EP0544615A1 - Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et à recirculation à faible charge - Google Patents

Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et à recirculation à faible charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0544615A1
EP0544615A1 EP92810857A EP92810857A EP0544615A1 EP 0544615 A1 EP0544615 A1 EP 0544615A1 EP 92810857 A EP92810857 A EP 92810857A EP 92810857 A EP92810857 A EP 92810857A EP 0544615 A1 EP0544615 A1 EP 0544615A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separator
valve
water
economizer
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92810857A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0544615B1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Dr. Ruchti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB Management AG
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4257083&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0544615(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by ABB Management AG, Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical ABB Management AG
Publication of EP0544615A1 publication Critical patent/EP0544615A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0544615B1 publication Critical patent/EP0544615B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
    • F22B35/101—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type operating with superimposed recirculation during starting or low load periods, e.g. composite boilers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a once-through steam generator with low-load circulation and the following elements connected in series in the flow of working fluid: feed pump, economizer, evaporator, water separator and at least one superheater, and with a circulation line connected to the water outlet of the separator and a circulation pump between the feed pump and the Economiser.
  • the amount of food supplied to the steam generator is set in the upper load range depending on the steam temperature and in the lower load range depending on the water level in the water separator, either by changing the speed of the feed pump or by adjusting the Flow cross-section of a feed valve.
  • a switchover device was provided in the signal flow behind the steam temperature controller or the water level controller.
  • the measured superheat at the inlet of the first superheater can be used as a criterion for the switchover (CH-PS 673 697).
  • a purely load-dependent switchover criterion is often used, e.g.
  • the invention has for its object to improve an operating method for a once-through steam generator with the elements listed above so that switching in the aforementioned manner is omitted.
  • the amount of food is always set depending on the steam temperature, whereby the economizer must never fall below a fixed, minimum flow.
  • the water level in the water separator is not - as before - influenced by changing the quantity of food, but by the valve located behind the circulation pump in the direction of flow of the working fluid. In this way, the previous switching is avoided without giving up the great advantage of the solution according to CH-PS 673 697 in comparison with even earlier methods, for example according to CH-PS 517 266.
  • An otherwise usual valve arranged in the circulation line between the water separator and the circulation pump and serving the level control in the separator does not have to be throttled because of the level control, so that no vapor bubbles can arise at the mixing point of the circulation water with the feed water. In this way, no cavitation can occur in the circulation pump.
  • the once-through steam generator with low-load circulation has an economizer 1, an evaporator 2, a water separator 3 and a superheater 4, which are connected in series in the direction of the working fluid flow.
  • a feed pump 5 is provided, which is connected to the inlet of the economizer 1 via a feed line 6.
  • a measuring device 7 for the amount of water flowing through the economizer is arranged in the line 6 near the inlet of the economizer 1.
  • the quantity measuring device 7 is connected to a comparison point 9 via a signal line 8 connected, which is also connected via a signal line 16 to the output of a feed control device 11, which is designed as a status controller with an observer and is described in the applicant's patent application No.
  • the feed control device 11 receives a temperature measurement signal which represents the actual value of the steam temperature and is taken off by means of a measuring device 13 at the outlet of the superheater 4. Further superheaters can be provided downstream of the measuring device 13 before the steam is fed to consumers, not shown. The measuring device 13 can also be arranged between the water separator 3 and the superheater 4. Via a signal line 14, the feed control device 11 receives a target value for the steam temperature and via a signal line 15 a signal which represents the minimum amount of working fluid which has to flow through the economizer 1.
  • the minimum quantity signal becomes effective when the quantity of working fluid flowing through the economizer 1 drops to the minimum quantity, which is approximately 30% of the full load, during a load reduction.
  • the comparison point 9 belongs to a controller 17, the output of which is connected via a signal line 18 to the feed pump 5, which forms the actuator of the feed control loop.
  • the controller 17 can e.g. be designed as a PI controller.
  • a circulation line 20 is connected to the water outlet of the water separator 3 and contains a check valve 21 and a shut-off valve 22 one after the other in the flow direction.
  • the line 20 opens at 19 downstream of the feed pump 5 into the feed line 6, which contains a circulation pump 23 and a level control valve 24 downstream of this outlet 19.
  • the the circulation pump 23 and the section 6 'of the feed line 6 containing the level control valve 24 is therefore also flowed through by water from the separator 3 during operation with a wet separator in addition to the feed water.
  • a line 25 with a non-return flap 26 is provided parallel to the line section 6 'and a portion of the quantity of feed conveyed by the feed pump flows through when the steam generator is under high load.
  • an injection water line is designated, which leads in a known, not shown manner to the superheater 4 or to the superheaters, for example.
  • a line 30 with a drain valve 31 which leads to a feed water tank (not shown) of the steam generating system.
  • the line 30 can also lead into the condenser or a special tank of the system.
  • a level control device 33 which, like the feed control device 11, is designed as a state controller with an observer.
  • the level control device 33 receives a measurement signal via a signal line 34, which represents the actual value of the water level in the separator 3.
  • the setpoint for the water level is supplied to the level control device 33 via a signal line 35.
  • the shut-off valve 22 is subject to a control signal which comes from the level control device 33 via a signal line 20 and whose function is described below.
  • the drain valve 31 is subject to a level measurement signal, which is taken from the signal line 34 and passed over a signal line 32 and the function of which is also explained below.
  • Fig. 2a five different water levels are indicated in the water separator 3, namely at 1 m, 3 m, 7.7 m, 10.7 m and 14.2 m.
  • the water level 7.7 m is the target water level for the level control device 33 during normal circulation operation of the steam generator system.
  • the water levels of 1 m and 3 m play a role in the transition from operation with a wet separator to operation with a dry separator and vice versa, while the water levels of 10.7 m and 14.2 m play a role in the first start-up phase of the steam generator.
  • the drain valve 31 opens under the influence of the level measurement signal in the line 32 until it is 100% open at the mark 14.2 m , as shown in Fig.2a in the middle by the line B.
  • the shut-off valve 22 goes from the opening cross section 100% to the closed position 0% and when the water level mark 3 m is reached, it opens from 0% to 100%, as indicated by the two horizontal lines C in Fig. 2a.
  • the valve movements of the level control valve 24 at the water levels 1 m and 3 m are shown on the right in FIG. 2a by the two horizontal lines D, the dashed line showing the influence of the fully automatic control when operating with a wet separator.
  • the feed quantity fed to the forced-flow steam generator is conveyed by the feed pump 5, specifically as a function of the steam temperature, which is measured by means of the measuring device 13.
  • this actual value of the temperature is compared with the setpoint value of the temperature supplied via the signal line 14 compared and processed to an output signal, which is supplied as a setpoint for the flow rate in the economizer 1 via the signal line 16 to the comparison point 9.
  • the measured value for the flow rate is fed as an actual value to the comparison point 9 via the signal line 8.
  • a control signal is then generated in the controller 17 subordinate to the device 11, which adjusts the speed of the feed pump 5 via the signal line 18, namely with increasing steam temperature in the direction of a larger quantity of food and with decreasing steam temperature in the direction of a reduced one Amount of food.
  • superheated steam reaches the separator 3, so that no saturated water is returned to the economizer 1 via the circulation line 20.
  • the separator 3 is in dry operation, ie the water level in the separator is very low and the level control device 33 should actually keep the level control valve 24 in the fully closed position.
  • the circulation pump 23 is always to be flowed through in order to avoid that after a longer standstill of this pump temperature shocks occur in it when it resumes the circulation operation.
  • the level control valve 24 remains fully open in the operating phase described and the circulating pump 23, which is switched off above 50% load, is flowed through by part of the feed quantity conveyed by the feed pump 5, while the remaining feed quantity is fed via line 25 to the economizer 1 flows.
  • An empty running of the separator 3 is prevented by the shut-off valve 22, which is then in the fully closed position, as is the drain valve 31.
  • the transition from dry to wet operation of the separator takes place as follows:
  • the level control valve 24 and the shut-off valve 22 are in the position just described, i.e. they are in the standby position (area E in Fig. 2b) and the water level in the separator 3 is below 3 m.
  • With the decrease in the load of the steam generator saturated steam enters the separator 3.
  • the water level in separator 3 increases (see curve H in Fig. 2b).
  • the opening cross section of the level control valve 24 is reduced to 31% by a first sequence of control commands programmed into the level control device 33 (see area F in FIG. 2b).
  • shut-off valve 22 is moved to the full opening cross section by the control commands (end of area F), whereupon they switch the level control device 33 into automatic control mode (area G in FIG. 2b), ie it adjusts the level control valve 24 so that the setpoint for the water level, which is 7.7 m, is maintained.
  • the level control device 33 reduces the opening cross section of the level control valve 24, so that the circulation quantity in step with the inflow of saturated water into the separator 3 is reduced and the level in the separator remains constant .
  • the circulation volume is therefore automatically reduced to zero.
  • safe forced operation e.g. with a load of 50% of the Full load
  • the operating team switches off the circulation pump 23.
  • the control logic of the control device 33 then closes the shut-off valve 22 and opens the level control valve 24 completely, so that the circulation pump 23 passively receives a small flow that is sufficient for keeping it warm.
  • Fig. 2c forms a safety circuit that grants that steam is never circulated. If violent transients occur, it could happen that the level control device 33 reacts too slowly and that the level in the separator 3 temporarily drops below the mark of 1 m.
  • a second sequence of control commands is programmed into the control device 33. With these control commands, the shut-off valve 22 closes immediately (area I in FIG. 2c). When it is closed, the level control device 33 leaves the automatic control mode and the control commands open the level control valve 24 to the maximum permitted value (area K in FIG. 2c). So the system is ready to automatically take over the automatic control operation if the level in the separator 3 rises again.
  • the level control device 33 can then not regulate satisfactorily.
  • the level control device 33 according to FIG. 3 is modified in that it additionally receives an input signal PE and a pilot signal FF are applied.
  • the lines 25 and 30 and the check valve 21, the shut-off valve 22 and the drain valve 31 with the signal line 29 have been omitted for clarity.
  • the input signal PE is formed from the difference between the pressure PA in the separator 3 and the pressure PS on the delivery side of the feed pump 5.
  • An increase in the delivery pressure PS causes a change in the signal PE in the upstream circuit of the level control device 33, which immediately causes a corresponding increase in the opening cross section of the level control valve 24, even before the level in the separator 3 begins to rise.
  • the pilot signal FF is formed in a function generator 38 and a downstream multiplier 39. As the diagram in the function generator 38 shows, the signal is proportional to the minimum flow rate in the economizer 1 and is weighted in a multiplier 39 with the multiplier L.
  • the multiplier L is selected such that when the minimum flow rate through the economiser 1 increases, the level control valve 24 opens in a controlled manner as far as is required for the steady state with a constant level in the separator 3.
  • the feed control device 11 is also possible to design the feed control device 11 as a classic PID controller with limitation of its output signal and with a PI controller connected in cascade. Analogously, the same for the level control device 33.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP92810857A 1991-11-28 1992-11-05 Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et à recirculation à faible charge Revoked EP0544615B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH348891 1991-11-28
CH3488/91 1991-11-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0544615A1 true EP0544615A1 (fr) 1993-06-02
EP0544615B1 EP0544615B1 (fr) 1996-05-08

Family

ID=4257083

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810857A Revoked EP0544615B1 (fr) 1991-11-28 1992-11-05 Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et à recirculation à faible charge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0544615B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR100249721B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59206231D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0544615T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW212826B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19619836A1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-20 Asea Brown Boveri Einrichtung zur Speisewasser-Vorsteuerung eines Kühllufttemperaturreglers für einen Kühlluftkühler
WO2010114818A3 (fr) * 2009-04-02 2012-07-05 Alstom Technology Ltd Système de démarrage d'un générateur de vapeur actionné par un éjecteur
DE102011006390A1 (de) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers und zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ausgelegter Dampferzeuger
WO2018177738A1 (fr) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Recirculation d'eau dans des générateurs de vapeur verticaux à circulation forcée

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065641A3 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur en flux continu, ainsi que générateur de vapeur en flux à sens unique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE644873A (fr) * 1963-03-25 1964-09-07
DE2149127B1 (de) * 1971-09-24 1972-11-09 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Fuehrungsgroesse fuer die Speiseregelung eines Zwanglaufdampferzeugers
FR2185298A5 (fr) * 1972-05-16 1973-12-28 Sulzer Ag
FR2188790A5 (fr) * 1972-06-12 1974-01-18 Sulzer Ag

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE644873A (fr) * 1963-03-25 1964-09-07
DE2149127B1 (de) * 1971-09-24 1972-11-09 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Fuehrungsgroesse fuer die Speiseregelung eines Zwanglaufdampferzeugers
FR2185298A5 (fr) * 1972-05-16 1973-12-28 Sulzer Ag
FR2188790A5 (fr) * 1972-06-12 1974-01-18 Sulzer Ag

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19619836A1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-20 Asea Brown Boveri Einrichtung zur Speisewasser-Vorsteuerung eines Kühllufttemperaturreglers für einen Kühlluftkühler
DE19619836B4 (de) * 1996-05-17 2005-05-12 Alstom Einrichtung zur Speisewasser-Vorsteuerung eines Kühllufttemperaturreglers für einen Kühlluftkühler
WO2010114818A3 (fr) * 2009-04-02 2012-07-05 Alstom Technology Ltd Système de démarrage d'un générateur de vapeur actionné par un éjecteur
CN102686944A (zh) * 2009-04-02 2012-09-19 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 喷射器驱动的蒸汽发生器启动系统
DE102011006390A1 (de) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers und zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ausgelegter Dampferzeuger
US9194577B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2015-11-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a once-through steam generator and steam generator designed for carrying out the method
WO2018177738A1 (fr) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Recirculation d'eau dans des générateurs de vapeur verticaux à circulation forcée
US11692703B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2023-07-04 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Water feedback in vertical forced-flow steam generators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0544615B1 (fr) 1996-05-08
DK0544615T3 (da) 1996-09-16
KR100249721B1 (ko) 2000-04-01
TW212826B (fr) 1993-09-11
KR930010432A (ko) 1993-06-22
DE59206231D1 (de) 1996-06-13

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