EP0545705A1 - Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0545705A1
EP0545705A1 EP92311028A EP92311028A EP0545705A1 EP 0545705 A1 EP0545705 A1 EP 0545705A1 EP 92311028 A EP92311028 A EP 92311028A EP 92311028 A EP92311028 A EP 92311028A EP 0545705 A1 EP0545705 A1 EP 0545705A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
guide plate
light guide
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92311028A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0545705B1 (fr
Inventor
Yoshitaka Yamamoto
Yutaka Ishii
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP3318991A external-priority patent/JP3007735B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP3318989A external-priority patent/JP3015174B2/ja
Application filed by Sharp Corp filed Critical Sharp Corp
Publication of EP0545705A1 publication Critical patent/EP0545705A1/fr
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Publication of EP0545705B1 publication Critical patent/EP0545705B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003—Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133616—Front illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18—Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804—Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1822—Stair-cased profiled window
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18—Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804—Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1827—Prismatic window
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18—Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804—Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1831—Achieving homogeneous illumination using more than one light source

Definitions

  • the present Invention relates to a so-called reflective type liquid crystal display device used in word processor, personal computer, other office automatic appliances, view finder of portable video tape recorder, and various monitors of video signals.
  • the EL electro-luminescence
  • CRT cathode ray tube
  • LED light emitting diode
  • the liquid crystal is a display device which does not emit light by itself but receives light and exhibits a display. Therefore, it requires a light source in order that the display be visualized so as to be visible by the human eye.
  • many structures have been proposed and realized for the light source device of direct-viewing type liquid crystal display devices. Principal examples are given below.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a constituent example of a liquid crystal display device using a light source device of illumination lamp type.
  • Lamps 11a, 11b are disposed on both sides of the front side of a liquid crystal display device 12.
  • the light from the lamps 11a, 11b passes through the liquid crystal display device 12, and is reflected by a reflector 13, and is projected again to the liquid crystal display device 12 to be display light.
  • the lamps 11a, 11b as the light source may be installed at the front side of the display surface of the liquid crystal display device 12, and the number of parts is small, and a simple and inexpensive liquid crystal display device is presented.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a constituent example of a liquid crystal display device using a light source of reflector mirror type.
  • the reflector mirror type the light utilization efficiency is high, and a high luminance is obtained, and hence it is widely employed.
  • a reflector 22 is disposed, and the light from the lamp 23 is efficiently radiated to the front side (the liquid crystal display device 24 side).
  • the high luminance portion is deviated to the periphery of the lamp 23, and it tends to be uneven in luminance, and therefore a diffusion plate 21 is disposed in front of the lamp 23 and the luminance uniformity is improved by varying the thickness of the diffusion plate 21.
  • the light from the diffusion plate 21 is projected to the liquid crystal display device 24.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the constitution of a liquid crystal display device using a light source device of flat plate lamp type.
  • a fluorescent compound is applied to the both inner surface of a front glass plate 35 and a rear glass plate 36, and a fluorescent plane 31 is formed.
  • discharge electrodes 32a, 32b are disposed, and by discharge between the discharge electrodes 32a, 32b, the fluorescent plane 31 emits light.
  • the light from the fluorescent plane 31 is projected to a liquid crystal display device 37.
  • the lamp itself is a flat plate, which may be disposed at the rear side of the liquid crystal display device 37, and the optical system is not necessary, so that the efficiency of utilization of light is high.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram for showing the constitution of a liquid crystal display device using a light source device of light guide plate type.
  • the light radiated from a lamp 41 is guided by multiple reflection of the inner surface of a light guide plate 43 composed of acrylic resin excellent in light transmissivity.
  • a reflector 42 is disposed on the opposite side surface of a liquid crystal display device 45 of the light guide plate 43, and the light from the lamp 41 is taken out through a diffusion plate 44 only from the front side, and is projected to the liquid crystal display device 45.
  • the lamp 41 focuses the light by making use of the reflector 42 end a slit not shown, and the utilization efficiency of light is improved, but since this light source device is not designed to make use of total reflection of the light guide plate 43 in its principle, the reflector 42 and the slit are not for limiting the incident angle of the light.
  • This light source device is relatively thin, and is excellent in uniformity of luminance, so that it is applicable to thin design of electrinic appliances utilizing portable liquid crystal display devices.
  • the EL is a thin, lightweight, flat light source device, excellent in uniformity of luminance, possessing properties as the light source device for liquid crystal display device, but it is low in surface luminance, narrow in selection width of light color, and fast in color deterioration during use, and it has been replaced by the fluorescent lamp in the color trend of liquid crystal display device. Recently, however, the EL of high luminance and long life is being developed, and the EL lamp is being reviewed in the background of the thin design of liquid crystal display device.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the constitution of a liquid crystal device using a light source device of transparent reflector type.
  • the light radiated from a lamp 51 is reflected by a front reflector 54 disposed at the front side (the observer 65 side) of a liquid crystal display device 52, and passes through the liquid crystal display device 52, and is reflected by a rear reflector 53, and passes through the liquid crystal display device 52 again and then the front reflector 54, and reaches the observer 55 looking at the liquid crystal display device 52.
  • the liquid crystal display device making use of this light source device has not been realized yet.
  • the word processor, personal computer, and other office automation appliances are becoming small and portable progressively.
  • the portable appliance considering the convenience of carrying, thin size and light weight are essential conditions, and the keyboard, display device and battery are rapidly becoming thinner in size and lighter in weight.
  • the reflection type liquid crystal display device shows the display that is visible only with external light in the sufficiently illuminated environments, and the display device without light source device is widely employed.
  • the display is hard to read when the ambient illumination becomes dark, which often causes troubles in use.
  • the reflective type liquid crystal display device with a light source device capable of illuminating the entire surface of the display device uniformly, being light in weight and thin in size.
  • a transparent light source device since it is not possible to illuminate from the rear side, a transparent light source device must be disposed in front of the display surface.
  • the reflective liquid crystal display device having a transparent prepositional light source device presents a display visible with external light only without using light source device built in the appliance as far as the ambient illumination is bright enough, and the light source device built in the appliance may be used when the ambient illumination is insufficient, and thus the light source device may be used only when required, so that the power consumption may be saved.
  • the light source device cannot be disposed before the liquid crystal display device.
  • the (d) light guide plate type has the reflector, which cannot be place at the front because the light source is not transparent.
  • both (a) illumination lamp type and (b) transparent reflector type can be both installed before the liquid crystal display device, but uniform illumination is difficult.
  • the light source device becomes large and thick.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display element is twisted by 90 to 270 degrees as initial orientation, and the liquid crystal display elements are disposed between a pair of polarizers, and display is made by making use of the optical properties of the liquid crystal display elements, that is, the optical rotation characteristics without electric field and optical rotation cancellation characteristics in voltage applied state, but in the (a) illumination lamp type or (f) transparent reflector type, since the light source device must be disposed outside of the two polarizers, the light source light passes through each polarizer twice, or four times in total. Accordingly, the light absorption by the pularizer is large, and the utilization efficiency of light source light is lowered
  • the invention presents a liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal display element composed of a transparent substrate, a counter substrate disposed oppositely to the transparent substrate and possessing reflecting means for reflecting the incident light entered from the transparent substrate side, and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, a light guide plate disposed at the transparent substrate side of the liquid crystal display element, and a light source disposed at the side of the light guide plate, where in the condition of n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ n2 may be satisfied supposing the refractive index of the light guide plate to be n, the refractive index of the substance positioned at the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate to be n1, the refractive index of the substance positioned at the liquid crystal display element side of the light quire plato to be n2, and the incident angle of the light source light to the normal or perpendicular to the opposite side surface of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate to be ⁇ .
  • the reflecting means is disposed at the confronting substrate side disposed oppositely to the transparent substrate, and the display is made by controlling transmission/shielding of the light by using the liquid crystal display element reflecting the light coming in from the transparent substrate side.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the invention has the light guide plate disposed at the transparent substrate side of the liquid crystal display element, while the light source is located at the outer side of the side surface of the light guide plate.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the light source light to the normal or perpendicular to the inner surface of the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate is so set as to satisfy the relation of formula (1), that is, so as to reflect totally and that the reflected light may not be reflected totally of the inner surface of the liquid crystal element side of the light guide plate. Therefore, the light source light is not emitted to the observer side, and is entered in the liquid crystal display element. This incident light is reflected by the reflector, and only the light not conforming to the total reflection condition in the light guide plate, out of the display light passing through the liquid crystal display element passes through the light guide plate.
  • the light reaching the eye of the observer located at the specific distance from the transparent substrate of the display surface does not conform to the total reflection conditions usually, so that the display may be observed without problem.
  • the light guide plate is transparent, and the entrance of the external light from the transparent substrate side is not disturbed, so that the display by the external light is effected.
  • the light source device consisting of light guide plate and light source may be installed at the front side (display surface side) of the liquid crystal display element, and a uniform illumination is possible when the light source is being lit, and when the light source is turned off, the light guide plate is transparent, and the entrance of external light is not disturbed, so that a favorable display may be realized.
  • the light source device is a thin and flat, and it can be installed between the polarizer and liquid crystal display element. In this case, as compared with the conventional liquid crystal display device installing the light source device outside the polarizer, the number of passings of the polarizer is smaller by one time, and therefore the light absorption by the polarizer decreases, thereby realizing a bright display.
  • the light guide plate and light source for composing the light source device may be installed at the front side of the liquid crystal display element, and the light from the light source does not directly get into tube eye, while uniform iilumination of the liquid crystal display element may be realized.
  • the light guide plate since the light guide plate is thin, it is suited to the portable office automation appliance mounting a reflective type liquid crystal display device.
  • the power consumption may be saved by lighting or putttng out selectively as required, that is, putting out the light source when the surrounding condition is bright and it is enough to illuminate with external light alone, and turning on the light when the surrounding is dark. In this way, the reflective type liquid crystal display device of light weight, thin type and low power consumption may be realized.
  • the invention also presents a liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal display element composed of a transparent substrate, a counter substrate disposed oppositely to the transparent substrate and possessing reflecting means for reflecting the incident light entered from the transparent substrate side, and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, a light guide plate disposed at the transparent substrate side of the liquid crystal display element, and a light source disposed at the side of the light guide plate, wherein plural protrusions ate formed on the surface of the light guide plate at the liquid crystal display element side, and the condition of n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ is satisfied, supposing the refractive index of the light guide plate to be n, the refractive index of the substance positioned at the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate to be n1 and the incident angle of the light source light to the normal or perpendicular to the opposite side surface of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate to be ⁇ .
  • the reflecting means is disposed at the counter substrate side disposed oppositely to the transparent substrate, and the display is effected by controlling the transmission/shielding of the light by using the liquid crystal display element reflecting the light entered from the transparent substrate side.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the invention has the light guide plate disposed at the transparent substrate side of the liquid crystal display element, and the light source is located at the outer side of the :side surface of the light guide plate.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the light source light to the inner surface at the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element of the light guide plate is set so as to satisfy the relation of formula (2), that is, to reflect totally.
  • the light entering the protrusion portion is small in the incident angle than the light entering the surface other than the protrusion portion, and is hence emitted to the liquid crystal display element side. Therefore, the light source light is not emitted to the observer side, and is entered in the liquid crystal display element.
  • This incident light is reflected by the reflector, and only the light not conforming to the total reflection condition in the light guide plate, out of the display light passing through the liquid crystal display element passes through the light guide plate.
  • the light reaching the eye of the observer located at a specific distance from the transparent substrate of the display surface does not conform to the total reflection conditions usually, so that the display may be observed without problem.
  • the light guide plat is transparent, and the entrance of the external light from the transparent substrate side is not disturbed, so that the display by the external light is effected.
  • the light source device consisting of light guide plate and light source may be installed at the front side (display surface side) of the liquid crystal display element, and a uniform illumination is possible when the light source is being lit, and when the light source is turned off, the light guide plate is transparent, and the entrance of external light is not disturbed, so that a favorable display may be realized.
  • the light source device is a thin and flat, and it can be installed between the polarizer and liquid crystal display element. In this case, as compared with the conventional liquid crystal display device installing the light source device outside the polarizer, the number of passings of the polarizer is smaller by one time, and therefore the light absorption by the polarizer decreases, thereby realizing a bright display.
  • the light guide plate and light source for composing the light source device may be installed at the front side of the liquid crystal display element, and the light from the light source does not directly get into the eye, while uniform illumination of the liquid crystal display element may be realized.
  • the light guide plate since the light guide plate is thin, it is suited to the portable office automation appliance mounting a reflective type liquid crystal display device.
  • the power consumption may be saved by lighting or putting out selectively as required, that is, putting out the light source when the surrounding condition is bright and it is enough to illuminate with external light alone, and turning on the light when the surrounding is dark. In this way, the reflective type liquid crystal display device of light weight, thin type and low power consumption may be realised.
  • the reflecting means has its reflection surface formed in a smooth undulated surface, and is disposed on the opposite side surface from the liquid crystal layer to the counter substrate.
  • the reflecting means has its reflection surface formed in a smooth undulated surface, and is disposed on the liquid crystal layer side surface to the counter substrate.
  • one polarizer when disposing one polarizer, it is disposed at the front side of the light guide plate.
  • an air layer with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ) is interposed between the polarizer and light guide plate.
  • the surface of the front side of the light guide plate is coated with a material with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ), and the polarizer is directly disposed on its surface.
  • the polarizer made of a material with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ )is directly disposed on the light guide plate.
  • one polarizer when disposing two polarizers, one polarizer is disposed at the front side of the light guide plate, and the other polarizer is disposed between the reflecting means located outside the counter substrate and the counter substrate.
  • an air layer with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ) is interposed between one polarizer and the light guide plate.
  • the surface of the front side of the light guide plate is coated with a material with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ), and one polarizer is directly disposed on its surface.
  • one polarizer made of a material with a refractive index n1 (satisfying n1 ⁇ n ⁇ sin ⁇ ) is directly disposed on the light guide plate.
  • a diffusion plate is disposed at the front side of the reflecting means.
  • a reflector for preventing light leak from the light guide plate is disposed at the side of the light guide plate not provided with the light source.
  • the light source is lit when sufficient quantity of light is not obtained by the surrounding light alone.
  • the protrusions are in a conical form.
  • the protrusions are in a pyramidal form.
  • the protrusions are in a truncated conical form.
  • the protrusions are in a truncated pyramidal form.
  • the sectional shapp of the protrusions is nearly semicircular.
  • the sectional shape of the protrusions is ellipsoidal.
  • the sectional shape of the protrusions is parabolic.
  • the sectional shape of the protrusions is arcuate.
  • the protrusions are in an identical shape differing in size.
  • the protrusions are in plural different shapes.
  • the array density of the protrusions increases continuously or in steps, in proportion to the distance from the light source.
  • the size of the protrusions increases, either continuously or in steps, in proportion to the distance from the light source.
  • the protrusions are disposed in other regions than the pixels of the liquid crystal display element.
  • the liquid crystal display element side surface of the light guide plate is coated with a film made of a light transmitted material of which refractive index is lower than that of the light guide plate, and the film thickness of the coating film is decreased, either continuously or in steps, in inverse proportion to the distance from the light source.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a constitutional example of a liquid crystal display device by illumination lamp type.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing a constitutional example of a liquid crystal display device by reflector mirror type.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a constitutional example of a liquid crystal display device by flat plate lamp type.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing a constitutional example of a liquid crystal display device by light guide plate type.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing a constitutional example of a liquid crystal display device by transparent reflector type.
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device 60 in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a process chart for explaining the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 60.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle of a light guide plate 61 provided in the liquid crystal display device 60.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device 160 is a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a process chart for explaining the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 160.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle of a light guide plate 161 provided in the liquid crystal display device 160.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining the other operating principle of the light guide plate 161 provided in the liquid crystal display device 160.
  • Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining a different embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining another operating principle of the light guide plate 161 used in the invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a graph showing the relation between the number of protrusions and the quantity of light.
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device 60 in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the liquid crystal display device 60 is composed by disposing a liquid crystal display element 72 between a pair at polarizers 64a, 64b.
  • the liquid crystal display element 72 is composed by interposing a liquid crystal layer 66 between a pair of transparent substrates 65a, 65b made of glass or the like.
  • the liquid crystal display element 72 is a liquid crystal display device of TFT (thin film transistor) type as described later. Therefore, the TFT type is explained in the embodiment, but the invention is not limited to it alone, but may be realized in other methods, such as MIM (metal insulator metal) methad and passive-matrix method.
  • MIM metal insulator metal
  • a reflector 68 is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element 72 of the polarizer 64b.
  • the surface of the liquid crystal display element 72 side of the reflector 68 is undulated so as to reflect uniformly the incident light from the liquid crystal display element 72 side.
  • a light guide plate 61 is disposed through an air layer 71 against the polarizer 64a.
  • lamp 63a, 63b are disposed at the outer side of the confronting side surface of the light guide plate 61.
  • collimators 62a, 62b are disposed between the light guide plate 61 and lamps 63a, 63b. The collimators 62a, 62b limit the incident angle of the light from the lamps 63a, 63b to the upper surface 61a of the light guide plate 61.
  • the light guide plate 61 and transparent substrate 65a, transparent substrate 65b and polarizer 64b, and polarizer 64b and reflector 68 are respectively adhered with each other by means of transparent adhesives 67a, 67b, 67c. Or, the leak of light may be prevented by disposing a reflector at the side surface where the lamps 63a, 63b of the light guide plate 61 are not disposed.
  • the materials of the light guide plate 61, glass substrate 65a, liquid crystal layer 66, transparent substrate 65b, polarizer 64b, and transparent adhesives 67a, 67b, 67c are selected so that the refractive index may be nearly equal.
  • the collimators 62a, 62b are used, but other method may be also employed as far as the incident angle may be limited in a specific range.
  • the incident light may be limited by providing slits in the lamps 63a, 63b, or in the area near the lamps 63a, 63b, the incident angle to the light guide plate 61 is small, and total reflection does not occur, and therefore the light source light leaks directly from the surface of the light guide plate 61 to outside, and this portion may be shielded.
  • the refractive index of the light guide plate 61 By setting the refractive index of the light guide plate 61 at a proper value, all light entering the light guide plate 61 may satisfy the total reflection condition. In such a case, the collimators may be omitted.
  • either one or both of the surfaces 61a, 61b of the light guide plate 61 may be coated with anti-reflection film, total reflection inducing coating, or coating for preventing scratches or repairing scratches.
  • the reflector 68, transparent substrate 65b, or light guide plate 61 and transparent substrate 65a may be fixed by other means than transparent adhesives, silicone oil or other filler may be used instead of the transparent adhesive.
  • the light guide plate 61 is adhered on the transparent substrate 65a by using transparent adhesive 67a, but the light guide plate 61 may be used as the transparent substrate 65a. That is, in this case, the transparent substrate 65a and transparent adhesive 67a may be omitted.
  • the surface of the upper surface 61a of the light guide plate 61 may be coated with a material smaller in the refractive index than the light guide plate material.
  • the refractive index of the coating agent to be n1
  • the refractive index of the light guide plate 61 to be n and the incident angle of the light 69a to the normal or perpendicular to the light guide 61 to be ⁇ , as far as the relation of sin ⁇ > n1/n is satisfied
  • the light entering the light guide plate 61 is totally reflected between the light guide plate 61 and the coating agent, so that the polarizer 64a may be directly adhered to the light guide plate 61.
  • the polarizer 64a may be directly adhered to the light guide plate 61.
  • Fig. 7 is a process chart for explaining the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 60.
  • the transparent substrate 65b is formed by using borosilicate glass, and an amorphous silicon TFT (thin film transistor) is formed on one surface of this transparent substrate 65b in a general procedure, and a pixel electrode is formed in a matrix.
  • a resin such as polyimide is applied, and an alignment film is formed by rubbing process.
  • the transparent substrate 65a is formed, and a transparent electrode (ITO: indium tin oxide) as a common electrode and an alignment film are formed on one surface thereof.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a TN (twisted nematic) liquid crystal is poured to seal between the transparent substrates 65a, 65b.
  • the liquid crystal was ZLI-1565 manufactured by Merck, but other liquid crystal material may be used.
  • the polarizer is not needed, so that the utilization efficiency of the light is enhanced.
  • display is possible by using only one polarizer.
  • the polarizer is not needed, same as in the case of the liquid crystal material of compounding the organic polymer and liquid crystal compound.
  • the TN liquid crystal material many other materials are known as the TN liquid crystal material, and other materials may be also used.
  • the polarizer 64b is sticked to the transparent substrate 65b with an epoxy transparent adhesive 67b.
  • an A1 (aluminum) reflector plate 68 with hair line processing is adhered to the polarizer 64b with an epoxy transparent adhesive 67c.
  • borosilicate glass of about 2.5 mm in plate thickness is adhered on the transparent substrate 65a with a transparent adhesive 67a to obtain the light guide plate 61.
  • an example of adhering the A1 reflector plate 68 to the polarizer 64b is shown, but it is not limitative.
  • the polarizer 64b out of the pair of polarizers 64a, 64b may be omitted, and hence the reflector plate may be directly formed on the glass substrate 65b.
  • the reflector plate may be formed on the surface of the liquid crystal layer side, or on the apposite side surface of the liquid crystal layer.
  • a polarizer 64a was installed at a gap of about 1 mm against the upper surface 61a of the light guide plate 61. Fixing them to the frame not shown, at process a9, the collimators 62a, 62b, and the lamps 63a, 63b were installed.
  • Fig. 8 is a drawing for explaining the operation of the light guide plate 61.
  • the light entering the light guide plate 61 from the lamps 63a, 63b consists of the light 69a reflected by the upper surface 61a of the light guide plate 61, and the light 69b entering in the direction of the reflector plate 68 directly.
  • n is about 1.5, and therefore the incident angle ⁇ is 42 degrees or more.
  • a glass plate is used as the light guide plate, but other material than glass may be also used as far as the light can be guided uniformly without deterioration and the refractive index is proper.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • CR-39 resin polycarbonate
  • polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride
  • polyester or other materials may be used.
  • the light 69b advancing directly in the direction of the reflector plate 68 runs forward without being affected by reflection or refraction because the refractive index of the material through which the light passes is nearly equal to the refractive index of the light guide plate 61.
  • the light reaching the reflection surface 68a of the reflector plate 68 is scattered by the reflection surface 68a, and is made uniform.
  • passing sequentially the adhesive 67c, polarizer 64b, adhesive 67b, transparent substrate 65b, liquid crystal layer 66, transparent substrate 66a, adhesive 67a, light guide plate 61, air layer 71, and polarizer 64a it reaches the observer 70.
  • a diffusion plate may be placed between the reflector plate 68 and the polarizer 64b.
  • the light guide plate 61 may be processed. For example, by coating the lower surface 61b of the light guide plate 61 with a film low in refractive index and partially removing by etching, the quantity of light taken out from the light guide plate 61 may be controlled. That is, in order that the illumination may be uniform on the entire surface of the display device, the coating film is formed densely near the lamps 63a, 63b, and sparsely at a place remote from the lamps by forming the pattern, so that the quantity of light may be made uniform within the light guide plate.
  • the quantity of light may be also made uniform by varying the film thickness of the coating film. If the coating film is thin, the light leaks through the film, and therefore the output light may be made uniform by increasing the coating film thickness, for example, near the lamps 63a. 63b, and decreasing the coating film thickness as departing from the lamps 63a, 63b.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the invention.
  • the refractive index of the substance contacting with the upper surface 61a of the light guide plate 61 is supposed to be n1
  • the refractive index of the light guide plate 61 to be n the refractive index of the substance contacting with the lower surface 61b of the light guide plate 61 to be n2.
  • the refractive index of the substance contacting with the lower surface 61b of the light guide plate 61 to be n2.
  • n2/n nearly 1, and almost all light of total reflection by the upper surface 61a is emitted from the lower surface 61b, and when the refractive index of the lower structures such as the liquid crystal display element 72 is all equal to n, the light is not refracted, but runs straightly forward.
  • n ⁇ n2 and the refractive index of the lower structures such as the liquid crystal display element 72 is all n2, as shown in Fig. 9 (4), the light is refracted by the lower surface 61b, but runs straight afterwards.
  • the light guide plate 61, collimators 62a, 62b, and lamps 63a, 63b for composing the light source device may be disposed at the front side (the observer 70 side) of the liquid crystal display element 72. Accordingly, in the reflective type liquid crystal display device, if the surrounding is dark, by lighting the light source, the light necessary for display is given to the liquid crystal display device 72, so that a visible display is realized. When the surrounding is bright, by putting out the light source, the light guide plate 61 becomes transparent, and a sufficiently visible display is realized with the external light alone. Thus, by operating the light source device only when necessary, the power consumption may be saved.
  • the light guide plate 61 may be disposed between the polarizer 64a and the liquid crystal display element 72, and the number of passings of the light through the polarizer is decreased by one time, and a brighter display is realized as compared with the case of disposing the light guide plate 61 outside of the polarizer 64a.
  • two confronting lamps 63a, 63b are used, but one lamp may be enough provided that a sufficient quantity of light may be obtained.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device 160 as a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the liquid crystal display device 160 is composed by interposing a liquid crystal display element 72 between a pair of polarizers 64a, 64b.
  • the liquid crystal display element 72 is composed by interposing a liquid crystal layer 66 between a pair of transparent substrates 65a, 65b made of glass or the like.
  • the liquid crystal display element 72 is a liquid crystal display element of TFT (thin film transistor) type.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • the embodiment refers to the example of TFT type, but it is not limitative, and other methods may be also applied, including MIM (metal insulator metal) method and passive-matrix method.
  • a reflector plate 68 is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element 72 of the polarizer 64b.
  • the liquid crystal display element 72 side surface of the reflector plate 68, undulations are formed to reflect uniformly the incident light from the liquid crystal display element 72 side.
  • a light guide plate 161 is disposed through air layers 71a, 71b against the polarizer 64a, and liquid crystal display element 72.
  • plural protrusions 161c are formed on the liquid crystal display element 72 side of the light guide plate 161.
  • lamps 63a, 63b are disposed.
  • Collimators 62a, 62b are disposed between the light guide plate 161 and lamps 63a, 63b.
  • the collimators 62a, 62b limit the incident angle of the light from the lamps 63a, 63b to the upper surface 161a of the light guide plate 161.
  • a reflector plate may be disposed to prevent leak of light.
  • the transparent substrate 65a and polarizer 64b, and the polarizer 64b and reflector plate 68 are respectively adhered with transparent adhesives 67a, 67b.
  • the materials of the transparent substrate 65, liquid crystal layer 66, transparent substrate 65b, polarizer 64b, and transparent adhesives 67a, 67b were selected so that the refractive index may be nearly equal.
  • the collimators 62a, 62b are used for limiting the incident angle of the incident light from the lamps 63a, 63b to the light guide plate 161, but other means may be employed as far as the incident angle may be limited within a specific range.
  • the incident angle may be defined by forming slits in the lamps 63a, 63b, or since the incident angle to the light guide plate 161 is small in the area near the lamps 63a, 63b, and total reflection does not occur, and therefore the light of the light source directly escapes outside from the surface of the light guide plate 161, and hence this area may be shielded.
  • the refractive index n of the light guide plate 161 may be omitted.
  • either one or both of the surfaces 161a, 161b of the light guide plate 161 may be coated with an anti-reflection film, coating for inducing total reflection, or coating for preventing scratches or repairing scratches.
  • the gaps may be filled with other filler such as silicone oil, instead of transparent adhesives.
  • the upper surface 161a of the light guide plate 161 may be coated with a material having a smaller refractive index than the light guide plate material.
  • the polarizer 64a may be directly adhered onto the light guide 161.
  • the lower surface 161b of the light guide plate 161 may be coated with a material having a larger refractive index than the light guide plate material.
  • the lower surface 161b may be coated, or a transparent adhesive having a proper refractive index may be used to adhere to the glass substrate 65a.
  • the liquid crystal display device using the polarizers is mentioned, but the invention may be also realized in a liquid crystal display device of polymer dispersion type not using polarizer.
  • the polarizers 64a, 64b and adhesive 67a may be omitted.
  • Fig. 11 shows a process chart for explaining the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device 160.
  • a transparent substrate 65b is formed by using borosilicate glass, and an amorphous silicon TFT is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 65b in a general procedure, and pixel electrodes art formed in a matrix.
  • a resin such as polyimide is applied, and an alignment film is formed by rubbing process.
  • a transparent substrate 65a is formed by using borosilicate glass or the like, and a transparent electrode (ITO: indium tin oxide) as a common electrode and an alignment film are formed on one surface thereof.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the transparent substrates 65a, 65b are disposed so that the electrode forming surfaces may confront, and are glued together by inserting a spacer between the substrates.
  • the space between the transparent substrates 65a, 65b is sealed with NT (twisted nematic) liquid crystal.
  • NT twisted nematic
  • the liquid crystal of ZLI-1565 manufactured by Merck was used, but other liquid crystal materials may be used.
  • the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal which is a compounding liquid crystal material of organic polymer and liquid crystal compound, the polarizer is not necessary, and the light utilization efficienccy is enhanced.
  • the liquid crystal material of guest-host type it is possible to display with one polarizer alone.
  • the polarizer plate is not needed same as in the case of using the compounding liquid crystal material of organic polymer and liquid crystal compound.
  • the TN liquid crystal material many materials are known aside from those disclosed in the embodiment, and other materials may be used.
  • the polarizer 64b is adhered to the transparent substrate 65b with an epoxy transparent adhesive 67a. Consequently, at process b6, the hairline-processed A1 reflector plate 68 is adhered to the polarizer 64b with an epoxy transparent adhesive 67b. Then, at process b7, a light guide plate 161 made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) with a plate thickness of about 2.5 mm forming conical protrusions of about 20 ⁇ m in diameter and about 12 ⁇ m in height on one surface was fixed at a proper position lighting contacting with the upper substrate 65a.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • This embodiment relates to an example of adhesing the A1 reflector plate 68 to the polarizer 64b, but it is not limitative.
  • the ECB electrically controlled birefringence
  • guest-host type LC guest-host type LC
  • White Taylor type guest-host LC and polymer dispersion type LC
  • one polarizer 64b of the pair of polarizers 64a, 64b can be omitted, and therefore the reflector plate may be directly formed on the glass substrate 65b.
  • the reflector plate may be formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface, or formed on the opposite side surface of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the polarizer 64a was installed at a gap of about 1 mm to the upper surface 161a of the light guide plate 161. After fixing them to the frame not shown, at process b9, collimators 62a, 62b, and lamps 63a, 63b were installed.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram for explaining the principle of operation of the light guide plate 161.
  • the incident light 69 entering the light guide plate 161 from the lamps 63a, 63b satisfies the condition of sin ⁇ 1 > 1/n supposing the incident angle to the upper surface 161a of the light guide plate 161 to be ⁇ 1 and the refractive index of the light guide plate 161 to be n
  • the incident light 69 propagates inside the light guide plate 161 while repeating reflections on the upper surface 161a and lower surface 161b of the light guide plate 161.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 3 satisfies the condition of sin ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1/n
  • the light 69 is not totally reflected on the surface of the protrusions 161c of the light guide plate 161, but is emitted outside of the light guide plate 161.
  • the exit angle ⁇ 4 satisfies the condition of ⁇ 4 > 90° - ⁇ 2 the exit light enters again the light guide plate 161 from the lower surface 161b, and leaves from the upper surface 161a.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is limited so as to satisfy the condition of ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 + sin ⁇ 1 (sin (90° - ⁇ 2)/n)
  • the refractive index n is about 1.5.
  • the condition for not inducing total reflection of the illumination light 69 on the surface of the protrusions 161c is as follows. ⁇ 2 > 48° The condition of the light once leaving that should not enter again is ⁇ 1 ⁇ 74.5°
  • the illumination light 63 propagating through the light guide plate 161 does not enter the front end portion of the protrusions 161 formed in a conical or pyramidal form, and hence the front end portion of the protrusions 161c may be formed flatly.
  • the protrusions 161c are in a truncated conical or pyramidal form.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram showing other shape of the protrusions 161. Here, easy-to-process hemispherical protrusions 81c are formed. Referring to Fig. 13, hereinafter, the operating principle is explained.
  • the incident angles ⁇ 13, ⁇ 16 of the illumination light 89a passing the right end proximal portion 81e of the protrusions 81c in Fig. 13 and the illumination light 89b passing the left end proximal portion 81f of the protrusions 81c on the surface 81d of the protrusions 81c are as follows. ⁇ 13 ⁇ 90° - ⁇ 15 ⁇ 16 ⁇ 90° - ⁇ 11
  • the illumination lights 89a, 89b entering the protrusions 81c pass between the right end proximal portion 81e and left end proximal portion 81f, and the incident angle to the normal or perpendicular of the surface 81d of the protrusions 81c becomes smaller than the above ⁇ 13, ⁇ 16.
  • the refractive index is about 1.5, and therefore when the incident angle to the light guide plate surface is 48° or more, the illumination light is emitted from the protrusions 81c.
  • the illumination light 69 propagating through the light guide plate 161 may be taken out from the protrusions formed on the light guide plate surface.
  • the shape of the protrusions may be conical, pyramidal, truncated conical or truncated pyramidal as mentioned above. Furthermore, when the sectional shape of the protrusions is nearly semicircular, ellipsoidal, parabolic or arcuate, the light can be taken out. Meanwhile, the shape of the protrusions is not limited to them alone, but the protrusions may be formed in other shapes so far as the light entering the protrusions may not satisfy the conditions of the total reflection.
  • Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining other embodiment of the invention.
  • the light from the external lamps 63a, 63b enters the light guide plate 161, it results in the following relation.
  • the condition for total reflection of the incident light on the surface inside the light guide plate 161 is sin ⁇ c > 1/n
  • the value of ⁇ b to satisfy the relation of formula (26) is ⁇ b ⁇ 45°
  • the refractive index n is n > 1.42 Therefore, when the refractive index n of the light guide plate 161 satisfies formula (28), the collimators 62a, 62b for limiting the incident angle of the incident light to the light guide plate 161 are not necessary.
  • the collimator for limiting the upper limit of the incident angle of the incident light from the lamps 63a, 63b is
  • Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining the other operating principle of the light guide plate 161.
  • the refractive index of the light guide plate 161 is supposed to be n
  • the light is reflected, but the light entering the protrusions 161c is not reflected but is emitted to the side of the liquid crystal display element 72.
  • Fig. 15 (2) shows the operating principle in the case of n1 > n2.
  • the light is totally reflected, but is also emitted to the liquid crystal display element 72 side also from other parts than the protrusions 161c of the lower surface 161c.
  • the light entering the protrusions 161c is totally emitted to the liquid crystal display element 72 side same as in Fig. 15 (1).
  • Fig. 15 (3) shows the operating principle in the case of the refractive index n2 being sufficiently smaller than the refractive index n of the light guide plate 161.
  • the light leaving the protrusions 161c may sometimes enter again the light guide plate 161.
  • the re-entering light is emitted from the upper surface 161a to the upper side, that is, to the observer 70 side.
  • Such upward emission of the light is not so much desired, but it does not matter so far as it does not reach the eye of the observer 70 directly.
  • Fig. 16 is a graph showing the relation between the number of protrusions and quantity of light.
  • the number of protrusions may be properly selected.
  • the quantity of light taken out of the light guide plate may be made uniform.
  • the protrusions are disposed on the light guide plate in other positions than the pixels of the liquid crystal display element 72, for example, above the light shielding membrane between pixels, the display is not affected by the protrusions at all, and a more desired display is obtained.
  • the material for the light guide plate PMMA is used, but other materials, for example, glass, CR-39 resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and polyester may be used as far as the light can be guided uniformly without attenuation and the refractive index is proper.
  • the light leaving the light guide plate 161 is not reflected by the transparent substrate 65a, and runs straight forward until reaching the reflector plate 68.
  • the light reaching the reflection plane 68a of the reflector plate 68 is scattered by the reflection surface 68a, and made uniform, and passes sequentially the adhesive 67b, polarizer 64b, adhesive 67a, transparent substrate 65b, liquid crystal layer 66, transparent substrate 65a, air layer 71b, light guide plate 161, air layer 71a, and polarizer 64a, and reaches the eye of the observer 70 seeing the display surface.
  • a diffusion plate may be disposed between the reflector plate 68 and transparent substrate 65b.
  • the light guide plate 161, collimators 62a, 62b, and lamps 63a, 63b for composing the light source device may be disposed at the front side (the observer 70 side) of the liquid crystal display element 72.
  • the light necessary for display is given to the liquid crystal display element 72 by operating (lighting) the light source, so that a visible display is realized.
  • the light guide plate 161 becomes transparent, and a sufficiently visible display is realized only with external light alone. Thus, by operating the light source device only when necessary, the power consumption may be saved.
  • the light guide plate 161 may be disposed between the polarizer 64a and liquid crystal display element 72, the number of times of passing of the light through the polarizer may be decreased by one, so that a brighter display may be realized as compared with the case of disposing the light guide plate 161 outside of the polarizer 64a.
  • the confronting lamps 63a, 63b are used, but only one lamp may be enough if a sufficient quantity of light may be obtained.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
EP92311028A 1991-12-03 1992-12-03 Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide Expired - Lifetime EP0545705B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31899191 1991-12-03
JP318989/91 1991-12-03
JP31898991 1991-12-03
JP318991/91 1991-12-03
JP3318991A JP3007735B2 (ja) 1991-12-03 1991-12-03 液晶表示装置
JP3318989A JP3015174B2 (ja) 1991-12-03 1991-12-03 液晶表示装置

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EP0545705A1 true EP0545705A1 (fr) 1993-06-09
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EP (1) EP0545705B1 (fr)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5341231A (en) 1994-08-23
DE69232434D1 (de) 2002-04-04
KR930013802A (ko) 1993-07-22
KR970008351B1 (ko) 1997-05-23
DE69232434T2 (de) 2002-10-02
EP0545705B1 (fr) 2002-02-27

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