EP0554797B1 - Safety-valve for divers' timepiece - Google Patents

Safety-valve for divers' timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0554797B1
EP0554797B1 EP93101354A EP93101354A EP0554797B1 EP 0554797 B1 EP0554797 B1 EP 0554797B1 EP 93101354 A EP93101354 A EP 93101354A EP 93101354 A EP93101354 A EP 93101354A EP 0554797 B1 EP0554797 B1 EP 0554797B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
seal
tube
valve
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93101354A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0554797A1 (en
Inventor
Marc-André Miche
Gérard Palix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Management Services AG
Original Assignee
SMH Management Services AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMH Management Services AG filed Critical SMH Management Services AG
Publication of EP0554797A1 publication Critical patent/EP0554797A1/en
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Publication of EP0554797B1 publication Critical patent/EP0554797B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G04B37/10—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits of winding stems
    • G04B37/103—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits of winding stems by screwing the crown onto the case

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety valve comprising a hollow head provided with a skirt and a central core extended by a rod, a tube on which the head is mounted, this tube being intended to be fixed on a box of timepiece and comprising a bottom traversed by the rod, and a coil return spring surrounding the core and the rod.
  • the purpose of the valve is to allow either to inject a gas into the box, in order to make inside there a pressure higher than the ambient pressure, preventing the penetration of water, vapor or dust inside the box, or on the contrary to create a vacuum inside it in order to protect the movement from the effects of the air contained in the box when it is closed , or with a view to improving the tightness of the box by ambient pressure, helping to apply its various constituent elements against each other.
  • the document CH-A-492 246 proposes a valve arranged so as to open automatically when the ambient pressure is lower than that prevailing inside the box and to close in the opposite case, in order to prevent it from occurring inside the box, during intermittent uses of the watch in a gaseous pressurized environment and during the passage of the watch from the pressurized medium to the medium at ordinary pressure, an internal overpressure likely to cause damage to the box.
  • the valve of the present invention is characterized in that means are used to allow the head to occupy an extended position or a retracted position, that the first end of the spring bears under the head and the second end on a ring compressing in turn a first seal placed on said bottom and a second seal is placed under the head in line with the tube so that, when the head is in position retracted, said second seal is pressed against the tube, the valve then being inoperative and completely sealed and when the head is in the extended position, said first seal is capable of lifting against the return force of the spring if the fluid pressure prevailing at the inside of the box is higher than that prevailing outside to avoid an overpressure which could damage the box.
  • the single figure is a section through the valve of the invention, the right part showing the head in the extended position and the left part the head in the retracted position.
  • the safety valve 1 comprises a hollow head 3 provided with a skirt 30 and a central core 5 extended by a rod 8.
  • the head is mounted on a tube 4 fixed to a middle part 2 being part of a timepiece box.
  • the figure shows that this fixing takes place by screwing the tube into the middle, the tube carrying a thread 19 and the middle a tapping 20.
  • the tube 4 has a bottom 13 crossed by the rod 8.
  • the core 5 and the rod 8 are surrounded by a coil return spring 7.
  • the valve is remarkable in that it implements means to allow the head to occupy an extended position (right part of the figure) or a retracted position (left part of the figure).
  • these means consist of a thread 16 made outside the tube 4, this thread cooperating with a thread 15 made inside the skirt 30.
  • the head can thus take a screwed in position and an unscrewed extended position.
  • the invention is however not limited to the means indicated here, these means possibly being different, such as for example a bayonet closure.
  • the figure also shows that the spring 7 is supported under the head 3 by its first end 31.
  • the second end 32 of the spring 7 is supported on a ring 14 which in turn compresses a first seal 6 disposed on the bottom 13 which presents the tube 4.
  • a second seal 18 is placed under the head 3 in line with the tube 4.
  • the second seal 18 is pressed against the tube 4. It follows that the valve is then inoperative and completely sealed.
  • the plunger will screw the head of the valve, which will make the valve absolutely tight, not only by the crushing effect of the second seal 18, but also by the additional compression effect of the first seal 6, the spring 7 developing an additional force on this first seal when the head 3 is screwed.
  • the return spring 7 relaxes and the second seal 18 is no longer active.
  • the first seal 6 is capable of lifting against the return force of the spring 7 when the pressure of the fluid prevailing inside the box is higher than that prevailing outside. This is the case of the stay in the diving bell mentioned above. In this case, the plunger will unscrew the valve head to avoid overpressure, which could damage the box, for example by ejecting the ice.
  • the end 31 of the return spring 7 does not press directly under the head 3, but bears under this head by means of a ring 10 surrounding the central core 5
  • the figure shows that the ring 10 forms with the skirt 30 and the underside of the head 3, a housing 33 in which takes place the second seal 18.
  • the figure also shows that the rod 8 has a thread 22 which is screwed into a thread 21 made in the central core 5.
  • the rod 8 is terminated by a head 23 allowing the rod to be screwed onto the core.
  • the skirt 30 comprises a longitudinal knurling 28 allowing good grip.
  • the tube 4 carries a collar 34 which on the one hand serves to limit the stroke of the head and, on the other hand, makes it possible to seal the tube with respect to the middle part 2 by interposing a gasket 24.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à une soupape de sécurité comprenant une tête évidée munie d'une jupe et d'un noyau central prolongé par une tige, un tube sur lequel est monté la tête, ce tube étant destiné à être fixé sur une boîte de pièce d'horlogerie et comportant un fond traversé par la tige, et un ressort de rappel à boudin entourant le noyau et la tige.The present invention relates to a safety valve comprising a hollow head provided with a skirt and a central core extended by a rod, a tube on which the head is mounted, this tube being intended to be fixed on a box of timepiece and comprising a bottom traversed by the rod, and a coil return spring surrounding the core and the rod.

Il est connu de munir une boîte de montre d'une soupape.It is known to provide a watch case with a valve.

Toutefois, dans les constructions existantes, le but de la soupape est de permettre soit d'insuffler un gaz dans la boîte, afin de faire régner à l'intérieur de celle-ci une pression supérieure à la pression ambiante, empêchant la pénétration d'eau, de vapeur ou de poussière à l'intérieur de la boîte, soit au contraire de faire le vide à l'intérieur de celle-ci en vue de soustraire le mouvement aux effets de l'air contenu dans la boîte lors de sa fermeture, ou en vue d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la boîte par la pression ambiante contribuant à appliquer les uns contre les autres ses différents éléments constitutifs.However, in existing constructions, the purpose of the valve is to allow either to inject a gas into the box, in order to make inside there a pressure higher than the ambient pressure, preventing the penetration of water, vapor or dust inside the box, or on the contrary to create a vacuum inside it in order to protect the movement from the effects of the air contained in the box when it is closed , or with a view to improving the tightness of the box by ambient pressure, helping to apply its various constituent elements against each other.

Toutefois, ces constructions n'ont jamais été utilisées pour éliminer les effets, sur la boîte de la montre, d'une longue station de celle-ci en un milieu gazeux sous forte pression.However, these constructions have never been used to eliminate the effects, on the watch case, of a long station thereof in a gaseous medium under high pressure.

En effet, on a constaté que, quelles que soient les qualités d'étanchéité des boîtes de montres réalisées jusqu'à ce jour, lorsqu'elles sont soumises pendant des durées relativement longues, de l'ordre de plusieurs centaines d'heures, à des pressions relativement fortes, de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines d'atmosphères, et spécialement lorsque l'atmosphère ambiante est faite d'un gaz à molécules de petite dimension, comme c'est le cas de l'hélium par exemple, qu'on utilise fréquemment dans les cloches de plongée, la pression à l'intérieur de la boîte finit par augmenter considérablement.Indeed, it has been found that, whatever the sealing qualities of the watch cases produced to date, when they are subjected for relatively long periods, of the order of several hundred hours, to relatively high pressures, of the order of several tens of atmospheres, and especially when the ambient atmosphere is made up of a gas with small molecules, such as helium for example, which is frequently used in diving bells, the pressure inside the box eventually increases dramatically.

De telles conditions d'emploi ne sont pas hypothétiques mais existent dans la réalité, notamment lorsque la montre est utilisée à de grandes profondeurs sous-marines, au cours de travaux s'effectuant sous cloche. La plongée est dite "en saturation". (référence à l'annexe normative de la norme ISO 6425 pour montre de plongée).Such conditions of use are not hypothetical but exist in reality, especially when the watch is used at great depths underwater, during work carried out under a bell. The dive is said to be "in saturation". (reference to the normative appendix to ISO 6425 for diving watches).

Au cours du retour de la montre dans une atmosphère à pression normale, et cela malgré les paliers de décompression qui sont nécessaires aux occupants de la cloche, il se produit une surpression intérieure dans la boîte de la montre, qui peut provoquer l'"éclatement" de celle-ci, c'est-à-dire l'éjection de sa glace, en particulier.During the return of the watch to an atmosphere at normal pressure, and this despite the decompression stops which are necessary for the occupants of the bell, there is an internal overpressure in the watch case, which can cause "bursting". "of it, that is to say the ejection of its ice, in particular.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, le document CH-A-492 246 propose une soupape agencée de manière à s'ouvrir automatiquement lorsque la pression ambiante est inférieure à celle régnant à l'intérieur de la boîte et à se fermer dans le cas inverse, en vue d'empêcher qu'il se produise à l'intérieur de la boîte, lors d'utilisations intermittentes de la montre en milieu gazeux surpressé et au cours du passage de la montre du milieu surpressé au milieu à pression ordinaire, une surpression intérieure susceptible de provoquer une détérioration de la boîte.To remedy this drawback, the document CH-A-492 246 proposes a valve arranged so as to open automatically when the ambient pressure is lower than that prevailing inside the box and to close in the opposite case, in order to prevent it from occurring inside the box, during intermittent uses of the watch in a gaseous pressurized environment and during the passage of the watch from the pressurized medium to the medium at ordinary pressure, an internal overpressure likely to cause damage to the box.

Etant donné que des précautions sont prises pour éviter l'éclatement de la montre lors d'une remontée en provenance de grandes profondeurs, mais en milieu gazeux, le porteur de la montre pourrait souhaiter utiliser la même montre pour des grandes profondeurs mais dans un milieu liquide cette fois-ci. Or la construction préconisée par le document cité montre que la soupape souffre d'imperfection si la haute pression est appliquée à l'extérieur de la montre. Le joint torique utilisé peut rouler hors de son logement si une haute pression est appliquée sur la tête de la soupape. D'autre part, du fait que la course de la soupape est limitée dans la direction rentrante, il faut disposer le logement du joint avec grande précision pour assurer une bonne application de celui-ci sur la boîte de montre. En un mot, il n'est pas aisé de construire une soupape s'ouvrant facilement quand la pression intérieure est plus grande que la pression ambiante et fermant hermétiquement quand la pression est dirigée dans l'autre sens. On mentionnera également que l'utilisation de la pièce d'horlogerie en milieu liquide est beaucoup plus fréquente que l'utilisation sous cloche à atmosphère d'hélium. Il est donc nécessaire que la soupape garantisse une étanchéité parfaite lors de plongées sous-marines tout en assurant son rôle de soupape si la pièce d'horlogerie est utilisée occasionnellement sous cloche.Since precautions are taken to prevent the watch from bursting during an ascent from great depths, but in a gaseous medium, the wearer of the watch may wish to use the same watch for great depths but in a medium liquid this time. The construction recommended by the cited document shows that the valve suffers from imperfection if high pressure is applied to the outside of the watch. The O-ring used can roll out of its housing if high pressure is applied to the valve head. On the other hand, because the valve stroke is limited in the re-entrant direction, it is necessary to arrange the seal housing with great precision to ensure proper application of the latter on the watch case. In a word, it is not easy to build a valve which opens easily when the internal pressure is greater than the ambient pressure and closes tightly when the pressure is directed in the other direction. It will also be mentioned that the use of the timepiece in a liquid medium is much more frequent than the use in a bell chamber with a helium atmosphere. It is therefore necessary for the valve to guarantee a perfect seal during underwater dives while ensuring its role as a valve if the timepiece is used occasionally in a bell.

Pour garantir cette double fonction sans défaillance la soupape de la présente invention est caractérisée en ce que des moyens sont mis en oeuvre pour permettre à la tête d'occuper une position sortie ou une position rentrée, que la première extrémité du ressort prend appui sous la tête et la seconde extrémité sur une bague comprimant à son tour un premier joint d'étanchéité disposé sur ledit fond et qu'un second joint d'étanchéité est disposé sous la tête au droit du tube de sorte que, lorsque la tête est en position rentrée, ledit second joint est pressé contre le tube, la soupape étant alors inopérante et totalement étanche et lorsque la tête est en position sortie, ledit premier joint est susceptible de se soulever contre la force de rappel du ressort si la pression de fluide régnant à l'intérieur de la boîte est plus élevée que celle régnant à l'extérieur pour éviter une surpression susceptible d'endommager la boîte.To guarantee this double function without failure, the valve of the present invention is characterized in that means are used to allow the head to occupy an extended position or a retracted position, that the first end of the spring bears under the head and the second end on a ring compressing in turn a first seal placed on said bottom and a second seal is placed under the head in line with the tube so that, when the head is in position retracted, said second seal is pressed against the tube, the valve then being inoperative and completely sealed and when the head is in the extended position, said first seal is capable of lifting against the return force of the spring if the fluid pressure prevailing at the inside of the box is higher than that prevailing outside to avoid an overpressure which could damage the box.

L'invention va être comprise maintenant à la lecture de la description qui suit et du dessin qui l'illustre à titre d'exemple.The invention will now be understood on reading the description which follows and the drawing which illustrates it by way of example.

La figure unique est une coupe dans la soupape de l'invention, la partie de droite montrant la tête en position sortie et la partie de gauche la tête en position rentrée.The single figure is a section through the valve of the invention, the right part showing the head in the extended position and the left part the head in the retracted position.

Comme cela est apparent sur la figure, la soupape de sécurité 1 comprend une tête évidée 3 munie d'une jupe 30 et d'un noyau central 5 prolongé par une tige 8. La tête est montée sur un tube 4 fixé à une carrure 2 faisant partie d'une boîte de pièce d'horlogerie. La figure montre que cette fixation a lieu par vissage du tube dans la carrure, le tube portant un filetage 19 et la carrure un taraudage 20. Le tube 4 comporte un fond 13 traversé par la tige 8. Le noyau 5 et la tige 8 sont entourés par un ressort de rappel à boudin 7.As is apparent in the figure, the safety valve 1 comprises a hollow head 3 provided with a skirt 30 and a central core 5 extended by a rod 8. The head is mounted on a tube 4 fixed to a middle part 2 being part of a timepiece box. The figure shows that this fixing takes place by screwing the tube into the middle, the tube carrying a thread 19 and the middle a tapping 20. The tube 4 has a bottom 13 crossed by the rod 8. The core 5 and the rod 8 are surrounded by a coil return spring 7.

La soupape est remarquable en ce qu'elle met en oeuvre des moyens pour permettre à la tête d'occuper une position sortie (partie droite de la figure) ou une position rentrée (partie gauche de la figure). Comme on le voit sur la figure, ces moyens consistent en un filetage 16 pratiqué à l'extérieur du tube 4, ce filetage coopérant avec un taraudage 15 pratiqué à l'intérieur de la jupe 30. La tête peut ainsi prendre une position rentrée vissée et une position sortie dévissée. L'invention n'est cependant pas limitée aux moyens indiqués ici, ces moyens pouvant être différents, comme par exemple une fermeture à baïonnette.The valve is remarkable in that it implements means to allow the head to occupy an extended position (right part of the figure) or a retracted position (left part of the figure). As can be seen in the figure, these means consist of a thread 16 made outside the tube 4, this thread cooperating with a thread 15 made inside the skirt 30. The head can thus take a screwed in position and an unscrewed extended position. The invention is however not limited to the means indicated here, these means possibly being different, such as for example a bayonet closure.

La figure montre encore que le ressort 7 prend appui sous la tête 3 par sa première extrémité 31. La seconde extrémité 32 du ressort 7 prend appui sur une bague 14 qui comprime à son tour un premier joint d'étanchéité 6 disposé sur le fond 13 qui présente le tube 4. On voit également sur la figure qu'un second joint d'étanchéité 18 est disposé sous la tête 3 au droit du tube 4.The figure also shows that the spring 7 is supported under the head 3 by its first end 31. The second end 32 of the spring 7 is supported on a ring 14 which in turn compresses a first seal 6 disposed on the bottom 13 which presents the tube 4. It can also be seen in the figure that a second seal 18 is placed under the head 3 in line with the tube 4.

Ainsi, lorsque la tête 3 est en position rentrée, le second joint 18 est pressé contre le tube 4. Il s'ensuit que la soupape est alors inopérante et complètement étanche. Quand la pièce d'horlogerie est employée en milieu liquide et à de grandes profondeurs, le plongeur vissera la tête de la soupape, ce qui rendra la soupape absolument étanche, non seulement par l'effet d'écrasement du second joint 18, mais encore par l'effet de compression supplémentaire du premier joint 6, le ressort 7 développant une force additionnelle sur ce premier joint quand la tête 3 est vissée.Thus, when the head 3 is in the retracted position, the second seal 18 is pressed against the tube 4. It follows that the valve is then inoperative and completely sealed. When the timepiece is used in a liquid medium and at great depths, the plunger will screw the head of the valve, which will make the valve absolutely tight, not only by the crushing effect of the second seal 18, but also by the additional compression effect of the first seal 6, the spring 7 developing an additional force on this first seal when the head 3 is screwed.

Inversement, lors de la tête 3 est en position sortie, le ressort de rappel 7 se détend et le second joint 18 n'est plus actif. Ainsi, le premier joint 6 est susceptible de se soulever contre la force de rappel du ressort 7 quand la pression du fluide régnant à l'intérieur de la boîte est plus élevée que celle régnant à l'extérieur. C'est le cas du séjour dans la cloche à plongeur évoqué plus haut. Ainsi dans ce cas, le plongeur dévissera la tête de soupape pour éviter une surpression risquant d'endommager la boîte, par exemple par éjection de la glace.Conversely, when the head 3 is in the extended position, the return spring 7 relaxes and the second seal 18 is no longer active. Thus, the first seal 6 is capable of lifting against the return force of the spring 7 when the pressure of the fluid prevailing inside the box is higher than that prevailing outside. This is the case of the stay in the diving bell mentioned above. In this case, the plunger will unscrew the valve head to avoid overpressure, which could damage the box, for example by ejecting the ice.

Dans le mode d'exécution illustré sur la figure, l'extrémité 31 du ressort de rappel 7 n'appuie pas directement sous la tête 3, mais prend appui sous cette tête par l'intermédiaire d'une bague 10 entourant le noyau central 5. La figure montre que la bague 10 forme avec la jupe 30 et le dessous de la tête 3, un logement 33 dans lequel prend place le second joint d'étanchéité 18. La figure montre aussi que la tige 8 comporte un filetage 22 qui est vissé dans un taraudage 21 pratiqué dans le noyau central 5. La tige 8 est terminée par une tête 23 permettant de visser la tige sur le noyau.In the embodiment illustrated in the figure, the end 31 of the return spring 7 does not press directly under the head 3, but bears under this head by means of a ring 10 surrounding the central core 5 The figure shows that the ring 10 forms with the skirt 30 and the underside of the head 3, a housing 33 in which takes place the second seal 18. The figure also shows that the rod 8 has a thread 22 which is screwed into a thread 21 made in the central core 5. The rod 8 is terminated by a head 23 allowing the rod to be screwed onto the core.

On remarquera aussi que la jupe 30 comprend un moletage longitudinal 28 permettant une bonne préhension. Enfin le tube 4 porte une collerette 34 qui d'une part sert de limitation de course à la tête et d'autre part permet d'étanchéifier le tube par rapport à la carrure 2 par interposition d'une garniture d'étanchéité 24.It will also be noted that the skirt 30 comprises a longitudinal knurling 28 allowing good grip. Finally the tube 4 carries a collar 34 which on the one hand serves to limit the stroke of the head and, on the other hand, makes it possible to seal the tube with respect to the middle part 2 by interposing a gasket 24.

Claims (4)

  1. Safety valve (1) comprising a hollowed-out head (3) provided with a skirt (30) and a central core (5) prolonged by a stem (8), a tube (4) onto which the head is mounted, said tube being intended to be secured onto a timepiece case (2) and including a bottom (13) traversed by the stem, and a helical return spring (7) surrounding the core and the stem, characterized by the fact that means (15, 16) are operable to enable the head to occupy an outward position or an inward position, that the first end (31) of the spring (7) bears under the head and the second end (32) onto a ring (14) which in turn compresses a first seal (6) arranged on said bottom (13) and that a second seal (18) is arranged under the head in line with the tube in such a manner that, when the head is in its inward position, said second seal is pressed against the tube, the valve then being inoperative and totally sealed and, when the head is in its outward position, said first seal is able to rise up against the return force of the spring if the fluid pressure prevailing within the case is higher than that prevailing on the exterior so as to avoid excessive pressure capable of damaging the case.
  2. Valve according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said means consist of a thread (16) formed on the outside of the tube (4), said thread cooperating with an internal threading (15) formed on the interior of the skirt (30) in order to enable the head (3) to be unscrewed into an outward position or screwed into an inward position.
  3. Valve according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first end (31) of the spring (7) bears on a ring (10) surrounding the central core (5) and resting under the head (3), such ring forming, together with the skirt (30) and the underside of the head, a housing (33) for the second seal.
  4. Valve according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the stem (8) includes a thread (22) screwed into an internal threading (21) formed in the central core (5).
EP93101354A 1992-02-07 1993-01-29 Safety-valve for divers' timepiece Expired - Lifetime EP0554797B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH356/92 1992-02-07
CH356/92A CH682199B5 (en) 1992-02-07 1992-02-07 Safety valve for a timepiece diver.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0554797A1 EP0554797A1 (en) 1993-08-11
EP0554797B1 true EP0554797B1 (en) 1995-12-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93101354A Expired - Lifetime EP0554797B1 (en) 1992-02-07 1993-01-29 Safety-valve for divers' timepiece

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5257247A (en)
EP (1) EP0554797B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3223334B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1034888C (en)
CH (1) CH682199B5 (en)
DE (1) DE69300982T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2083782T3 (en)
TW (1) TW209282B (en)

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CN109751441A (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-14 奥米加股份有限公司 Wrist-watch safety valve

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3223334B2 (en) 2001-10-29
EP0554797A1 (en) 1993-08-11
DE69300982D1 (en) 1996-01-25
CH682199B5 (en) 1994-02-15
ES2083782T3 (en) 1996-04-16
JPH0627254A (en) 1994-02-04
CN1075217A (en) 1993-08-11
DE69300982T2 (en) 1996-08-08
US5257247A (en) 1993-10-26
CH682199GA3 (en) 1993-08-13
TW209282B (en) 1993-07-11
CN1034888C (en) 1997-05-14

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