EP0555129B1 - Automatically closing trap door - Google Patents
Automatically closing trap door Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0555129B1 EP0555129B1 EP93400231A EP93400231A EP0555129B1 EP 0555129 B1 EP0555129 B1 EP 0555129B1 EP 93400231 A EP93400231 A EP 93400231A EP 93400231 A EP93400231 A EP 93400231A EP 0555129 B1 EP0555129 B1 EP 0555129B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- opening
- trap door
- hatch
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/01—Trap-doors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
- E05C17/00—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith
- E05C17/02—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means
- E05C17/04—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a movable bar or equivalent member extending between frame and wing
- E05C17/12—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a movable bar or equivalent member extending between frame and wing consisting of a single rod
- E05C17/20—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a movable bar or equivalent member extending between frame and wing consisting of a single rod sliding through a guide
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
- E05F5/06—Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops
- E05F5/10—Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops with piston brakes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/21—Brakes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/252—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of friction
- E05Y2201/254—Fluid or viscous friction
- E05Y2201/256—Fluid or viscous friction with pistons or vanes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/262—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion
- E05Y2201/264—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion linear
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
- E05Y2900/13—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof characterised by the type of wing
- E05Y2900/132—Doors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/60—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for other use
- E05Y2900/612—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for other use for manhole covers
Description
La présente invention concerne une trappe horizontale destinée à condamner automatiquement une ouverture ménagée dans un plancher horizontal et à maintenir cette condamnation en l'absence d'une action volontaire d'ouverture et/ou de maintien de cette ouverture.The present invention relates to a horizontal hatch intended to automatically condemn an opening made in a horizontal floor and to maintain this locking in the absence of a voluntary action of opening and / or maintaining this opening.
Une trappe ouverte ou laissée ouverte par négligence ou inadvertance est soit la cause d'accidents, soit l'accès libre à une zone protégée, en contravention des dispositions réglementant cet accès.An open hatch or one left open by negligence or inadvertence is either the cause of accidents or free access to a protected area, in contravention of the provisions regulating this access.
Pour pallier ces inconvénients, l'invention propose une trappe comportant des moyens pour assurer automatiquement sa fermeture, en l'absence de verrouillage volontaire dans sa position d'ouverture. Ces moyens présentent en outre l'avantage de prévenir tout accident lors de la fermeture automatique de la trappe, si celle-ci par exemple intervient alors qu'un utilisateur est engagé dans l'ouverture découverte.To overcome these drawbacks, the invention proposes a hatch comprising means for automatically closing it, in the absence of voluntary locking in its open position. These means also have the advantage of preventing any accident during the automatic closing of the hatch, if the latter, for example, occurs while a user is engaged in the discovery opening.
A cet effet, la présente invention a donc pour objet une trappe horizontale à ouverture manuelle et fermeture automatique, comportant un panneau articulé autour d'un axe horizontal et pouvant débattre au-dessus du plan horizontal contenant cet axe, cette trappe comprenant un dispositif hydraulique formant frein au rabattement de la trappe et une butée limitant l'angle d'ouverture de la trappe à une valeur inférieure à 90° par rapport à l'horizontale de sorte que le panneau soit en permanence soumis, sous l'effet de la pesanteur, à un couple de rabattement, selon le document DE-U-88 16 273, par example. Cette disposition est notamment intéressante dans le cas d'une construction de panneau de trappe en matériau alvéolaire allégé ou en treillis que celui-ci soit métallique ou en matériau composite. En effet, le frein hydraulique à mettre en place peut être de dimensions extrêmement réduites ce qui permet de le loger à l'intérieur d'un volume ne nuisant pas à la section de passage découverte par la trappe.To this end, the present invention therefore relates to a horizontal hatch with manual opening and automatic closing, comprising a panel articulated around a horizontal axis and capable of being discussed above the horizontal plane containing this axis, this hatch comprising a hydraulic device forming a brake on the folding of the hatch and a stop limiting the opening angle of the hatch to a value less than 90 ° relative to the horizontal so that the panel is permanently subjected, under the effect of gravity , to a drawdown torque, according to document DE-U-88 16 273, for example. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the case of a hatch panel construction made of lightweight cellular material or lattice, whether the latter is metallic or made of composite material. In fact, the hydraulic brake to be put in place can be of extremely small dimensions, which makes it possible to accommodate it inside a volume which does not harm the passage section discovered by the hatch.
Pour un passage ponctuel d'une personne au travers de l'ouverture découverte par le panneau de trappe ouvert, la limitation de l'angle de débattement de ce panneau à une valeur inférieure à 90° ne constitue pas gêne à ce passage. En revanche, il peut être, dans certains cas, nécessaire de découvrir plus largement l'ouverture, voire de maintenir le panneau dans une position s'étendant au-delà de la verticale. Dans ce cas, la butée limitant l'angle d'ouverture est prévue selon l'invention escamotable élastiquement pour les angles d'ouverture supérieurs à 90°, à l'encontre d'un organe élastique de rappel dont l'effet développe sur le panneau autour de l'axe d'articulation un couple de rappel supérieur au couple antagoniste exercé sur le panneau par l'effet de la gravité. Cette disposition particulière constitue l'assurance que si le panneau n'est pas verrouillé dans sa position d'ouverture, il ne peut en aucun cas rester ouvert.For a punctual passage of a person through the opening discovered by the open hatch panel, the limiting the angle of movement of this panel to a value less than 90 ° does not hinder this passage. On the other hand, it may be, in certain cases, necessary to discover the opening more widely, or even to maintain the panel in a position extending beyond the vertical. In this case, the stop limiting the opening angle is provided according to the invention retractable elastically for opening angles greater than 90 °, against an elastic return member whose effect develops on the panel around the articulation axis a return torque greater than the opposing torque exerted on the panel by the effect of gravity. This particular provision constitutes the assurance that if the panel is not locked in its open position, it cannot in any case remain open.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description d'un exemple de réalisation donné ci-après.Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the description of an exemplary embodiment given below.
Il sera fait référence au dessin annexé dans lequel la figure unique représente en coupe un mode de réalisation d'une trappe selon l'invention.Reference will be made to the accompanying drawing in which the single figure shows in section an embodiment of a hatch according to the invention.
La trappe représentée comporte un panneau 1 d'obturation d'une ouverture 2 constituant par exemple l'accès supérieur à une échelle. L'ouverture 2 est délimitée par un châssis 3 sur lequel le panneau 1 est articulé autour d'un axe horizontal 4 parallèle à l'un de ses côtés. En effet, le panneau 1 représenté ici en coupe, est généralement rectangulaire bien que cette forme ne soit pas limitative. Le panneau sera de préférence un panneau alvéolaire comportant par exemple des longerons parallèles 5 reliés par des barres transversales 6.The hatch shown comprises a
On peut imaginer sans sortir du cadre de l'invention que ce panneau soit constitué par une structure en nid d'abeilles ou en métal déployé ou par une structure alvéolaire en matériau composite qui présente l'avantage d'être extrêmement léger tout en étant résistant.One can imagine without departing from the scope of the invention that this panel is constituted by a honeycomb or expanded metal structure or by a honeycomb structure in composite material which has the advantage of being extremely light while being resistant .
Sous le panneau et d'un côté de celui-ci, dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe 4 d'articulation, le dispositif comprend un frein hydraulique 7 représenté schématiquement sous la forme d'un vérin dont le corps 8 est articulé par un axe 9 à une structure fixe telle que le cadre 3 délimitant l'ouverture 2, tandis que la tige 10 est articulée au panneau 1 lui-même.Under the panel and on one side of it, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis 4 of articulation, the device comprises a
Afin d'expliquer la fonction de ce vérin qui peut être assurée par de nombreux autres moyens connus dans cette application, un conduit 11 relie la chambre 12 annulaire du vérin à la chambre 13 située de l'autre côté du piston. Ce conduit 11 est équipé d'un clapet unidirectionnel 14 qui autorise le transfert du fluide de la chambre 12 vers la chambre 13, c'est-à-dire qui autorise l'extraction de la tige 10. La rétraction de cette tige est freinée car elle implique un transfert de fluide de la chambre 13 vers la chambre 12. Ce transfert n'étant pas possible par le conduit 11 du fait du clapet unidirectionnel 14, s'opère au travers d'une restriction 15 qui peut être réglable et qui détourne le fluide aux bornes du clapet 14. Ainsi, sous un effort donné, la tige 12 ne peut se rétracter qu'avec une vitesse déterminée qui correspond au débit possible du fluide au travers du limiteur de débit 15.In order to explain the function of this cylinder which can be ensured by many other means known in this application, a conduit 11 connects the
On comprend que le soulèvement de la trappe autour de l'axe 4 ne rencontre aucune résistance de la part du frein 7. En revanche, son rabattement est freiné par le frein 7 et il faut donc un certain temps pour que la trappe se referme, en particulier d'elle-même sous l'effet de la pesanteur.It is understood that the lifting of the hatch around the axis 4 encounters no resistance from the
Pour que cette fermeture reste automatique, il convient que la trappe ne s'ouvre pas d'un angle supérieur à 90°. Au contraire, il faut que son angle maximum d'ouverture soit inférieur à la perpendiculaire au plan horizontal dans lequel elle se trouve dans son état d'obturation de l'ouverture 2. On est ainsi certain qu'un couple de rappel dû à l'effet de la pesanteur, s'exercera toujours sur le panneau 1. On a donc pour obtenir ce résultat, disposé un limiteur de débattement du panneau 1 autour de l'axe 4 qui est constitué par une tige 16 articulée sous le panneau et passant dans l'oeillet 17 d'une butée fixe 18. A l'autre extrémité de la tige 16, celle-ci porte un élément de butée 19 qui ne peut pas traverser l'oeillet 17. C'est le contact de l'élément de butée 19 sur la butée fixe 18 qui limite l'ouverture du panneau 1 à par exemple 80°.For this closing to remain automatic, the hatch should not open at an angle greater than 90 °. On the contrary, its maximum opening angle must be less than perpendicular to the horizontal plane in which it is in its state of closing the
Il peut être cependant nécessaire de devoir ouvrir le panneau 1 sur un débattement angulaire plus important, par exemple 90, 100 ou 110°. Pour permettre cette ouverture, tout en conservant l'avantage d'un rabattement automatique du panneau, l'élément de butée 19 peut s'effacer élastiquement à l'encontre d'un ressort de rappel 20 le long de la tige 16. Ainsi lorsque l'on force l'ouverture au-delà de 80°, valeur à laquelle elle est par exemple limitée par la butée 19, cet élément de butée comprime le ressort 20 et ce dernier soumet la tige 16 donc le panneau 1 à un effort de rappel, engendrant un couple de rappel autour de l'axe 4. On aura choisi un ressort 20 de puissance suffisante pour qu'il puisse contrarier sans difficulté le couple antagoniste auquel est soumis le panneau 1 sous l'effet de la pesanteur lorsqu'il a dépassé les 90° d'ouverture. Le frein 7 joue à l'égard de ce couple de rappel le même rôle de ralentisseur qu'à l'égard du couple de rappel engendré par la pesanteur.It may however be necessary to have to open the
On comprend qu'avec les dispositions de l'invention, le panneau 1 ne peut rester ouvert que si on l'a verrouillé volontairement dans sa position d'ouverture. La trappe ne peut donc pas rester ouverte par inadvertance. En outre, le frein mis en oeuvre permet à un usager d'ouvrir la trappe et de la lâcher pour passer en toute tranquillité l'ouverture 2 de haut en bas ou de bas en haut, le panneau 1 descendant lentement en direction de sa position d'obturation d'ouverture 2.It is understood that with the provisions of the invention, the
Claims (1)
- A manually openable and automatically closing horizontal trap door comprising a panel (1) which is pivoted about a horizontal axis (4) and which can be displaced through a range of movement above the horizontal plane containing said axis (4), a hydraulic device (7) forming a brake for the downward movement of the trap door and an abutment (18, 19) for limiting the angle of opening of the trap door to a value of less than 90° so that the panel (1), under the effect of its weight, is permanently subjected to a closing torque, characterised in that the abutment (19) for limiting the angle of opening is resiliently retractable for angles of opening of greater than 90° against the force of a resilient return member (20) whose force develops on the panel (1) around the pivot axis (4) a return torque which is greater than the counteracting torque applied to the panel by its weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9201093A FR2686933B1 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1992-01-31 | AUTOMATIC CLOSING DOOR. |
FR9201093 | 1992-01-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0555129A1 EP0555129A1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
EP0555129B1 true EP0555129B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
Family
ID=9426210
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93400231A Expired - Lifetime EP0555129B1 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1993-01-29 | Automatically closing trap door |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0555129B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69304940T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2094489T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2686933B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2976451B1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2016-05-20 | Franck Emile Joseph Martin | SAFETY RETARDER AT THE OPENING AND CLOSING OF CONTAINMENT PARK BARRIERS |
CN105041150B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-04-05 | 广东恒中门业有限公司 | A kind of whole-protection safety door |
FR3115554B1 (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2022-09-30 | Coutier Ind | Hatch operating device |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2204330A (en) * | 1939-09-15 | 1940-06-11 | Paul H Travis | Door check |
CH660399A5 (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1987-04-15 | Stierli Maschinen Und Metallba | Floor door on a shaft |
DE8816273U1 (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-03-30 | Wilhelm Henke Gmbh & Co Treppenwerke, 4990 Luebbecke, De |
-
1992
- 1992-01-31 FR FR9201093A patent/FR2686933B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-01-29 EP EP93400231A patent/EP0555129B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-29 DE DE69304940T patent/DE69304940T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-29 ES ES93400231T patent/ES2094489T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2686933B1 (en) | 1995-08-11 |
ES2094489T3 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
EP0555129A1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
DE69304940D1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
DE69304940T2 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
FR2686933A1 (en) | 1993-08-06 |
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