladder, the rungs of which are mentioned by the foot webs and their spars on both sides are formed by the longitudinal walls of the web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323. A ladder designed in this way increases the sense of security of the person who has to walk on a shaft composed of such shaft elements. The outer surfaces of the outer wall parts of the web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323 can also be used for gripping and as a hold when climbing. This is particularly advantageous for the second embodiment, in which the depressions 124 to 127, as far as they extend above the foot bridges 128 to 131, are very large in the vertical direction and thus offer large free spaces, so that when climbing this one Conductor structure can easily grasp the outer walls 138, 139 and also the intermediate wall 140 of the web 123 running between them.

In an embodiment not shown, the webs 23 and 123 or 223 and 323 defining walls, z. B. at the web 123, its outer walls 138, 139 and its central wall 140, measured wider in the horizontal direction than shown, these walls, e.g. the outer walls 138, 139 and the middle wall 140, protrude further beyond the foot bridges 28 to 31 or 128 to 131 or 228 to 231 or 328 to 331. This protruding part, which corresponds to the longitudinal course of the respective web 23 or 123 or. 223 or 323 also runs continuously along the length, can thus be grasped even better when climbing this ladder-shaped structure and used to a certain extent as a handrail. Thus the web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323 then has gripping parts which can be gripped by hand on the outside, these gripping parts being projecting on the outside of the web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323 and e.g. longitudinally running handrail strips are formed which are integral with the web 23 or 123 or 223 or 323.

In the fifth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 12 to 14, the supports 418 to 421 are arranged analogously to, for example, the first exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3, in particular the depressions 424 to 427 with foot webs 428 to 431, in a two-row sequence with a respective offset from one another. The fifth exemplary embodiment differs from the previous one in that in this the at least one support 418 to 421 is incorporated into the wall 413 of the shaft element 411, that is, it does not protrude inward beyond the inner surface 414. Each support 418 to 421 extends inside the wall 413 from its inner surface 414 towards its outer surface 415. As shown in FIG. 12, the arrangement of each recess 424 to 427 is chosen such that its vertical plane of symmetry is identical to a radial plane, as in the first exemplary embodiment. The shaft element 411 is through the inner worked into the wall 413 Recesses 424 to 427 weakened in cross section. For this reason, the shaft element 411 has, on the wall area on which the supports 418 to 421 incorporated into the wall 413 are located, a wall thickening 441 which, for example, is designed to be essentially continuous and, for example, is directed outwards. As shown above all in FIG. 12, the outer surface of the wall thickening 441 deviates from the round course of the outer surface 415. It is flat. The cross-section of the wall 413 increases continuously in the transition area from this round outer surface 415 to the flat outer surface of the wall thickening 441. This thickening of the wall 441 compensates for the loss of cross-section which is caused by the supports 418 to 421 incorporated into the wall 413.

A further special feature of the fifth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 12 to 14 is that the foot webs 428 to 431 do not run in a straight line, but here in an arcuate manner, this curvature adjoining that of the inner surface 414.

A further peculiarity of the fifth exemplary embodiment lies in the fact that the individual depressions 424 to 427, viewed in the vertical cross section according to FIG. 13, run approximately arcuately, all of them as shown for the depression 424, with an approximately horizontal and flat surface Complete floor 434. Compared to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments, in which the depressions, viewed in the vertical cross section, are each approximately square, for example rectangular or square, the arcuate curvature of the depressions 424 to 427 gives a different impression. This shape makes molding easier. It leads to the fact that each recess 424 to 427, viewed in the vertical section according to FIG. 13, starting from the foot web 428 to 431 outwards, ie in the direction of the outside of the wall thickening 441, and downwards sloping. An end wall delimiting the recess on the inside, as in the first to fourth exemplary embodiments, which is directed approximately at right angles to the top wall of the recess, does not therefore exist in this arch shape of the recesses 424 to 427, in which the top wall and the end wall form one due to the arch boundary inner arc surface are fused, which extends in the arc from the inner surface 414 to the bottom 434 and is spaced above the foot bridge 428 to 431.

The sixth exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 is similar in terms of the arrangement of the supports 518 to 521 to the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 9 to 11, since in the sixth exemplary embodiment the supports 518 to 521 are arranged in a single sequence with one another. Analogously to the fifth exemplary embodiment, in the sixth exemplary embodiment these supports 518 to 521 are incorporated into the wall 513 of the shaft element 511, where the resulting loss of cross-section of the wall 513 is compensated for by a wall thickening 541. The cross section of the shaft element 511 corresponds to that of the shaft element 411 of the fifth exemplary embodiment. The depressions 524 to 527 with footbridge 528 to 531 also correspond in horizontal and vertical section to the design according to FIGS. 12 to 14. Thus, the description of the fifth exemplary embodiment applies accordingly to the sixth exemplary embodiment. In comparison to the fifth exemplary embodiment, the depressions 524 to 527 in the sixth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 15 to 17, viewed in horizontal cross section, are of wider dimensions. Accordingly, there are foot webs 528 to 531, which extend over a larger circumferential angle of the curvature of the inner surface 514, that is to say are wider. This larger width may make it possible to use the protruding footbridges 528 to 531 as handles when climbing a shaft designed in this way, as previously for the others, corresponding exemplary embodiments is explained. Precisely because these footbridges 528 to 531 protrude above the bottom of the recess 524 to 527 and form strips, they are also well suited to be touched by hand.

The seventh exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 18 corresponds to the sixth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 15 to 17 with regard to the design of the shaft element 611. In deviation from this, there is a support 618, which is only visible here and which is made from a support incorporated into the wall 613 of the shaft element 611 Indentation 624 is formed, which, like the sixth exemplary embodiment, does not have an arcuate curve, as seen in the horizontal cross section, which projects above the floor, approximately horizontal foot bridge 628, but instead the foot bridge 628 runs here approximately along a secant or approximately parallel to a vertical diametral plane 632 of the shaft element 611, and thus e.g. like each footbridge 328 to 331 in the fourth embodiment.

In the eighth exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, each support 718 to 721 is likewise designed as a recess 724 to 727 which is machined into the wall 713 of the shaft element 711 and has a protruding foot bridge 728 to 731. Analogously to, for example, the sixth exemplary embodiment, the supports 718 to 721 are also arranged one below the other in a single-row sequence. In the horizontal cross section, each depression 724 to 727 has the shape of a square, in particular a rectangle, likewise in accordance with the sixth exemplary embodiment. Viewed in the horizontal cross section, each foot web 728 to 731 is curved in an arcuate manner analogous to the sixth exemplary embodiment, the curvature corresponding to that of the inner surface 714. In a departure from the sixth exemplary embodiment, however, the depressions 724 to 727, viewed in the vertical cross section, are approximately rhombic here. As is only designated for the recess 724, the recess 724 runs inside delimiting end wall 735 approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 732, which contains the central axis 712. The bottom 734 of each recess extends as seen for the recess 724, viewed in vertical cross section from the footbridge 728 outwards and downwards, the bottom 734 and the end wall 735 being at an angle of less than 90 ° to one another. The upper wall delimiting the indentation 724 at the top runs approximately parallel to the floor 734. This design of the indentations 724 to 727 results in footstocks 728 to 731 which are designed, for example, to have a slightly cutting shape, which can favor the grip when entering.

In the ninth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 22 to 24, the supports 818 to 821 are a one-piece, material-uniform component of the shaft element 811 and were also molded from the molding compound during its shaping. These supports 818 to 821 also protrude inward beyond the inner surface 814 of the shaft element 811. In contrast to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 11 of this category, in the ninth exemplary embodiment these supports 818 to 821 are formed in an intermediate wall 842 of the shaft element 811. The intermediate wall 842 runs approximately along a secant. It extends approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 832 of the shaft element 811, which contains the central axis 812. The intermediate wall 842 runs at a distance from the peripheral part of the inner surface 814 which is covered by the intermediate wall 842. To form the supports 818 to 821 in the single-track arrangement shown or also in a double-track arrangement (not shown), the intermediate wall 842 contains depressions, in particular openings 843 to 846, which are designed, for example, as rectangular windows in horizontal and vertical section. With this design, the supports 818 to 821 are thus contained within the intermediate wall 842. In another embodiment, not shown, there is also one Arrangement on the intermediate wall 842, for example projecting inwards in the same way as in the first to fourth exemplary embodiments, or projecting radially outwards, for example incorporated, analogously in the fourth to eighth exemplary embodiments. With this design, the material webs 847 to 849 of the intermediate wall 842 between the individual openings 843 to 846 of the intermediate wall 842 can be grasped by hand when climbing the conductor structure designed in this way, so that one can hold onto it.

The tenth exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 25 to 27 corresponds, for example, with regard to the design of the supports 918 to 921, which are incorporated as recesses 924 to 927 in the wall 913 of the shaft element 911 and have upstanding foot webs 928 to 931, according to the sixth exemplary embodiment 15 to 17, wherein the foot webs 928 to 931, analogously to the seventh exemplary embodiment, run approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 932. In principle, it is not the design of the supports 918 to 921 that matters in the case of the tenth exemplary embodiment, but rather the special feature that the wall thickening 941, which is intended to compensate for the resulting cross-sectional loss when the recesses 924 to 927 are made in the wall 913, to reduce the material consumption and Weight saving in the area of the outer surface 950 has recesses 951 which are open to the outside. It is particularly advantageous if these recesses 951, as shown in FIG. 26, are each provided at a level between two inner recesses 918 and 919 or 919 and 920 or 920 and 921 which follow one another vertically. It can be seen that in the intermediate area between two successive depressions in the wall thickening 941, at least in the outer area, a corresponding amount of material, in particular the amount of concrete, of the shaft element 911 is not absolutely necessary, so that material and weight can be saved in this area by recesses 951 located there. The depth of the recesses 951 is thereby determines which remaining cross-section must not be undercut for a given minimum wall thickness. In principle, the shape of the recesses 951 is immaterial. It can be chosen so that the greatest possible weight and material savings are achieved while maintaining the required minimum wall thickness.

The eleventh exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 28 to 30 is similar to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments, because in the eleventh exemplary embodiment the supports 1018 to 1021 are incorporated as in a longitudinal web 1023, inward via the inner surface 1014 Recesses 1024 to 1027 protruding towards the center are formed with towering footbridges 1028 to 1031, these supports being arranged in a single-row sequence, for example roughly analogously to the fourth exemplary embodiment. The web 1023 has two outer walls 1038, 1039 on both sides, which are aligned approximately at right angles to the vertical diametral plane 1032. The web 1023 has on its outer side, in particular on the radially inward-facing outer side of the outer walls 1038, 1039, gripping parts 1052 and 1053 which can be grasped by hand. These gripping parts 1052, 1053 are designed here as longitudinally continuous handrail strips located on the outer sides of the web 1023, in particular its outer walls 1038, 1039, which are integral with the web 1023. These gripping parts 1052, 1053, which are designed as longitudinal handrail strips, run here approximately at right angles to the outer wall 1038 or 1039 and approximately parallel to the vertical diametral plane 1032. This results in an angular shape between the outer wall 1038 and the one-piece gripping part 1052 in the form of the continuous handrail strip, wherein the same applies correspondingly to the other outer wall 1039 and the gripping part 1053 which is integral therewith. Each gripping part 1052, 1053 is also provided with a bead 1054 or 1055, which extends over the rear surface of the gripping part 1052 or 1053 in the direction of Inner surface 1014 protrudes and extends at least approximately parallel to the outer wall 1038 or 1039. The bead 1054, 1055 not only contributes to the material reinforcement, but each gripping part 1052, 1053 together with this bead 1054 or 1055 has a particularly handy handrail, which can be gripped by hand when climbing the ladder-shaped structure created by the supports 1018 to 1021 can, whereby the security when walking and entering this ladder-shaped structure is further increased. The effort for the additional shaping of the gripping parts 1052, 1053 with bead 1054 or 1055 is small in relation to the improvement achieved.

As shown in FIG. 30, deviating from the previous embodiments, the upper wall closing the recess 1024 to 1027 at the top is slightly curved, and is convexly curved upwards. Another peculiarity is that the base 1034, which is indicated only in the recess 1024, starting from the footbridge 1028 in the radial direction and sloping downwards along an inclined surface, as is also the case with the base in the eighth embodiment the case is. At the deepest point, however, the bottom 1034 has no connection to the wall 1013, but there is a downwardly open passage 1033 in the bottom 1034, which here is approximately slit-shaped and extends over the entire width of the footbridge 1028. The slope of the floor 1034 has the advantage that any liquids, impurities or the like, which could settle on the floor 1034, slide backwards due to the slope and are flushed backwards and then flow down through the passage 1033, so that the depressions 1024 to 1027 experience particularly good self-cleaning in this floor area.

The twelfth exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 31 to 33 corresponds to the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 9 to 11, with the only difference that in the twelfth exemplary embodiment the web 1123 is analogous to the eleventh exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 28 to 30 on the outside of the outer walls 1138, 1139 is provided with handle parts 1152, 1153 and bead 1154 or 1155 and handrails designed in this way.

Claims (32)

1. Shaft element made from molding material, particularly from concrete, concrete/polymer composite, sulfur concrete or the like concrete materials, ceramic materials, plastics or the like, e.g. a shaft ring, vertical shaft, pipe or the like, which contains in its interior at least one support (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 218 to 221; 318 to 321; 418 to 421; 518 to 521; 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921; 1018 to 2021; 1118) on which a person can step and which is an integral component part of the shaft element (11 to 111) made from the molding material of the latter, characterized in that the respective support (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 218 to 221: 318 to 321; 418 to 421; 518 to 521; 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921; 1018 to 1021; 1118) is constructed in the region of a thickened wall portion (22; 122; 222; 322; 1022; 1122; 441; 541; 641; 741; 941) or at or in an internal intermediate wall (842) of the shaft element (11; 111; 211; 311; 811; 1011; 1111; 411; 511; 611; 711; 811; 911), said thickened wall portion being an integral component part of said shaft element and formed of the same molding material.
2. Shaft element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the thickened wall portion is constructed as an inner thickened wall portion (22; 122: S22; 322; 1022; 1122).
3. Shaft element according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the inner thickened wall portion (22; 122; 222; 322; 1022; 1122) is constructed substantially as a ridge (23, 123, 223, 323; 1023; 1123) which extends substantially longitudinally, e.g. along an inner surface line of the shaft element (11; 111; 211; 311; 1011; 1111).
4. Shaft element according to claim 3,
   characterized in that the respective ridge (23; 123; 232; 323; 1023; 1123) has a considerable width, and in that at least one support (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 218 to 221; 318 to 321; 1018 to 1021; 1118) is formed by a recess (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 1024 to 1027; 1124) in the interior of the thickened wall portion, particularly the ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023; 1123).
5. Shaft element according to claim 3 or 4,
   characterized in that the ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023: 1123) has the approximate shape of a longitudinal ledge.
6. Shaft element according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the respective ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023; 1123) has gripping parts (1052, 1053; 1152, 1153) at its outer side which can be grasped by the hand.
7. Shaft element according to claim 6,
   characterized in that the gripping parts (1052, 1053, 1152, 1153) are constructed as handrail strips which are situated on the outer sides of the ridge (1023; 1123), e.g. project out transversely and are preferably longitudinally continuous, and are integral with the ridge (1023; 1123).
8. Shaft element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the intermediate wall (842) extends approximately along a secant and/or approximately parallel to a vertical diametral plane (832) of the shaft element (811).
9. Shaft element according to claim 1 or 8,
   characterized in that the intermediate wall (842) extends at a distance from the part of the inner surface (814) of the shaft element (811) covered by the intermediate wall (842).
10. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 and 8, respectively, or 9, characterized in that the intermediate wall (842) contains recesses, particularly openings (843 to 846), e.g. windows, arranged in single or double formation to form one or more supports (818 to 821).
11. Shaft element according to claim 10,
    characterized in that the thickened wall portion (441; 541; 641; 741; 941) is directed outward and e.g. is substantially longitudinally continuous.
12. Shaft element according to claim 11,
    characterized in that the thickened wall portion (441; 541; 641; 741; 941) has cut out portions (951) which open outward.
13. Shaft element according to claim 12
    characterized in that the cut out portions (951) are provided vertically between two inner recesses (924 to 927) arranged vertically one above the other.
14. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the supports (218 to 221; 318 to 321; 518 to 521; 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921: 1018 to 1021; 1118), particularly the recesses (224 to 227; 324 to 327; 524 to 527; 624; 724 to 727; 824 to 827; 924 to 927; 1024 to 1027; 1124) are arranged in single formation one above the other.
15. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the supports (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 418 to 421), particularly recesses (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 424 to 427), are arranged in double formation so as to be laterally and vertically offset relative to one another.
16. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the supports, particularly the recesses (424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 924 to 927), extend in an approximately curved manner as seen in vertical cross section.
17. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the supports, particularly recesses (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 724 to 727; 824 to 827; 1024 to 1027; 1124), are approximately quadrangular, e.g. have a rectangular, square or rhombic (Figs. 19 to 21) or like shape as seen in vertical cross section.
18. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the supports (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 218 to 221; 318 to 321; 418 to 421; 518 to 521; 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921; 1018 to 1021; 1118), particularly recesses (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 724 to 727; 843 to 846; 924 to 927; 1024 to 1027; 1124) which are introduced in the ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023; 1123), the intermediate wall (842) or the wall (413; 513; 613; 713; 913) of the shaft element (11 to 1111), have a considerable width.
19. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the supports (18 to 21; 118 to 121; 218 to 221; 318 to 321; 418 to 421; 518 to 521; 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921; 1018 to 1021; 1118), particularly recesses (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 724 to 727; 843 to 846; 924 to 927; 1024 to 1027; 1124) which are introduced in the ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023; 1123), the intermediate wall (842) or the wall (413; 513; 613; 713; 913) of the shaft element (11 to 1111) have a foot crosspiece (28 to 31; 128 to 131; 228 to 231; 328 to 331; 428 to 431; 528 to 531; 628; 728 to 731; 828 to 831; 928 to 931; 1028 to 2031; 1128) adjoining at the inner surface of the ridge (23; 123; 223; 323; 1023; 1123), at the inner surface of the intermediate wall (842), or at the inner surface (414; 514; 614; 714: 924) of the wall (413; 513; 613; 713; 913), which foot crosspiece (28 to 31; 128 to 131; 228 to 231; 328 to 331; 428 to 431; 528 to 531; 628; 728 to 731; 828 to 831; 928 to 931; 1028 to 2031; 1128) projects upward and extends approximately horizontally and can likewise be gripped with the hand.
20. Shaft element according to claim 19,
    characterized in that the foot crosspiece (28 to 31; 128 to 131; 228 to 231; 328 to 331; 428 to 431; 528 to 531; 628; 728 to 731; 828 and 831; 928 to 931; 1028 to 1031; 1128) has a preferably textured, substantially planar upper side.
21. Shaft element according to claim 19 or 20,
    characterized in that the foot crosspiece (28 to 31; 128 to 131; 228 to 231; 328 to 331; 628; 828 to 831; 928 to 931; 1028 to 1031; 1128) extends in a straight line, or in that the foot crosspiece (428 to 431; 528 to 531; 728 to 731) curves in an arch-shaped manner.
22. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the support, particularly the recess (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 724 to 727; 824 to 827; 924 to 927; 1024 to 1027; 1124) is constructed in an approximately box-shaped manner as seen in horizontal and/or vertical cross section.
23. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the base (34; 134; 234; 334; 434; 534; 634; 834; 934; 1134) of the recess (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 843 to 846; 924 to 927; 1124) extends approximately horizontally.
24. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the base (734, 1034) of the recess (724 to 727; 1024 to 1027) extends outward and downward proceeding from the foot crosspiece (728 to 731; 1028 to 1031).
25. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the end wall (35; 135; 235; 335; 1035; 1135) defining the interior of the recess (24 to 27; 124 to 127; 224 to 227; 324 to 327; 1024 to 1027; 1124) extends in a substantially curved manner as seen in horizontal cross section, or in that the end wall defining the interior of the recess (424 to 427; 524 to 527; 624; 724 to 727; 924 to 927) extends substantially in a straight line as seen in horizontal cross section.
26. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the recess (124 to 127; 324 to 327; 1024 to 1027; 1124) has at least one downwardly open passage (133; 333; 1033; 1133) on the base side.
27. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the respective support (18 to 21; 188 to 121; 218 to 221; 318 to 321; 418 to 421; 518 to 521: 618; 718 to 721; 818 to 821; 918 to 921; 1018 to 1021; 1118) is provided with a coat of paint.
28. Shaft element according to claim 27,
    characterized in that the coat of paint is a protective coating, e.g. protective paint, which preferably protects against corrosion.
29. Shaft element according to claim 27 or 28,
    characterized in that the coat of paint is an identifying color, e.g. a luminous color.
30. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that it is made from concrete having a water/cement ratio of 0.4 or less.
31. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that it is compacted, particularly vibro-compacted.
32. Shaft element according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized by its shaping by compaction and subsequent immediate release from the mold.

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