EP0438682B1 - Exhaust system with particle filter and regeneration burner - Google Patents

Exhaust system with particle filter and regeneration burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0438682B1
EP0438682B1 EP90123506A EP90123506A EP0438682B1 EP 0438682 B1 EP0438682 B1 EP 0438682B1 EP 90123506 A EP90123506 A EP 90123506A EP 90123506 A EP90123506 A EP 90123506A EP 0438682 B1 EP0438682 B1 EP 0438682B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust
burner
exhaust system
flame tube
hot gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90123506A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0438682A2 (en
EP0438682A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Kreutmair (Fh)
Alfred Zöbl
Nikolaus Dipl.-Ing. König (FH)
David Michael Simpkin
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Arvin Industries Deutschland GmbH
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Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0438682A3 publication Critical patent/EP0438682A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust system with a particle filter and a burner for regenerating the particle filter, the burner being equipped with a fuel mixture nozzle and a flame tube which at least partially protrudes into the exhaust gas routing system and is flushed with the exhaust gas.
  • the burner is arranged in the exhaust pipe in such a way that the exhaust gas partially flows around the burner and mixes with the hot gases at the burner outlet.
  • the advantage of this design is that the burner can also be ignited while the engine is emitting exhaust gases.
  • a system of this type is known from EP 306 743 A2, in which the exhaust gases strike a flame tube of the burner perpendicularly through an annular gap, graze the flame tube in the longitudinal direction and finally mix with the hot gases of the burner in a crossflow mixer.
  • a hot gas outlet opening and a baffle plate at a distance from this opening are provided on the face of the flame tube, which radially deflect the axially emerging hot gases before they mix with the exhaust gases.
  • the invention has for its object to design an exhaust system of the type mentioned so that there is no risk of overheating a filter arranged close to the burner.
  • the hot gas is divided into a number of relatively small hot gas streams via the hot gas outlet openings in the flame tube.
  • This has the advantage that a uniform and complete mixing between exhaust gas and hot gas is possible and also the risk of the occurrence of larger secondary flame is eliminated. Due to the intimate mixing of the exhaust gases, a mixed gas with an almost homogeneous temperature is created from the mixing location. It is therefore possible to provide a particle or soot filter very close to the burner and thus to take advantage of the advantages associated with it.
  • the hot gas outlet openings are preferably evenly distributed on the flame tube and so far apart relative to its diameter that the escaping hot gas streams do not contact each other if possible.
  • the diameter is as small as possible and the number of outlet openings as large as possible, the lower or upper limit depending on the application being limited by the required pressure and flow conditions.
  • the flame tube provided with a plurality of outlet openings can be arranged differently in the exhaust gas flow path.
  • An arrangement is preferably selected in which the exhaust gas flows around the flame tube to cool it and finally hits the hot gas outlet openings transversely.
  • it is proposed to choose the arrangement so that the exhaust gas hits the flame tube tangentially and spirally flows around it and strikes the hot gas flows.
  • the hot gas outlet openings are distributed on one or more transverse planes near the end of the flame tube at uniform intervals on the circumference of the flame tube, the front end of the flame tube being closed.
  • the hot gas comes out of the flame tube in the form of a plurality of radial partial flows, wherein they lie in a plane which is oriented parallel to the inlet surface of the filter.
  • the above configurations have the advantage of a symmetrical distribution of the hot gas, which favors a homogenization of the gas temperature upstream of the filter.
  • the position of the hot gas outlet openings on the flame tube will depend on the respective construction concept of the exhaust system.
  • the outlet openings are provided on two diametrically opposed surface lines of the flame tube and on the diameter of the flame tube end face connecting these surface lines.
  • the mixing of the exhaust gases with the hot gases can be further optimized according to a further embodiment of the invention if a swirl plate is provided in the flow path of the exhaust gas or the gas mixture.
  • the swirl plate has several slots with slightly twisted sheets in between. When flowing through the slots, the already mixed gas or the exhaust gas is divided into several swirled gas streams, as a result of which the exhaust gases and hot gases are mixed more intensively over a very short distance.
  • the swirl plate is preferably arranged in the flow direction of the exhaust gas shortly before the hot gases emerge from the flame tube, so that a partial flow after the tear-off edge on the swirl plate can carry a partial hot gas flow with it into its swirling movement.
  • the swirl plate can simultaneously serve to concentrate or expand the exhaust gas flow, so that the flame contour outside the flame tube can be adapted to the shape of the filter housing.
  • the system is further favored by the use of a known blue burner which can be designed with variable output, for example depending on the engine exhaust gas temperature. In this way it is ensured that in the low load range of the engine a burner stoichiometric operation is possible, especially since pollutant values and unburned fuel quantities are low in the blue burner and these quantities can be easily combusted with the residual oxygen in the exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 10, in the exhaust pipe 11 of which a particle filter 12 and a burner 13 are interposed.
  • the exhaust gases coming from the internal combustion engine 10 enter a housing 14 in which the burner 13 and the filter 12 are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow.
  • the burner 13 will be out of operation while the engine 10 is running, so that the soot particles from the exhaust gases accumulate in the filter 12.
  • the burner 13 is put into operation if necessary by igniting by means of an arc 15 and supplying fuel 16 and combustion air 17.
  • the hot gases emerging from the burner 13 mix in the antechamber 18 of the filter 12 with the exhaust gas temperature being raised in such a way that the soot particles accumulated in the filter 12 oxidize.
  • the size, for example of the housing 14, depends, among other things, on the distance that must be maintained between the burner 13 and the filter 12. As a rule, this distance must be kept relatively large in order to avoid local overheating on the inlet side of the filter 12, which can be caused by uneven mixing of the exhaust and hot gases and by secondary flames in the antechamber 18.
  • a burner 13 is provided, the hot gases of which emerge not through one but through a plurality of openings on the flame tube, these openings being arranged in a plane which is parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12. This can happen in different ways, depending on which one Orientation of the burner 13 relative to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment according to FIG. 2 is possible in which the flame tube 21 runs parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12.
  • the hot gas outlet openings 22 are located on a plane 23 which is formed on the end face 26 by two diametrically opposed surface lines 24, 25 of the flame tube 21 and a line connecting the two surface lines 24, 25.
  • the plane 23 is also selected so that it lies parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12.
  • This longitudinal section plane is shown in FIG. 3 with the emerging hot gas flows 27.
  • the exhaust gas stream 11 entering the housing 14 enclosing the burner 21 and the filter 12 strikes the hot gas partial streams 27 perpendicularly and mixes them largely homogeneously due to the distribution of the hot gas.
  • the division of the hot gases into a large number of small streams is preferably carried out in connection with a flame tube, which is arranged perpendicular to the inlet plane 20 of the filter 12. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the burner 13 consists of a flame tube 30, a mixing tube 31 and an atomizer nozzle 32.
  • the end face 33 of the flame tube opposite the atomizer nozzle 32 30 is completely closed.
  • the flame tube 30 has outlet openings 34 which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and are all located on a plane 35 which is oriented parallel to the inlet plane 20 of the filter.
  • the hot gas 36 emerges in star form in numerous partial streams 37 from the flame tube 30, ie parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12.
  • the exhaust gases 40 flow, as in FIG.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 has the advantage over that of FIG. 2 that a better burned hot gas 36 emerges from the outlet openings 34 located at the end of the flame tube 30. Further rows of outlet openings for the hot gas 36 can be provided, which are arranged in one or more planes parallel to the first plane 35. 4 shows a further level 46 with outlet openings 45 in dashed lines. The outlet openings 45 of this second level 46 can be placed on the hatch opposite the outlet openings 34 of the first level 35.
  • the connection of the hot gas outlet distribution with a so-called blue burner with or without a mixing tube 31 and / or a hot gas recirculation has the further advantage that an exhaust system with variable burner output can be produced due to the relatively good combustion in the wide output range of the blue burner.
  • the burner output is adapted to the engine exhaust gas temperature, which enables a fuel-saving design and optimal control of the exhaust gas inlet temperature into the filter.
  • the division into a large number of small hot gas partial streams 37 therefore not only brings about the homogenization of the gas temperature, but also a reduction in the secondary flame length in the afterburning of the unburned constituents which escape, particularly in substoichiometric burner operation. Because of the division of the hot gases 36, only small lengths of flame can arise due to the smaller amount of hot gas. From this point of view, too, there is a danger of local combustion of the filter surface or uneven burning of the particle filter.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a swirl plate 50 is arranged parallel to the plane 35 of the outlet openings 34 in front of the outlet openings 34 of the hot gases in the flow direction of the exhaust gases 40.
  • the swirl plate 50 which is shown in a top view (partially) in FIG. 7, consists of an annular disk which is pushed onto the flame tube 30 and is fixedly connected to the housing or flame tube and has a plurality of radial slots 51 to 53.
  • the slats 54 formed by the slots 51-53 are slightly twisted around radial axes.
  • the inflowing exhaust gas 40 is divided with the swirl plate 50 into many partial flows, which form individual vortices 55 behind the swirl plate 50.
  • the arrangement of the swirl plate 50 and the outlet openings 34 for the hot gas are preferably designed and arranged such that each exhaust gas vortex 55 swirls into a partial hot gas flow and thus the essential mixing of the two gases takes place at the hot gas outlet 34.
  • the acting as steering plates lamellae 54 of the swirl plate 50 can also be oriented so that they not only swirl the partial flows, but also divert as needed, z. B. in the direction of the burner axis, d. H. concentrating the exhaust gas flow or, in contrast, expanding the exhaust gas flow.
  • the slots of the swirl plate 50 can run radially, as shown under the number 51 in FIG. 7, or more (52) or less (53) can be chosen obliquely to increase the flow cross section on the swirl plate 50.
  • the swirl plate 50 contributes to shortening the mixing path between exhaust gas and hot gas and thus enables a further reduction in the distance between burner 13 and filter 12.
  • the swirl plate 50 causes an undesirable jam in the exhaust gas flow, then it is possible to pass a partial flow, usually the lower partial flow 11 '(FIG. 1), into the burner 13, in which the residual oxygen from the exhaust gases can be used simultaneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

For an exhaust system with a particle filter (12) and a regeneration burner (13) a burner with a flame tube (30) is provided, the hot gas outlet of which is provided in the form of a plurality of openings (34), which are arranged in one or more planes (35), which lie parallel to the inlet face (20) of the particle filter (12). Owing to the division into a plurality of secondary hot gas flows (37), mixing with the exhaust gases (40) is improved in such a way that immediately after the flame tube (30) a practically uniform temperature prevails, as a result of which the particle filter can be arranged very close to the burner (13). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Abgassystem mit einem Partikelfilter und einem Brenner zur Regenerierung des Partikelfilters, wobei der Brenner mit einer Kraftstoff-Gemischdüse und einem Flammrohr ausgestattet ist, das zumindest teilweise in das Abgasführungssystem hineinragt und vom Abgas umspült ist.The invention relates to an exhaust system with a particle filter and a burner for regenerating the particle filter, the burner being equipped with a fuel mixture nozzle and a flame tube which at least partially protrudes into the exhaust gas routing system and is flushed with the exhaust gas.

In sogenannten Vollstrom-Brenner-Abgassystemen ist der Brenner im Abgasrohr derart angeordnet, daß das Abgas den Brenner teilweise umspült und am Brenneraustritt sich mit den Heißgasen vermischt. Vorteil dieser Ausführung ist, daß der Brenner auch während des die Abgase ausstoßenden Motorbetriebes gezündet werden kann. Ein System dieser Art ist aus der EP 306 743 A2 bekannt, bei dem die Abgase durch einen Ringspalt senkrecht auf ein Flammenrohr des Brenners auftreffen, das Flammenrohr in Längsrichtung streifen und sich schließlich in einem Querstrommischer mit den Heißgasen des Brenners vermischen. Dazu ist an der Stirnseite des Flammenrohres eine Heißgas-Austrittsöffnung sowie eine dieser Öffnung im Abstand gegenüberstehenden Prallplatte vorgesehen, die die axial austretenden Heißgase radial umlenken, bevor sie sich mit den Abgasen mischen.In so-called full-flow burner exhaust systems, the burner is arranged in the exhaust pipe in such a way that the exhaust gas partially flows around the burner and mixes with the hot gases at the burner outlet. The advantage of this design is that the burner can also be ignited while the engine is emitting exhaust gases. A system of this type is known from EP 306 743 A2, in which the exhaust gases strike a flame tube of the burner perpendicularly through an annular gap, graze the flame tube in the longitudinal direction and finally mix with the hot gases of the burner in a crossflow mixer. For this purpose, a hot gas outlet opening and a baffle plate at a distance from this opening are provided on the face of the flame tube, which radially deflect the axially emerging hot gases before they mix with the exhaust gases.

Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung ist es bei ungünstigen Strömungsverhältnissen möglich, daß die Heißgase aus dem zwischen Prallplatte und Flammenrohr-Stirnwand gebildeten radialen Austrittsring sich nicht gleichmäßig verteilen, so daß heißere lokale Ströme den Filter örtlich beschädigen können. Dabei kann es auch passieren, daß unverbrannter Brennstoff aus dem Brenner am radialen Austritt mit dem im Abgas enthaltenden Restsauerstoff zu einer Sekundärflamme gezündet wird, die ein größeres Ausmaß, d. h. Flammenlänge hat und die ebenfalls einen relativ nahe am Brenner angeordneten Rußfilter lokal zerstören kann. In solchen Fällen ist der Partikelfilter aus Sicherheitsgründen in größerer Entfernung vom Brenner anzuordnen, was das Bauvolumen vergrößert und das System verteuert.With such a configuration, it is possible in unfavorable flow conditions that the hot gases from the radial outlet ring formed between the baffle plate and the flame tube end wall are not distributed evenly, so that hotter local currents can damage the filter locally. It can also happen that unburned fuel from the burner is ignited at the radial outlet with the residual oxygen contained in the exhaust gas to form a secondary flame, which has a greater extent, ie flame length, and which can also locally destroy a soot filter arranged relatively close to the burner. In such cases, the particle filter must be placed at a greater distance from the burner for safety reasons, which increases the construction volume and makes the system more expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Abgassystem der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß keine Gefahr einer Überhitzung eines nahe am Brenner angeordneten Filters besteht.The invention has for its object to design an exhaust system of the type mentioned so that there is no risk of overheating a filter arranged close to the burner.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Über die Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen im Flammenrohr wird das Heißgas in eine Vielzahl relativ kleiner Heißgasströme aufgeteilt. Das hat den Vorteil, daß eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Vermischung zwischen Abgas und Heißgas möglich ist und außerdem die Gefahr der Entstehung von größeren Sekundärstichflammen gebannt ist. Durch die innige Vermischung der Abgase entsteht bereits ab dem Mischort ein Mischgas mit annähernd homogener Temperatur. Es ist damit möglich, einen Partikel- bzw. Rußfilter sehr nahe am Brenner vorzusehen und so die damit verbundenen Vorteile auszunützen.The hot gas is divided into a number of relatively small hot gas streams via the hot gas outlet openings in the flame tube. This has the advantage that a uniform and complete mixing between exhaust gas and hot gas is possible and also the risk of the occurrence of larger secondary flame is eliminated. Due to the intimate mixing of the exhaust gases, a mixed gas with an almost homogeneous temperature is created from the mixing location. It is therefore possible to provide a particle or soot filter very close to the burner and thus to take advantage of the advantages associated with it.

Die Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen sind vorzugsweise gleichmäßig auf dem Flammenrohr und relativ zu dessen Durchmesser soweit auseinander verteilt, daß die austretenden Heißgasströme sich möglichst nicht kontaktieren. Der Durchmesser ist möglichst klein und die Anzahl der Austrittsöffnungen möglichst groß zu wählen, wobei die untere bzw. obere Grenze je nach Anwendungsfall von den erforderlichen Druck- und Strömungsbedingungen begrenzt wird.The hot gas outlet openings are preferably evenly distributed on the flame tube and so far apart relative to its diameter that the escaping hot gas streams do not contact each other if possible. The diameter is as small as possible and the number of outlet openings as large as possible, the lower or upper limit depending on the application being limited by the required pressure and flow conditions.

Das mit mehreren Austrittsöffnungen vorgesehene Flammenrohr kann in den Abgasströmungsweg unterschiedlich angeordnet werden. Vorzugsweise wird eine Anordnung gewählt, bei der das Abgas zur Kühlung des Flammenrohres dieses umspült und schließlich quer auf die Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen trifft. Um den Mischvorgang zu intensivieren, wird vorgeschlagen, die Anordnung so zu wählen, daß das Abgas tangential auf das Flammenrohr trifft und spiralartig dieses umspült und auf die Heißgasströme auftrifft.The flame tube provided with a plurality of outlet openings can be arranged differently in the exhaust gas flow path. An arrangement is preferably selected in which the exhaust gas flows around the flame tube to cool it and finally hits the hot gas outlet openings transversely. In order to intensify the mixing process, it is proposed to choose the arrangement so that the exhaust gas hits the flame tube tangentially and spirally flows around it and strikes the hot gas flows.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen auf einer oder mehreren Querebenen nahe dem Ende des Flammenrohres in gleichmäßigen Abständen am Umfang des Flammenrohres verteilt, wobei das Stirnende des Flammenrohres geschlossen ist. Das Heißgas trifft dabei in der Form von mehreren radialen Teilströmen aus dem Flammenrohr heraus, wobei sie in einer Ebene liegen, die parallel zur Eintrittsfläche des Filters orientiert ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hot gas outlet openings are distributed on one or more transverse planes near the end of the flame tube at uniform intervals on the circumference of the flame tube, the front end of the flame tube being closed. The hot gas comes out of the flame tube in the form of a plurality of radial partial flows, wherein they lie in a plane which is oriented parallel to the inlet surface of the filter.

Die vorstehenden Ausgestaltungen haben den Vorteil einer symmetrischen Verteilung des Heißgases, die eine Homogenisierung der Gastemperatur vor dem Filter begünstigt. In der Regel wird die Lage der Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen am Flammenrohr sich nach dem jeweiligen Baukonzept des Abgassystemes richten. Bei einem quer zum Filter gerichteten Brennerrohr z. B. werden die Austrittsöffnungen an zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Mantellinien des Flammenrohres sowie auf dem diese Mantellinien verbindenden Durchmesser der Flammenrohr-Stirnseite vorgesehen.The above configurations have the advantage of a symmetrical distribution of the hot gas, which favors a homogenization of the gas temperature upstream of the filter. As a rule, the position of the hot gas outlet openings on the flame tube will depend on the respective construction concept of the exhaust system. In a burner tube directed across the filter z. B. the outlet openings are provided on two diametrically opposed surface lines of the flame tube and on the diameter of the flame tube end face connecting these surface lines.

Die Vermischung der Abgase mit den Heißgasen läßt sich gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weiter optimieren, wenn eine Drallplatte in den Strömungsweg des Abgases oder des Gasgemisches vorgesehen wird. Die Drallplatte hat mehrere Schlitze mit dazwischenliegenden, leicht verdrehten Blechen. Beim Durchströmen durch die Schlitze wird das bereits gemischte Gas oder das Abgas in mehrere verwirbelte Gasströme aufgeteilt, wodurch eine intensivere Vermischung der Abgase und Heißgase bereits auf sehr kurzer Strecke erfolgt. Die Drallplatte wird vorzugsweise in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases kurz vor dem Austritt der Heißgase aus dem Flammrohr angeordnet, so daß ein Teilstrom nach der Abreißkante an der Drallplatte einen Heißgasteilstrom mit in seine Verwirbelungsbewegung mitreißen kann.The mixing of the exhaust gases with the hot gases can be further optimized according to a further embodiment of the invention if a swirl plate is provided in the flow path of the exhaust gas or the gas mixture. The swirl plate has several slots with slightly twisted sheets in between. When flowing through the slots, the already mixed gas or the exhaust gas is divided into several swirled gas streams, as a result of which the exhaust gases and hot gases are mixed more intensively over a very short distance. The swirl plate is preferably arranged in the flow direction of the exhaust gas shortly before the hot gases emerge from the flame tube, so that a partial flow after the tear-off edge on the swirl plate can carry a partial hot gas flow with it into its swirling movement.

Die Drallplatte kann gleichzeitig zur Konzentrierung oder Erweiterung des Abgasstromes dienen, womit die Flammenkontur außerhalb des Flammenrohres der Filtergehäuseform anpaßbar ist.The swirl plate can simultaneously serve to concentrate or expand the exhaust gas flow, so that the flame contour outside the flame tube can be adapted to the shape of the filter housing.

Begünstigt wird das System ferner durch Anwendung eines bekannten Blaubrenners, der mit variabler Leistung, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit der Motorabgastemperatur, auslegbar ist. Auf die Weise wird gewährleistet, daß im niedrigen Lastbereich des Motors ein unterstöchiometrischer Betrieb des Brenners möglich ist, zumal beim Blaubrenner Schadstoffwerte sowie unverbrannte Brennstoffmengen gering sind und diese Mengen ohne weiteres mit dem Restsauerstoff im Abgas nachverbrannt werden können.The system is further favored by the use of a known blue burner which can be designed with variable output, for example depending on the engine exhaust gas temperature. In this way it is ensured that in the low load range of the engine a burner stoichiometric operation is possible, especially since pollutant values and unburned fuel quantities are low in the blue burner and these quantities can be easily combusted with the residual oxygen in the exhaust gas.

Es gibt Anwendungsfälle, bei denen eine Aufteilung des Abgases in zwei Ströme von Vorteil ist, wobei ein Teilstrom durch das Flammrohr durchgeführt wird. Dieses ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung durchaus möglich und bei baulich geringem Raumangebot von Vorteil.There are applications in which a division of the exhaust gas into two streams is advantageous, a partial stream being carried out through the flame tube. This is entirely possible in the embodiment according to the invention and is advantageous when there is little space available.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Abgasanlage,
Fig. 2
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 3
ein Detail aus Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 5
eine Hälfte eines Querschnittes aus Fig. 4 und
Fig. 6 und 7
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows an exhaust system,
Fig. 2
a first embodiment,
Fig. 3
a detail from Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
a second embodiment,
Fig. 5
one half of a cross section from Fig. 4 and
6 and 7
another embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Verbrennungsmaschine 10, in deren Abgasleitung 11 ein Partikelfilter 12 und ein Brenner 13 zwischengeschaltet sind. Die aus dem Verbrennungsmotor 10 kommenden Abgase gelangen in ein Gehäuse 14, in dem der Brenner 13 und der Filter 12 in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. In der Regel wird bei laufendem Motor 10 der Brenner 13 außer Betrieb sein, so daß sich die Rußpartikel aus den Abgasen im Filter 12 ansammeln. Nach von Fall zu Fall unterschiedlichen Kriterien wird der Brenner 13 bei Bedarf durch Zünden mittels eines Lichtbogens 15 und Zuführen von Brennstoff 16 und Verbrennungsluft 17 in Betrieb genommen. Die aus dem Brenner 13 austretenden Heißgase vermischen sich im Vorraum 18 des Filters 12 unter Anhebung der Abgastemperatur mit den Abgasen derart, daß die im Filter 12 angesammelten Rußpartikel oxidieren.1 shows an internal combustion engine 10, in the exhaust pipe 11 of which a particle filter 12 and a burner 13 are interposed. The exhaust gases coming from the internal combustion engine 10 enter a housing 14 in which the burner 13 and the filter 12 are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow. As a rule, the burner 13 will be out of operation while the engine 10 is running, so that the soot particles from the exhaust gases accumulate in the filter 12. According to different criteria from case to case, the burner 13 is put into operation if necessary by igniting by means of an arc 15 and supplying fuel 16 and combustion air 17. The hot gases emerging from the burner 13 mix in the antechamber 18 of the filter 12 with the exhaust gas temperature being raised in such a way that the soot particles accumulated in the filter 12 oxidize.

Die Baugröße, beispielsweise des Gehäuses 14, hängt unter anderem vom Abstand ab, der zwischen dem Brenner 13 und dem Filter 12 eingehalten werden muß. Dieser Abstand wird in der Regel relativ groß zu halten sein, um lokale Überhitzungen eintrittsseitig des Filters 12 zu vermeiden, die durch ungleichmäßige Vermischung der Ab- und Heißgase sowie durch Sekundärflammen im Vorraum 18 verursacht werden können.The size, for example of the housing 14, depends, among other things, on the distance that must be maintained between the burner 13 and the filter 12. As a rule, this distance must be kept relatively large in order to avoid local overheating on the inlet side of the filter 12, which can be caused by uneven mixing of the exhaust and hot gases and by secondary flames in the antechamber 18.

Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen, wird ein Brenner 13 vorgesehen, dessen Heißgase nicht durch eine sondern durch mehrere Öffnungen am Flammenrohr austreten, wobei diese Öffnungen in einer Ebene angeordnet sind, die parallel zur Eintrittsfläche 20 des Filters 12 liegt. Dieses kann in unterschiedlicher Weise geschehen, je nachdem welche Orientierung der Brenner 13 relativ zur Eintrittsfläche 20 des Filters 12 hat.To remedy this, a burner 13 is provided, the hot gases of which emerge not through one but through a plurality of openings on the flame tube, these openings being arranged in a plane which is parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12. This can happen in different ways, depending on which one Orientation of the burner 13 relative to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12.

Es ist eine Ausgestaltung gemäß Fig. 2 möglich, bei der das Flammenrohr 21 parallel zur Eintrittsfläche 20 des Filters 12 verläuft. In diesem Fall befinden sich die Heißgas-Austrittsöffnungen 22 auf einer Ebene 23, die durch zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Mantellinien 24, 25 des Flammenrohres 21 und einer die beiden Mantellinien 24, 25 verbindenden Linie auf der Stirnseite 26 gebildet ist. Die Ebene 23 ist ferner so gewählt, daß sie parallel zur Eintrittsfläche 20 des Filters 12 liegt. Diese Längsschnittebene ist in Fig. 3 mit den austretenden Heißgasströmen 27 gezeigt. Der in das den Brenner 21 und den Filter 12 umschließende Gehäuse 14 eintretende Abgasstrom 11 trifft senkrecht auf die Heißgasteilströme 27 auf und vermischt sich mit diesen weitgehend homogen aufgrund der Aufteilung des Heißgases.An embodiment according to FIG. 2 is possible in which the flame tube 21 runs parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12. In this case, the hot gas outlet openings 22 are located on a plane 23 which is formed on the end face 26 by two diametrically opposed surface lines 24, 25 of the flame tube 21 and a line connecting the two surface lines 24, 25. The plane 23 is also selected so that it lies parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12. This longitudinal section plane is shown in FIG. 3 with the emerging hot gas flows 27. The exhaust gas stream 11 entering the housing 14 enclosing the burner 21 and the filter 12 strikes the hot gas partial streams 27 perpendicularly and mixes them largely homogeneously due to the distribution of the hot gas.

Die Aufteilung der Heißgase in eine Vielzahl kleiner Ströme wird vorzugsweise in Verbindung mit einem Flammenrohr durchgeführt, das senkrecht zur Eintrittsebene 20 des Filters 12 angeordnet ist. Diese Anordnung ist in Fig. 1 gezeigt.The division of the hot gases into a large number of small streams is preferably carried out in connection with a flame tube, which is arranged perpendicular to the inlet plane 20 of the filter 12. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 1.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel hierzu ist in Fig. 4 gezeigt. Der Brenner 13 besteht aus einem Flammenrohr 30, einem Mischrohr 31 sowie einer Zerstäuberdüse 32. Die der Zerstäuberdüse 32 gegenüberliegende Stirnseite 33 des Flammenrohres 30 ist vollkommen geschlossen. Nahe an diesem Ende hat das Flammenrohr 30 am Umfang gleichmäßig verteilte Austrittsöffnungen 34, die sich alle auf einer Ebene 35 befinden, die parallel zur Eintrittsebene 20 des Filters orientiert ist. Wie im Schnitt nach der Linie V - V in Fig. 5 gezeigt ist, tritt das Heißgas 36 sternförmig in zahlreichen Teilströmen 37 aus dem Flammenrohr 30 heraus, d. h. parallel zur Eintrittsfläche 20 des Filters 12. Die Abgase 40 strömen, wie in Fig. 5 näher gezeigt, tangential in den Vorraum 18 ein, in dem das Flammenrohr 30 sich befindet und umspülen das Flammenrohr 30 in einem spiralförmigen Verlauf. Am Ende des Flammenrohres 30 trifft das Abgas 40 mit den Heißgasteilströmen 37 senkrecht zusammen, wobei die beiden Gase in kürzester Strecke nahezu vollständig sich vermischen. Im geringen axialen Abstand vom Flammenrohr 30 bereits herrscht im Vorraum 18 eine nahezu homogene Temperatur. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Filter 12 sehr nahe an die Stirnseite 33 des Brenners 13 heranzurücken.An exemplary embodiment of this is shown in FIG. 4. The burner 13 consists of a flame tube 30, a mixing tube 31 and an atomizer nozzle 32. The end face 33 of the flame tube opposite the atomizer nozzle 32 30 is completely closed. Near this end, the flame tube 30 has outlet openings 34 which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and are all located on a plane 35 which is oriented parallel to the inlet plane 20 of the filter. As shown in the section along the line V - V in FIG. 5, the hot gas 36 emerges in star form in numerous partial streams 37 from the flame tube 30, ie parallel to the inlet surface 20 of the filter 12. The exhaust gases 40 flow, as in FIG. 5 Shown in more detail, tangentially into the antechamber 18 in which the flame tube 30 is located and wash around the flame tube 30 in a spiral course. At the end of the flame tube 30, the exhaust gas 40 meets the hot gas partial flows 37 vertically, the two gases mixing almost completely in the shortest distance. At a small axial distance from the flame tube 30 there is already an almost homogeneous temperature in the antechamber 18. This makes it possible to move the filter 12 very close to the end face 33 of the burner 13.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 4 hat gegenüber der der Fig. 2 den Vorteil, daß aus den am Ende des Flammenrohres 30 befindlichen Austrittsöffnungen 34 ein besser verbranntes Heißgas 36 heraustritt. Es können weitere Reihen von Austrittsöffnungen für das Heißgas 36 vorgesehen werden, die in einer oder mehreren Ebenen parallel zur ersten Ebene 35 angeordnet sind. In der Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Ebene 46 mit Austrittsöffnungen 45 gestrichelt dargestellt. Die Austrittsöffnungen 45 dieser zweiten Ebene 46 können gegenüber den Austrittsöffnungen 34 der ersten Ebene 35 auf Luke gesetzt werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 4 has the advantage over that of FIG. 2 that a better burned hot gas 36 emerges from the outlet openings 34 located at the end of the flame tube 30. Further rows of outlet openings for the hot gas 36 can be provided, which are arranged in one or more planes parallel to the first plane 35. 4 shows a further level 46 with outlet openings 45 in dashed lines. The outlet openings 45 of this second level 46 can be placed on the hatch opposite the outlet openings 34 of the first level 35.

Die Verbindung der Heißgas-Austrittsaufteilung mit einem sogenannten Blaubrenner mit oder ohne einem Mischrohr 31 und/oder einer Heißgasrezirkulation hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß aufgrund der relativ guten Verbrennung im breiten Leistungsbereich des Blaubrenners ein Abgassystem mit variabler Brennerleistung herstellbar ist. Die Brennerleistung wird an die Motorabgastemperatur angepaßt, womit eine kraftstoffsparende Auslegung sowie eine optimale Regelung der Abgaseintrittstemperatur in den Filter möglich ist. Durch die Aufteilung in eine Vielzahl kleiner Heißgasteilströme 37 wird daher nicht nur die Homogenisierung der Gastemperatur, sondern auch eine Reduzierung der Sekundärflammenlänge in der Nachverbrennung der insbesondere im unterstöchiometrischen Brennerbetrieb austretenden unverbrannten Bestandteile bewirkt. Durch die Aufteilung der Heißgase 36 können nämlich jeweils aufgrund der geringeren Heißgasmenge nur kleine Flammenlängen entstehen. Es ist daher auch aus dieser Sicht eine Gefahr der lokalen Verbrennung der Filteroberfläche bzw. ungleichmäßiges Freibrennen des Partikelfilters gebannt.The connection of the hot gas outlet distribution with a so-called blue burner with or without a mixing tube 31 and / or a hot gas recirculation has the further advantage that an exhaust system with variable burner output can be produced due to the relatively good combustion in the wide output range of the blue burner. The burner output is adapted to the engine exhaust gas temperature, which enables a fuel-saving design and optimal control of the exhaust gas inlet temperature into the filter. The division into a large number of small hot gas partial streams 37 therefore not only brings about the homogenization of the gas temperature, but also a reduction in the secondary flame length in the afterburning of the unburned constituents which escape, particularly in substoichiometric burner operation. Because of the division of the hot gases 36, only small lengths of flame can arise due to the smaller amount of hot gas. From this point of view, too, there is a danger of local combustion of the filter surface or uneven burning of the particle filter.

In Fig. 6 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase 40 vor den Austrittsöffnungen 34 der Heißgase eine Drallplatte 50 parallel zur Ebene 35 der Austrittsöffnungen 34 angeordnet ist. die Drallplatte 50, die in Fig. 7 in Draufsicht (teilweise) gezeigt ist, besteht aus einer Ringscheibe, die auf dem Flammenrohr 30 aufgeschoben und mit dem Gehäuse oder Flammenrohr fest verbunden ist und eine Vielzahl radialer Schlitze 51 bis 53 hat. Die durch die Schlitze 51 - 53 gebildeten Lamellen 54 sind leicht um radiale Achsen verdreht. Das anströmende Abgas 40 wird mit der Drallplatte 50 in viele Teilströme aufgeteilt, die hinter der Drallplatte 50 einzelne Wirbel 55 bilden. Die Anordnung der Drallplatte 50 und der Austrittsöffnungen 34 für das Heißgas sind bevorzugt so ausgebildet und angeordnet, daß jeder Abgaswirbel 55 in einen Heißgasteilstrom hineinwirbelt und damit bereits am Heißgasaustritt 34 die wesentliche Vermischung der beiden Gase erfolgt.6 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a swirl plate 50 is arranged parallel to the plane 35 of the outlet openings 34 in front of the outlet openings 34 of the hot gases in the flow direction of the exhaust gases 40. The swirl plate 50, which is shown in a top view (partially) in FIG. 7, consists of an annular disk which is pushed onto the flame tube 30 and is fixedly connected to the housing or flame tube and has a plurality of radial slots 51 to 53. The slats 54 formed by the slots 51-53 are slightly twisted around radial axes. The inflowing exhaust gas 40 is divided with the swirl plate 50 into many partial flows, which form individual vortices 55 behind the swirl plate 50. The arrangement of the swirl plate 50 and the outlet openings 34 for the hot gas are preferably designed and arranged such that each exhaust gas vortex 55 swirls into a partial hot gas flow and thus the essential mixing of the two gases takes place at the hot gas outlet 34.

Die als Lenkbleche wirkenden Lamellen 54 der Drallplatte 50 können ferner so orientiert werden, daß sie nicht nur die Teilströme verwirbeln, sondern je nach Bedarf auch umlenken, z. B. in Richtung der Brennerachse, d. h. den Abgasstrom konzentrierend oder im Gegensatz dazu den Abgasstrom erweiternd.The acting as steering plates lamellae 54 of the swirl plate 50 can also be oriented so that they not only swirl the partial flows, but also divert as needed, z. B. in the direction of the burner axis, d. H. concentrating the exhaust gas flow or, in contrast, expanding the exhaust gas flow.

Die Schlitze der Drallplatte 50 können radial verlaufen, wie unter der Ziffer 51 in Fig. 7 gezeigt ist, oder zur Vergrößerung des Durchstromquerschnitts an der Drallplatte 50 mehr (52) oder weniger (53) schräg dazu gewählt werden. Die Drallplatte 50 trägt zur Abkürzung des Vermischungsweges zwischen Abgas und Heißgas bei und ermöglicht damit eine weitere Reduzierung des Abstandes zwischen Brenner 13 und Filter 12.The slots of the swirl plate 50 can run radially, as shown under the number 51 in FIG. 7, or more (52) or less (53) can be chosen obliquely to increase the flow cross section on the swirl plate 50. The swirl plate 50 contributes to shortening the mixing path between exhaust gas and hot gas and thus enables a further reduction in the distance between burner 13 and filter 12.

Bewirkt die Drallplatte 50 einen unerwünschten Stau in der Abgasströmung, dann ist es möglich, einen Teilstrom, in der Regel den geringeren Teilstrom 11' (Fig. 1) in den Brenner 13 zu leiten, worin der Restsauerstoff der Abgase gleichzeitig genutzt werden kann.If the swirl plate 50 causes an undesirable jam in the exhaust gas flow, then it is possible to pass a partial flow, usually the lower partial flow 11 '(FIG. 1), into the burner 13, in which the residual oxygen from the exhaust gases can be used simultaneously.

Claims (13)

  1. Exhaust system with a particle filter (12) and a burner (13) for the regeneration of the particle filter, the burner being provided with a fuel nozzle (32) and a flame tube (21, 30), which at least partly projects into the exhaust guide system and around which the exhaust flows, characterised in that the flame tube (21, 30) is formed with a plurality of hot gas outlet openings (22, 34), which lie in at least one plane (23, 35 or 46), which is oriented so as to be substantially plane parallel to the filter inlet surface (20).
  2. Exhaust system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the hot gas outlet openings (22, 34, 45) are uniformly spaced on the flame tube (21 or 30).
  3. Exhaust system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the exhaust system in the region of the burner (13) is designed in such a way that a cross-flow mixing arises between the exhaust (11, 40) and the hot gas (27, 37) issuing from the outlet openings (22, 34, 45).
  4. Exhaust system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the particle filter (12) is arranged immediately downstream of the burner (13) in the exhaust flow direction.
  5. Exhaust system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a burner (13) is provided with a mixing tube (31) and/or a recirculation of the hot gases (36).
  6. Exhaust system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a fuel/combustion air regulating device is associated with the burner (13), by means of which regulating device the burner output can be adjusted as a function of the engine load.
  7. Exhaust system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the flame tube (30) is closed at the front end (33) lying opposite the nozzle and is provided on this end with substantially radial hot gas outlet openings (34, 45).
  8. Exhaust system according to Claim 7, characterised in that the hot gas outlet openings (34) are uniformly spaced on the periphery of the flame tube (30) in a transverse plane (35).
  9. Exhaust system according to Claim 8, characterised in that hot gas outlet openings are additionally provided in a second transverse plane (46) of the flame tube (30).
  10. Exhaust system according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the flame tube (30) and the exhaust conduit (11) are arranged in relation to each other in such a way that the exhaust can flow around the flame tube in the manner of a spiral.
  11. Exhaust system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a swirl plate (50) is provided in the exhaust or exhaust-hot gas mixture flow, which swirl plate divides the gas flow into several swirling partial flows (55).
  12. Exhaust system according to Claim 11, characterised in that the swirl plate (50) is arranged immediately in front of the outlet openings (34 or 45) of the hot gas in the exhaust flow direction.
  13. Exhaust system according to Claim 11, characterised in that the flame contour can be adapted to the shape of the filter housing by shaping of the swirl plate (50).
EP90123506A 1990-01-25 1990-12-07 Exhaust system with particle filter and regeneration burner Expired - Lifetime EP0438682B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4002130 1990-01-25
DE4002130 1990-01-25
DE4009201A DE4009201A1 (en) 1990-01-25 1990-03-22 EXHAUST SYSTEM WITH A PARTICLE FILTER AND A REGENERATION BURNER
DE4009201 1990-03-22

Publications (3)

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EP0438682A2 EP0438682A2 (en) 1991-07-31
EP0438682A3 EP0438682A3 (en) 1992-02-26
EP0438682B1 true EP0438682B1 (en) 1994-07-20

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EP (1) EP0438682B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04350315A (en)
AT (1) ATE108865T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4009201A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0438682T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2031055T3 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR920300093T1 (en) 1993-02-17
EP0438682A2 (en) 1991-07-31
ES2031055T3 (en) 1994-10-16
DK0438682T3 (en) 1994-08-29
ATE108865T1 (en) 1994-08-15
DE4009201A1 (en) 1991-08-01
EP0438682A3 (en) 1992-02-26
JPH04350315A (en) 1992-12-04
DE59006514D1 (en) 1994-08-25
US5140814A (en) 1992-08-25
ES2031055T1 (en) 1992-12-01

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