EP4212683A1 - Spacer, assemblies comprising at least one such spacer and method for erecting a building element - Google Patents

Abstract

A spacer is proposed, in particular for adjusting the distance between a reinforcement and a formwork element. The spacer (2) has a first partial element (2a) with a first end face (4a) and a second partial element (2b) with a second end face (4b) which is connected to the first partial element (2a) in a detachable and/or adjustable manner is. At least one receptacle (8, 8a-d) is arranged on the first end face (4a), which is designed to at least partially accommodate a component, in particular a reinforcement (26, 36), and is the length of the spacer (2). can be varied in the longitudinal direction (A) by moving the first sub-element (2a) and/or the second sub-element (2b).

Description

The invention relates to a spacer, in particular for adjusting the distance between a reinforcement and a formwork element, arrangements with at least one such spacer, and a method for erecting a building element with at least one such spacer.

Formwork is set up when walls are erected, whereby a minimum concrete cover, i.e. a minimum distance between the reinforcement and the concrete surface of the wall or formwork, must be observed. To comply with the minimum concrete cover, spacers can be used, for example, which are pushed onto the reinforcements from above or which are connected to the formwork. Different spacers are provided for different distances between reinforcement and formwork and/or different reinforcement diameters.

U.S. 2004/0035064 A1 discloses a device for adjusting the distance between a horizontal floor and a horizontal building surface. The apparatus has a base to be erected on the horizontal floor and a head portion disposed on an end opposite to the base, and a horizontal building surface can be supported on the head portion. The device is not suitable for receiving reinforcements.

DE 1 659 233 A discloses a spacer for crossing reinforcing bars and reinforcing mesh in reinforced concrete. The spacer sets a fixed distance between the reinforcing bars and a formwork, and is not capable of variably setting the distance as needed.

U.S. 10,273,692 B1 proposes a device for positioning reinforcing bars between two formwork panels. The device includes a support rod on which is mounted at least one rod clamp. The position of the bar clamp on the The support bar is adjustable, whereby it is not the length of the device or the support bar that can be changed, only the position of the clamp on the support bar.

EP 3 047 081 B1 discloses a spacer for a reinforcing layer for adjusting a distance between the reinforcing layer and a formwork. The spacer includes a spacer body releasably connected to a fastener assembly, the spacer body having a fixed length. The distance can be changed by inserting a spacer body with a different length. The object of the invention is to provide a spacer that can be used flexibly and is inexpensive, a flexible and efficient arrangement with at least one spacer, and a simple and efficient method for erecting a building element with such a spacer.

This object is solved with the features of claims 1, 11, 12, 13 and 14, respectively. Advantageous configurations are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

According to claim 1, a spacer is provided, in particular for adjusting the distance between a reinforcement and a formwork element. The spacer has a first partial element with a first end face and a second partial element with a second end face, which is releasably and/or adjustably connected to the first partial element. At least one receptacle is arranged on the first end face, which receptacle is designed to at least partially accommodate a component, in particular a reinforcement. The length of the spacer can be varied in the longitudinal direction by adjusting the first or second partial element relative to the second or first partial element. Since the length can be varied by relative adjustment, it is of equal importance whether the first partial element is adjusted relative to the second partial element or vice versa, or whether both partial elements are adjusted simultaneously. The length of the spacer can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction, for example, by shifting and/or rotating the first partial element relative to the second partial element. The 'accommodating or partially accommodating' here means that the component is or can be accommodated in the longitudinal direction of the spacer in its entire cross section at the accommodated point or only with a part of its cross section.

The spacer preferably has a first end face and a second end face opposite the first end face. The first face of the spacer preferably corresponds to the first face of the first partial element and/or the second face of the spacer corresponds to the second face of the second partial element.

The distance between the first and second face of the spacer preferably corresponds to the total length of the spacer in the longitudinal direction. Varying the length of the spacer preferably changes the overall length of the spacer. With this setting of the length of the spacer, the distance between the structural element and the formwork element is set when the spacer is used.

When the spacer is used or when the spacer, formwork element and component are arranged, the second end face preferably bears against the formwork element; the second end face particularly advantageously bears parallel to or on a surface of the formwork element. Alternatively or additionally, when using the spacer or when arranging the spacer, formwork element and component, it is advantageous to accommodate the component outside and/or in front of the first end face in at least one of the receptacles (i.e. the at least one receptacle extends away from the first end face). . The component is particularly preferably accommodated in at least one receptacle in such a way that the component runs parallel to the first end face. More preferably, the component is accommodated in at least two or in precisely two of the at least one receptacle. In other words, in the latter case, at least two receptacles are provided on the first end face.

When erecting walls, for example vertical walls, on construction sites, formwork elements (formwork) are set up on a base plate for lateral delimitation. The space between these formwork elements is then filled with liquid concrete, which forms the wall after hardening. Within the formwork, reinforcements (eg reinforcing steel rods) preferably protrude perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly from a base plate, for example by 50 to 60 cm. The wall is to be connected in a non-positive manner with these reinforcements. These protruding reinforcements are usually cast with the floor slab. Additional reinforcements, for example in the form of reinforcement mats or welded wire mesh, can be attached to these reinforcements to reinforce or force-locking connection of the wall cast thereon. The reinforcement mats are positioned vertically or essentially vertically within the formwork and connected to the reinforcements that protrude from the base plate, for example by wire or similar connecting means. Spacers are also preferably arranged over the area of the reinforcement or reinforcing steel mats, which establish the distance to the formwork element. For example, at the top of the Arranged mat spacers that align the mat after the (e.g. vertical) alignment of the formwork element within the formwork so that the concrete cover between the mat and the outside of the concrete wall (= inside of the formwork element) remains guaranteed. As a result, it is not necessary to provide different spacers in the floor area and in the surface area of the concrete wall to be cast.

The distance later filled with concrete between the concrete surface and the outer edge of the reinforcement is called the concrete cover. A minimum concrete cover of 20 to 50 mm, for example, is required to prevent the cast reinforcement from rusting and to ensure the necessary durability of the component and sufficient fire resistance through the concrete cover.

The minimum concrete cover is guaranteed by using the spacer. A number of spacers distributed over the formwork are preferably used when erecting a wall. The spacers are particularly preferably positioned in the lower and upper area of the wall.

The spacer is preferably attached, slipped on or mounted with its first sub-element with the receptacle on the reinforcement. The spacer can then be placed against the formwork, e.g. of a vertical wall, by adjusting the second partial element with the free side of the second partial element.

The reinforcements of the reinforcement mats or the reinforcements that protrude from the base plate are often not arranged in a line. As a result, the distances between the reinforcements of a wall to be erected and the formwork, which are positioned in a desired distance plane, vary. Accordingly, the reinforcements are not arranged in a plane parallel to the desired spacing plane of the formwork. The spacer makes it possible to individually adjust the length of each spacer to the different distances between formwork and reinforcement.

The spacer can also be used, for example, when constructing a staircase between the casing of the staircase and its reinforcement in order to ensure a minimum concrete cover. In this case, the spacer is preferably firmly connected to the casing with its second partial element. For this purpose, the second sub-element can have an opening on the second end face, by means of which the spacer with the reinforcement can be attached, for example, by a nail to the Cladding of the stairs can be attached. After the cladding of the stairs with the attached spacer has been attached or assembled, the at least one receptacle of the spacer at least partially accommodates a reinforcement of the stairs. Preferably, when used on a stairway, a plurality of spacers distributed over the formwork, preferably attached to the outside of the reinforcement and/or the inside of the formwork elements, are arranged.

The "longitudinal direction" corresponds to the direction of the "longitudinal axis" of the spacer, which in turn is the axis running in the direction of longer dimension of the spacer. In the installed state of the spacer, the “longitudinal axis” is preferably perpendicular or essentially perpendicular to the reinforcement of the component and/or the casing.

Preferably, the first and second sub-elements are arranged concentrically with one another, i.e. the sub-elements share a common longitudinal axis. The first and second partial elements are particularly preferably designed as round and/or essentially rotationally symmetrical bodies with respect to the longitudinal axis (for example apart from the openings and receptacles).

The cross-sectional shape, i.e. perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, of the first and second partial elements is preferably identical or essentially identical, particularly preferably with different scaling. For example, the first and second sub-element can have a round or rectangular or square cross-section, the cross-section of the first or second sub-element preferably being smaller than that of the other sub-element.

The spacer has a peripheral wall which is delimited by the first end face and second end face of the spacer and the first and second partial elements. The first sub-element and the second sub-element are preferably designed around the peripheral wall in the form of a ring-shaped or cylindrical element. Alternatively, the partial elements can also have any other conceivable shape.

A component (eg reinforcement) is preferably “received” by clamping the component within the receptacle, so that a non-positive connection can be produced between the component and the spacer. The receptacle(s) of the spacer is/are designed in such a way that the spacer can be “clamped” or “snapped” onto the component.

The at least one receptacle preferably extends in the longitudinal direction or parallel or essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacer. The receptacle is particularly preferably open on the first end face, so that the receptacle on the end face can be plugged or clamped onto a reinforcement. The receptacles are preferably recesses or recesses in a side wall or side wall of the first partial element.

By attaching a spacer to the side of a reinforcement, quick and easy assembly and disassembly of the spacer is possible.

Herein the "side wall" (or also called "peripheral wall") is preferably the wall running around the longitudinal axis (which may have partial openings).

The first partial element and the second partial element are preferably connected to one another via a thread and/or a multi-stage locking tooth system, the length of the spacer being adjustable in the longitudinal direction by turning the thread and/or moving the first and second partial elements relative to one another.

Alternatively or additionally, the length of the spacer is in a range of 2 to 4 cm, 3 to 5 cm, 3.5 to 5 cm, 4 to 6 cm or 5 to 9 cm by twisting and/or shifting the first and second partial elements adjustable, and/or the maximum longitudinal extent of the spacer is at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the longitudinal extent of the first or second partial element.

By adjusting the length, the spacer can be individually adapted to the respective distance between the reinforcement and the casing. The thread allows stepless adjustment or adjustment of the length of the spacer in its longitudinal direction or along the longitudinal axis. This results in an optimal adaptation of the spacer to the distance between the reinforcement and the formwork.

Either the first partial element can form the internal thread and the second partial element can form the associated external thread (i.e. the external thread screwed into the internal thread) or vice versa.

In the case of a ratchet toothing, either the ratchet teeth on the first partial element and the recesses which hold the ratchet teeth in different positions along the longitudinal axis of the spacer, be attached to the second partial element, or vice versa. The locking teeth can preferably be adjusted at intervals of 2, 4, 6 or 8 mm. The latching connection is preferred, for example, if the base body or the basic shape of the first and/or second partial element is not circular or cylindrical but elliptical, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, hexagonal or octagonal.

The longitudinal extent of the second partial element preferably corresponds or approximately corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the first partial element minus the depth of the at least one receptacle in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively or additionally, the height (expansion in the longitudinal direction) of the second partial element relative to the height of the first partial element is in the range of 20-40%, 35-55%, 40-70% and particularly preferably in the range of 60-80%. Due to the fact that the second partial element is shorter than the first partial element, two spacers can be coupled to one another more easily and without or only slight adjustment of the second partial element in the first partial element (see below).

Preferably, the user can move and/or rotate the first and second partial elements directly by hand.

The first partial element preferably has a large number of receptacles on the first end face. As an alternative or in addition, the first end face is in the form of a crown or toothed ring.

The receptacles are preferably arranged on the circumference of the first partial element, and/or receptacles located opposite one another are each identical or essentially identical in design, or two of the receptacles are paired with one another in terms of the size of the receptacle.

The 'size/width' of a socket can be a fixed or constant size or a distance between the side walls of the socket or the side walls of teeth or crown teeth.

Alternatively or additionally, the plurality of receptacles includes one receptacle or pairs of receptacles that differ in the size of the receptacle from the size of another receptacle or pair of receptacles, preferably at least three recordings or pairs of recordings are arranged, which have different sizes of recording from each other.

The receptacles are preferably designed in such a way that different receptacles can accommodate reinforcements of different strengths or thicknesses. This makes it possible to use the same spacer for different reinforcements. The reinforcement mats and thus the diameter of the reinforcing steel rods can be different. For example, reinforcement mats with different diameters are used in different countries.

The spacer preferably has at least 4, 6, 8 or 10 receptacles. The spacer particularly preferably has an even number of receptacles, which are preferably distributed uniformly and/or rotationally symmetrically in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis of the first partial element. The recordings are preferably arranged mirror-symmetrically.

By means of receptacles arranged opposite one another, which are identical or of the same width, the spacer can be plugged or clamped onto a reinforcement or rebar with two receptacles located opposite one another at the same time. This results in an improved hold and/or anti-twist protection of the spacer on the reinforcement. The entire process of erecting a wall is thus simplified, since displacement or twisting of the spacers after installation, for example due to the effect of the concrete to be poured, is counteracted.

Alternatively, each receptacle can be designed with a different size, so that reinforcements with different diameters can be accommodated with each receptacle.

Preferably, the crown-like or toothed ring-like formation of the end face has a multiplicity of teeth or teeth which extend in the longitudinal direction or predominantly in the longitudinal direction and/or the distance between the teeth or teeth is different. The at least one receptacle is formed by the space or area between the tines or teeth.

Preferably, the distances between prongs or teeth, which are arranged offset by 180° on the end face, are the same. Preferably between the tines or teeth a V-shaped or trough-shaped or trough-shaped cutout or one that tapers in the longitudinal direction.

• eine erste Aufnahme oder ein erstes Aufnahmepaar mit einer ersten Weite, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 4 - 7 mm,
• eine zweite Aufnahme oder ein zweites Aufnahmepaar mit einer zweiten von der ersten unterschiedlichen Weite, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 6 - 9 mm,
• eine dritte Aufnahme oder ein drittes Aufnahmepaar mit einer dritten von der ersten und zweiten unterschiedlichen Weite im Bereich von 8 - 12 mm.

The width of the at least one receptacle or one receptacle of the plurality of receptacles or a pair of receptacles of the plurality of receptacles is preferably in the range of 4-12 mm, 4-7 mm, 6-9 mm, or 8-12 mm. The large number of receptacles particularly preferably has one or more receptacles or pairs of receptacles with the following receptacle widths (preferably three or four receptacles/pairs of receptacles):

• a first receptacle or a first pair of receptacles with a first width, preferably in the range of 4 - 7 mm,
• a second receptacle or a second pair of receptacles with a second width different from the first, preferably in the range of 6 - 9 mm,
• a third receptacle or pair of receptacles having a third width different from the first and second in the range of 8-12mm.

In addition or as an alternative to the large number of recordings or a pair of recordings that differ in the size of the recording from the size of another recording or another pair of recordings, the width of a recording can preferably change with the depth of the recording, for example the recording tapers with increasing depth (at least on average).

Due to the large number of recordings or a pair of recordings, which differ in the size of the recording from the size of another recording or another pair of recordings and/or due to the narrowing of the width of a recording, the spacer can be clamped onto components (reinforcement bars) of different thicknesses .

In particular, due to the narrowing of a receptacle, the spacer can be plugged onto different reinforcements, for example with a diameter of 6-7 mm, with the same receptacle. With a diameter of 6 mm, the reinforcement is pushed deeper into the receptacle or the spacer is pushed deeper onto the reinforcement than is the case with a reinforcement with a diameter of 7 mm. Alternatively or preferably, the flanks of the receptacles are designed to be flexible or deformable (eg plastically deformable), so that the flanks deform or widen when the spacer is pushed onto a reinforcement that has a diameter in the diameter range at the other end. The deformation of the flanks also makes it possible to use larger reinforcements Introduce diameter completely into the recording, ie a side wall of the reinforcement comes to rest at the deepest area of the recording and is thus recorded to the maximum extent. In order to make the flanks of the receptacle easier to deform, the wall thickness of the receptacle in the region of the flanks is reduced or made elastic, for example.

By providing receptacles of different or graduated widths and/or by tapering receptacles, components of different thicknesses can be clamped over a large thickness range of the components without having to keep differently adapted spacers ready. Due to the fact that one recording covers the recording of several diameters at the same time due to the taper, there is more space on the spacer for attachment of further recordings that cover other thickness ranges. This increases the possible uses of the spacer.

As an alternative to attaching the spacer with the receptacle of the first partial element to a reinforcement, the spacer can be fastened to the component or the reinforcement with the second end face of the second partial element. I.e. the receptacles on the first sub-element are arranged facing away from the reinforcement. The attachment of the second partial element to an armouring can take place, for example, by means of a wire or similar attachment means. The spacer preferably has corresponding openings on the first end face or on its free end, through which, for example, a wire can be threaded, which in turn can then be fastened to the reinforcement.

The attachment of a spacer with the second end face to a reinforcement is preferably carried out in the case of reinforcements with large diameters, for example with diameters greater than 12 mm. In the case of reinforcements with diameters of, for example, 14, 16, 20, 25, 28, 32 or 40 mm, a spacer is preferably attached to the reinforcement by means of the second end face of the second partial element.

The inside diameter of the first or second partial element is preferably greater than or equal to the outside diameter of the second or first partial element. Alternatively or additionally, the first or second partial element can be accommodated completely or almost completely in the second or first partial element. Alternatively or additionally, the first or second sub-element is designed without end faces or is continuously open in the longitudinal direction.

The cross-sectional shape, i.e. perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, of the first and second partial elements is preferably identical or essentially identical with different scaling. For example, the first and second sub-element can have a round or rectangular or square cross-section, the cross-section of the first or second sub-element preferably being smaller than that of the other sub-element. As a result, the first or second partial element can be accommodated at least partially in the second or first partial element. By shortening the longitudinal extent of the spacer by adjusting the first and second partial element relative to one another, the first or second partial element is increasingly accommodated in the other partial element. The second sub-element can preferably be accommodated completely or essentially completely in the first sub-element.

The spacer preferably has an end face on the second end face which has openings for attachment to a reinforcement and/or a casing.

As described above, the spacer for large reinforcement diameters, for example greater than 12 mm, using z. B. a wire that is threaded through the openings, are attached to the armor.

The spacer can also be used when building a staircase. Here, the spacer may be attached to the stair casing using one of the openings on the second face by a fastener such as a nail.

Preferably, at least a part of the second sub-element in the area of the opening through which the fastening means protrudes tears off after the concrete of the stairs has hardened when the casing is loosened, so that the fastening means does not remain in the stairs. As a result, a risk of rusting due to the fastening means can be prevented, for example.

The openings are preferably arranged in a base element, the base element being connected to the second partial element via web elements which protrude inwards from the peripheral wall of the second partial element. The base element is preferably connected to the second partial element via at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 web elements.

The floor element of the spacer, which is connected to the floor element by means of a fastening means with the formwork of a stair, preferably tears out of the second partial element when the formwork of the stairway is loosened with the fastening means.

The spacer preferably has a first coupling element and/or a second coupling element, wherein the first and/or second coupling element can be coupled in the longitudinal direction with a coupling element of a further spacer, in particular a first partial element of a further spacer. The first partial element preferably has a first coupling element and the second partial element has a second coupling element, it being possible for the first and second coupling elements to be coupled to one another. The first and second coupling elements are preferably paired with one another. A non-positive connection is preferably formed by the coupling between the first and second coupling element.

The first coupling element is preferably formed by at least a part of the outer surface of the peripheral wall of the first partial element and the second coupling element is formed by at least a part of the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the first partial element. Preferably, the first and second coupling element is ring-shaped. The first coupling element is particularly preferably a bead arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral wall of the first partial element. When coupling two spacers or one spacer to another first sub-element, the second spacer (or the first sub-element of the second spacer) is inserted with its first coupling element in the longitudinal direction into the first sub-element of the first spacer. The second spacer (in particular the first partial element of the second spacer) is preferably clamped in the first spacer and coupled thereby. A stop can be provided on the second coupling element of the first spacer (in particular the first partial element of the second spacer). An end face of the second spacer (in particular of the first part element of the second spacer) arranged on an end face of the first partial element opposite the first end face (ie opposite end of the first partial element) can hit the stop during coupling. Thus, the maximum longitudinal insertion of the first sub-element of the second spacer into the first spacer is limited.

Due to the linkability, two identical spacers can be linked together and the adjustment range is further increased. In this way it is possible to bridge larger distances between the reinforcement and the casing if the maximum longitudinal extension of the spacer is not sufficient for this.

The first coupling element of a first spacer can preferably be coupled to the second coupling element of a second spacer, and the second coupling element of the first spacer can be coupled to the first coupling element of a third spacer. In this way, a plurality of spacers or a plurality of first partial elements, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, can be coupled to one spacer.

The spacer is preferably designed in such a way that a plurality of spacers can be at least partially plugged into or received in one another in the longitudinal direction. This enables space-saving storage of a number of spacers and/or space-saving shipping of a number of spacers in a packaging means, such as a box, for example. Storage and/or packaging or shipping costs can thus be reduced.

Preferably, the first end face has a first end face and/or the second end face has a second end face, the first and/or second end face being at least partially open, and the peripheral wall between the first end face and the second end face having a multiplicity of openings .

Due to the fact that the spacer has openings in all or almost all directions, it is possible for the liquid concrete to flow into the interior of the installed spacer during pouring and to fill it completely or substantially completely. By completely or almost completely filling the spacer, a particularly good connection between the concrete and the spacer is achieved. This avoids cavities that could represent potential fracture points or weak points in the concrete or the cast component.

The openings are preferably arranged uniformly and/or rotationally symmetrically along the peripheral wall. The openings on the peripheral wall of the first and/or second partial element are particularly preferably identical or essentially identical (ie the same shape and/or size).

The 'peripheral wall' here is the side wall running around the longitudinal axis of the spacer and is composed of the peripheral wall of the first and the second partial element. The openings in the peripheral wall can therefore be provided in the first or second partial element, preferably in both partial elements.

The openings in the first and second partial elements are preferably arranged in such a way that liquid concrete can flow from the outside via the peripheral wall into the inside of the spacer, regardless of the set length of the spacer in the longitudinal direction. That is, the openings in the peripheral wall of the first (second) partial element are designed in such a way that the openings are not completely closed or covered by the peripheral wall of the second (first) partial element in any setting of the spacer with regard to the longitudinal extent.

The spacer is preferably made of an alkali-resistant material, preferably made of plastic, such as PP, PE or HDPE. The spacer or the first sub-element and the second sub-element are preferably produced by injection molding. 3D printing, for example, can be used as an alternative manufacturing process.

Furthermore, an arrangement is provided which has an armouring and at least one spacer as described above and/or below, the spacer being clamped onto the armouring, in that the armouring is at least partially accommodated in the receptacle of the spacer.

Furthermore, an arrangement is provided which has a first spacer as described above and/or below, and a second spacer as described above and/or below, wherein a first (or second) coupling element of the first spacer is connected to a second (or first) Coupling element of the second spacer is coupled.

The first coupling element is preferably arranged on the first partial element and the second coupling element is arranged on the second partial element. The first and second coupling elements of a first and second spacer are preferably designed for a non-positive (and preferably releasable) connection with one another or paired with one another. A plurality of spacers that are coupled to one another are preferably not damaged during decoupling and can continue to be used.

The receptacle for the first or second spacer of the arrangement is preferably attached or clamped to a reinforcement.

Furthermore, an arrangement is provided, comprising: a first and second spacer as described above and/or below, a first reinforcement to which the first spacer is attached, a second reinforcement to which the second spacer is attached, and the first reinforcement, and a form member leaning against the first and second spacers. The length of the spacers is adjusted in such a way that a desired spacing plane is formed for the formwork element.

By adjusting the length along the longitudinal axis, the two spacers enable a desired spacing plane, even if the reinforcements are not in a plane parallel to the desired spacing plane.

• Anbringen eines ersten und zweiten Abstandshalters wie oben und/oder unten beschrieben mit der Aufnahme an einer ersten und zweiten Armierung, wobei die erste Armierung und zweite Armierung zueinander beabstandet sind,
• Einstellen der Länge der Abstandshalter durch Verschieben der zweiten Teilelemente auf eine gewünschte Mindestbetondeckung,
• Aufstellen eines ersten Schalungselements, das gegen die zweiten Stirnseiten der Abstandshalter lehnt, und optional
• Aufstellen eines zweiten Schalungselements mit Abstandshaltern wie beim ersten Schalungselement, wobei die Abstandshalter an Armierungen angebracht werden, die den zweiten Stirnseiten des ersten und zweiten Abstandshalters abgewandt angeordnet sind, und
• Vergießen von flüssigem Beton zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Schalungselement.

Furthermore, a method for erecting a building element, in particular a wall or a staircase, is provided, which has:

• Attaching a first and second spacer as described above and/or below with the receptacle on a first and second reinforcement, the first reinforcement and second reinforcement being spaced apart from one another,
• Adjusting the length of the spacers by moving the second partial elements to a desired minimum concrete cover,
• erecting a first formwork element leaning against the second faces of the spacers, and optional
• erecting a second formwork element with spacers as in the case of the first formwork element, the spacers being attached to reinforcements which are arranged away from the second end faces of the first and second spacers, and
• Pouring liquid concrete between the first and second formwork element.

The building element can be a wall, such as a vertical wall, or a staircase.

In the case of a vertical wall, the first and second reinforcement are preferably reinforcements that are perpendicular or in the edge region of the wall to be erected Are arranged essentially vertically, particularly preferably the outer reinforcements of a vertical wall. The first and second formwork elements correspond to the front and rear formwork of the vertical wall, which are set up perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly on a base plate. Additional spacers can also be attached to reinforcements that are arranged between the first and second reinforcements. Alternatively or additionally, further spacers can be attached to reinforcements that are not arranged between the first and second reinforcement if the first and/or second reinforcement do not represent the outer reinforcements of the wall. Several spacers can also be attached to a reinforcement, for example to the first reinforcement, at different vertical positions, preferably one spacer each at the lower and upper end of the reinforcement.

Individual features can be claimed in any combination or sub-combination with each other. As functional features, features of the method can also be combined with features of the holding element and/or the arrangements as an individual feature or in any sub-combination of features. Conversely, features of the holding element and/or the arrangements can be combined with features of the method. Features of the method can also be combined with one another as an individual feature or in any sub-combination of features.

Fig. 1

eine schematische und perspektivische Darstellung eines Abstandshalters,

Fig. 2A

eine schematische und perspektivische Darstellung eines zweiten Teilelements des Abstandshalters aus Fig. 1,

Fig. 2B

eine weitere schematische und perspektivische Darstellung des zweiten Teilelements aus Fig. 2A,

Fig. 3A

eine schematische und perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Teilelements des Abstandshalters aus Fig. 1,

Fig. 3B

eine weitere schematische und perspektivische Darstellung des ersten Teilelements aus Fig. 3A,

Fig. 3C

eine Stirnseitige Ansicht des ersten Teilelements aus Fig. 3A in axiale Richtung,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung mit einem Abstandshalter aus Fig. 1 gekoppelt mit einem weiteren ersten Teilelement,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung mit einem Treppenschalungselement und Abstandshaltern aus Fig. 1, und

Fig. 6

eine schematische und perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Anordnung mit einem Schalungselement einer Wand und Abstandshaltern aus Fig. 1.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to figures. Show it:

1

a schematic and perspective representation of a spacer,

Figure 2A

a schematic and perspective view of a second sub-element of the spacer 1 ,

Figure 2B

a further schematic and perspective view of the second partial element Figure 2A ,

Figure 3A

a schematic and perspective view of a first sub-element of the spacer 1 ,

Figure 3B

a further schematic and perspective representation of the first partial element Figure 3A ,

Figure 3C

an end view of the first partial element Figure 3A in axial direction,

4

a schematic representation of an arrangement with a spacer 1 coupled with a further first sub-element,

figure 5

a schematic representation of an arrangement with a stair formwork element and spacers 1 , and

6

a schematic and perspective representation of a further arrangement with a formwork element of a wall and spacers 1 .

1 shows a schematic and perspective representation of a spacer 2. Figure 2A and 2 B show schematic and perspective representations of a second sub-element 3b of the spacer 2 from 1 . Figure 3A and Figure 3B show schematic and perspective representations of a first sub-element 3a of the spacer 2 from 1 .

The spacer 2 has the first partial element 3a with a first end face 4a, and the second partial element 3b with a second end face 4b. Preferably, the first end face of the first partial element 3a corresponds to a first end face of the spacer 2 and the second end face of the second partial element 3b to a second end face of the spacer 2 and opposite the first end face. The first and second partial elements 3a, 3b are adjustable and preferably releasably connected to one another . The spacer 2 has a peripheral wall which is delimited by the first end face 4a and the second end face 4b. The 'overall' peripheral wall of the spacer 2 is preferably composed of first and second peripheral walls 14a, 14b of the first and second partial elements 3a, 3b.

As in 1 shown, the first and second sub-element 3a, 3b are connected to one another by a thread 18a, 18b or by a screw connection formed by means of the thread. An internal thread 18a can be arranged either on the first partial element 3a and an external thread 18b on the second partial element 3b or vice versa. The threaded parts 18a, 18b are preferably each arranged on an end of the partial elements 3a, 3b opposite the end faces 4a, 4b. Alternatively, the partial elements 3a, 3b can be adjustably connected to one another by a multi-stage latching connection. With a snap-in connection, the length of the Spacer 2 can be varied or adjusted in the longitudinal direction A (along the longitudinal axis) by moving the first partial element 3a and/or the second partial element 3b. The latching connection is preferred, for example, if the base body or the basic shape of the first and/or second partial element 3a, 3b is not circular or cylindrical but elliptical, triangular, square, trapezoidal, rectangular, polygonal, hexagonal or octagonal.

Figure 3C shows a view of the first partial element 3a from the end face 4a, ie in the axial direction, so that the longitudinal axis A is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. At least one receptacle 8, 8a-d is arranged on the first end face 4a, which is designed to hold a component, in particular a reinforcement 26, 36 (see Figures 5 and 6 ), at least partially included. The receptacle 8, 8a-d preferably extends along the longitudinal axis A. The receptacle can be designed as a recess that is open in the longitudinal direction A, so that the spacer 2 with the receptacle 8 can be clamped onto a reinforcement.

The first partial element 3a preferably has a large number of receptacles 8, 8a-d, for example eight receptacles as in FIG Figures 3B and 3C shown, which are arranged on the circumference of the first sub-element 3a, preferably rotationally symmetrical. The end face 4a can be in the form of a crown or a ring gear 20 .

Each of the receptacles 8a-d preferably has a different size or width. The receptacles arranged opposite the receptacles 8a-d can each be designed identically or essentially identically or paired with one another. Alternatively, each receptacle can have a different size.

At the in Figure 3C In the example shown, the toothed ring 20 has eight receptacles 8a-8d, with the receptacles lying opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis each having the same width. In the example shown, the widths W of the recordings are as follows: W(8a)>W(8c)>W(8d)>W(8b). Since the width of each of the receptacles decreases or tapers downwards (here in the longitudinal direction in the plane of the drawing), each receptacle pair of opposing receptacles 8 covers a width range for accommodating a component (or a reinforcement) with a diameter or a thickness greater than one thickness range. The degree of taper of the width of the successive width ranges of the pairs of receptacles can be selected such that the width ranges of the pairs of receptacles overlap. Alternatively, the width ranges of the pairs of recordings or a part of the pairs of recordings cover non-overlapping width ranges.

In the Figure 3C The shots 8a-d shown each form pairs of shots, for example four pairs of shots, with the shots located opposite one another, with the sizes or widths of the shots differing from one another. For example, the first pair of mounts (eg 8b) has a width of 4-7 mm, the second pair of mounts (eg 8d) has a width in the range of 6-9 mm, and the third pair of mounts (eg 8c) has a width in the range of 8-12 mm and the fourth pair of receptacles (eg (8a)) has a width in the range of 11-15 mm.

The first end face 4a can have a first end face 5 and/or the second end face 4b can have a second end face 6 . As in Figure 3B the first end face 5 is shown to be open in the longitudinal direction A. The second end face 6 is at least partially open (see FIG Figures 1, 2A ).

The second end face 6 can have fastening openings 12a, 12b for fastening to a reinforcement and/or casing. The second end face 6 can be formed by a base element 6a. The base element 6a can be connected to the peripheral wall 12a of the second partial element 3b by at least two web elements 6b, here four web elements 6b, which project perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis A. The web elements 6b are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrically around the longitudinal axis A. Openings are preferably present between the web elements 6b. Alternatively, the second end face 6 can be designed to be completely or essentially completely closed.

The base element 6a is preferably arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis A. The base element 6a can have a large number of fastening openings 12a, which are used, for example, to fasten the spacer 2 to reinforcements, preferably with diameters greater than 12 mm. For example, ends of a fastening wire can be pulled through the openings 12a or nails can be passed through. The fastening openings 12a are preferably arranged uniformly and/or rotationally symmetrically around the longitudinal axis A. The floor element can have at least one further fastening opening 12b, which is used, for example, to fasten the spacer 2 to a formwork, preferably to a staircase formwork. The fastening opening 12b is preferably arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis A in the base element 6a.

A second ring gear 13 with a plurality of recesses 13a can be provided on the second end face 4b. The second ring gear 13 preferably extends outwards from or in relation to the end face 6, preferably axially forwards (that is, to the outside of the second partial element 3b). The recesses 13a are preferably arranged regularly and/or have a constant width between the teeth of the second ring gear 13. The width is preferably dimensioned in such a way that the second partial element 3b can be rotated relative to the first partial element by means of the tool using a screwdriver or a trowel or another tool customary on the construction site after the first partial element 3a has been fixed, for example to a reinforcement, in order to set the distance .

The peripheral walls 14a, 14b of the first and second partial elements 3a, 3b can have a multiplicity of openings 16a, 16b. As in Figures 1 and 2A shown, the openings 16b can be integrated, for example, in the external thread 18b of the second partial element 3b and the openings 16a in the internal thread 18a of the first partial element 3a. The openings 16a, 16b are preferably designed in such a way that at least part of the openings 16a, 16b are open and not covered, regardless of the set longitudinal extent (ie regardless of how the first and second partial elements 3a, 3b are set relative to one another by turning the thread). . This ensures that concrete can flow from the outside through the openings 16a, 16b into the interior of the spacer 2 in each longitudinal extent of the spacer. This allows a good connection between the concrete and the spacer to be achieved after the concrete has set.

The first and second partial element 3a, 3b can—as shown in the figures—have a round cross section or be designed as a hollow cylinder. Preferably, the inside diameter of the first sub-element 3a is greater than or equal to the outside diameter of the second sub-element 3b or vice versa. As in 1 As can be seen, the second sub-element 3b can be received completely or almost completely in the first sub-element 3a by turning the thread 18a, 18b (or optionally moving the locking connection) or vice versa. Particularly preferably, the longitudinal extent of the second partial element 3b is equal to or less than the longitudinal extent of the first partial element 3a. Alternatively, the peripheral wall 16a, 16b or the cross-sectional shape can be square or rectangular, for example. In this case, the width and length of the first or second partial element 3a, 3b is preferably scaled such that the first or second partial element 3a, 3b can be at least partially accommodated in the second or first partial element 3b, 3a.

The spacer 2 can have a first coupling element 24a and/or a second coupling element 24, it being possible for the first and/or second coupling element 24a, 24b to be coupled to a coupling element of a further spacer, in particular a first partial element of a further spacer (see Fig 4 ). The spacer 2 and the further spacer or the first partial element 3a of the spacer 2 and the first partial element of the further spacer are preferably of identical design.

As in Figure 3B the first coupling element 24a and the second coupling element 24b are shown on the first partial element 3a. The first coupling element 24a can be formed by at least a part of the outer surface of the peripheral wall 14a of the first partial element and the second coupling element 24b can be formed by at least a part of the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the first partial element. Preferably, the first and second coupling element 24a, 24b are ring-shaped in relation to the longitudinal axis A. The first coupling element 24a can be arranged in the area of the thread 18a, 18b and/or the second coupling element 24b in the area of the receptacles 8. The first coupling element 24a is particularly preferably a bead arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral wall 14a of the first partial element 3a (see 4 ).

4 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement with a spacer 2 from 1 , wherein only the first partial element 3a of the spacer 2 is shown, coupled to a further first partial element 3a. The two partial elements 3a are preferably of identical design.

When the spacer or the first partial element 3a of the spacer is coupled to a further first partial element 3a, the further first partial element 3a (upper partial element 3a shown) is inserted with its first coupling element 24a in the longitudinal direction into the spacer or the first partial element 3a (lower partial element shown 3a) of the spacer introduced. The other first partial element 3a is coupled by the interaction of the first coupling element 24a of the upper first partial element 3a and the second coupling element 24b of the spacer or the lower first partial element 3a in the lower first partial element 3a or in the spacer. The coupling is preferably designed as a clamp connection. The first coupling element 24a can have a bead, preferably a circumferential bead, which is designed to reduce a clamping force between the coupling elements 24a, 24b of to generate two first partial elements 3a. The first partial element 3a can have a stop, which is paired with the bead, so that insertion of the first partial element 3a in the longitudinal direction A into the further, first partial element 3a is limited.

The length in the longitudinal direction A of the spacer 2 can be adjusted in a range of 3 to 5 cm or 4 to 6 cm by rotating or displacing the partial elements 3a, 3b relative to one another. The maximum longitudinal extent of the spacer 2 is preferably at least 70% of the longitudinal extent of the first or second partial element 3a, 3b.

4 shows a spacer or only the first partial element 3a of the spacer coupled to a further first partial element 3a. By coupling a further first partial element, it is possible to increase the length of the spacer 2 1 to increase if the maximum longitudinal extension of the spacer 2 is not sufficient in use. In this way, a multiplicity of first partial elements can be coupled to one another. It is also possible to use the spacer 4 with a further spacer, which has a first and second partial element 3a, 3b (as in 1 shown), to pair and not just as in 4 shown with a further first partial element 3a.

The coupling between the two first partial elements 3a is preferably such that the second partial elements 3b can remain in the respective first partial element 3a, preferably without having to change the longitudinal position of the second partial element in the lower coupled first partial element or only having to change it slightly. This has the advantage that when two spacers 2 are coupled, the second partial elements 3b do not have to be removed or shifted in each case relative to the associated first partial element. As a result, two or more spacers can be coupled together very quickly on the construction site.

figure 5 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement with a stair formwork element 32 and spacers 2 1 . For the erection of a staircase 28, the formwork element 32 is arranged below the staircase 28 to be erected. Preferably, a large number of spacers 2, for example three as in figure 5 shown attached to the formwork element 32 . The spacers 2 are preferably attached to the formwork element 32 at a distance from one another. The spacers 2 shown correspond to the spacer 2 of Figures 1 to 3B , but are shown here in simplified form for a better overview.

As in figure 5 shown, the spacers 2 are attached to the formwork element 32 with the second end face 4b. The spacers 2 particularly preferably have the fastening openings 12a, 12b (see FIG. 1A), through which they are connected to the formwork element 32 by fastening means such as a nail. At least one reinforcement 26 is attached above the spacer 2, which gives the staircase sufficient stability after casting and curing. The reinforcement 26 preferably rests on the spacers 2, in particular on the first end face 4a of the spacers 2. The reinforcement 26 is particularly preferably in a receptacle 8 (see FIG 1 ) the spacer 2 added.

The spacers 2 ensure a minimum distance between the formwork 32 and the reinforcement 26, whereby a minimum concrete cover is maintained. This prevents the reinforcement 26 from rusting.

The liquid concrete is then poured from above onto the reinforcement and the spacers 2 arranged underneath. After the staircase 28 or the individual steps 30 have hardened, the formwork element 32 is dismantled, with the fastening means breaking out, for example a nail with at least part of the spacer 2 . At least part of the end face 6, in particular the base element 6a with the fastening means, preferably breaks out of the spacer 2 (see FIG 2 ). The fact that the fastening means is completely removed after the formwork element 32 has been dismantled prevents the fastening means from rusting.

6 shows a schematic and perspective representation of a further arrangement with a formwork element 37 of a wall and spacers 2 1 . The spacers 2a, 2b shown correspond to the spacer 2 of Figures 1 to 3B , but are shown here in simplified form for a better overview.

For the erection of a vertical wall, a plurality of reinforcements 36 protrude perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly from a base plate 34. The reinforcements 36 were preferably cast with the base plate 34. The formwork element 37 is or should be arranged perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly on the base plate 34 . In particular, the formwork element 37 is arranged in a desired distance plane 38 from the reinforcements 36 in order to achieve a prescribed concrete cover of the reinforcement bars.

As in 6 shown are the two outermost reinforcements 36 (outer left and right in the horizontal direction) referred to as the first reinforcement 36a (arranged on the left) and as the second reinforcement 36b (arranged on the right). Further reinforcements 36 can be arranged between and/or outside of the first and second reinforcement 36a, 36b.

A line 40 represents the connecting line between the first and second reinforcement 36a, 36b. The reinforcements 36 between the first and second reinforcement 36a, 36b are not on a line with the first and second reinforcement 36a, 36b. The connecting line 40 is not parallel to the formwork element 37, which is arranged in the desired distance plane 38. This results in a first distance 42a between the first reinforcement 36a and the formwork 37 and a second distance 42b between the second reinforcement 36a and the formwork 37, which differs from the first distance 42a. In figure 5 the distance 42a is greater than the distance 42b.

As in 6 a first spacer 2a is shown snapped onto the first reinforcement 36a and a second spacer 2b onto the second reinforcement 36b. In particular, the spacers 2a, 2b are each clamped onto the first and second reinforcement 36a, 36b with the first end face of the first partial element 3a or the receptacle 8. The second end face of the second partial elements 3b faces the formwork element 37 in each case. The formwork element 37 preferably leans against the second end face of the second sub-element 3b of the two spacers 2 in each case.

In the case of large reinforcement diameters, for example greater than 12 mm, the spacers 2a, 2b can be inserted through the fastening openings 12a, 12b (see Figure 2A ) on the second end face 4b of the second partial element 3b with the aid of a wire, for example, can be attached to the reinforcement 36a, 36b. In this case, the first end faces 4a of the first partial elements 3a, 3b face the formwork element 37 or are preferably in contact with it.

Because of the different distances 42a, 42b, the spacer 2a is set to a greater longitudinal extent than the spacer 2b in order to rest against the formwork element 37. This means that the spacer 2a is extended further in the longitudinal direction than the spacer 2b by turning the thread. A minimum concrete cover between the reinforcement 36 and the formwork element 37 can thus be guaranteed.

Spacers 2 are preferably attached to the reinforcements, for example the first and second reinforcements as shown. More than two spacers 2 can also be arranged on a reinforcement 36a, 36b, for example one in the lower and one in the upper region of the reinforcements 36a, 36b. Additional spacers 2 can be attached to the reinforcements 36 between the first and second reinforcements 36a, 36b. The spacers are preferably fastened in the lower area of the reinforcements 36a, 36b, so that when the formwork element 37 is set up and leaned against, the reinforcements are not bent and the previously made setting of the spacers is not changed.

A spacer is preferably first attached to the outer reinforcement of the section that is to be clad with a formwork element in the lower region of the reinforcement. The spacers fastened in this way are adjusted to the specified length so that the formwork element is later correctly aligned (e.g. aligned with other building elements or according to the construction plan) and the minimum concrete cover is guaranteed. Then an escape aid (e.g. guide line) is stretched between the two outer spacers. The length of further spacers, which are required to avoid the deflection of the formwork element, is now set in a simple manner using the stretched escape aid.

In the further course of erecting a vertical wall, which is not shown, a second formwork element is set up parallel to the first formwork element, preferably with spacers as in the first formwork element 37. The spacers of the second formwork element are attached to reinforcements that are attached to the second end faces 4b of the first and second spacers 2a, 2b of the first formwork element 37 are arranged facing away. Finally, liquid concrete is poured between the first formwork element 37 and the second formwork element, which forms the vertical wall after hardening.

Reference list:

2, 2a, 2b

(first, second) spacers

3a, 3b

first / second partial element

4a, 4b

first / second face

5

first end face of the first partial element

6

second face of the second partial element

6a

floor element

6b

bar element

8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d

first, second, third, fourth shot

12a, 12b

mounting hole

13

second sprocket

13a

recess

14a, 14b

Peripheral wall of the first / second partial element

16a, 16b

Opening on the peripheral wall of the first/second partial element

18a, 18b

internal/external thread

20

gear ring / crown

24a, 24b

first / second coupling element

25a

bead

25b

attack

26

Reinforcement of a staircase

28

Stairs

30

cast stair step

32

stair formwork element

34

bottom plate

36

reinforcement of a wall

36a, 36b

first, second reinforcement

37

Formwork element of a wall

38

Desired distance level for formwork element

40

Connection line of the first and second reinforcement

42a, 42b

Distance between formwork and first / second reinforcement

A

longitudinal axis/direction

Claims (14)

Spacer (2), in particular for adjusting the distance between a reinforcement (26, 36) and a formwork element (32, 37), the spacer (2) having: a first partial element (3a) with a first end face (4a), and a second partial element (3b) with a second end face (4b), which is connected to the first partial element (3a) in a detachable and/or adjustable manner, at least one receptacle (8, 8a-d) being arranged on the first end face (4a), which is designed to at least partially receive a component, in particular a reinforcement (26, 36), and wherein the length of the spacer (2) can be varied in the longitudinal direction (A) by adjusting the first or second partial element (3a) relative to the second or first partial element (3b). Spacer according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-element (3a) and the second sub-element (3b) are connected to one another via a thread (18a, 18b) and/or a multi-stage locking tooth system, and wherein by turning the thread (18a, 18b) and/or moving the first and second partial element (3a, 3b), the length of the spacer (2) can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction (A), and/or whereby the length of the spacer (2) can be adjusted relative to each other by twisting and/or shifting the first and second partial elements (3a, 3b) in a range of 2 to 4 cm, 3 to 5 cm, 3.5 to 5 cm, 4 to 6 cm or 5 to 9 cm is adjustable, and/or wherein the maximum longitudinal extent of the spacer (2) is at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the longitudinal extent of the first or second partial element (3a, 3b). Spacer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one receptacle (8, 8a-d) extends in the longitudinal direction of the spacer (2), and wherein the width of the at least one receptacle (8, 8a-d) tapers with increasing depth, so that the spacer (2) can be clamped onto components of different thicknesses, and/or wherein the first sub-element (3a) has a plurality of receptacles on the first end face (4a), the plurality of receptacles (8, 8a-d) having one receptacle (8a-d) or pairs of receptacles which differ in the size of the receptacle (8a-d) differ from the size of another recording (8a-d) or another pair of recordings, so that components of different strengths or thicknesses can be clamped. Spacer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the first partial element (3a) has a plurality of receptacles (8, 8a-d) on the first end face (4a) and/or wherein the first end face (4a) is in the form of a crown or ring gear (20) is formed,
and preferably: the receptacles (8, 8a-d) are arranged on the circumference of the first partial element (3a), and/or Opposite receptacles (8, 8a-d) are each identical or essentially identical or two of the receptacles (8) are paired with respect to the size of the receptacle (8, 8a-d), and/or the plurality of receptacles (8, 8a-d) has a receptacle (8a-d) or pairs of receptacles which differ in the size of the receptacle (8a-d) from the size of another receptacle (8a-d) or another pair of receptacles , wherein preferably at least three recordings (8a-d) or pairs of recordings are arranged, which have different sizes of recording (8a-d) from each other. Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the width of the at least one receptacle (8, 8a-d) or one receptacle of the plurality of receptacles (8, 8a-d) or a pair of receptacles of the plurality of receptacles (8, 8a-d) in Range of 4 - 12 mm, 4 - 7 mm, 6 - 9 mm, or 8 - 12 mm, the plurality of recordings (8, 8a-d) in particular recordings (8, 8a-d) or pairs of recordings with the following recording widths: - a first receptacle (8a) or a first pair of receptacles with a first width, preferably in the range of 4 - 7 mm, - a second receptacle (8b) or a second pair of receptacles with a second width different from the first, preferably in the range of 6 - 9 mm, - a third receptacle (8c, 8d) or a third pair of receptacles with a third width different from the first and second in the range of 8-12 mm. Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner diameter of the first or second partial element (3a, 3b) is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the second or first partial element (3b, 3a), and/or wherein the first or second partial element (3a, 3b) can be received completely or almost completely in the second or first partial element (3b, 3a), and/or wherein the first or second partial element (3a, 3b) is designed without end faces (5, 6) or is continuously open in the longitudinal direction (A). Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, in which the spacer (2) has an end face (6) on the second end face (4b) which has openings (12a, 12b) for attachment to a reinforcement (26, 36) and/or a casing ( 32). Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer (2) has a first coupling element (24a) and/or a second coupling element (24b), and wherein the first and/or second coupling element (24a, 24b) can be coupled to a coupling element of a further spacer (2), in particular a first partial element (3a) of a further spacer (2). Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first face (4a) has a first face (5) and/or the second face (4b) has a second face (6), and wherein the first and/or second face (5, 6) is at least partially open, and a peripheral wall (14a, 14b) between the first end face (4a) and the second end face (4b) having a plurality of openings (16a, 16b). Spacer according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer (2) is made of an alkali-resistant material, preferably plastic, such as PP, PE or HDPE. Arrangement comprising: an armor (36), and at least one spacer (2) according to one of the preceding claims, the spacer (2) being clamped onto the reinforcement (36), in that the reinforcement (36) is at least partially accommodated in the receptacle (8) of the spacer (2). Arrangement comprising: a first spacer (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and a second spacer (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a first or second coupling element (24a, 24b) of the first spacer (2) is coupled to a second or first coupling element (24b, 24a) of the second spacer (2). Arrangement comprising: a first and second spacer (2a, 2b) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, a first reinforcement (36a) to which the first spacer (2a) is attached, a second reinforcement (36b) to which the second spacer (2b) is attached and which is spaced from the first reinforcement (36a), and a form member (37) leaning against the first and second spacers (2a, 2b). the length of the spacers (2) being set such that a desired spacing plane (38) is formed for the formwork element (37). Method for erecting a building element, in particular a wall or a staircase (28), which has: Attaching a first and second spacer (2a, 2b) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 with the receptacle on a first and second reinforcement (36a, 36b), the first reinforcement (36a) and second reinforcement (36b) being spaced apart from one another, Adjusting the length of the spacers (2a, 2b) by moving the second partial elements (4b) to a desired minimum concrete cover, Setting up a first formwork element (37) leaning against the second end faces (4b) of the spacers (2a, 2b), and optionally Setting up a second formwork element with spacers as in the first formwork element (37), the spacers being attached to reinforcements which are arranged away from the second end faces (4b) of the first and second spacers (2a, 2b), and Pouring liquid concrete between the first formwork element (37) and the second formwork element.

Images