EP0536268B1 - Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0536268B1
EP0536268B1 EP19910912557 EP91912557A EP0536268B1 EP 0536268 B1 EP0536268 B1 EP 0536268B1 EP 19910912557 EP19910912557 EP 19910912557 EP 91912557 A EP91912557 A EP 91912557A EP 0536268 B1 EP0536268 B1 EP 0536268B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotary kiln
waste material
slag
products
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910912557
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0536268A1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Binner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volund Miljoteknik AS
Original Assignee
Volund Miljoteknik AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volund Miljoteknik AS filed Critical Volund Miljoteknik AS
Priority to AT91912557T priority Critical patent/ATE100559T1/de
Publication of EP0536268A1 publication Critical patent/EP0536268A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0536268B1 publication Critical patent/EP0536268B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1.
  • US-A-3808 989 describes a method of incinerating solid and possibly liquid waste material in a plant, in which a rotary kiln is being used, said kiln being situated downstream from an incinerating section with stepped grates, the solid waste material being partially combusted on the stepped grates and delivered to the rotary kiln and any liquid waste material being added to the waste material being combusted on the stepped grates.
  • the waste material comprises household refuse and partly dewatered sewage sludge and it is for the ability of the plant to combust sewage sludge clumps essential that solid bodies like stone, glass etc.
  • the temperature of combustion is held below 1100°C, e.g. at approximately 875°C, in order to avoid the formation of liquid slag at the side walls of the grate section and in the rotary kiln, this slag having a tendency to solidify at the sides of the furnace and obstruct the exit end of the rotary kiln.
  • boiler ash is obtained from the boiler assembly, e.g. being of the impact-descaling type, and fly ash from an electrical filter.
  • flue-gas cleaning is performed by adding e.g. lime, after which the flue gas passes through a filter or a flue-gas washing arrangement, in which a residual product is separated out.
  • This incineration of waste material can be carried out in a plant, in which types of waste material being fed in, possibly through a number of feeding arrangements, are dried, ignited, and combusted.
  • the solid waste material is burnt to form a not completely burnt-out slag, the latter being plunged into a rotary kiln in direct-line communication with the grate section, in which rotary kiln this slag mixture and the separately fed residual products from the flue-gas cleaning arrangement etc. are fused together so as to form a glass-like mass.
  • the rotation of the rotary kiln enhances the burning-out and fusing of the mass to form a homogenous substance.
  • the embodiment set forth in claim 5 makes it possible, if necessary, to ensure maintaining such a high temperature, that the slag does not solidify in the rotary kiln. This causes temperature variations due to variations in the calorific value of the waste material to be reduced, and a continuous supply of molten material is ensured.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for use in carrying out the method, said apparatus being of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 6.
  • the apparatus is constructed in the manner set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 6.
  • the advantage is achieved that the least possible amount of air is added, at the same time as the oxygen supplied to the combustion process is utilized to a maximum extent.
  • the atmosphere produced in this manner partly having reducing properties, lowers the melting point for various indifferent materials without the need of adding reducing agents.
  • the plant shown in Figure 2 consist of a grate section 1, a rotary kiln 2, a burner assembly 3, a residual-product silo 4, an after-burning chamber 5, a boiler assembly 6, and a residual-product conveyor 7.
  • Waste material 21 to be burnt mainly consisting of household refuse, bark, industrial waste, hospital refuse, and in part chemical waste material in a relatively inhomogenous mixture, is supplied to the plant through a hopper 20 and a feed chute 8 shown to the left in Figure 2.
  • the material having been fed in is distributed on grates 9, 10 and 11, these grates also receiving any liquid waste material, and air 31 for combustion is supplied from below.
  • Grate screenings i.e. small pieces of waste material, possibly containing unburnt material and having fallen through the grates 9, 10 and 11, are conveyed to the residual-products silo 4 by a belt conveyor 17 and the conveyor 7.
  • the incompletely burnt slag formed during the burning in the grate section is discharged in a manner known per se into the rotary kiln 2.
  • the residual products collected in the intermediate silo 4 are fed in through a dosing worm conveyor 13, and the residual products are mixed with each other and burned-out forming a melting mass in the rotary kiln 2.
  • the rotary kiln 2 may have conically converging ends, thus ensuring that the liquid slag is retained.
  • the burner assembly 3 is placed, preferably in the form of an oxygen/gas-burner system, adapted to provide continous temperature control at the slag outlet.
  • the slag is removed from the slag outlet 15 by means of a belt conveyor 22.
  • the flue gases are conducted from the rotary kiln 2 through the after-burning chamber 5 to the boiler assembly 6.
  • boiler ash 28 is separated out in a tail-end boiler (impact descaling boiler), and fly ash 29 is separated out by means of an electrical filter 23.
  • the boiler ash 28 and the fly ash 29 are conveyed to the residual-products silo 4 by means of a belt conveyor 18 and the conveyor 7.
  • the flue gases pass into the reactor 24 in a flue-gas cleaning plant, in which lime 25 is added.
  • the reaction products from this plant are conveyed to a filter 26, in which a residual product 30 is separated out.
  • This residual product 30 is conveyed by belt conveyors 19 and 32 to the conveyor 7 and further to the residual-products silo 4, whilst the flue gases, from which the residual product 30 has been removed, are discharged through a chimney 27.
  • the main principle of the invention consists in that combustion slag and residual products, such as grate screenings and reaction products, are melted together in a process step without intermediate cooling, i.e. the energy once having been produced in the slag is utilized for the melting process.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

On incinère les déchets solides et éventuellement liquides par a) la combustion partielle des déchets solides sur des grilles échelonnées (9, 10, 11) et leur introduction dans un fourneau rotatif (2) dans lequel règne une température suffisamment élevée pour assurer la formation d'une crasse liquide à l'entrée dudit fourneau; b) l'addition éventuelle de déchets liquides aux déchets solides incinérés sur lesdites grilles (9, 10, 11); et c) l'évacuation des cendres produites pendant le processus de combustion, par exemple les matières retenues par la grille, les cendres de la combustion, les cendres volantes et les produits restants après l'épuration des gaz brûlés, et leur réintroduction dans l'extrémité d'entrée (12) du fourneau rotatif (2), où l'on introduit ces produits dans la crasse liquide. Ainsi, la crasse, les cendres volantes et les autres produits résiduels nocifs engendrés par le processus de combustion fondent ensemble pour former une masse vitreuse dont on ne peut pas lixivier les sels et les métaux lourds.

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour l'incinération de déchets solides et éventuellement liquides dans une usine, dans lequel un four rotatif (2) est utilisé, ledit four étant situé en aval d'un espace d'incinération (1) avec des grilles (9, 10, 11) en gradins, les déchets solides étant partiellement brûlés sur les grilles (9, 10, 11) en gradins et acheminés jusqu'au four rotatif, tous les déchets liquides
       ajoutés aux déchets étant brûlés sur les grilles (9, 10, 11) en gradins, caractérisé en ce que
    a) les déchets partiellement brûlés sont acheminés jusqu'au four rotatif (2) à une température élevée telle que la combustion dans le four rotatif produit des scories liquides, et
    b) les résidus de la combustion, tels que les dechets passés à travers les grilles etc., sont recueillis et renvoyés à l'extrémité (12) d'entrée du four rotatif (2), où ces produits sont introduits et fondus avec les scories liquides.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les scories sont chauffées à une température proche de leur point de fusion dans l'espace (1) d'incinération à grilles, à des températures au moins égales à environ 1 100°C.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la température dans l'espace (1) d'incinération à grilles est commandée en ouvrant et en fermant un registre (14) dans un conduit de dérivation entre l'espace (1) d'incinération à grilles et le conduit (5) de gaz de combustion.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les déchets acheminés jusque dans l'espace (1) de grilles pour y être brûlés servent de source d'énergie pour la fusion.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité (15) de sortie du four rotatif (2) est alimentée en chaleur à partir d'un brûleur (3).
  6. Dispositif destiné à mettre en oeuvre un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 et étant du type comportant
    a) un espace (1) constitué par des grilles,
    b) un four rotatif (2),
    lesdits deux éléments étant disposés dans des positions successives dans le sens de déplacement des déchets, caractérisé par un système d'alimentation (13) conçu pour doser d'une manière continue des résidus recueillis à partir de l'usine d'incinération, à l'extrémité (12) d'entrée du four rotatif (2) afin de provoquer la fusion de ces substances avec les scories liquides formant un produit analogue à un verre qui est déchargé à l'extrémité (15) de sortie du four rotatif (2).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par un brûleur (3), de préférence sous la forme d'un système de brûleur à oxygène/gaz, situé à l'extrémité (15) de sortie du four rotatif.
  8. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé par un récipient collecteur (4) situé en amont du système d'alimentation (13).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le four rotatif, conçu pour tourner autour d'un axe incliné vers le bas, comporte à ses extrémités des parties convergentes ou resserrées d'une manière conique.
EP19910912557 1990-07-03 1991-06-21 Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides Expired - Lifetime EP0536268B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91912557T ATE100559T1 (de) 1990-07-03 1991-06-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von feststoffabfaellen und moeglicherweise fluessigen abfaellen verschiedener art.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK1600/90 1990-07-03
DK160090A DK168245B1 (da) 1990-07-03 1990-07-03 Fremgangsmåde og anlæg til forbrænding af fast og eventuelt flydende affald af forskellig art

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0536268A1 EP0536268A1 (fr) 1993-04-14
EP0536268B1 true EP0536268B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=8106425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910912557 Expired - Lifetime EP0536268B1 (fr) 1990-07-03 1991-06-21 Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0536268B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06506758A (fr)
AU (1) AU8188591A (fr)
CA (1) CA2086525A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69101064T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK168245B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2103633B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2090803C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992001197A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007036914A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund Aps Chaudiere produisant de la vapeur a partir de gaz de combustion, a haut rendement energetique et qualite amelioree de production de scories
CN101310147B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2011-08-31 巴威福龙股份公司 在优化条件下由废气生产蒸汽的锅炉

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6199492B1 (en) * 1992-02-26 2001-03-13 KüNSTLER JOHANN HANS Process for melting down combustion residues into slag
ATE173332T1 (de) * 1992-02-26 1998-11-15 Hans Kuenstler Verfahren zum einschmelzen von verbrennungsrückständen in schlacke
FR2693536B1 (fr) * 1992-07-07 1994-09-30 Trepaud Sa Installation d'incinération de déchets.
FR2717249B1 (fr) * 1994-03-14 1996-06-28 Speic Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées issues d'un incinérateur à fusion et vitrification des déchets.
JPH11502603A (ja) * 1995-03-30 1999-03-02 コッホ，テオドール 焼却装置
AT411705B (de) * 2001-06-01 2004-04-26 Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse
DE10213788B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2007-04-26 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften von Verbrennungsrückständen aus einer Verbrennungsanlage
EP1985687A1 (fr) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-29 Energy Biosystem Srl Procédé et installation de production d'énergie thermique utilisant de la glycérine brute comme carburant dans une chaudière

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2200756A1 (de) * 1972-01-07 1973-07-12 Koppers Wistra Ofenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum gemeinsamen verbrennen von muell und klaerschlamm und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
CH622082A5 (fr) * 1977-04-06 1981-03-13 Von Roll Ag
JPS5492847A (en) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-23 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Interwoven slide fastener
US4299611A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-11-10 Penberthy Harvey Larry Method and apparatus for converting hazardous material to a relatively harmless condition
DK154452C (da) * 1981-06-19 1989-04-10 Voelund Miljoeteknik Anlaeg til forbraending af fast og flydende affald af vilkaarlig art
EP0330872A3 (fr) * 1988-03-02 1990-09-12 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Procédé d'agglomération continue de métaux lourds contenus dans les cendres d'un incinérateur
WO1990002910A1 (fr) * 1988-09-14 1990-03-22 Kent John M Procede et appareil d'utilisation de dechets dangereux pour en faire un agregat non dangereux

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007036914A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund Aps Chaudiere produisant de la vapeur a partir de gaz de combustion, a haut rendement energetique et qualite amelioree de production de scories
CN101310147B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2011-08-31 巴威福龙股份公司 在优化条件下由废气生产蒸汽的锅炉
CN101287950B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2012-09-26 巴威福龙股份公司 具有高电力效率和改善的废渣质量的由废气生产蒸汽的锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2103633A1 (es) 1997-09-16
RU2090803C1 (ru) 1997-09-20
EP0536268A1 (fr) 1993-04-14
JPH06506758A (ja) 1994-07-28
DE69101064D1 (de) 1994-03-03
DE69101064T2 (de) 1994-05-19
DK160090D0 (da) 1990-07-03
DK168245B1 (da) 1994-02-28
AU8188591A (en) 1992-02-04
CA2086525A1 (fr) 1992-01-04
ES2103633B1 (es) 1998-07-01
DK160090A (da) 1992-01-04
WO1992001197A1 (fr) 1992-01-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5123364A (en) Method and apparatus for co-processing hazardous wastes
PL167590B1 (pl) Urzadzenie do termicznej obróbki odpadków i sposób termicznej obróbki odpadków PL PL PL PL PL PL
EP0536268B1 (fr) Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides
USRE34298E (en) Method for waste disposal
JPH06241424A (ja) 固体廃棄物の焼却方法
US1973697A (en) High temperature incinerator furnace
US5385104A (en) Method and apparatus for incinerating different kinds of solid and possibly liquid waste material
US4280417A (en) Incineration plant
EP0862019B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique des cendres volantes des incinérateurs à grille
US5154128A (en) Process for salvaging waste and device for preparing said waste
CN219083110U (zh) 工业废物焚烧装置
JP3623751B2 (ja) 灰溶融装置を備えた竪型ごみ焼却施設とその運転方法
JPH11190510A (ja) 焼却炉内でごみを焼却するための、及びごみ焼却により生じるスラグを処理するための方法
RU2258179C2 (ru) Способ воздействия на свойства остатков от сжигания из сжигательной установки
DE4119742C2 (de) Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen sowie Vorichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
JP2006052931A (ja) 塵芥と汚泥とを合わせて処理する廃棄物処理炉および廃棄物処理装置
JPS6170314A (ja) 旋回流式燃焼溶融炉を用いた汚泥処理装置
KR100231866B1 (ko) 건류식 소각로
RU2133408C1 (ru) Способ сжигания городских отходов и применение образующейся при сжигании золы
JPS6370014A (ja) サイクロン型下水汚泥焼却溶融炉
KR100535196B1 (ko) 화격자소각로로부터의플라이더스트를열적처리하기위한방법및장치
JPS6252315A (ja) 燃焼不適分別ごみの焼却処理方法
JPH01184314A (ja) 廃棄物溶融炉
JPH11502603A (ja) 焼却装置
JP3891754B2 (ja) 廃プラスチック類の微粉細燃焼を利用したごみ焼却灰の熔融システム

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19921209

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE DK FR GB IT NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930504

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE DK FR GB IT NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Effective date: 19940119

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 100559

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19940215

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: ING. A. GIAMBROCONO & C. S.R.L.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69101064

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940303

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 91912557.5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990607

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990616

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990618

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19990630

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000622

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20000629

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20000719

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010101

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 91912557.5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20010101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010403

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010621

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010621

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20010621

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050621