EP0535763B1 - Elément d'alimentation de puissance - Google Patents

Elément d'alimentation de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0535763B1
EP0535763B1 EP92250211A EP92250211A EP0535763B1 EP 0535763 B1 EP0535763 B1 EP 0535763B1 EP 92250211 A EP92250211 A EP 92250211A EP 92250211 A EP92250211 A EP 92250211A EP 0535763 B1 EP0535763 B1 EP 0535763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
transformer
supply unit
current
unit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92250211A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0535763A2 (fr
EP0535763A3 (en
Inventor
Helfried Schurz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0535763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0535763A2/fr
Publication of EP0535763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0535763A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0535763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0535763B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/126—Constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/12—Visible signals
    • B61L5/18—Light signals; Mechanisms associated therewith, e.g. blinders
    • B61L5/1809—Daylight signals
    • B61L5/1881—Wiring diagrams for power supply, control or testing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power supply unit for data processing systems, in particular evaluation and coding circuits of punctiform train control devices
  • the signal term indicated on the light signal is transmitted in coded form to the receiving coil of passing rail vehicles via a fixed track coupling coil.
  • the information about the type of signal term displayed is taken from evaluation and coding circuits that are either remotely powered or supplied with energy induced by the passing vehicle when the power consumption is low.
  • a device for monitoring light signals which is supplied with energy from the respective light signal circuit.
  • the primary winding of a current transformer is connected to the signal circuit, which feeds on the secondary side to an energy storage device via a rectifier arrangement.
  • the DC voltage present at the energy storage device is converted into an AC voltage, the frequency of which corresponds to the respective DC voltage level.
  • a monitoring device evaluates the AC voltage with regard to its frequency and thus determines whether the signal current flowing via the signal lamp to be monitored is inside or outside Threshold lies.
  • a decoupling device ensures that the DC voltage applied to the energy storage device cannot be discharged through resistors.
  • the additionally connected circuits When realizing such a power supply unit, care must be taken to ensure that the additionally connected circuits are decoupled well from the signal circuits. Furthermore, the effects of the additionally connected circuits on the signal circuits (deformation of the signal current) should be as small as possible and largely independent of their power consumption and the size of the signal current. In addition, a uniform supply of the additionally connected circuits is necessary both with different values of the signal current (day / night switching) as well as with clocked current (flashing signal term). In addition, the supply voltages to be provided must meet certain quality requirements because they are used to operate data processing systems. The voltage level is therefore closely tolerated (approx. ⁇ 5%).
  • a transformer operating according to the current transformer principle is inserted into the signal circuit.
  • An alternating current flowing in the signal circuit creates an alternating voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer, which charges an energy storage device to a constant intermediate voltage via a rectifier arrangement and a decoupling device. From this intermediate voltage, the tightly tolerated and galvanically isolated supply voltages for operating the data-processing evaluation and coding circuits are obtained via a voltage converter device.
  • the intermediate voltage is kept constant within predetermined limits by means of an adjustable rectifier arrangement.
  • the rectifier arrangement is short-circuited at its output connections whenever the intermediate voltage exceeds a predetermined upper limit value - because the current supplied by the transformer and predetermined by the signal circuit is generally greater than that drawn by the consumers. All of the electricity offered by the transformer can now flow freely. If this current flow were to be impeded, there would be saturation phenomena in the current transformer with undesired deformations of the signal current. As long as the output connections of the rectifier arrangement are short-circuited the decoupling device separates the subsequent part of the power supply device from the energy source and the intermediate voltage gradually decreases during this time.
  • the rectifier arrangement is switched to the subsequent part of the power supply device again.
  • the output connections of the controllable rectifier arrangement are no longer short-circuited and the energy storage device is recharged.
  • the frequency of short-circuiting the output connections of the rectifier arrangement is determined by the limit values of the intermediate voltage, by the time constant of the load and by the current supply of the signal circuit.
  • the voltage drop occurring at the primary winding of the decoupling transformer is essentially determined by the resistance of the consumer on the output side and not by additional losses caused by a high-performance parallel regulator. Furthermore, the voltage drop does not also increase with increasing signal current, but remains constant or decreases slightly, depending on the losses occurring in the decoupling transformer. This important property ensures constant conditions in the signal circuit even with different currents (day / night switching).
  • the rectifier arrangement of the power supply unit according to the invention is preferably designed as a full-wave rectifier circuit. It is then particularly advantageous to choose a rectifier bridge (claim 4) instead of a center connection of rectifier diodes. Compared to the center circuit, on the one hand only half the transformer voltage is required, on the other hand the maximum reverse voltage at a rectifier diode is only half as large as with a center circuit.
  • the power supply unit can have voltage-limiting circuits (claims 7 to 9).
  • the secondary AC voltage occurring at the transformer is limited by series-connected zener diodes arranged parallel to the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the voltage limiter circuits arranged in the power supply units respond to open outputs or defective rectifier arrangements.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a signal circuit, in which a feed transformer 2 is connected with its secondary winding 22 provided with taps.
  • the feed transformer 2 lies here with the connections of its primary winding 21 on an AC network of the signal box.
  • a signal lamp 3 located on the line, a variable series resistor 4 for fine adjustment of the lamp current and a current monitoring relay 5 are also connected in series.
  • the transformer 6 is connected with its primary winding 61 in series with the other components arranged in the signal circuit 1.
  • the transformer 6 is followed by a rectifier arrangement 7 with a subsequent control device 8, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 as a rectifier bridge is executed.
  • the control device 8 essentially consists of a control element 81 and a switching element 82.
  • the control device shown in FIG. 1 is a two-point controller, in which a power field-effect transistor can be provided as the switching element 82 (FIG. 5).
  • an operational amplifier is provided as the control element 81, which switches the power field-effect transistor 82 via a driver circuit 83.
  • the rectifier bridge 7 is connected with its input connections to the connection terminals of the secondary winding 62 of the transformer 6. Furthermore, the rectifier bridge 7 is connected via its output connections to inputs of a voltage converter device 9. The voltage converter device 9 is finally led with its outputs to a data processing evaluation and coding circuit 10.
  • a decoupling diode 11 is connected to the output of the rectifier bridge 7. Furthermore, an energy storage device 12 is arranged parallel to the rectifier bridge 7 and to the voltage converter device 9, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 consists of two storage capacitors.
  • An alternating current (signal current I S ) flowing in the signal circuit 1 produces an alternating voltage on the secondary winding 62 of the transformer 6, which charges the storage capacitors 12 to a constant intermediate voltage U Z via the rectifier bridge 7 and the decoupling diode 11. From this intermediate voltage U Z , the narrow-tolerance and galvanically separated supply voltages for operating the data-processing evaluation and coding circuit 10 are obtained via the voltage converter device 9.
  • the intermediate voltage U Z kept constant within specified limits. Whenever the intermediate voltage U Z exceeds a predetermined upper limit value because the current supplied by the transmitter 6 and predetermined by the signal circuit 1 is generally greater than that drawn by the evaluation and coding circuit 10, the switching element 82 closes the rectifier bridge 7 on it Output connections short. The entire current offered by the transformer 6 can now continue to flow unhindered. If one were to hinder this current flow, there would be saturation phenomena in the current transformer (in the converter 6) with undesired deformations of the signal current I S. As long as the switching element 82 is closed, the decoupling diode 11 separates the subsequent part of the power supply device from the energy source, the intermediate voltage U Z gradually drops during this time.
  • the decoupling diode 11 prevents the storage capacitors 12 from discharging via the closed switching element 82. If the intermediate voltage U Z falls below a predetermined lower limit value, the control element 81 of the control device 8 opens the switching element 82 and the storage capacitors 12 are recharged.
  • the frequency of switching is determined by the distance between the specified upper and lower limits of the intermediate voltage U Z , by the time constant of the load and by the current supply from the current source.
  • the control device 8 can be designed as a generally customary parallel controller or as a periodically short-circuiting two-point controller.
  • the current is controlled by a regulating device through a load resistor arranged in parallel in front of the voltage converters on the output side in such a way that the intermediate voltage U Z remains constant.
  • the excess power is used uselessly.
  • the control device 8 can advantageously be designed as a periodically short-circuiting two-point controller.
  • the load circuit of the parallel regulator is then replaced by a low-loss, periodically closing switching element 82 (e.g. transistor, preferably a power field-effect transistor), the pulse duty factor of which is controlled by a control element 81 so that the intermediate voltage U Z remains constant.
  • the two-point controller 8 therefore alternately loads or short-circuits the transformer 6 with the input resistance of the consumer. Compared to a parallel controller, this two-point controller offers two major advantages. On the one hand, the voltage drop U 1 occurring at the primary winding 61 of the decoupling transformer 6 is essentially determined by the resistance of the consumer on the output side and not by additional losses caused by a high-performance parallel regulator.
  • the voltage drop U 1 does not also increase with increasing signal current I S , but remains constant or decreases slightly - depending on the losses occurring in the transformer 6. This important property ensures constant conditions in the signal circuit 1 even with different currents (day / night switching).
  • a measured voltage curve U 1 f (I S ) is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the operating points at night current (N) or at day current (T) are denoted by N or T.
  • the voltage converter device 9 is designed for an input voltage U E of 14 to 25 V, so that constant output voltages can be provided even with a flashing signal term and consequently intermittent signal current I S.
  • the prerequisite for this is that the storage capacitors 12 have a sufficiently large capacitance.
  • the two-point controller 8 comprises an operational amplifier 81 which acts as a comparator and which switches the power field-effect transistor 82 via a driver circuit.
  • the frequency and duration of the switch-on is determined by the position of the switching thresholds (comparator hysteresis), the time constant of the load and the current supply of the power source.
  • the power supply units according to FIGS. 1 and 5 are also protected against harmful overvoltages by voltage-limiting circuits.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 14 connected in parallel to the storage capacitors 12 and the voltage converter device 9 is provided.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 14 comprises a transistor 141, the collector of which is connected via a resistor 142 to the “+” connection of the storage capacitors 12.
  • the emitter of transistor 141 is connected to the "-" terminal of the storage capacitors 12.
  • the transistor 141 is controlled via a zener diode 143 and the tap of a voltage divider 144 connected in series therewith.
  • the same transformer 6 as for the energy coupling can be used for the information coupling not explained here, if an additional coupling winding is applied for this.
  • Another possibility of coupling out information is to insert a low-resistance measuring resistor (for example 1 ohm) into the “-” line of the rectifier bridge 7 in order to be able to tap a voltage drop that is proportional to the current.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Unité d'alimentation en courant pour installations de traitement de données, l'unité présentant les particularités suivantes :
    a) au moins un circuit électrique de signaux (1), dans lequel sont montés en série au moins un enroulement secondaire (22) d'un transformateur d'alimentation (2) alimenté en tension par un circuit à courant alternatif, et une lampe de signalisation (3),
    b) pour la sortie de l'énergie provenant du circuit électrique de signaux (1), un transformateur (6), fonctionnant selon le principe d'un transformateur de courant, est relié par son enroulement primaire au circuit électrique de signaux (1),
    c) on prévoit, en aval du transformateur (6), un montage redresseur (7), qui redresse la tension alternative (U2), présente sur l'enroulement secondaire (62) du transformateur (6), de telle manière qu'une tension intermédiaire (UZ) constante soit appliquée à un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie (12) disposé en paralléle avec le montage redresseur,
    d) un dispositif transformateur de tension (9) est branché par ses entrées en paralléle avec le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie, et
    e) un dispositif de découplage (11) est branché entre les bornes de sortie du montage redresseur (7) et le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie (12),
    caractérisée par le fait que
    f) dans le circuit électrique de signaux (1), un élément de contrôle (5) du courant est monté en série avec l'enroulement secondaire (22) et la lampe de signalisation (3), que
    g) le dispositif transformateur de tension (9) est réalisé en tant que dispositif transformateur à tension continue, et que
    h) le montage redresseur (7) peut être réglé au moyen d'un dispositif régulateur (8), le dispositif régulateur (8) comprenant un organe de régulation (81), monté en paralléle avec le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie, ainsi qu'un élément d'interruption (82), branché par cet organe et monté en paralléle avec les bornes de sortie du montage redresseur (7), le montage redresseur (7) pouvant être court-circuité par ses bornes de sortie par cet élément d'interruption, et que le dispositif régulateur (8) est réalisé sous la forme d'un régulateur par tout ou rien.
  2. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait qu'on prévoit, comme élément de commutation, un transistor à effet de champ de puissance (82).
  3. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon les revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisée par le fait qu'on prévoit, comme organe de régulation du régulateur (8) par tout ou rien, un amplificateur opérationnel (81) fonctionnant en tant que comparateur, qui commande, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit d'attaque (83) le transistor à effet de champ de puissance (82).
  4. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait que le montage redresseur comprend un redresseur en pont (7), qui est relié, par ses bornes d'entrée, aux bornes de connexion de l'enroulement secondaire (62) du transformateur (6).
  5. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif de découplage comprend au moins une diode de découplage (11), qui est disposée en série avec au moins l'une des bornes de sortie du montage redresseur (7).
  6. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait qu'on prévoit, comme dispositif accumulateur d'énergie, au moins un condensateur accumulateur (12), qui est monté en paralléle avec le montage redresseur (7) et avec le dispositif transformateur de tension (9).
  7. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait qu'on prévoit, pour la limitation de la tension, au moins deux diodes Zener (13), montées en série et disposées en paralléle avec l'enroulement secondaire (62) du transformateur (6).
  8. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait qu'on prévoit, entre le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie (12) et le dispositif transformateur de tension (9), un circuit limiteur de tension (14) monté en paralléle avec ceux-ci.
  9. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisée par le fait que le circuit limiteur de tension (14) comprend un transistor (141), dont le collecteur est relié, par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance (142), à une entrée de l'installation (10) de traitement de données, tandis que son émetteur est relié à l'autre entrée de celle-ci, et que la commande du transistor (141) est effectuée par l'intermédiaire d'une diode Zener (143) et la prise d'un diviseur de tension (144), monté en série avec cette dernière.
  10. Unité d'alimentation en courant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée par le fait que l'enroulement secondaire (22) du transformateur d'alimentation (2) est muni de prises permettant l'adaptation de la tension alternative, qui y est présente, à diverses distances de commande.
EP92250211A 1991-09-30 1992-08-11 Elément d'alimentation de puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0535763B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4133090A DE4133090A1 (de) 1991-09-30 1991-09-30 Stromversorgungseinheit
DE4133090 1991-09-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0535763A2 EP0535763A2 (fr) 1993-04-07
EP0535763A3 EP0535763A3 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0535763B1 true EP0535763B1 (fr) 1997-06-25

Family

ID=6442131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92250211A Expired - Lifetime EP0535763B1 (fr) 1991-09-30 1992-08-11 Elément d'alimentation de puissance

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0535763B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE154788T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4133090A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0535763T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2104818T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3024549T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19821141A1 (de) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-18 Alcatel Sa Vorrichtung zur Stromversorgung eines im Betrieb einer Weiche angeordneten elektrischen Verbrauchers und Diagnoseeinrichtung für eine Weiche
AT406856B (de) * 1998-05-20 2000-10-25 Vae Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur überwachung von betriebskenndaten von eisenbahntechnischen sicherheitsmeldeanlagen
FR3002810B1 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2017-02-24 Inst Francais Des Sciences Et Tech Des Transp De L'amenagement Et Des Reseaux Generateur d'energie electrique, alimentation electrique, capteur comportant une telle alimentation electrique

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1755987A1 (de) * 1968-07-19 1971-12-30 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer ein ferngesteuertes und fernueberwachtes Lichtsignal mit oertlicher Spannungsversorgung
FR2389140A1 (fr) * 1977-04-29 1978-11-24 Robert Jean Dispositif pour controler en permanence le bon fonctionnement d'un circuit electrique
DE4038267A1 (de) * 1989-12-04 1991-06-06 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur punktweisen daten- und energieuebertragung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE154788T1 (de) 1997-07-15
GR3024549T3 (en) 1997-12-31
EP0535763A2 (fr) 1993-04-07
ES2104818T3 (es) 1997-10-16
DE4133090A1 (de) 1993-04-01
DK0535763T3 (da) 1998-02-02
DE59208644D1 (de) 1997-07-31
EP0535763A3 (en) 1995-04-05

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