EP0539552A1 - Elektrophoresekammer - Google Patents
ElektrophoresekammerInfo
- Publication number
- EP0539552A1 EP0539552A1 EP19920909831 EP92909831A EP0539552A1 EP 0539552 A1 EP0539552 A1 EP 0539552A1 EP 19920909831 EP19920909831 EP 19920909831 EP 92909831 A EP92909831 A EP 92909831A EP 0539552 A1 EP0539552 A1 EP 0539552A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- electrophoresis chamber
- electrophoresis
- chamber according
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D57/00—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C
- B01D57/02—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
- G01N27/44708—Cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrophoresis chamber of variable size with a modular structure.
- Electrophoresis is a very powerful analytical method for the separation of proteins, but numerous techniques of preparative electrophoresis are also known, but these are mainly used for separations on a scale of milligram amounts of proteins.
- a major problem with scale up is the dissipation of the joule heat generated during the passage of current. There are different ways to derive them.
- a particularly successful technique is the preparative isoelectric focusing in layers of granulated gels, with the help of which proteins in the gram range can be separated with high resolution (Radola, B.J., Methods Enzymol. 1984, 104, 256-275).
- the layer thickness is limited to approx. 1 cm, and the separation distance cannot be extended either, so that the separation volume can only be increased by varying the width of the layer.
- Such an extension of the scale has narrow practical limits.
- an electrophoresis chamber which consists of a large number of coolable, U-shaped elements for receiving a separation medium.
- the elements (1) according to the invention are of U-shaped structure, their inner surfaces (2) forming a chamber (3) for receiving the separation medium.
- Each element contains at least one inlet opening (4a) and one outlet opening (4b) for the coolant.
- the opposite outer side surfaces (5) of the element contain devices for sealing the separation chamber. This can be done, for example, by means of seals inserted into depressions (6), for example made of silicone.
- the elements (1) according to the invention are expediently made of a good heat-conducting material in order to give off the heat generated in the chamber during electrophoresis to the cooling medium. Suitable materials are, for example, metals such as aluminum, copper, iron, brass and other alloys.
- the Elements in these cases must be covered with an electrically non-conductive coating, for example made of a plastic, in order to avoid an electrical short circuit.
- the elements according to the invention are hollow or have suitable coolant channels (7) which connect the inlet and outlet openings (4a) (4b) to one another.
- the element according to the invention contains in the lower region - which forms the bottom of the separation chamber - a device through which an inert gas, e.g. Air, nitrogen, argon can be blown into the separation chamber.
- an inert gas e.g. Air, nitrogen, argon
- the rising gas bubbles ensure good mixing of the electrolyte in the respective element, which on the one hand counteracts a vertical concentration profile and on the other hand results in better heat exchange between the electrolyte and the cooled inner surfaces (2).
- the device consists of a hose inserted into a second recess (8) for the passage of the gas, which has small openings (10) on the upper side of the element (1) in the bottom region (9) for the gas bubbles to exit.
- These openings (10) can be stabilized by small tubes (11) pointing upwards.
- such a device for generating gas bubbles can also be integrated directly into the construction of the element (1), so that, for example, the bottom (9) contains small openings (10) which are connected to a channel through which the gas is introduced .
- the width and height of the separation chamber can be approximately 8 to 13 cm, although lower values can be achieved without problems, with larger values the cooling capacity to be applied is the limiting factor.
- the depth of an element is generally 1 to 2 cm, a lower region being defined by the material thickness of the material used and an upper region competing with the endeavor to give the largest possible number of individual elements to the assembled electrophoresis chamber. integrate.
- the electrophoresis chamber consists of two end pieces (12) for receiving the electrodes (13) and for completing the system.
- a grid-like electrode made of platinized titanium electrodes it has proven to be advantageous to use a grid-like electrode made of platinized titanium electrodes.
- a mesh-like electrode can also be used.
- a "coarse-mesh" mesh (1-3 mm mesh size) made of an inert material (eg plastic) is meandering through a conductive material, preferably a platinum wire. Nets that are braided exclusively from a platinum or platinum-iridium wire are also suitable. Graphite electrodes are also suitable. Platinum-coated titanium nets are preferred for cost reasons.
- the surface of the electrode corresponds approximately to the inner surface (14) of the elements. Due to the high field strength between 50 and 200 volts / cm, and the associated gas development in the electrode space, it is advantageous if the two elements containing the two electrodes have a significantly larger volume than the other elements. This avoids excessive foaming.
- an end piece can contain two grooves into which the electrode is inserted. While the end piece on the surface facing the separation chamber has the same design features as an element, the rear is closed, so that a liquid-tight separation chamber is formed by joining together several elements and two end pieces.
- the outer sides (15) and the lower sides (16) of the elements as well as the end pieces can be devices, e.g. in the form of recesses so that all elements can be fitted in a clamping device.
- Such fine-mesh polyester fabrics can either be placed directly between two segments, or they can be pulled onto frames and inserted into the grooves provided for the segments.
- the polyester fabric can have a pore size of 10 to 100 ⁇ , preferably 60 ⁇ .
- the semi-permeable separating elements must be completely separated from each other after the separation by inserting suitable rubber washers in order to be able to empty the individual segments.
- ultra-thin tissue-supported polyacylamide gels or agarose gels with a thickness of approximately 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mm, which have membrane-like properties.
- Such thin tissue-supported gels can also be placed directly between two elements without further constructional measures being necessary. As a result of the pressure exerted by the outer tensioning device, the gels are fixed between the elements.
- Example 1 shows a preparative isoelectric focusing which uses the apparatus according to the invention.
- the example describes the separation of a protein (approx. 1.4 g) from approx. 200 g of a protein mixture. Legends for the pictures:
- Figure 1 shows a top view of the electrophoresis chamber (A) consisting of several elements (1) and two end pieces (12), which also contain the electrodes (13).
- the tensioning device for holding the elements together as well as the electrical devices are not shown.
- the outlet and inlet openings (4a) (4b) for the cooling medium are shown on the sides.
- the grooves (17) are shown by way of example, into which separating elements (18) can be inserted into the groove (17) after electrophoresis to avoid mass transfer.
- the dividers consist of simple rubber washers
- Figure 2 shows a single element with inlet and outlet openings (4a) (4b).
- the inner surfaces (2) of the sides and the inner surfaces (2) of the bottom area (9) and several elements form the chamber for the electrolyte solution.
- the outer side surfaces (5) contain devices, not shown, for the liquid-tight sealing of two adjacent elements.
- Figure 3 shows a section along the axis AA of Figure 2.
- the coolant channel (7) which connects the inlet and outlet openings (4a) (4b) with each other, is shown as a solid line.
- Figure 4 shows depressions (6) for receiving sealing profiles, for example made of a silicone hose.
- the depression 8 facing the chamber contains a silicone tube which contains tubes (11) with smaller openings (10) in the bottom region (9) of the chamber.
- An inert gas is passed through this hose into the bottom area for mixing the electrolyte solution.
- Figure 5 shows an end piece (12) with a recess (6) for the sealing profile and a groove (17) for the electrodes.
- the depressions (8) are not shown in Figure 5.
- FIGS 6 and 7 show a special embodiment of the electrophoresis chamber. Additional screwable bores (18) for the cooling device are shown, as well as recesses for a tensioning device (19), for mounting rails (20) and membranes for delimiting the individual elements.
- Figure 6 shows a single element
- Figure 7 shows an electrophoresis chamber composed of individual elements.
- Protein from 8 chicken eggs (approx. 350 ml) was diluted with 350 ml demineralized ice water with stirring. After 10 minutes, insoluble material which had precipitated was centrifuged off (4 ° C., 10,000 rpm, 20 minutes). The supernatant (approx. 700 ml) contained approx. 200 g protein.
- Servalyt 5-6 (Serva, Cat. No. 42924) were mixed with demin. Ice water made up to 2000 ml and placed in the electrophoresis chamber according to the invention. The * electrophoresis chamber was operated with 18 individual segments.
- the separating membranes consisted of a 60 ⁇ polyester fabric (PES Monodur 60 W, Verseidag, Kempen) and the anode and cathode membranes were made of Visking dialysis tubing (Serva, Cat. No. 44130).
- the diluted ampholyte solution was introduced into the chamber, which had been pre-cooled to 4 ° C.
- the anode segment was filled with anode solution 3 (Serva, cat. No. 42984) and the cathode segment with an aqueous 5% glycine solution.
- the sample liquid (approx. 700 ml with approx. 200 g protein) was dripped into the second separation segment on the anode side within 30 minutes.
- the voltage was increased every two hours from 500 to 750, 1000 and 1500 V, the temperature being kept below 15 ° C. by cooling the apparatus.
- the focusing was stopped and the fractions with pH values between 5.9 and 6.2 were combined.
- the conalbumin obtained was precipitated with an aqueous, cold-saturated ammonium sulfate solution, suction filtered and against demin. Dialyzed water. After lyophilization, 1.44 g of pure conalbumin were obtained.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4116179 | 1991-05-17 | ||
DE19914116179 DE4116179A1 (de) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-05-17 | Elektrophoresekammer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0539552A1 true EP0539552A1 (de) | 1993-05-05 |
Family
ID=6431882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19920909831 Withdrawn EP0539552A1 (de) | 1991-05-17 | 1992-05-13 | Elektrophoresekammer |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0539552A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE4116179A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992020434A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AUPP576598A0 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 1998-10-01 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Cassette for macromolecule purification |
AUPP790698A0 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-01-28 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of microorganisms |
US7077942B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2006-07-18 | Gradipore Limited | Removal of biological contaminants |
AUPQ691400A0 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2000-05-11 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of micromolecules |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE339122B (de) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-09-27 | Lkb Produkter Ab | |
US4204929A (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1980-05-27 | University Patents, Inc. | Isoelectric focusing method |
DE3736087C2 (de) * | 1987-10-24 | 1997-03-06 | Serva Feinbiochem Gmbh & Co | Gewebe zur Herstellung von Elektrophoresegelen |
US4963236A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-10-16 | Ampholife Technologies | Apparatus and methods for isoelectric focusing |
DE4021728A1 (de) * | 1990-07-07 | 1992-01-09 | Serva Feinbiochem Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung fuer die praeparative elektrophorese |
-
1991
- 1991-05-17 DE DE19914116179 patent/DE4116179A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-05-13 EP EP19920909831 patent/EP0539552A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-05-13 WO PCT/EP1992/001050 patent/WO1992020434A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9220434A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1992020434A1 (de) | 1992-11-26 |
DE4116179A1 (de) | 1992-11-19 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930213 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU MC NL SE |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SERVA FEINBIOCHEMICA GMBH & CO. |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: LORENZ, HERBERT Inventor name: DEMHARTER, MANFRED |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950530 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19951010 |