EP0548396B1 - Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied - Google Patents

Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0548396B1
EP0548396B1 EP91122141A EP91122141A EP0548396B1 EP 0548396 B1 EP0548396 B1 EP 0548396B1 EP 91122141 A EP91122141 A EP 91122141A EP 91122141 A EP91122141 A EP 91122141A EP 0548396 B1 EP0548396 B1 EP 0548396B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inlet flow
ramps
burner
nozzles
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91122141A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0548396A1 (en
Inventor
Robert E. Prof. Dr. Breidenthal
Jakob Dr. Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Priority to DE59104727T priority Critical patent/DE59104727D1/en
Priority to EP91122141A priority patent/EP0548396B1/en
Priority to US07/985,316 priority patent/US5340306A/en
Priority to JP34202992A priority patent/JP3219875B2/en
Publication of EP0548396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0548396A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0548396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0548396B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/0015—Whirl chambers, e.g. vortex valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for mixing two gaseous components according to the preamble of claim 1 and on a burner according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the independent claims, solves the problem of creating a device for mixing two gaseous components, which produces particularly intensive vortices, as are necessary for a particularly intimate and uniform mixing of the components, and one Specify burner whose ability to generate a primary temperature distribution as uniform as possible is advantageously increased by this device.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that simple measures in the area of the inflow of one of the gaseous components result in a particularly intimate, uniform and rapid mixing of the two components. If this device is used in a burner of the type described, a particularly uniform mixing of the Combustion air with the gaseous fuel is reached before the onset of the reaction, which results in very good combustion characteristics, in particular the occurrence of undesired combustion products, such as NOx, is advantageously reduced.
  • the fuel is also better utilized, which suppresses the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and carbon monoxide.
  • the irregular cross section of the inflow gap has the result that a particularly intensive vortex formation of the inflowing combustion air occurs in the area around the lateral edges of the ramps, which constrict the cross section in places.
  • a particularly intimate and effective mixing is therefore possible with the combustible gas injected in the area between the ramps.
  • These vortices are so intense that they also partially act in the area downstream of the tear-off edge of the ramps and also incorporate the combustible gas injected there through additional injection nozzles into the particularly intensive mixing process.
  • the burner 1 shows a schematic, highly simplified, perspective illustration of one of the burners 1 of a gas turbine system.
  • This burner 1 can also be used in other systems in which hot gases are generated.
  • the burner 1 consists of two hollow partial cone bodies 2, 3, the central axes of which run parallel and are offset from one another in the radial direction.
  • a collar 4 which is only partially shown, connects the partial cone bodies 2, 3 to one another.
  • the remaining brackets for the burner 1 and the inflow channels for the combustion air are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the displacement of the partial cone bodies 2, 3 creates two inflow gaps 5 each between an outer edge 6 and an adjacent inner edge 7 of the partial cone bodies 2, 3.
  • the two partial cone bodies 2, 3 each have the same opening angle.
  • a burner nozzle 8 is indicated with an arrow 9, which shows the supply of liquid fuel into the burner nozzle 8.
  • the burner 1 can also be operated without feeding the burner nozzle 8.
  • a guide plate 10 is generally rigidly attached to each of the outer edges 6. But it is also conceivable to attach this guide plate 10 in an adjustable manner. Between each guide plate 10 and the opposite outer wall of the corresponding one of the partial cone bodies 2 or 3, an inflow channel 11 is formed, which opens into the inflow gap 5. The course of the inflow channel 11 is shown schematically in FIG. 2. Arrows 12 indicate the inflow of the combustion air, which is almost tangential through the inflow gap 5 into the interior of the Partial cone body 2, 3 flows. The remaining supply of the combustion air is not shown. Inflow nozzles 13 are provided along the outer edge 6 for introducing gaseous or gaseous fuel into the area of the inflow gap 5.
  • the associated fuel supply duct which is located on the outside of the burner 1, is not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of a better overview, in FIG 2, however, the fuel supply channel 14 is indicated.
  • an arrow 15 indicates the direction of flow of the inflowing gaseous fuel.
  • ramps 16 are attached to the guide plates 10 in the inflow duct 11, which thicken in the direction of the inflowing combustion air onto the inflow gap 5 and which end in front of the inflow gap 5 with a tear-off edge 17.
  • the inflow nozzles 13 are arranged in the region next to and / or after the tear-off edge 17 of the ramps 16.
  • the inflow nozzles 13 are arranged in the range from the simple to approximately five times the hydraulic diameter of the ramps 16.
  • the distance between the inflow nozzles 13 and the tear-off edge 17 is comparatively large compared to the diameter of the inflow nozzles 13.
  • the swirling flow of the combustion air that separates from the tear-off edge 17 is shown in FIG. 2 by an arrow 18.
  • the ramps 16 extend into the inflow channel 11 to a length which corresponds approximately to three to five times the height of the inflow gap 5.
  • the same measure is also the minimum length of the inflow channel 11, and an extension of the inflow channel 11 beyond this minimum measure can bring about an improvement in flow.
  • Fig. 1 only two ramps 16 are specified on each of the baffles 10. However, it is advantageous to provide the entire length of the baffles 10 with such ramps 16, so as to ensure good mixing of the gaseous fuel with the incoming combustion air even in the narrower part of the burner to reach. It is also possible to provide only that part of the burner 1 with ramps 16 which is adjacent to the outlet into the combustion chamber, since particularly good mixing of the gaseous fuel with the combustion air is important in this area.
  • the section A-A indicated in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3. Between the ramps 16 there is an intermediate space 19 which is approximately the same width as the ramps 16.
  • Fuel jets 20 indicate in which area the inflow nozzles 13 introduce the gaseous fuel behind the cutting plane.
  • Vortexes 21 schematically outlined indicate the locations of the most violent eddying of the incoming combustion air.
  • the vortices generated by the ramps 16 are intended to amplify the momentum of the fuel jets 20.
  • the inflow nozzles 13 for the fuel inlet are arranged in such a way that the fuel reaches the area of the largest radially inwardly directed air velocity components in the area of the vortices 21.
  • the width of the spaces 19 does not have to correspond to the width of the ramps 16 in all applications.
  • the optimal mixing conditions can be set from case to case if the burner is optimized for certain applications. It is also possible to design burners in such a way that the width of the ramps 16 increases in the direction of the burner outlet.
  • the mixing can also be influenced by the height of the tear-off edge 17.
  • the tear-off edge will have a height of approximately 25% to approximately 50% of the height of the inflow gap 5.
  • These values can also be optimized for the particular application of the burner.
  • the ramps 16 can also be replaced or supplemented by milling in the guide plate 10 with the same effect, in particular when upgrading existing systems, this variant could be selected advantageously.
  • the device according to the invention for mixing two gaseous components can not only be used advantageously in burners or similar devices, as described in the exemplary embodiment, it can also be used wherever particularly intimate mixing of two gases is required. It is also conceivable to intimately mix different vapors or also vapors and gases with one another with this device.
  • the gaseous fuel flowing in through the inlet nozzles 13 is mixed with the combustion air.
  • the momentum of the rays of the incoming high-calorific fuel is not sufficient for an intimate mixing of the two components. Even with reasonable technical effort, it is not possible to increase this momentum.
  • the ramps 16 with the tear-off edge 17 in the inflow channel 11 produce a targeted arrangement of longitudinal vortices in the inflow gap 5, as indicated by the arrow 18 and the vortices 21. These longitudinal vortices hit the fuel jets 20 and carry the gaseous fuel with them and ensure optimal mixing of the fuel with the combustion air.
  • the actual combustion takes place in the known flame front 22 of this type of burner.
  • a backflow zone 23 also forms, which stabilizes the flame front 22. With this burner, the intimate mixing of the fuels with the combustion air leads to combustion with very low thermal NOx generation and good utilization of the energy content of the fuels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung für die Vermischung zweier gasförmiger Komponenten gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und von einem Brenner gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention is based on a device for mixing two gaseous components according to the preamble of claim 1 and on a burner according to the preamble of claim 8.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Aus der Patentanmeldung EP-A-0 031 206 ist ein mit Luft und einem brennbaren Gas betriebener Brenner bekannt, der eine Mittelachse aufweist, die gleichzeitig auch die Achse der Einströmung der Verbrennungsluft darstellt. Der Brenner weist einen Einströmkanal für die Verbrennungsluft auf, der in einen Einströmspalt mündet. Der Einströmspalt weist ein düsenartiges Engnis auf. Nach diesem Engnis führen Einströmdüsen das brennbare Gas zu. Die Vermischung der beiden gasförmigen Komponenten erfolgt im Bereich nach dem Engnis. Das düsenartige Engnis weist eine gleichmässig breite Öffnung auf, sodass die Intensität der sich im Engnis ausbildenden Luftwirbel vergleichsweise gering ist, was sich auf die Güte der Vermischung auswirkt.From patent application EP-A-0 031 206 a burner operated with air and a combustible gas is known, which has a central axis, which at the same time also represents the axis of the inflow of the combustion air. The burner has an inflow channel for the combustion air, which opens into an inflow gap. The inflow gap has a nozzle-like throat. According to this narrowing, inflow nozzles supply the combustible gas. The two gaseous components are mixed in the area according to the constriction. The nozzle-like throat has a uniformly wide opening, so that the intensity of the air vortices that form in the throat is comparatively low, which affects the quality of the mixing.

Aus der Patentschrift EP-B-0 321 809 ist ein Brenner mit zwei hohlen Teilkegelkörpern bekannt, deren parallel zueinander verlaufenden Mittelachsen gegeneinander versetzt sind. Dieser Brenner weist zwei tangential ausgerichtete Einströmspalte für die Verbrennungsluft auf. Im Bereich der Einströmspalte wird der Verbrennungsluft mittels Einströmdüsen gasförmiger Brennstoff zugemischt.From the patent EP-B-0 321 809, a burner with two hollow partial cone bodies is known, the central axes of which are parallel to one another and offset from one another. This burner has two tangentially aligned inflow gaps for the combustion air. In the area of the inflow gaps, gaseous fuel is mixed into the combustion air using inflow nozzles.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Die Erfindung, wie sie in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung für die Vermischung zweier gasförmiger Komponenten zu schaffen, welche besonders intensive Wirbel, wie sie zu einer besonders innigen und gleichförmigen Vermischung der Komponenten nötig sind, erzeugt, und einen Brenner anzugeben, dessen Fähigkeit, eine möglichst gleichförmige Primärtemperaturverteilung zu erzeugen, durch diese Vorrichtung vorteilhaft gesteigert wird.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the independent claims, solves the problem of creating a device for mixing two gaseous components, which produces particularly intensive vortices, as are necessary for a particularly intimate and uniform mixing of the components, and one Specify burner whose ability to generate a primary temperature distribution as uniform as possible is advantageously increased by this device.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass durch einfache Massnahmen im Bereich der Zuströmung einer der gasförmigen Komponenten, eine besonders innige, gleichförmige und schnelle Vermischung der beiden Komponenten erreicht wird. Wird diese Vorrichtung in einem Brenner der beschriebenen Art eingesetzt, so wird eine besonders gleichförmige Vermischung der Verbrennungsluft mit dem gasförmigen Brennstoff vor dem Einsetzen der Reaktion erreicht, woraus eine sehr gute Verbrennungscharakteristik resultiert, insbesondere wird das Auftreten von unerwünschten Verbrennungsprodukten, wie z.B. NOx, vorteilhaft reduziert. Zudem wird der Brennstoff auch besser ausgenutzt, wodurch die Entstehung von ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen und von Kohlenmonoxid unterdrückt wird.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that simple measures in the area of the inflow of one of the gaseous components result in a particularly intimate, uniform and rapid mixing of the two components. If this device is used in a burner of the type described, a particularly uniform mixing of the Combustion air with the gaseous fuel is reached before the onset of the reaction, which results in very good combustion characteristics, in particular the occurrence of undesired combustion products, such as NOx, is advantageously reduced. The fuel is also better utilized, which suppresses the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and carbon monoxide.

Der unregelmässig ausgebildete Querschnitt des Einströmspalts hat zur Folge, dass im Bereich um die seitlichen Kanten der den Querschnitt stellenweise einengenden Rampen eine besonders intensive Wirbelbildung der zuströmenden Verbrennungsluft auftritt. Mit dem im Bereich zwischen den Rampen eingespritzten brennbaren Gas ist deshalb eine besonders innige und wirksame Vermischung möglich. Diese Wirbel sind derart intensiv, dass sie auch teilweise in den Bereich stromabwärts der Abreisskante der Rampen wirken und das dort durch zusätzliche Einspritzdüsen eingespritzte brennbare Gas ebenfalls in den besonders intensiven Mischvorgang einbeziehen.The irregular cross section of the inflow gap has the result that a particularly intensive vortex formation of the inflowing combustion air occurs in the area around the lateral edges of the ramps, which constrict the cross section in places. A particularly intimate and effective mixing is therefore possible with the combustible gas injected in the area between the ramps. These vortices are so intense that they also partially act in the area downstream of the tear-off edge of the ramps and also incorporate the combustible gas injected there through additional injection nozzles into the particularly intensive mixing process.

Die weiteren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstände der abhängigen Ansprüche.The further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung, ihre Weiterbildung und die damit erzielbaren Vorteile werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung, welche lediglich einen möglichen Ausführungsweg darstellt, näher erläutert.The invention, its further development and the advantages which can be achieved therewith are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents only one possible embodiment.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine erste Ausgestaltung der Erfindung,
Fig.2
einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch die Anordnung gemäss Fig.1, und
Fig.3
einen weiteren schematischen Teilschnitt.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2
a schematic partial section through the arrangement of Figure 1, and
Fig. 3
another schematic partial section.

Bei allen Figuren sind gleich wirkende Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements with the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols in all the figures.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer, stark vereinfachter, perspektivischer Darstellung einen der Brenner 1 einer Gasturbinenanlage. Dieser Brenner 1 kann auch in anderen Anlagen, in denen heisse Gase erzeugt werden, eingesetzt werden. Der Brenner 1 besteht aus zwei hohlen Teilkegelkörpern 2, 3, deren Mittelachsen parallel verlaufen und in radialer Richtung gegeneinander versetzt sind. Am Brennerende verbindet ein Kragen 4, der nur teilweise dargestellt ist, die Teilkegelkörper 2, 3 miteinander. Die übrigen Halterungen für den Brenner 1 und auch die Zuströmkanäle für die Verbrennungsluft sind der besseren Anschaulichkeit halber nicht dargestellt. Durch die Versetzung der Teilkegelkörper 2, 3 entstehen zwei Einströmspalte 5 jeweils zwischen einer äusseren Kante 6 und einer dieser benachbarten inneren Kante 7 der Teilkegelkörper 2, 3. Die beiden Teilkegelkörper 2, 3 weisen jeweils den gleichen Oeffnungswinkel auf. Im Bereich der Spitze der Teilkegelkörper 2, 3 ist eine Brennerdüse 8 angedeutet mit einem Pfeil 9, der die Zufuhr von flüssigem Brennstoff in die Brennerdüse 8 zeigt. Der Brenner 1 kann jedoch auch ohne die Brennerdüse 8 anzuspeisen betrieben werden.1 shows a schematic, highly simplified, perspective illustration of one of the burners 1 of a gas turbine system. This burner 1 can also be used in other systems in which hot gases are generated. The burner 1 consists of two hollow partial cone bodies 2, 3, the central axes of which run parallel and are offset from one another in the radial direction. At the end of the burner, a collar 4, which is only partially shown, connects the partial cone bodies 2, 3 to one another. The remaining brackets for the burner 1 and the inflow channels for the combustion air are not shown for the sake of clarity. The displacement of the partial cone bodies 2, 3 creates two inflow gaps 5 each between an outer edge 6 and an adjacent inner edge 7 of the partial cone bodies 2, 3. The two partial cone bodies 2, 3 each have the same opening angle. In the area of the tip of the partial cone bodies 2, 3, a burner nozzle 8 is indicated with an arrow 9, which shows the supply of liquid fuel into the burner nozzle 8. However, the burner 1 can also be operated without feeding the burner nozzle 8.

An jede der äusseren Kanten 6 ist ein Leitblech 10 in der Regel starr angefügt. Es ist aber auch vorstellbar, dieses Leitblech 10 verstellbar anzubringen. Zwischen jedem Leitblech 10 und der gegenüberliegenden Aussenwand des entsprechenden der Teilkegelkörper 2 oder 3 ist ein Einströmkanal 11 ausgebildet, der in den Einströmspalt 5 mündet. In Fig. 2 ist der Verlauf des Einströmkanals 11 schematisch dargestellt. Pfeile 12 deuten die Einströmung der Verbrennungsluft an, die durch den Einströmspalt 5 nahezu tangential in das Innere der Teilkegelkörper 2, 3 einströmt. Die übrige Zuführung der Verbrennungsluft ist nicht dargestellt. Entlang der äusseren Kante 6 sind Einströmdüsen 13 vorgesehen für das Einbringen von gasförmigen oder gasförmig aufbereitetem Brennstoff in den Bereich des Einströmspaltes 5. Der zugehörige Brennstoffzuführungskanal, der aussen am Brenner 1 liegt, ist in Fig. 1 der besseren Uebersicht halber nicht dargestellt, in Fig. 2 ist der Brennstoffzuführungskanal 14 jedoch angedeutet. In Fig. 2 gibt ein Pfeil 15 die Strömungsrichtung des einströmenden gasförmigen Brennstoffes an.A guide plate 10 is generally rigidly attached to each of the outer edges 6. But it is also conceivable to attach this guide plate 10 in an adjustable manner. Between each guide plate 10 and the opposite outer wall of the corresponding one of the partial cone bodies 2 or 3, an inflow channel 11 is formed, which opens into the inflow gap 5. The course of the inflow channel 11 is shown schematically in FIG. 2. Arrows 12 indicate the inflow of the combustion air, which is almost tangential through the inflow gap 5 into the interior of the Partial cone body 2, 3 flows. The remaining supply of the combustion air is not shown. Inflow nozzles 13 are provided along the outer edge 6 for introducing gaseous or gaseous fuel into the area of the inflow gap 5. The associated fuel supply duct, which is located on the outside of the burner 1, is not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of a better overview, in FIG 2, however, the fuel supply channel 14 is indicated. In Fig. 2, an arrow 15 indicates the direction of flow of the inflowing gaseous fuel.

Wie ferner aus den Fig. 1 und 2 ersichtlich, sind an den Leitblechen 10 im Einströmkanal 11 Rampen 16 angebracht, die sich in Richtung der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft auf den Einströmspalt 5 zu verdicken und die vor dem Einströmspalt 5 mit einer Abreisskante 17 enden. Die Einströmdüsen 13 sind im Bereich neben und/oder nach der Abreisskante 17 der Rampen 16 angeordnet. Die Einströmdüsen 13 sind im Bereich des einfachen bis etwa fünffachen hydraulischen Durchmessers der Rampen 16 angeordnet. Zudem ist der Abstand der Einströmdüsen 13 von der Abreisskante 17 vergleichsweise gross gegenüber dem Durchmesser der Einströmdüsen 13. Die von der Abreisskante 17 sich ablösende, wirbelnde Strömung der Verbrennungsluft ist in Fig. 2 durch einen Pfeil 18 dargestellt. Die Rampen 16 erstrecken sich in den Einströmkanal 11 hinein auf eine Länge, die etwa der drei- bis fünffachen Höhe des Einströmspaltes 5 entspricht. Das gleiche Mass ist gleichzeitig auch die Mindestlänge des Einströmkanals 11, wobei eine Verlängerung des Einströmkanals 11 über dieses Mindestmass hinaus eine Strömungsverbesserung mit sich bringen kann.As can also be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, ramps 16 are attached to the guide plates 10 in the inflow duct 11, which thicken in the direction of the inflowing combustion air onto the inflow gap 5 and which end in front of the inflow gap 5 with a tear-off edge 17. The inflow nozzles 13 are arranged in the region next to and / or after the tear-off edge 17 of the ramps 16. The inflow nozzles 13 are arranged in the range from the simple to approximately five times the hydraulic diameter of the ramps 16. In addition, the distance between the inflow nozzles 13 and the tear-off edge 17 is comparatively large compared to the diameter of the inflow nozzles 13. The swirling flow of the combustion air that separates from the tear-off edge 17 is shown in FIG. 2 by an arrow 18. The ramps 16 extend into the inflow channel 11 to a length which corresponds approximately to three to five times the height of the inflow gap 5. The same measure is also the minimum length of the inflow channel 11, and an extension of the inflow channel 11 beyond this minimum measure can bring about an improvement in flow.

In Fig. 1 sind an jedem der Leitbleche 10 lediglich zwei Rampen 16 angegeben. Es ist jedoch vorteilhaft, die gesamte Länge der Leitbleche 10 mit derartigen Rampen 16 zu versehen, um so auch im engeren Teil des Brenners eine gute Vermischung des gasförmigen Brennstoffes mit der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft zu erreichen. Es ist auch möglich, nur den Teil des Brenners 1 mit Rampen 16 zu versehen, der dem Austritt in die Brennkammer benachbart ist, da in diesem Bereich eine besonders gute Vermischung des gasförmigen Brennstoffs mit der Verbrennungsluft wichtig ist.In Fig. 1, only two ramps 16 are specified on each of the baffles 10. However, it is advantageous to provide the entire length of the baffles 10 with such ramps 16, so as to ensure good mixing of the gaseous fuel with the incoming combustion air even in the narrower part of the burner to reach. It is also possible to provide only that part of the burner 1 with ramps 16 which is adjacent to the outlet into the combustion chamber, since particularly good mixing of the gaseous fuel with the combustion air is important in this area.

Der in Fig. 2 angegebene Schnitt A-A ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Zwischen den Rampen 16 ist jeweils ein Zwischenraum 19 vorgesehen, der etwa gleich breit ist wie die Rampen 16. Brennstoffstrahlen 20 deuten an, in welchem Bereich hinter der Schnittebene die Einströmdüsen 13 den gasförmigen Brennstoff einbringen. Schematisch skizzierte Wirbel 21 zeigen die Stellen heftigster Verwirbelung der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft an. Die von den Rampen 16 erzeugten Wirbel sollen den Impuls der Brennstoffstrahlen 20 verstärken. Aus diesem Grund sind die Einströmdüsen 13 für den Brennstoffeintritt derart angeordnet, dass der Brennstoff in den Bereich der grössten radial nach innen gerichteten Luftgeschwindigkeitskomponenten im Bereich der Wirbel 21 gelangt. Die Breite der Zwischenräume 19 muss nicht in allen Anwendungsfällen der Breite der Rampen 16 entsprechen. Die optimalen Mischungsbedingungen lassen sich von Fall zu Fall einstellen, wenn der Brenner für bestimmte Anwendungen optimiert wird. So ist es auch möglich, Brenner so auszubilden, dass die Breite der Rampen 16 in Richtung auf den Brenneraustritt zu zunimmt.The section A-A indicated in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3. Between the ramps 16 there is an intermediate space 19 which is approximately the same width as the ramps 16. Fuel jets 20 indicate in which area the inflow nozzles 13 introduce the gaseous fuel behind the cutting plane. Vortexes 21 schematically outlined indicate the locations of the most violent eddying of the incoming combustion air. The vortices generated by the ramps 16 are intended to amplify the momentum of the fuel jets 20. For this reason, the inflow nozzles 13 for the fuel inlet are arranged in such a way that the fuel reaches the area of the largest radially inwardly directed air velocity components in the area of the vortices 21. The width of the spaces 19 does not have to correspond to the width of the ramps 16 in all applications. The optimal mixing conditions can be set from case to case if the burner is optimized for certain applications. It is also possible to design burners in such a way that the width of the ramps 16 increases in the direction of the burner outlet.

Die Vermischung kann auch durch die Höhe der Abreisskante 17 beeinflusst werden. In der Regel wird die Abreisskante eine Höhe von etwa 25 % bis etwa 50 % der Höhe des Einströmspaltes 5 aufweisen. Auch diese Werte können für die jeweilige Anwendung des Brenners optimiert werden. Die Rampen 16 können jedoch auch durch gleich wirkende Einfräsungen in das Leitblech 10 ersetzt oder ergänzt werden, insbesondere bei der Ertüchtigung von bestehenden Anlagen könnte diese Variante vorteilhaft gewählt werden.The mixing can also be influenced by the height of the tear-off edge 17. As a rule, the tear-off edge will have a height of approximately 25% to approximately 50% of the height of the inflow gap 5. These values can also be optimized for the particular application of the burner. However, the ramps 16 can also be replaced or supplemented by milling in the guide plate 10 with the same effect, in particular when upgrading existing systems, this variant could be selected advantageously.

Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung für die Vermischung zweier gasförmiger Komponenten lässt sich nicht nur, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben, in Brennern oder ähnlichen Geräten vorteilhaft einsetzen, sie kann auch überall dort eingesetzt werden, wo eine besonders innige Vermischung zweier Gase verlangt wird. Es ist auch denkbar, mit dieser Vorrichtung verschiedene Dämpfe oder auch Dämpfe und Gase miteinander innig zu vermischen.The device according to the invention for mixing two gaseous components can not only be used advantageously in burners or similar devices, as described in the exemplary embodiment, it can also be used wherever particularly intimate mixing of two gases is required. It is also conceivable to intimately mix different vapors or also vapors and gases with one another with this device.

Zur Erläuterung der Wirkungsweise werden die Fig. 1 bis 3 etwas näher betrachtet. Der durch die Einströmdüsen 13 einströmende gasförmige Brennstoff wird der Verbrennungsluft beigemischt. Der Impuls der Strahlen des einströmenden, hochkalorischen Brennstoffs reicht für eine innige Vermischung der beiden Komponenten nicht aus. Es ist auch mit vernünftigem technischem Aufwand nicht möglich, diesen Impuls zu erhöhen. Die Rampen 16 mit der Abreisskante 17 im Einströmkanal 11 erzeugen im Einströmspalt 5 eine gezielte Anordnung von Längswirbeln, wie der Pfeil 18 und die Wirbel 21 andeuten. Diese Längswirbel treffen auf die Brennstoffstrahlen 20 und reissen den gasförmigen Brennstoff mit und sorgen für eine optimale Vermischung des Brennstoffs mit der Verbrennungsluft. Die eigentliche Verbrennung erfolgt in der bekannten Flammenfront 22 dieses Brennertyps. Eine Rückströmzone 23 bildet sich ebenfalls aus, welche die Flammenfront 22 stabilisiert. Die innige Vermischung der Brennstoffe mit der Verbrennungsluft führt bei diesem Brenner zu einer Verbrennung mit sehr geringer thermischer NOx-Erzeugung und einer guten Ausnutzung des Energieinhaltes der Brennstoffe.1 to 3 are considered in more detail to explain the mode of operation. The gaseous fuel flowing in through the inlet nozzles 13 is mixed with the combustion air. The momentum of the rays of the incoming high-calorific fuel is not sufficient for an intimate mixing of the two components. Even with reasonable technical effort, it is not possible to increase this momentum. The ramps 16 with the tear-off edge 17 in the inflow channel 11 produce a targeted arrangement of longitudinal vortices in the inflow gap 5, as indicated by the arrow 18 and the vortices 21. These longitudinal vortices hit the fuel jets 20 and carry the gaseous fuel with them and ensure optimal mixing of the fuel with the combustion air. The actual combustion takes place in the known flame front 22 of this type of burner. A backflow zone 23 also forms, which stabilizes the flame front 22. With this burner, the intimate mixing of the fuels with the combustion air leads to combustion with very low thermal NOx generation and good utilization of the energy content of the fuels.

Claims (11)

  1. Device for mixing two gaseous components, having an inlet flow duct (11) which opens into an inlet flow gap (5) and through which the first of the two components enters and having inlet flow nozzles (13) in the region of the inlet flow gap (5), through which nozzles the second of the two components is supplied, ramps (16) being provided in the region of the inlet flow duct (11) which become thicker downstream, in the direction of the inlet flow gap (5) and end in the inlet flow gap (5) with a separation edge (17) which gives rise to vortices (21) in the first component, and the inlet flow nozzles (13) being located in the region near and/or after the separation edge (17) of the ramps (16), characterized in that
    - the ramps are arranged individually and at a distance from one another and
    - the inlet flow nozzles (13) are arranged in such a way that through them the second of the two components enters the region of the maximum radially inward velocity component of the vortices (21) of the first component flowing in.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that
    - the inlet flow nozzles (13) are arranged approximately perpendicular to the inflow direction of the first component flowing in.
  3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that
    - the inlet flow nozzles (13) are in the region located between one and approximately five times the hydraulic diameter of the ramps (16).
  4. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
    - the distance between the inlet flow nozzles (13) and the separation edge (17) is relatively large compared with the diameter of the inlet flow nozzles (13).
  5. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
    - the ramps (16) extend upstream over a length which corresponds approximately to between three and five times the height of the inlet flow gap (5), and
    - the separation edge (17) has a height between approximately 25% and approximately 50% of the height of the inlet flow gap (5).
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that
    - the inlet flow duct (11) extends upstream over at least the length corresponding to between three and five times the height of the inlet flow gap (5).
  7. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
    - the first of the two gaseous components is mainly combustion air, and
    - the second of the two gaseous components is a gaseous fuel or a fuel prepared in gaseous form.
  8. Burner for the generation of hot gas, which has at least two hollow partial conical bodies (2, 3) which open towards the burner outlet, whose parallel central axes are offset relative to one another, and which form at least two tangentially extending inlet flow ducts (11) and at least two inlet flow gaps (5), characterized in that
    - at least one of the devices according to Claim 7 is provided in each of the inlet flow ducts (11), of which there are at least two, and
    - in that the ramps (16) of these devices are arranged predominantly in that region of the respective inlet flow gap (5) which lies towards the burner outlet.
  9. Burner according to Claim 8, characterized in that
    - one guide plate (10) is attached at the outer edge (6) (with respect to the central axis of the respective partial conical body (2,3)) of each inlet flow gap (5) and forms the outer wall of the inlet flow duct (11), and
    - the guide plate (10) is designed as the support for the ramps (16).
  10. Burner according to Claim 9, characterized in that
    - intermediate spaces (19) of approximately the same width as the ramps (16) are provided between the individual ramps (16).
  11. Burner according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that
    - the width of the ramps (16) increases in the direction of the burner outlet.
EP91122141A 1991-12-23 1991-12-23 Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied Expired - Lifetime EP0548396B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59104727T DE59104727D1 (en) 1991-12-23 1991-12-23 Device for mixing two gaseous components and burner in which this device is used.
EP91122141A EP0548396B1 (en) 1991-12-23 1991-12-23 Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied
US07/985,316 US5340306A (en) 1991-12-23 1992-12-04 Device for mixing two gaseous components and burner in which this device is employed
JP34202992A JP3219875B2 (en) 1991-12-23 1992-12-22 Device for mixing two gaseous components and burner incorporating this device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91122141A EP0548396B1 (en) 1991-12-23 1991-12-23 Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied

Publications (2)

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EP0548396A1 EP0548396A1 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0548396B1 true EP0548396B1 (en) 1995-02-22

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EP91122141A Expired - Lifetime EP0548396B1 (en) 1991-12-23 1991-12-23 Device for mixing of two gaseous components and burner in which this device is applied

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US (1) US5340306A (en)
EP (1) EP0548396B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3219875B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59104727D1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0548396A1 (en) 1993-06-30
JP3219875B2 (en) 2001-10-15
US5340306A (en) 1994-08-23
DE59104727D1 (en) 1995-03-30
JPH05240437A (en) 1993-09-17

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