EP0543148B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des changements dans une image vidéo - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des changements dans une image vidéo Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543148B1
EP0543148B1 EP92117686A EP92117686A EP0543148B1 EP 0543148 B1 EP0543148 B1 EP 0543148B1 EP 92117686 A EP92117686 A EP 92117686A EP 92117686 A EP92117686 A EP 92117686A EP 0543148 B1 EP0543148 B1 EP 0543148B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alarm
brightness
sections
change
quotient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117686A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0543148A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Grundig E.M.V. Rumland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
Original Assignee
Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
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Publication of EP0543148A1 publication Critical patent/EP0543148A1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19652—Systems using zones in a single scene defined for different treatment, e.g. outer zone gives pre-alarm, inner zone gives alarm

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting changes in the image content of video images and an arrangement for performing the method.
  • Such methods and arrangements are used in video surveillance systems, which have the task of monitoring a certain area for changes, in particular for movements, and to output an alarm signal in the event of a detected change, false alarms being largely excluded.
  • a system for detecting changes or movements in an area monitored by a television camera is known from the German laid-open specification DE 27 15 083 A1. There, movements or changes in the monitored area are recognized by discrimination of a video signal recorded by a television camera. To avoid false alarms due to general changes in brightness, the television picture obtained is divided into several fields, which are evaluated individually in an alarm device. One of these fields, which can be freely selected in size and position, is intended to suppress an alarm triggering by the evaluation result of one or more of the other fields if a change in brightness occurs in this field. Such a system largely avoids triggering a false alarm, but a false alarm is nevertheless triggered when the brightness changes, which covers almost the entire image area but not the selected field. Furthermore, in the event of an alarm-relevant change, the alarm is suppressed if a change in the selected field is detected at the same time.
  • An image sensor system for the detection of changes is known from the European patent specification EP O 183 106 B1, in which a currently recorded image is compared with a plurality of stored images.
  • the stored images contain normal changes, ie changes in the image content that should not trigger an alarm.
  • This system a large number of changes that are not relevant to the alarm can be saved, thus reducing the likelihood of a false alarm being triggered, but with an increasing number of images to be compared, the processing time or the computing power required for the evaluation system also increases.
  • alarm-relevant changes that are similar to non-alarm-relevant changes are not recognized or that general changes, for example certain changes in the lighting conditions in the monitored area, lead to false alarms if they do not match a stored image.
  • An improvement in the evaluation reliability is achieved by dividing the recorded video image into a large number of fields, it being possible for one field to consist of only one pixel, depending on the complexity.
  • a brightness value is determined integrally in each field and compared with the stored value of a corresponding field from a previous video image. If there is a change that exceeds a certain limit, it is assumed that an alarm-relevant object has entered.
  • This evaluation also requires a limited adjustment to existing or changing lighting conditions given by comparing an integral mean value of video images recorded at a certain time interval and predetermined tolerance limits do not immediately trigger the alarm in the event of minor changes. In the case of rapid changes, for example as a result of passing clouds which cause shadowing, a false alarm is triggered in these known systems.
  • a video intrusion detector is known from the essay "DAVID: ADVANCED DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF VIDEO INTRUSION DETECTION" by E. Kozlow, Proceedings of the 1989 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, October 3, 1989, Zurich, pages 145-147. in which a target area to be monitored is divided into cells and a value for the intensity is formed for each cell. Intruders are recognized due to changes in contrast. Another document for intrusion detection is also specified in this document, in which intruders that only cause a small change in contrast are also detected. For this purpose, contrast differences of temporally successive images or cells are no longer assessed, but the ratio of the intensity in the target area and the average value of the background intensity is formed. The disadvantage of this method is that the ratio of the intensity in the target area to the average intensity in the background of the image can change during the course of the day due to a change in the position of the sun, which triggers false alarms.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a video control system in which there is reliable suppression of false alarms and at the same time reliable detection of alarm-relevant changes.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that, in the case of a currently recorded video image which is divided into a plurality of fields and in which a brightness value is determined integrally for each field, the quotient of this brightness value and the brightness value of the corresponding field from one
  • the quotient is not 1, while the quotient is 1 if there is no change in brightness.
  • the change in brightness is recognized as not relevant to the alarm if the quotients of the individual fields have the same value. If there are additional changes during a large-scale change in brightness due to alarm-relevant movements caused by an object or person entering the monitored area, the quotient in this or these fields differs from the others. So an alarm is triggered.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that an alarm-relevant change in the image content is recognized at all times.
  • the difference between a current and a previous image is usually formed.
  • a bright object then has, for example, a brightness value of 100, a dark object of 10. Due to a general change in the lighting conditions, for example, the brightness value of the bright object falls to 80, and that of the dark object accordingly to 8.
  • the difference is formed, a value of 20 for the light and a value of 2 for the dark object.
  • a difference value for an intruded, alarm-relevant object can be, for example, 10.
  • alarm detection cannot take place without any doubt. Either a false alarm is accepted or the alarm is given interrupted when there is a large change in brightness, in the second case the alarm-relevant change does not lead to the alarm being given.
  • a quotient of 1.25 results for both the light and the dark object, while a quotient which differs from this is obtained for an penetrated object, since an additional factor flows into the quotient formation due to the movement.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from the specification of a limit range for the quotient from the current brightness value of a field and the corresponding brightness value of the field from a previous image. In this case, a change in brightness is only recognized when this limit range is exceeded or undershot. By specifying this limit range, possible false alarms are suppressed by small fluctuations in the image brightness, which do not affect all fields, or by image noise.
  • color information is used to form the quotient. In this way it is achieved that alarm-relevant changes in the image content, which only affect the color, but not the brightness, are recognized.
  • FIG. 1 shows an area to be monitored with buildings 1 and 2 and a vehicle 3.
  • Vehicle 3 is assumed to be moving.
  • the position of the vehicle in the current picture is shown by a dashed line
  • the position in one previous picture is represented by the solid line.
  • Quotient values are entered in the buildings, in the individual parts of the building, and in the vehicle. These values are, for example, 1.0 if the conditions remain the same or 1.4 if there is a general change in brightness between the current image and a previous image.
  • the area in which there is a change due to the movement of the vehicle is shown hatched in the figure. In this area, a deviating quotient of, for example, 1.2 with otherwise constant conditions or 1.6 with a general change in brightness is determined. In both cases there is a quotient that differs from the rest of the picture, which indicates an alarm-relevant change and thus leads to the alarm being triggered.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This arrangement contains a surveillance camera 11, the video signal of which is fed to a functional unit for averaging 12 for the specific fields.
  • the mean values obtained are passed to the functional unit for forming the quotient 15.
  • Corresponding values of a previous image are also given from the memory 13 to the functional unit for forming the quotient 15.
  • the quotients obtained are checked in the evaluation unit 16. The check concerns the comparison of the quotients obtained from the individual fields and recognizes deviations of quotients of one or fewer fields from the general average value which is formed from all fields of an image.
  • a limit value of the deviation from the average value can be taken into account in the comparison, so that an alarm is not triggered when there are slight fluctuations that are not relevant to the alarm.
  • the alarm signaling unit 17 is activated, which emits an acoustic and / or a visual alarm signal.
  • the arrangement also contains a control unit 14, from which the sequence process is controlled. This control unit 14 is coupled to the other functional blocks; the individual connections are not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the memory 13 is advantageously designed in such a way that the mean data of several previous images can be stored in it. In this way it is achieved that there is greater flexibility with regard to the selection of a previous image in the evaluation, in particular the time intervals of the images to be compared can be varied within certain limits.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé pour identifier des modifications du contenu d'images vidéo, selon lequel on subdivise l'image vidéo en une multiplicité de zones, on détermine de façon intégrale la valeur de luminosité pour chaque zone, on compare la valeur de luminosité à la valeur de luminosité de la zone correspondante de l'image vidéo précédente, et en fonction du résultat de la comparaison, on détermine l'existence de modifications dans le contenu de l'image, une alarme étant délivrée lorsqu'une modification apte à déclencher une alarme est identifiée,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - pour identifier des modifications aptes à déclencher une alarme, un quotient est formé à partir de la valeur de luminosité actuelle et de la valeur de luminosité précédente correspondante de chaque zone,
    - une modification de luminosité de surface étendue, qui n'est pas apte à déclencher une alarme, est identifiée lorsque le quotient varie dans la plupart des zones, mais p r e n d la même valeur, et
    - une modification apte à déclencher une alarme est identifiée dans le cas d'une variation de luminosité sur une surface étendue, lorsque dans une ou plusieurs des zones une valeur du quotient, qui diffère par rapport aux autres zones, est déterminée à l'intérieur de la variation de luminosité sur une surface étendue.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    pour les quotients des valeurs de la variation de luminosité de zones correspondantes d'une image précédente et d'une image actuelle, on fixe par avance une gamme limite, lors du dépassement de laquelle une modification du contenu de l'image est identifiée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - dans le cas d'une variation sur une surface étendue, on calcule un quotient moyen,
    - à partir de cette valeur moyenne, on détermine une gamme limite, et
    - on identifie une variation apte à déclencher une alarme lorsque cette gamme limite est dépassée dans une ou plusieurs zones.
  4. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs zones sont réunies pour former une région et, lors de l'identification d'une modification apte à déclencher une alarme dans une région, un signal d'alarme, qui est associé à cette région, est délivré.
  5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'à la place de l'information de luminosité, on détermine des signaux de couleur et on les utilise pour former le quotient.
  6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise en plus de l'information de luminosité, des informations de couleurs pour former le quotient.
  7. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé pour identifier des modifications du contenu d'images vidéo selon lequel on divise l'image vidéo en une multiplicité de zones, selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé par
    - une caméra d'enregistrement (11),
    - une unité fonctionnelle (12) pour former la valeur moyenne de l'information de luminosité ou de couleur dans chacune des zones séparées par division,
    - une mémoire (13) pour la mémorisation de données de valeurs moyennes,
    - une unité fonctionnelle (15) pour former le quotient de valeurs moyennes de zones correspondantes à partir de l'image actuelle et à partir des valeurs moyennes, mémorisées dans la mémoire (13), d'une image précédente,
    - une unité d'exploitation (16) pour évaluer les quotients obtenus, les quotients des différentes zones étant comparés et, dans le cas d'un écart d'une ou plusieurs zones par rapport à la valeur moyenne générale, une modification apte à déclencher une alarme est identifiée,
    - une unité de délivrance d'alarme (17) servant à délivrer un signal d'alarme acoustique et/ou visuel lors de l'identification d'une modification apte à déclencher une alarme, et
    - une unité de commande (14) pour la commande d'exécution.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la mémoire (13) est agencée de telle sorte que les données des valeurs moyennes de plusieurs images peuvent être mémorisées.
EP92117686A 1991-11-21 1992-10-16 Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des changements dans une image vidéo Expired - Lifetime EP0543148B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4138254A DE4138254C1 (fr) 1991-11-21 1991-11-21
DE4138254 1991-11-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0543148A1 EP0543148A1 (fr) 1993-05-26
EP0543148B1 true EP0543148B1 (fr) 1996-03-27

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EP92117686A Expired - Lifetime EP0543148B1 (fr) 1991-11-21 1992-10-16 Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des changements dans une image vidéo

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EP (1) EP0543148B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE136141T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4138254C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4407528C2 (de) * 1994-03-07 1998-04-09 Sq Services Ag Bewegungsmelder und Verfahren zur Bewegungsmeldung
DE19614675C2 (de) * 1995-04-27 1998-05-14 Alfred Frauhammer Gefahrenmeldeanlage mit Videoüberwachung
DE19603766A1 (de) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Christian Gieselmann Verfahren zum Erkennen gerichteter Bewegungen sowie Alarmanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19603935A1 (de) * 1996-02-03 1997-08-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum Erkennen von Änderungen in einem Überwachungsbereich
DE19749136C2 (de) * 1997-11-06 2000-01-27 Geutebrueck Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von Bewegungen
EP0939386A1 (fr) * 1998-02-28 1999-09-01 Siemens Building Technologies AG Dispositif de surveillance d'un espace
DK0939387T3 (da) 1998-02-28 2004-02-02 Siemens Building Tech Ag Indretning til rumovervågning
US7196720B2 (en) * 1998-03-06 2007-03-27 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for powering on an electronic device with a video camera that detects motion
US6801246B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2004-10-05 Thomson Licensing, S.A. Method and apparatus for detecting change in video source material
DE10206871A1 (de) * 2002-02-18 2003-09-04 Vidair Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Testen einer Brandentdeckungseinrichtung
DE10261501A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Mobotix Ag Verfahren zur Datenreduktion
JP3849645B2 (ja) * 2003-01-20 2006-11-22 ソニー株式会社 監視装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2715083C3 (de) * 1977-04-04 1983-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart System zur Diskrimination eines Videosignals
CA1116286A (fr) * 1979-02-20 1982-01-12 Control Data Canada, Ltd. Systeme de surveillance anti-effraction en peripherie
US4679077A (en) * 1984-11-10 1987-07-07 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Visual Image sensor system
DE3842356A1 (de) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-28 Martin Spies System zum feststellen einer bewegung bzw. einer veraenderung im ueberwachungsbereich mehrerer fernsehkameras

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE136141T1 (de) 1996-04-15
EP0543148A1 (fr) 1993-05-26
DE4138254C1 (fr) 1993-06-24
DE59205839D1 (de) 1996-05-02

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