EP0545953B1 - Stabilisation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement dans des compresseurs centrifuges radiaux - Google Patents

Stabilisation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement dans des compresseurs centrifuges radiaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0545953B1
EP0545953B1 EP91914047A EP91914047A EP0545953B1 EP 0545953 B1 EP0545953 B1 EP 0545953B1 EP 91914047 A EP91914047 A EP 91914047A EP 91914047 A EP91914047 A EP 91914047A EP 0545953 B1 EP0545953 B1 EP 0545953B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inlet
rotor
performance characteristics
stabilising
contour
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91914047A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0545953A1 (fr
Inventor
Arno Förster
Berthold Engels
Peter Hauck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howden Turbo GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH
Kuehnle Kopp and Kausch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH, Kuehnle Kopp and Kausch AG filed Critical Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH
Publication of EP0545953A1 publication Critical patent/EP0545953A1/fr
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Publication of EP0545953B1 publication Critical patent/EP0545953B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/685—Inducing localised fluid recirculation in the stator-rotor interface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/914—Device to control boundary layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a map stabilization in a radial compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • compressors with a characteristic that have a wide characteristic diagram and wide efficiency shells are required.
  • KSM map-stabilizing measures
  • map-stabilizing measures in the form of circulation chambers have long been known. They work in map areas in which the impeller is blown incorrectly.
  • the map stabilization enables the map to be stabilized in such critical operating points by compensating for such disturbances by the buffer volume in the circulation space. If the disturbance is more pronounced, there is a circulation between the contour grooves and the circulation space. In the area of the surge limit, the flow against the impeller is increasingly smaller and the pressure in the impeller also increases. As a result, air mass is returned to the compressor inlet. More air is sucked in at the impeller inlet than the overall compressor delivers. This improves the flow angle for this operating point and shifts the surge limit to lower throughputs.
  • the stuffing limit is caused by the speed of sound reaching the impeller inlet.
  • EP-A 348674 and EP-B 229 519, GB-OS 2 202 585 and GB-OS 2 220 447 disclose a detour line which leads directly from the suction mouth behind the compressor inlet.
  • the flow rate through the circulation space is determined by the pressure difference before the compressor wheel entry via an opening to the circulation space, which will be called opening 1 below, or from the circulation space to the pressure in an opening on the compressor wheel, which is referred to as opening 2 below .
  • the disadvantage is that the state of the circulation space is not linked to the state in the suction channel, directly before the compressor wheel inlet.
  • the groove can be used for the coordination.
  • a wide groove could significantly shift the stuffing limit, but deteriorate the efficiency considerably in the area of the optimum, so that the limit of this design results from the just tolerable deterioration in the efficiency.
  • the object underlying the invention is derived to create a characteristic curve stabilization for radial compressors, which enables the characteristic field to be broadened without loss of efficiency.
  • the flow through the circulation space serving as a bypass line in the entrance area is practically perpendicular to the main flow on the wall, so that additional vortices at this opening and the associated disadvantages are minimized.
  • this area is more closely linked to the state of the main flow directly before the compressor wheel inlet.
  • the other end of the circulation space opens into the impeller behind the compressor wheel inlet.
  • the control effect is more pronounced.
  • the use of large pressure differences through the flow connection to the impeller is possible in this design. Under stable operating conditions, the invention enables a pressure difference of zero at the circulation space to be set constructively in the optimal operating range, so that the circulation space is then ineffective and there is no loss of efficiency in this working range.
  • the invention also shows that in this embodiment a compressor can be adapted to new conditions by optimizing the entrance area.
  • the design provides for an inlet ring that influences the pressure difference in the circulation space by changing the flow conditions in the inlet.
  • the characteristic curve stabilization can be easily optimized for applications, ie with the size of the inner ring diameter the condition in the circulation space can be adjusted. As the inlet diameter becomes smaller, the state in the circulation space is more closely matched to the flow state or the flow pressure in front of the impeller leading edge.
  • a replaceable inlet as such is known from US-A-4,676,717. However, this interchangeable inlet is not used to stabilize the characteristic.
  • the radial compressor shown in Figure 1 in partial section consists of a compressor housing 1 with an impeller 49, which moves the medium to be compressed in Fig.1 from left to right.
  • the main flow enters the impeller 49 from the inlet area 11, in which an inlet ring 10 partially provided with a conical contour is arranged, and flows from the impeller outlet 46 into the diffuser 44.
  • a detour line with a circulation chamber 31 is attached in the housing wall, which is connected to the inlet area via an inlet groove 22 and opens into the main flow in the area of the impeller contour via a contour groove 38.
  • the inlet groove 22 closes the inlet section and is located with its full opening width 24 in front of the impeller leading edge 2.
  • the depth of the groove extends in the radial direction up to the inner diameter 16 of the inlet ring 10 and is from the diameter 16 of the inlet region 11 to the inner surface of webs 32 interrupted.
  • a contour ring 26 extends from the inlet groove 22 to the contour groove 38.
  • the impeller leading edge 2 is in a central axial position of the contour ring.
  • the inner diameter 28 of the contour ring corresponds to that of the impeller diameter while maintaining a necessary running gap.
  • the outer diameter of the contour ring 30 can be larger, smaller or equal to the diameter 16. In this embodiment, it is chosen to be smaller.
  • the contour ring is held centrally over the webs 32 to the housing. The webs are cast onto the compressor housing 1 or milled into it. Compressor housing 1 and inlet ring 10 can also be made in one piece.
  • the webs 32 can also be made in one piece with the contour ring 26.
  • the contour ring 26 can also form an assembly unit with the webs 32 and a further outer ring 27. This is particularly advantageous if the unit is made of plastic.
  • the contour ring 26 has an inlet cone on the inside diameter. This is chosen so that the diameter 28 in front of the impeller leading edge 2 is cylindrical.
  • the shape of the contour ring 26 in the radial direction results from the shape of the inlet groove 22 and the contour groove 38.
  • the contour groove 38 is located between the contour ring 26 and the section 42, the shape of which corresponds to the outer contour of the impeller up to the diffuser 44.
  • the diameter 40 of the diffuser-side gate edge is larger than the diameter 28 of the inlet-side gate edge.
  • the contour groove is arranged in the radial direction at an inflow angle 43 between 20 ° and 30 °. The inflow angle usually results from the perpendicular to the tangent to the inner contour, which corresponds to the outer contour of the impeller.
  • the cut edges of the contour groove 38 can be rounded off with a radius of 0 to 4 mm.
  • the radius reduces noise generated by sharp edges.
  • the radius is the same on both cut edges.
  • a further contour groove 138 can be arranged on the section 42 between the contour groove 38 and the diffuser 44. Such is shown in FIG Embodiment shown.
  • the width of this contour groove 138 is significantly smaller than the width 36 of the contour groove 38.
  • the stabilization of the characteristic curve is based on the pressure compensation via the circulation space 31, which is formed by the inlet ring 10, the compressor housing 1 and the contour ring 26 and is connected to the main flow via the connection openings 33 and 45 formed by the contour grooves 22 and 38.
  • the inlet ring delimits the circulation space via a section 15 on the inlet side.
  • the conical inlet ring 10 accelerates the main flow in the direction of the compressor wheel inlet.
  • the wall flow at the inlet ring leads to a change in state, which also influences the state in the circulation space 31 via the contour groove 22.
  • the pressures at the connection openings 33 and 45 can be determined by the dimensioning of the contour grooves 22 and 38 and the corresponding flow conditions.
  • the characteristic curve stabilization must be adapted to the type of compressor, whereby the position of the contour groove over the impeller contour, its width and inclination as well as the volume of the circulation chambers, the design of the inlet and the position of the inlet groove determine the characteristics of the speed lines. If the pressure difference is set to zero in the design range, the effect of the circulation space is canceled. In this area, the performance of the radial compressor is not affected, i.e. there are no losses in efficiency.
  • the webs 32 which hold the contour ring 26, in addition to the central fastening possibility, also perform the task of stabilizing the flow in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment according to FIG. 2 is preferable.
  • the webs no longer touch the grooves and the web itself is rounded off on the diffuser side.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the contour groove 38 does not protrude far into the circulation space 31 here.
  • the webs 32 are rounded toward the opening of the contour groove 38.
  • the groove has a smaller depth in order to facilitate assembly during series production.
  • a mounting pin 13 which fits into a bore in the housing, serves as an anti-rotation device.
  • the inlet into the circulation space at opening 45 is still sloping.
  • a radial contact surface has formed for section 42, which facilitates the assembly of the contour ring.
  • the pin 13 secures against rotation.
  • the inlet ring 10 is fitted into the entry area and secured with the pins 12.
  • Another version provides the construction according to Figure 4.
  • the insert 110 is screwed directly onto the housing and determines the outer diameter of the circulation space 31. This is a further embodiment for adapting a compressor according to customer requirements.
  • FIG. 1 A further embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the circulation space extends almost to the end of the impeller.
  • Three contour grooves 22 45 and 38 are provided here for better setting of the characteristic stabilization.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of an embodiment in which the diameter 16 of the inlet section is smaller than the contour ring.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage of a higher acceleration in the entrance area and an improvement in the pressure difference ratios in the area of the opening 33 and in the circulation space.
  • the mode of operation of the characteristic stabilization is based essentially on the flow conditions at the contour grooves 22 and 38 and in the circulation space 31 itself.
  • the flow conditions at the connection openings are significantly influenced by the contour grooves.
  • the desired characteristic is obtained by coordinating the overall system, with great emphasis being placed on maintaining the efficiency level in the case according to the invention. From this point of view, coordinating the characteristic stabilization to push the tamping limit out provides the best results. Since the working range of a compressor size with regard to the surge limit is set by varying the hub ratio or by the compressor contour, and because the same circulation device is to be used for a compressor size, the dimensioning of the KSM is expediently based on the outlet surface of the impeller.
  • the diameter 16 of the inlet is 0.64 to 1.2 times the impeller outlet diameter 48, the preferred range being between 0.7 and 0.9.
  • the width 36 of the contour groove 38 is 0.55 to 0.7 times the impeller exit width 50.
  • the axial position given by the distance 56 between the contour groove 38 and the rear end of the impeller 49, is 0.15 to 0.3 times the impeller outlet diameter 48.
  • the axial position of the inlet groove 22 is at a distance 58 from the rear end of the impeller, this distance 58 being 0.36 to 0.6 times the impeller outlet diameter 48.
  • the width 24 of the inlet groove 22 is 1 to 1.1 times the width 36 of the contour groove 38.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the circulation space 31 in the radial direction to the area of the contour groove 38 is between 3.5 and 4.5 times the area which is related to the diameter 40 of the area of the contour groove.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter 30 of the circulation space 31 is approximately 0.8 times the impeller outlet diameter 48.
  • the groove width 36 of the contour groove 38 is 0.03 to 0.05 times the impeller outlet diameter 48.
  • the ratio of the area of the contour groove 38 to the square of the impeller outlet diameter 48 is 0.106 to 0.151 times the hub ratio, the hub ratio being the ratio of the impeller diameter is determined in the inlet 34 to that of the outlet 48 and is for example between 0.64 to 0.74.
  • the volume of the circulation space 31 is between 0.06 and 0.23 times the third power of the impeller outlet diameter 48.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif pour la stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial comprenant une section d'entrée (11) une roue à aubes (49) et une section de sortie (46, 44) la roue à aubes (49) étant placée entre la section d'entrée (11) et la section de sortie (46, 44) et transportant, par rotation de la roue à aubes, un liquide refoulé de la section d'entrée (11) vers la section de sortie (46, 44), la roue à aubes présentant le long de son axe un contour qui varie, du diamètre d'entrée (34) au diamètre de sortie (48), suivant le profil de la paroi de contour (42) qui l'entoure, et le système de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement comportant un volume de circulation (31) qui communique avec le courant principal par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture de communication (33) dans la section d'entrée (11) et d'une ouverture de communication (45) ménagée dans la paroi de contour (42) entre l'entrée (2) et la sortie (46) de la roue à aubes, caractérisé en ce que dans la section d'entrée (11) est disposée une bague d'entrée (10) qui resserre et accélère le courant principal, recouvre le volume de circulation (31) par rapport au courant principal sur une distance (15) et forme une section d'entrée qui se rétrécit progressivement dans la direction d'écoulement et que l'ouverture de communication (33) est disposée dans l'extension de la section d'entrée se rétrécissant de manière progressive de telle sorte que le courant passant par le volume de circulation (31) est raccordé au courant principal dans une région dans laquelle ledit courant principal est accéléré.
  2. Dispositif pour la stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le recouvrement partiel du volume de circulation (31) est assuré par une bague d'entrée (10) interchangeable et adaptable.
  3. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre d'entrée (16) est compris entre 0,64 et 1,2 fois le diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes, de préférence entre 0,7 et 0,9 fois.
  4. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une rainure de contour (38) amenant le courant à la roue à aubes (49) présente un angle d'affluence (43) dans le sens radial entre 20° et 30°.
  5. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (36) de la rainure de contour (38) est comprise entre 0,55 et 0,7 fois la largeur de sortie (50) de la roue à aubes.
  6. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une rainure de contour supplémentaire (138) dont la largeur peut atteindre un quart de la largeur de sortie (50) de la roue à aubes.
  7. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la position axiale, définie par la distance (56) entre la rainure de contour (38) et l'extrémité postérieure de la roue à aubes (49) est de 0,15 à 0,3 fois le diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes.
  8. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la position de la rainure d'entrée (22) se situe à la distance (58) de l'extrémité postérieure de la roue à aubes, laquelle distance est égale à 0,36 à 0,6 fois le diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes.
  9. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre la largeur (24) de la rainure d'entrée (22) et la largeur (36) de la rainure de contour (38) est compris entre 1 et 1,1.
  10. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre l'aire de la section du volume de circulation (31) et la surface radiale de la rainure de contour (38) est compris entre 3,5 et 4,5.
  11. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre intérieur (30) du volume de circulation (31) est d'environ 0,8 fois le diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes.
  12. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (36) de la rainure de contour (38) est égale à 0,03 à 0,05 fois le diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes.
  13. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la surface de la rainure de contour (38) et le carré du diamètre de sortie de la roue à aubes est compris entre 0,106 à 0,151 fois le rapport des moyeux, le rapport des moyeux étant défini par le rapport des diamètres de la roue à aubes à l'entrée (34) et à la sortie (48).
  14. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le volume de l'espace de circulation (31) est compris entre 0,06 et 0,23 fois la puissance trois du diamètre de sortie (48) de la roue à aubes.
  15. Dispositif de stabilisation des caractéristiques de fonctionnement pour un compresseur centrifuge radial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces frontales des nervures portant la bague de contour (26) sont arrondies.
EP91914047A 1990-08-28 1991-07-30 Stabilisation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement dans des compresseurs centrifuges radiaux Expired - Lifetime EP0545953B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4027174A DE4027174A1 (de) 1990-08-28 1990-08-28 Kennfeldstabilisierung bei einem radialverdichter
DE4027174 1990-08-28
PCT/EP1991/001431 WO1992003660A1 (fr) 1990-08-28 1991-07-30 Stabilisation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement dans des compresseurs centrifuges radiaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0545953A1 EP0545953A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
EP0545953B1 true EP0545953B1 (fr) 1994-10-12

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EP91914047A Expired - Lifetime EP0545953B1 (fr) 1990-08-28 1991-07-30 Stabilisation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement dans des compresseurs centrifuges radiaux

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5333990A (fr)
EP (1) EP0545953B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05509142A (fr)
KR (1) KR920702468A (fr)
AT (1) ATE112820T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9106796A (fr)
CA (1) CA2090615A1 (fr)
CS (1) CS262791A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE4027174A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL291433A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992003660A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA915834B (fr)

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DE4027174A1 (de) 1992-03-05
DE59103244D1 (de) 1994-11-17
ZA915834B (en) 1992-04-29
WO1992003660A1 (fr) 1992-03-05
BR9106796A (pt) 1993-07-06
DE4027174C2 (fr) 1992-06-11
KR920702468A (ko) 1992-09-04
US5333990A (en) 1994-08-02
JPH05509142A (ja) 1993-12-16
PL291433A1 (en) 1992-07-13
CA2090615A1 (fr) 1992-03-01
EP0545953A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
CS262791A3 (en) 1992-03-18
ATE112820T1 (de) 1994-10-15

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