EP0402214B1 - Safety device for the access to a ladder from an upper floor - Google Patents
Safety device for the access to a ladder from an upper floor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0402214B1 EP0402214B1 EP90401484A EP90401484A EP0402214B1 EP 0402214 B1 EP0402214 B1 EP 0402214B1 EP 90401484 A EP90401484 A EP 90401484A EP 90401484 A EP90401484 A EP 90401484A EP 0402214 B1 EP0402214 B1 EP 0402214B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- platform
- ladder
- pedal
- floor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C9/00—Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes
- E06C9/02—Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes rigidly mounted
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
- E06C7/006—Devices for preventing access
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
- E06C7/18—Devices for preventing persons from falling
- E06C7/185—Devices providing a back support to a person on the ladder, e.g. cages
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
- E06C7/18—Devices for preventing persons from falling
- E06C7/186—Rail or rope for guiding a safety attachment, e.g. a fall arrest system
- E06C7/187—Guiding rail
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of industrial security, in particular the security of persons when using ladders, and in particular a device for protecting access to a ladder with the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1.
- a ladder When a ladder reaches a certain height (generally more than 3 meters) it must include a device to prevent vertical falls.
- One of these devices consists of a rail located at the center of the ladder along which a carriage can slide, this carriage being connected to a harness worn by the user, locking in the rail during a fall.
- Another protective device is the provision of a cage (or crinoline) surrounding the ladder.
- the invention provides a device for protecting access to a ladder from an upper floor through an opening normally covered by a panel, comprising a platform movable between a first position close to the ladder and a second position remote from it, and a railing extending above the level of the platform, in which the platform has means for locking it in its first position, this device comprising, at the upper floor, means for preventing access to the ladder capable of being placed in and out of service, and means for unlocking the platform cooperating with the prevention means when these are in their "in service" position.
- the prevention means consist of the panel for closing the floor opening.
- the most frequent application of the invention is that in which the scale does not exceed the level of the floor. Under these conditions, the platform is located under the floor and the railing extends between the floor of the platform.
- the height separating the platform from the floor is of the order of two meters.
- the platform includes means for locking it in its first position.
- the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the ladder access panel when the latter is in its closed position for access to the ladder.
- the user of the ladder can only descend after having closed the access opening made in the floor.
- the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the panel when the latter is in its closed position for access to the ladder and with the slide when it is inserted into the fall prevention rail.
- At least part of the railing can be moved from a first position located above the platform and below the level of the floor to a second position where it is located at least partially, above the floor.
- the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the railing when the latter is in its second position and with the slide when it is inserted into the fall prevention rail, to obtain the same conditions in this case. which concerns the security to be obtained.
- the panel is sliding in a structure of the floor which comprises maneuvering means on each of its faces, automatic return means in its closed position and locking means, the return means and locking device with a bolt carried by the horizontal sliding panel associated with a vertical control rod terminated in the lower part by a handle to pull it down, which constitutes one of the means for operating the panel and cooperating in the upper part with a depressing pedal of the rod which constitutes the other means of operating the panel.
- the pedal is mounted to slide vertically in the panel and to rotate relative to this panel, angular indexing means being provided between the pedal and the panel for allow the pedal to be depressed only in a determined angular position thereof relative to the panel, an elastic return member being coupled between the pedal and the panel to move the pedal away from this position.
- the examples shown relate to ladders with anti-fall rail, which do not include portions rising above the floor. It is obvious that the elements described are easily transposable on the one hand to crinoline ladders and on the other hand to ladders having an extension above the floor for example when the latter is a walkway along a wall. In the latter case, the means of the invention, in particular the platform, are located at the same level of this floor.
- openings At an upper floor 1 formed for example by a roadway or a sidewalk, there are openings, generally covered with panels such as 2, through which one can descend into the underground network of urban sewers or more generally of technical pipes. Similarly, in many industrial installations, such openings are made in floors or walkways to give passage to technical circulation corridors, access shafts, ducts, etc.
- These vertical conduits are generally equipped with ladder bars 3 which, to form a safety ladder comprise a central rail 4 intended to receive a carriage or slide which slides there (or rolls there) freely.
- This carriage comprises a coupling member of a lanyard which is fixed to a harness with which the user of the ladder is coated. The carriage, in known manner, has the option of stopping in the rail if the user falls.
- the invention seeks to protect the user when the carriage is placed in the safety rail.
- a platform 5 mounted on a horizontal frame 6 and able to move along this frame between a position where it is close to the scale and a position where it is spaced from the scale of a sufficient distance to allow the passage of a man between the ladder and the spread platform.
- a device 7 known in itself recalls the platform 5 in its first position with a time delay allowing sufficient time for the passage of the user both on the descent and on the ascent.
- a railing 8 is disposed here of fixed way (for example by being sealed to some of the walls of the downspout) to delimit a safety space around the ladder for a person standing on platform 5.
- the shape of this railing depends well heard from the vertical passage section. It will have at most three sides but may only consist of a barrier parallel to the wall carrying the ladder bars 3 if the side walls of the passage are close enough to each other.
- the user of the ladder having put on the harness can safely descend the few bars which lead to the platform (which will be for example between 1.50 and 2 meters under the roadway or the floor) .
- This descent is carried out inside the railing 8 and if a fall occurs, it will be of low height and confined in this space internal to the railing.
- the user connects the harness to the carriage present at the end of the rail 4. He then pushes the platform 5 backwards by acting at the foot on a pedal 9 a which has the following functions, d 'on the one hand to unlock the platform and on the other hand, to constitute a support to exert the force necessary to repel it.
- the mechanisms linked to the pedal 9 a for ensuring the locking of the platform, for example to the chassis 6 in its first position, will not be described in detail. It can be a latch operated by the pedal against a return spring. It will also be mentioned that on its underside, the platform 5 has a handle 9 b (see FIG. 2) for unlocking the platform and moving it backwards. Thus the user going up the ladder clears the passage to access the exit. The user having passed under the platform, it is brought against the ladder by means of the return member 7. It will be noted that to reach the wall, the platform has a notch 10 intended for the passage of the rail 4.
- FIG. 1 there are also shown means for on the one hand forcing the user of the ladder to place themselves in a security situation and on the other hand for ensuring the safety of the users of the floor 1.
- the opening is closed by a panel 2 which can slide horizontally against a return device in the closed position, not shown.
- a locking device 22 is provided on one of the edges of this panel 2 and the latter engages automatically.
- a pedal 23 which will be shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4 makes it possible to open this panel.
- the panel 2 In the closed position, the panel 2 cooperates with a device 24 which is connected to a locking means or latch 25 for blocking the platform 5 in its first position close to the ladder.
- the members 24 and 25 are shown diagrammatically and can take many embodiments. Mention will be made, for example, of a cam of the device 24 which is actuated by the panel 2 and whose movement is transmitted by a cable 26 in a sheath to a bolt which retracts.
- a device 27 is connected to the lock 25 by a link 28. This device is operated when the carriage of the safety harness passes through the rail. Its movement can thus be transmitted to a second bolt that would include the lock 25, which retracts thereby.
- the platform 5 can be moved away from the ladder when the two bolts are retracted, which means that the user of the ladder is in a safe situation (connected to the rail 4) and that the hatch is closed. The safety of floor users is therefore also ensured.
- the railing 8 is supported by the wall 11, where the bars 3 are located, by means of two slides 12 and 13 guided in slides vertical 14 and 15 fixed to this wall.
- the slides 12 and 13 are of sufficient length so that they remain fully engaged in the slides 14 and 15 after an increase in the order of the height of the railing 8.
- the slides 12 and 13 are integral with the railing 8 by lateral structures 16 which will be calculated to provide the assembly with sufficient resistance.
- a device for balancing the weight of the railing and its slides is symbolized by the two counterweights 17 coupled to the railing 8 by cables 18 passing over pulleys also fixed to the wall 11.
- the railing 8 then constitutes a protective barrier around the access opening to the vertical passage which remains open during the operations.
- this barrier only has at most 3 sides if the railing is of square section. It is nevertheless possible to provide on the fourth side an upper bar 20 always situated above the first bar, to which heavy elements (sheets of colored plastic material) 21 can be hung, to materialize the barrier for the view even if it is physically passable.
- the railing is coupled to a mechanism allowing its automatic exit when the access panel opens (for example by the set of heavier counterweights than the railing itself ).
- a mechanism for lowering this railing can be provided at the level of the platform 5 to be actuated by the user before he leaves the ladder in the direction of exit.
- Locking members will also be provided along the elements in relative movement to index them in various positions and immobilize them relatively in these positions. Finally, only part of the railing, or a second railing, doubling the first permanently fixed to the wall 11, can be mobile.
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate means for operating the panel 2 which include a pedal for unlocking and actuating it from the upper face and a handle for actuating it from its lower face. They also include optional locking means condemning the possibility of operation from the upper face of the panel.
- the panel 30 has a recess 38 in which is housed a pedal 39.
- This pedal is rotatably mounted on a rod 40 by means of a stop ball 41.
- the rod 40 passes through the panel 30 and comprises a lug 42 radial cooperating with an oblique slot 43 formed in a bolt 44 which can be received by a keeper 45 of the sliding frame when the panel 30 is in the closed position of the opening.
- a spring 46 tends to constantly push the bolt 44 into the keeper. It is understood that a vertical movement of the rod 40 downwards acts on the bolt which returns to its housing in the panel 30 against the force of the spring 46.
- the slope of the inclined slot and the force of the spring 46 are chosen so that the movement is reversible and that in the absence of any external force the lug 42 is in its position in FIG. 4.
- the pedal 39 has a flange 47, comprising a V-shaped notch 48.
- the panel 30 comprises, in the space which accommodates the flange 47, a projecting element 49 which interferes with this flange for prevent it from going down unless the notch 48 is perpendicular to this projection 49.
- a spring 50 harnessed between the bottom of the housing and the pedal tends to place the latter in an angular position (for example in abutment on a fixed element not shown) in which the notch 48 is offset relative to the projection 49.
- the rod 40 is provided at its other end (projecting under the panel 30) with an operating handle 51 making it possible to pull it down and to move the panel 30.
- FIG. 3 there is shown a lock 56 whose bolt 57 can be moved between an active position in which it is present under the pedal 39 and an unlocking position in which it is outside of this pedal. This lock 56 is accessible from the upper face of the panel 30.
- the rotation of the order of 30 to 60 °, will be limited by a stop not shown, which stops the pedal in its angular position where the notch 48 is perpendicular to the projection 49.
- Depression of the pedal is possible, which causes the withdrawal of the bolt 44 out of the keeper 45, by the downward movement of the rod 40 in the bolt 44.
- the user can still push the panel with the foot to clear access to the ladder or to the lower section of the latter.
- the need to rotate the pedal to depress it eliminates any risk of inadvertent depressing of the latter at the simple passage of a person.
- This provision constitutes, in addition to the "security airlock” that the invention creates at the top of a ladder, a means of selective condemnation of access to the ladder preserving the free crossing of this access for any person escaping from the restricted area.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ladders (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la sécurité industrielle, notamment la sécurité des personnes lorsqu'elles empruntent des échelles, et en particulier un dispositif de protection de l'accès à une échelle avec les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1. Un tel dispositif est connu du document US-A-3 038 555.The present invention relates to the field of industrial security, in particular the security of persons when using ladders, and in particular a device for protecting access to a ladder with the characteristics of the preamble of
Lorsqu'une échelle atteint une certaine hauteur (généralement plus de 3 mètres) elle doit comporter un dispositif de prévention contre les chutes verticales. L'un de ces dispositifs consiste en un rail situé au centre de l'échelle le long duquel un chariot peut coulisser, ce chariot étant relié à un harnais que porte l'usager, se bloquant dans le rail lors d'une chute.When a ladder reaches a certain height (generally more than 3 meters) it must include a device to prevent vertical falls. One of these devices consists of a rail located at the center of the ladder along which a carriage can slide, this carriage being connected to a harness worn by the user, locking in the rail during a fall.
Un autre dispositif de protection réside dans la provision d'une cage (ou crinoline) entourant l'échelle.Another protective device is the provision of a cage (or crinoline) surrounding the ladder.
Alors que l'accès à ces échelles dans le sens de leur gravissement à partir d'un plancher inférieur ne présente aucun danger, leur accès dans le sens de la descente à partir d'un plancher supérieur comporte plusieurs risques.While access to these ladders in the direction of their ascent from a lower floor does not present any danger, their access in the direction of descent from a higher floor presents several risks.
Tout d'abord pour ce qui concerne l'usager, se placer au-dessus du vide avant toute opération de mise en sécurité, l'accès à l'échelle étant découvert à partir d'une trappe ménagée dans le plancher, est un premier risque.First of all as far as the user is concerned, placing oneself above the vacuum before any safety operation, access to the ladder being discovered from a hatch in the floor, is a first risk.
Ensuite, en ce qui concerne la protection des usagers du plancher supérieur, la trappe ouverte constitue un danger contre lequel il convient de les protéger.Then, with regard to the protection of users of the upper floor, the open hatch constitutes a danger against which it is necessary to protect them.
L'invention propose un dispositif de protection de l'accès à une échelle à partir d'un plancher supérieur au travers d'une ouverture normalement recouverte par un panneau, comportant une plate-forme mobile entre une première position voisine de l'échelle et une seconde position éloignée de celle-ci, et un garde-corps s'étendant au-dessus du niveau de la plate-forme, dans lequel la plate-forme comporte des moyens de son verrouillage dans sa première position, ce dispositif comportant, au niveau du plancher supérieur, des moyens de prévention de l'accès à l'échelle susceptibles d'être placés en et hors service, et des moyens de déverrouillage de la plate-forme coopérant avec les moyens de prévention lorsque ceux-ci sont dans leur position "en service".The invention provides a device for protecting access to a ladder from an upper floor through an opening normally covered by a panel, comprising a platform movable between a first position close to the ladder and a second position remote from it, and a railing extending above the level of the platform, in which the platform has means for locking it in its first position, this device comprising, at the upper floor, means for preventing access to the ladder capable of being placed in and out of service, and means for unlocking the platform cooperating with the prevention means when these are in their "in service" position.
Dans une première variante de réalisation, les moyens de prévention sont constitués par le panneau d'obturation de l'ouverture du plancher.In a first alternative embodiment, the prevention means consist of the panel for closing the floor opening.
Le cas d'application de l'invention le plus fréquent est celui dans lequel l'échelle n'excède pas le niveau du plancher. Dans ces conditions, la plate-forme est située sous le plancher et le garde-corps s'étend entre le plancher de la plate-forme.The most frequent application of the invention is that in which the scale does not exceed the level of the floor. Under these conditions, the platform is located under the floor and the railing extends between the floor of the platform.
La hauteur séparant la plate-forme du plancher est de l'ordre de deux mètres.The height separating the platform from the floor is of the order of two meters.
C'est principalement dans ce cas de figure qu'il convient d'assurer la sécurité des usagers de la plate-forme, en plus de celle de l'usager de l'échelle.It is mainly in this scenario that it is necessary to ensure the safety of users of the platform, in addition to that of the user of the ladder.
Pour ce faire, la plate-forme comporte des moyens de son verrouillage dans sa première position.To do this, the platform includes means for locking it in its first position.
Ainsi appliqués aux échelles à crinoline, les moyens de déverrouillage de la plate-forme coopérent avec le panneau d'accès à l'échelle lorsque celui-ci est dans sa position de fermeture de l'accès à l'échelle.Thus applied to crinoline ladders, the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the ladder access panel when the latter is in its closed position for access to the ladder.
Dans ces conditions, l'usager de l'échelle ne peut descendre qu'après avoir refermé l'ouverture d'accès ménagée dans le plancher.Under these conditions, the user of the ladder can only descend after having closed the access opening made in the floor.
Appliqué aux échelles pourvues d'un rail ou d'une glissière anti-chute pour recevoir un coulisseau relié à un harnais revêtu par l'usager, les moyens de déverrouillage de la plate-forme coopérent avec le panneau lorsque celui-ci est dans sa position de fermeture de l'accès à l'échelle et avec le coulisseau lors de son introduction dans le rail anti-chute.Applied to ladders provided with a rail or an anti-fall slide to receive a slide connected to a harness covered by the user, the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the panel when the latter is in its closed position for access to the ladder and with the slide when it is inserted into the fall prevention rail.
Avec de telles échelles, la mise en sécurité de' l'usager de l'échelle demande une action de celui-ci consistant à mettre en service son harnais de sécurité. L'autorisation de descendre, par déverrouillage de la plate-forme est donc conditionnée d'une part à l'accomplissement de cette opération et d'autre part à la fermeture de la trappe, ce pour assurer la sécurité des usagers du plancher supérieur.With such ladders, securing the user of the ladder requires an action of the latter consisting in putting into service his safety harness. The authorization to descend, by unlocking the platform is therefore conditioned on the one hand to the accomplishment of this operation and on the other hand to the closing of the hatch, this to ensure the safety of users of the upper floor.
Dans une variante de réalisation appliquée également aux échelles pourvues d'un rail ou d'une glissière anti-chute destiné à recevoir un coulisseau relié à un harnais revêtu par l'usager, une partie au moins du garde-corps est déplaçable depuis une première position située au-dessus de la plate-forme et sous le niveau du plancher jusqu'à une seconde position où il est situé au moins partiellement, au-dessus du plancher. Dans ce cas, les moyens de déverrouillage de la plate-forme coopèrent avec le garde-corps lorsque celui-ci est dans sa seconde position et avec le coulisseau lors de son introduction dans le rail anti-chute, pour obtenir les mêmes conditions en ce qui concerne les sécurités à obtenir.In an alternative embodiment also applied to ladders provided with a rail or an anti-fall slide intended to receive a slide connected to a harness covered by the user, at least part of the railing can be moved from a first position located above the platform and below the level of the floor to a second position where it is located at least partially, above the floor. In this case, the means for unlocking the platform cooperate with the railing when the latter is in its second position and with the slide when it is inserted into the fall prevention rail, to obtain the same conditions in this case. which concerns the security to be obtained.
Enfin, il s'agit également de prendre en compte le cas où l'accès à une échelle à partir d'un plancher supérieur est soumis à une réglementation d'accès. Une telle disposition ne peut être réalisée qu'au moyen d'une trappe de condamnation de l'accès. Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, le panneau est coulissant dans une structure du plancher qui comporte des moyens de manoeuvre sur chacune de ses faces, des moyens de rappel automatique dans sa position d'obturation et des moyens de verrouillage, les moyens de rappel et de verrouillage comportant un pène porté par le panneau à coulissement horizontal associé à une tige de commande verticale terminée en partie inférieure par une poignée pour la tirer vers le bas, qui constitue l'un des moyens de manoeuvre du panneau et coopérant en partie supérieure avec une pédale d'enfoncement de la tige qui constitue l'autre moyen de manoeuvre du panneau.Finally, it is also necessary to take into account the case where access to a ladder from an upper floor is subject to access regulations. Such an arrangement can only be carried out by means of an access locking hatch. In a preferred embodiment, the panel is sliding in a structure of the floor which comprises maneuvering means on each of its faces, automatic return means in its closed position and locking means, the return means and locking device with a bolt carried by the horizontal sliding panel associated with a vertical control rod terminated in the lower part by a handle to pull it down, which constitutes one of the means for operating the panel and cooperating in the upper part with a depressing pedal of the rod which constitutes the other means of operating the panel.
Pour éviter une manoeuvre intempestive du panneau en appuyant par mégarde sur la pédale, celle-ci est montée à coulissement vertical dans le panneau et à rotation par rapport à ce panneau, des moyens d'indexation angulaire étant prévus entre la pédale et le panneau pour ne permettre l'enfoncement de la pédale que dans une position angulaire déterminée de celle-ci par rapport au panneau, un organe élastique de rappel étant attelé entre la pédale et le panneau pour éloigner la pédale de cette position.To avoid inadvertent operation of the panel by inadvertently pressing the pedal, the pedal is mounted to slide vertically in the panel and to rotate relative to this panel, angular indexing means being provided between the pedal and the panel for allow the pedal to be depressed only in a determined angular position thereof relative to the panel, an elastic return member being coupled between the pedal and the panel to move the pedal away from this position.
La condamnation de l'accès à toute personne non autorisée est assurée par des moyens de blocage de la pédale en position haute, associés à une serrure accessible par la face supérieure du panneau.The access to any unauthorized person is condemned by means of blocking the pedal in the high position, associated with a lock accessible by the upper face of the panel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise au cours de la description donnée ci-après de quelques exemples de réalisation qui permettront d'en dégager les avantages et d'autres caractéristiques.The invention will be better understood during the description given below of some exemplary embodiments which will make it possible to identify the advantages and other characteristics thereof.
Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue extérieure d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en élévation d'une variante de la figure 1 dans laquelle le garde-corps est mobile,
- les figures 3 et 4 illustrent des détails d'une trappe d'obturation de l'ouverture d'accès ménagée dans le plancher supérieur.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of a first embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a variant of FIG. 1 in which the railing is movable,
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate details of a shutter for closing the access opening in the upper floor.
Sur les deux premières figures, les exemples représentés concernent des échelles à rail anti-chute, qui ne comportent pas de portions s'élevant au-dessus du plancher. Il est évident que les éléments décrits sont aisément transposables d'une part aux échelles à crinoline et d'autre part aux échelles ayant une prolongation au-dessus du plancher par exemple lorsque celui-ci est une passerelle le long d'une paroi. Dans ce dernier cas, les moyens de l'invention, notamment la plate-forme, se trouvent au niveau même de ce plancher.In the first two figures, the examples shown relate to ladders with anti-fall rail, which do not include portions rising above the floor. It is obvious that the elements described are easily transposable on the one hand to crinoline ladders and on the other hand to ladders having an extension above the floor for example when the latter is a walkway along a wall. In the latter case, the means of the invention, in particular the platform, are located at the same level of this floor.
Au niveau d'un plancher supérieur 1 formé par exemple par une chaussée ou un trottoir, il existe des ouvertures, généralement recouvertes de panneaux tel que 2, par lesquels on peut descendre dans le réseau souterrain des égouts urbains ou plus généralement de canalisations techniques. De même, dans de nombreuses installations industrielles, de telles ouvertures sont pratiquées dans des planchers ou des passerelles pour donner passage à des couloirs de circulation technique, des puits d'accès, des gaines.... Ces conduits verticaux sont en général équipés de barreaux d'échelle 3 qui, pour former une échelle de sécurité comportent un rail central 4 destiné à recevoir un chariot ou coulisseau qui y coulisse (ou y roule) librement. Ce chariot comporte un organe d'attelage d'une longe qui est fixée à un harnais dont est revêtu l'usager de l'échelle. Le chariot, de manière connue, a la faculté de s'immobiliser dans le rail si l'usager chute.At an
L'invention veut protéger l'usager au moment de la mise en place du chariot dans le rail de sécurité. Il est prévu à cet effet une plate-forme 5 montée sur un châssis horizontal 6 et pouvant se déplacer le long de ce châssis entre une position où elle est voisine de l'échelle et une position où elle est écartée de l'échelle d'une distance suffisante pour permettre le passage d'un homme entre l'échelle et la plate-forme écartée. Un dispositif 7 connu en lui-même rappelle la plate-forme 5 dans sa première position avec une temporisation laissant suffisamment de temps pour le passage de l'usager tant à la descente qu'à la montée.The invention seeks to protect the user when the carriage is placed in the safety rail. There is provided for this purpose a
Enfin, un garde-corps 8 est disposé ici de manière fixe (en étant par exemple scellé à certaines des parois du puits de descente) pour délimiter un espace de sécurité autour de l'échelle pour une personne se tenant debout sur la plate-forme 5. La forme de ce garde-corps dépend bien entendu de la section du passage vertical. Il comprendra au plus trois côtés mais peut n'être constitué que d'une barrière parallèle à la paroi portant les barreaux d'échelle 3 si les parois latérales du passage sont suffisamment proches l'une de l'autre.Finally, a
Par ce dispositif, l'usager de l'échelle ayant revêtu le harnais, peut en toute sécurité descendre les quelques barreaux qui aboutissent à la plate-forme (qui sera par exemple entre 1,50 et 2 mètres sous la chaussée ou le plancher). Cette descente est réalisée à l'intérieur du garde-corps 8 et s'il se produit une chute, celle-ci sera de faible hauteur et cantonnée dans cet espace interne au garde-corps. Sur la plate-forme, l'usager relie le harnais au chariot présent à l'extrémité du rail 4. Il repousse alors la plate-forme 5 vers l'arrière en agissant au pied sur une pédale 9a qui a pour fonctions, d'une part de déverrouiller la plate-forme et d'autre part, de constituer un appui pour exercer la force nécessaire à la repousser. On ne décrira pas de manière détaillée les mécanismes liés à la pédale 9a pour assurer le verrouillage de la plate-forme, par exemple au châssis 6 dans sa première position. Il peut s'agir d'un loquet manoeuvré par la pédale contre un ressort de rappel. On mentionnera également que sur sa face inférieure, la plate-forme 5 comporte une poignée 9b (voir figure 2) pour déverrouiller la plate-forme et la déplacer vers l'arrière. Ainsi l'usager remontant l'échelle dégage le passage pour accéder à la sortie. L'usager étant passé sous la plate-forme, celle-ci est ramenée contre l'échelle au moyen de l'organe de rappel 7. On notera que pour atteindre la paroi, la plate-forme comporte une encoche 10 destinée au passage du rail 4.By this device, the user of the ladder having put on the harness, can safely descend the few bars which lead to the platform (which will be for example between 1.50 and 2 meters under the roadway or the floor) . This descent is carried out inside the
Sur cette figure, on a également représenté des moyens pour d'une part contraindre l'usager de l'échelle à se placer en situation de sécurité et d'autre part pour assurer la sécurité des usagers du plancher 1. L'ouverture est fermée par un panneau 2 qui peut coulisser horizontalement à l'encontre d'un dispositif de rappel en position d'obturation non représenté. Un dispositif 22 de verrouillage est prévu sur l'un des bords de ce panneau 2 et celui-ci s'enclenche automatiquement. Une pédale 23 qui sera représentée en détail aux figures 3 et 4 permet d'ouvrir ce panneau. En position de fermeture, le panneau 2 coopère avec un dispositif 24 qui est relie à un moyen de verrouillage ou verrou 25 de blocage de la plate-forme 5 dans sa première position voisine de l'échelle. Les organes 24 et 25 sont représentés schématiquement et peuvent prendre de nombreuses formes de réalisation. On mentionnera par exemple une came du dispositif 24 qui est actionnée par le panneau 2 et dont le mouvement est transmis par un câble 26 dans une gaine à un pène qui s'escamote.In this figure, there are also shown means for on the one hand forcing the user of the ladder to place themselves in a security situation and on the other hand for ensuring the safety of the users of the
De la même manière, un dispositif 27 est relié au verrou 25 par une liaison 28. Ce dispositif est manoeuvré au passage du chariot du harnais de sécurité dans le rail. Son mouvement peut être ainsi transmis à un second pène que comporterait le verrou 25, qui s'escamote de ce fait.Similarly, a
La plate-forme 5 peut être éloignée de l'échelle lorsque les deux pènes sont escamotés, ce qui signifie que l'usager de l'échelle est en situation de sécurité (relié au rail 4) et que la trappe est refermée. La sécurité des usagers du plancher est donc également assurée.The
A la figure 2 on retrouve la plupart des éléments déjà décrits avec les mêmes références. Dans la variante représentée, le garde-corps 8 est supporté par la paroi 11, où sont implantés les barreaux 3, au moyen de deux coulisses 12 et 13 guidées dans des glissières verticales 14 et 15 fixées à cette paroi. Les coulisses 12 et 13 sont d'une longueur suffisante pour qu'elles restent encore totalement en prise dans les glissières 14 et 15 après une élévation de l'ordre de la hauteur du garde-corps 8. Les coulisses 12 et 13 sont solidaires du garde-corps 8 par des structures latérales 16 qui seront calculées pour assurer à l'ensemble une résistancé suffisante. Un dispositif d'équilibrage du poids du garde-corps et de ses coulisses est symbolisé par les deux contrepoids 17 attelés au garde-corps 8 par des câbles 18 passant sur des poulies également fixées à la paroi 11. Par cet équilibrage, un usager sur la plate-forme 5 peut soulever sans difficultés le garde-corps pour le faire sortir au-dessus du niveau N du plancher. Le garde-corps 8 constitue alors une barrière de protection autour de l'ouverture d'accès au passage vertical qui reste ouverte pendant les opérations. Bien entendu, cette barrière ne comporte au plus que 3 côtés si le garde-corps est de section carrée. On peut néanmoins prévoir sur le quatrième côté une barre supérieure 20 toujours située au-dessus du premier barreau, à laquelle des éléments pesants (feuilles de matière plastique colorée) 21 peuvent être accrochés, pour matérialiser la barrière pour la vue même si celle-ci est physiquement franchissable.In Figure 2 we find most of the elements already described with the same references. In the variant shown, the
Dans une variante non représentée, on peut prévoir que le garde-corps soit attelé à un mécanisme permettant sa sortie automatique à l'ouverture du panneau d'accès (par exemple par le jeu de contrepoids plus lourds que le garde-corps lui-même). Un mécanisme de descente de ce garde-corps peut être prévu au niveau de la plate-forme 5 pour être actionné par l'usager avant qu'il ne quitte l'échelle dans le sens de la sortie.In a variant not shown, it can be provided that the railing is coupled to a mechanism allowing its automatic exit when the access panel opens (for example by the set of heavier counterweights than the railing itself ). A mechanism for lowering this railing can be provided at the level of the
Des organes de verrouillage seront également prévus le long des éléments en mouvement relatif pour les indexer en diverses positions et les immobiliser relativement dans ces positions. Enfin, seule une partie du garde-corps, ou un second garde-corps, doublant le premier fixé à demeure à la paroi 11, peuvent être mobiles.Locking members will also be provided along the elements in relative movement to index them in various positions and immobilize them relatively in these positions. Finally, only part of the railing, or a second railing, doubling the first permanently fixed to the
Sur cette figure 2, on retrouve également le verrou 25 associé au déclencheur 27 situé sur le rail et à un déclencheur 29 propre à être manoeuvré par une butée 29a du garde-corps amené en position haute.In this figure 2, there is also the
Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent des moyens de manoeuvre du panneau 2 qui comportent une pédale pour son déverrouillage et son actionnement depuis la face supérieure et une poignée pour son actionnement depuis sa face inférieure. Elles comportent également des moyens facultatifs de serrure condamnant la possibilité de manoeuvre depuis la face supérieure du panneau.Figures 3 and 4 illustrate means for operating the panel 2 which include a pedal for unlocking and actuating it from the upper face and a handle for actuating it from its lower face. They also include optional locking means condemning the possibility of operation from the upper face of the panel.
Ainsi, le panneau 30 posède un évidement 38 dans lequel est logée une pédale 39. Cette pédale est montée tournante sur une tige 40 par l'intermédiaire d'une bille de butée 41. La tige 40 traverse le panneau 30 et comporte un ergot 42 radial coopérant avec une fente oblique 43 ménagé dans un pène 44 qui peut être reçu par une gâche 45 du châssis de coulissement lorsque le panneau 30 est en position d'obturation de l'ouverture. Un ressort 46 tend à repousser constamment le pène 44 dans la gâche. On comprend qu'un mouvement vertical de la tige 40 vers le bas agit sur le pène qui rentre dans son logement dans le panneau 30 contre la force du ressort 46. La pente de la fente inclinée et la force du ressort 46 sont choisis pour que le mouvement soit réversible et qu'en l'absence de toute force extérieure l'ergot 42 se trouve dans sa position de la figure 4.Thus, the
Sous la paroi de fond du logement 38, la pédale 39 possède une collerette 47, comportant une échancrure en V 48. Le panneau 30 comporte, dans l'espace qui accueille la collerette 47, un élément en saillie 49 qui interfère avec cette collerette pour l'empêcher de descendre sauf si l'échancrure 48 est à l'aplomb de cette saillie 49. Un ressort 50, attelé entre le fond du logement et la pédale, tend à placer cette dernière dans une position angulaire (par exemple en butée sur un élément fixe non représenté) dans laquelle l'échancrure 48 est décalée par rapport à la saillie 49.Under the bottom wall of the
La tige 40 est pourvue à son autre extrémité (faisant saillie sous le panneau 30) d'une poignée de manoeuvre 51 permettant de la tirer vers le bas et de déplacer le panneau 30.The
Cette réalisation est adaptée à un type précis de condamnation d'accès au moyen d'une serrure ou un dispositif de blocage analogue. Ainsi, à la figure 3, on a représenté une serrure 56 dont le pène 57 peut être déplacé entre une position active dans laquelle il est présent sous la pédale 39 et une position de déblocage dans laquelle il est à l'extérieur de cette pédale. Cette serrure 56 est accessible depuis la face supérieure du panneau 30.This embodiment is suitable for a specific type of access lock by means of a lock or a similar blocking device. Thus, in Figure 3, there is shown a
L'utilisateur désirant atteindre l'échelle depuis le niveau supérieur, après avoir actionné la serrure 56, place son pied sur la pédale 39 pour la faire tourner dans le sens de la flèche A. La rotation, de l'ordre de 30 à 60°, sera limitée par une butée non représentée, qui arrête la pédale dans sa position angulaire où l'échancrure 48 est à l'aplomb de la saillie 49. L'enfoncement de la pédale est possible, ce qui entraîne le retrait du pène 44 hors de la gâche 45, par le déplacement vers le bas de la tige 40 dans le pène 44. L'utilisateur peut toujours avec le pied repousser le panneau pour dégager l'accès à l'échelle ou au tronçon inférieur de cette dernière. La nécessité de faire tourner la pédale pour l'enfoncer supprime tout risque d'enfoncement intempestif de cette dernière au simple passage d'une personne.The user wishing to reach the ladder from the upper level, after actuating the
Si l'utilisateur est sous le panneau, remontant l'échelle, il lui suffit de tirer sur la poignée 51 pour déverrouiller le panneau 30. On remarque que cette manoeuvre n'entraîne pas de mouvement de la pédale qui n'est pas liée axialement à la tige 40. Le déplacement du panneau peut donc être opéré même si l'accès par le dessus est condamné par la serrure 56.If the user is under the panel, going up the ladder, he just has to pull on the
Cette disposition constitue, en plus du "sas de sécurité" que l'invention crée au sommet d'une échelle, un moyen de condamnation sélective d'accès à l'échelle préservant le franchissement libre de cet accès pour toute personne s'extrayant de la zone à accès réglementé.This provision constitutes, in addition to the "security airlock" that the invention creates at the top of a ladder, a means of selective condemnation of access to the ladder preserving the free crossing of this access for any person escaping from the restricted area.
Claims (9)
- A device for safeguarding access to a ladder (3) having an anti-fall rail or a safety loop arrangement from a higher floor (1) through an opening which is normally covered by a panel (2), comprising a platform (5) movable between a first position close to the ladder (3) and a second position remote therefrom, and a guard rail arrangement (8) extending above the level of the platform (5), characterized in that the platform (5) comprises means (25) for locking it in its first position and that, at the level of the higher floor (1), the platform comprises means for preventing access to the ladder (3), said prevention means being capable of being in operation or out of operation and means (24, 29) for unlocking the platform (5) and co-operating with the prevention means when they are in their position of operation.
- A device according to claim 1 characterized in that the prevention means are formed by the panel (2) for closing off the opening in the floor.
- A device according to claim 2 applied to ladders provided with an anti-fall rail (4) for receiving a slide connected to a harness worn by the user characterized in that the means (24) for unlocking the platform (5) are actuated by the panel (2) when it is in its position of closing the opening for access to the ladder.
- A device according to claim 1 applied to ladders provided with an anti-fall rail (4) intended to receive a slide connected to a harness worn by the user, characterized in that the means for preventing access to the ladder (3) comprise a part at least of the guard rail arrangement (8) which is displaceable from a first position disposed above the platform (5) and below the level (N) of the floor (1) to a second position in which it is disposed at least partially above the floor (1) and cooperates with means (29) for unlocking the platform (5).
- A device according to claim 3 or claim 4 characterized in that the means (25) for locking the platform (5) also co-operate with an unlocking trip member (27) which detects the presence of the slide in the anti-fall rail (4).
- A device according to claim 1 characterized in that the panel (2) is slidable in a structure of the floor (1) and comprises actuating means (39, 51) on each of its faces, means for automatic return into its closure position and locking means comprising a bolt (44) carried by the panel (30) for horizontal sliding movement associated with a vertical actuating bar (40) which is terminated in its lower part by a handle (51) for pulling it downwardly, which constitutes one of the means for actuating the panel, and co-operating in its upper part with a pedal (23, 39) for depressing the bar, which constitutes the other means for actuating the panel.
- A device according to claim 6 characterized in that the pedal (39) is mounted vertically slidably in the panel (30) and rotatably with respect to said panel, angular indexing means (48, 49) being provided between the pedal and the panel to permit depression of the pedal only in a given angular position thereof with respect to the panel, a resilient return member (50) being connected between the pedal and the panel to move the pedal away from said position.
- A device according to claim 7 characterized in that it comprises means (57) for blocking the pedal in the raised position, said means being associated with a lock device (56) which is accessible at the upper face of the panel (30).
- A device according to claim 1 characterized in that the platform (5) comprises actuating means (9a, 9b) for moving it from the first to the second position, which means are disposed on each of its lower and upper faces, and a member (7) for automatic return thereof from its second position towards its first position.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8907395A FR2647684B1 (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1989-06-05 | DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A USER WHEN ACCESSING A SAFETY LADDER WITH A FALL RAIL FROM AN UPPER FLOOR |
FR8907395 | 1989-06-05 | ||
FR8907394A FR2647830B1 (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1989-06-05 | DEVICE FOR SECTIONING A VERTICAL CROSSING EQUIPPED WITH A LADDER |
FR8907394 | 1989-06-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0402214A1 EP0402214A1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
EP0402214B1 true EP0402214B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
Family
ID=26227368
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90401484A Expired - Lifetime EP0402214B1 (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1990-06-01 | Safety device for the access to a ladder from an upper floor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0402214B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE115676T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69015001T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2066162T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990015219A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9309892U1 (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1993-10-07 | Söll GmbH, 95028 Hof | Resting platform |
CN102889052B (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2015-06-17 | 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 | Ladder stand safety protection device on top of tower of wind driven generator |
DK2902625T3 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2018-01-02 | Siemens Ag | Hatch actuator for activating a hatch of a hatch |
FR3090713A1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-26 | Batiroc Protect | Removable fall protection device vis-à-vis openings on the ground, serving as a passageway and adaptable to different dimensions of openings |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2535544A (en) * | 1948-01-09 | 1950-12-26 | William D Mckinley | Safety ladder |
US3038555A (en) * | 1960-02-18 | 1962-06-12 | William A Da Lee Inc | Retractable safety landing for an access tube |
FR2495684A1 (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1982-06-11 | Risacher Marcel Charles | Safety cage for ladders - includes frame having rollers guided by uprights of ladder |
FR2558890B1 (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1986-06-20 | Coutier Charles Ets | DEVICE FOR CONCLUDING ACCESS TO CRINOLINE LADDERS |
FR2622631B1 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1990-11-30 | Coutier Ind | |
FR2635357B1 (en) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-10-26 | Coutier Ind | DEVICE FOR CONDEMNING LOWER ACCESS ON A LADDER |
-
1990
- 1990-06-01 WO PCT/FR1990/000383 patent/WO1990015219A1/en unknown
- 1990-06-01 EP EP90401484A patent/EP0402214B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-01 DE DE69015001T patent/DE69015001T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-01 ES ES90401484T patent/ES2066162T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-01 AT AT90401484T patent/ATE115676T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69015001D1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
WO1990015219A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
ATE115676T1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
DE69015001T2 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
EP0402214A1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
ES2066162T3 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
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