EP0528136A1 - Method and apparatus for dyeing textile materials - Google Patents

Abstract

What is to be provided is a method for the dyeing of textiles, in which the textiles to be dyed are loaded with a dye liquor containing the dye in highly diluted form, there being provided a plurality of dye magazines (dye containers) which are separated from one another and which are arranged in a region above a dyeing chamber receiving the textiles to be treated, a plurality of textile pieces being treated simultaneously in the dyeing chamber, in the bottom region of which there are feedlines for vapour and for the dye liquor which are equipped with upwardly directed feed holes, by means of which method it is possible to apply to different textiles dye coatings which are graphically designed within wide ranges and, if appropriate, differ sharply from one another, whilst, despite this graphic design, a uniform dye impregnation of the textiles to be treated is to be achieved. For this purpose, according to the invention, the dye liquor is guided through the textiles from the bottom upwards with increased pressure by the use of pressurised transport media.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for dyeing textiles, in which the textiles to be dyed are acted upon by a dye liquor containing the paint in a highly diluted form, with several separate color magazines (paint containers) being provided, which in an area above one arranged dyeing chamber to be treated textiles, wherein several pieces of textile are treated simultaneously in the dyeing chamber, in the bottom region of which are provided with upwardly directed feed holes for steam and for the dye liquor.

Since the color concentration is already very low in this known method, subsequent - in many cases desired - subsequent washing out of the color to a low value is unnecessary, so that considerable savings, in particular in the field of Disposal can be achieved. Since there is no washing out of the paint, there is no need to dispose of it.

In the known method from which the invention is based, the textiles are soaked in the dye liquor from top to bottom in conjunction with the features mentioned at the outset.

A disadvantage of these known methods, however, is that the textiles placed in the dyeing chamber are dyed by the dye liquor passed through the textiles from bottom to top, but this coloring becomes uneven because the dye liquor intensity is from bottom to top due to the consumption of the color pigment parts decreases.

Based on this prior art, the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus with which, in contrast to the known arrangements, it is possible to apply pictorially designed and possibly widely differing color applications to different textiles, whereby in spite of this pictorial design, a uniform color impregnation of the textiles to be treated is to be achieved.

This object is achieved in that the dye liquor from bottom to top through the textiles using pressurized transport media increased pressure is performed.

The media effecting the dye liquor through the textiles can in particular be steam or air, which are also pressed upwards through the textiles. It is particularly expedient here if the textiles in densely packed layers are subjected to exposure to the pressurized media essentially without spacing in the dyeing chamber.

Such coloring is very economical, because with a dyeing chamber content of about 200 l, about 300 parts in the form of jackets or trousers of denim suits can be packed into the chamber.

With this method it is achieved that due to the higher pressure of the media exerted on the textiles, the textiles are easily penetrated by the dye liquor transported by steam or air in such a way that there is a uniform coloring. On the other hand, a uniform transfer of color images or the like is also possible with this, if this is desired.

The different loading can take place in the form of stages, the textiles to be dyed being acted upon in succession (that is to say in stages) by the color of several color magazines.

This is possible in particular because the proportion of color in the textiles is so small that the proportion of color still contained in the textiles of the preceding stage in the treatment of the textiles by the subsequent stage changes only to a small extent the color liquor that forms in the color magazines.

When one and the same dyeing chamber is applied, the intensity of the color applied to the textiles can be changed, in particular, in that several cycles take place between the dyeing chamber and the color magazine, such a cycle of the order of magnitude described above being approximately one minute. If only a single color magazine is used, the same color is applied with each cycle, ie the coloring intensity increases. If different color magazines are used for the same color chamber, the color changes if they contain different colors. However, it has to be taken into account here that the coloring through multiple cycles can only lead to darker colors or darker color images. The initial state of the textiles, which can be present in a tight packing in the dyeing chamber in a crumpled or strongly kinked form, is such that the outer parts of the textiles are first dyed, this coloring then in the course of the various cycles with the same color from the outside increases inside.

For this reason, it is necessary to supply the color in a further color step from a separate color magazine for the cases in which lighter color spots are to be produced. This magazine row, formed in this way and consisting of several color magazines, contains the respective colors of the same color class, for example the color "blue" from light blue to dark blue, the color intensity increasing from the brightest color to the darkest color in each case.

If color containers with different colors, such as red, green, blue or the like, are used in the magazine series, this results in a coloration on the textile piece in the final state which corresponds to the subtractive color mixture of these colors.

This creates additional color overlaps and correspondingly modified color images.

The method according to the invention now offers further possibilities for changing these color images within wide limits. On the one hand, the color image can depend on how the goods are packed inside the dyeing chamber, whether they are crumpled when they are compressed, or whether they are laid flat and folded, whether they are rolled or otherwise supplied in a tightly packed manner to the container. In all of these cases, the color images and color samples change.

Another way of influencing these color images is that the supply of liquor, air and / or steam in their volume and in their intensity, i.e. with regard to the feed pressure, is changed so that different pulling speeds through the textile arise, which also lead to different color images.

In a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, a large number of color magazines can be arranged next to one another, it being particularly advantageous if the hose lines lying between the color magazines and the dyeing chambers can be switched so that a single dyeing chamber can be acted upon by several color magazines or vice versa single color magazine applied to several staining chambers.

It is particularly advantageous in the device according to the invention if there are line connections between the respective ink magazine and the associated dyeing chamber, which feed the steam, the condensate of the steam, and the unused ink liquor from the inking chamber to the ink magazine in a multiple circulation of the media mentioned above and wherein the resulting mixture of condensed steam and non-applied paint liquor supplementary color is added by means of a metering device in the form of color pigments.

It is also advantageous if certain areas of the supply lines for air, liquor and steam are provided with outlet holes of different sizes, which also leads to different patterns. Corresponding changes can be produced by varying the flow rate through the connecting lines, which can be brought about by changing the pump outputs.

The lines arranged in the bottom area of the dyeing chamber can additionally be acted upon by heating, preferably by steam heating, so that the temperature of the liquor of escaping water as well as the temperature of the transport media, such as steam and / or air, can be varied within wide limits. This also leads to a large change in the pattern.

Finally, the treatment time can be changed within wide limits, and the number of circulations can be increased accordingly. This also strongly influences the patterns.

The patterns can also be further influenced by the fact that there are considerable time differences between the exposure to the individual color magazines.

In addition to the passage of the dye liquor through the textiles to be applied from bottom to top by means of a pressure pump, it is of course also possible to pass the dye liquor through the textiles from top to bottom, it being advisable to use a suction pump. Under certain circumstances, however, it may be sufficient for this application if only gravity is used.

It is expedient if all the color magazines are at a distance above the dyeing chamber, since this creates a space in which one can intervene in order to effortlessly pack different types of textiles into the dyeing chamber.

Of course, it is also possible, using appropriate pumps, to arrange the color magazines next to or below the dyeing chambers.

However, the textiles contained in the dyeing chamber can also be loaded with the dye liquor or with supplemented dye liquor from above and below at the same time, namely by placing a ring line on the firmly packed textiles in a manner known per se, which is connected to a color magazine in the manner described can. If this is the case, it is sufficient to effect the circulation via the ring line with the feed lines arranged below the textiles, the color magazine containing the post-mixing being arranged above the inking chamber in the manner described.

Due to the constant reuse of the used and supplemented paint, the original paint hardly ever has to be disposed of, as it is completely used up.

The remaining color constituents of the color liquor are so small that it may be expedient to evaporate the water from the color liquor, so that the residual color remains as a dry substance that can be stored and / or reused.

Due to the application of color at relatively high temperatures, there is, moreover, the pleasant effect that the color introduced into the textiles is not significantly dissolved when the textiles are washed.

In addition, the remaining shrinkage of the textile fibers is significantly reduced.

The method and the device according to the invention thus have the considerable advantages of saving material, water and energy. In the previous dyeing techniques, raw chair fabric is fed to an equipment company in order to desize the fabric and to carry out printing and dye pretreatment. Then the fabric is treated in a dyeing shop after customer order.

Both in the equipment business and in the dyeing plant, there are usually disposal parts, since the dye liquor cannot be completely used up. Additional energy will be needed because the fabric must be brought to processing or processing temperature in the finishing shop as well as in the dyeing. This means that the goods have to be heated and cooled several times, such operations not being required in the method according to the invention. The energy requirement there is thus two to four times smaller than with the known methods.

In the subsequent processing in the clothing factory, after sewing, the finished goods are washed out in a laundry using solvents, such as detergents, bleaches, abrasives and chemical additives, according to customer requirements, and up to 95% of the color strength is removed again, the washed-out part being disposed of must become.

Subsequent washing out also requires considerable additional energy and disposal, and extensive rinsing is necessary in order to rinse out the solvents and chemical auxiliaries introduced, as well as the dissolved dyes and finishing materials. Nevertheless, chemical residues in particular remain in the tissue that can trigger skin reactions.

While in the prior art, the color is first introduced into the goods with an excess, so that the excess must then be washed down in order to obtain wash-out effects, conversely, in the method according to the invention, the goods are only dyed up to the desired washing effects. This means that only as much dye is used as is necessary for the wash-out effects. The washout, which can amount to up to 95% of the dye, is eliminated. Since the result is that color, finishing and chemical additives are completely eliminated, they do not need to be washed out (no disposal part).

Color parts that have not been drawn up are returned to the color cycle and mixed, so that they do not have to be disposed of (no disposal part during dyeing).

In the known methods, the fabric or the finished item of clothing floats in a larger container in the dye bath. Usually, the goods (the dyed goods) also float when they are washed in the washing machine. According to the method according to the invention, the material to be dyed does not float, but lies tightly or loosely packed in the dyeing chamber, which can have any size and shape. The dye liquor is gradually pumped back and forth through the material to be dyed from the ink magazine and can be controlled both in terms of temperature and flow.

There is a controllable compressed air / oxygen system in the dyeing chamber, which additionally influences the dye liquor with effervescent effects and causes color changes in the material to be dyed. Furthermore, a controllable vaporization system is provided, which evaporates the dye material after pumping out the respective dye level liquor and thus causes color changes and different absorption values. The steaming system can also be used as a support during the coloring process. Due to the repeated steam treatment between the color levels and / or during the dyeing process, the color fastness is great and residual shrinkage is reduced to a minimum. Chemical coloring and finishing aids can be completely dispensed with.

The complete ink fleet is repeatedly fed into the ink magazine and kept thermally and mechanically technically fresh after use until the next use.

Any color mixing is also possible. The dye liquor is then pumped back and forth through one or more mixing ink containers in the same way as with the dyeing chamber or ink magazine. If the entire color group or color batches are no longer needed, the remaining liquor can be evaporated using an evaporation system. The resulting condensate, distilled pure water, can be used again for other purposes, the resulting dry solid content (remaining color pigments) can be used again later. The steam output is also added to the entire system in a closed circuit.

The dyed and squeezed wet goods are already hung in the form of a bundle or shoulder holder in a drying and wrinkling system and kept in motion during the entire drying time using a wind tunnel. This ensures that the goods can already be wrinkled and removed with a smooth flow. As a result, the otherwise required considerable ironing performance can be considerably reduced.

The device according to the invention also does not have to be connected to a sewage or disposal sewer system, since its water consumption is minimal.

Fig. 1

zeigt in prespektivischer Darstellung eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

Fig. 2

ist ein Schnitt etwa nach der Linie II - II nach Fig. 1.

Fig. 3

ist eine Draufsicht etwa nach der Linie III - III nach Fig. 1.

Fig. 4

ist eine Draufsicht bzw. ein Teilschnitt etwa gemäß der Linie IV - IV nach Fig. 1_.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in the drawing.

Fig. 1

shows in a perspective view an embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2

is a section approximately along the line II - II of FIG. 1st

Fig. 3

is a plan view taken approximately along the line III - III of FIG. 1.

Fig. 4

is a plan view and a partial sectional view approximately according to line IV - IV of FIG. _1.

1, the device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a magazine row 1, which consists of individual color magazines 2 arranged next to one another and containing the dye liquor to be processed and which is arranged above dyeing chambers 3, indicated in some cases by dashed lines, each color magazine 2 having a dyeing chamber 3 is assigned.

Both the color magazines 2 and the dyeing chambers 3 are ink containers, the terms "dyeing chamber" on the one hand and "color magazine" on the other hand only being used to keep the written representation of the arrangement clear.

The color magazines 2 are arranged at a distance A above the dyeing chambers 3, so that the intermediate space can be used for easier filling and for easier removal of the textiles to be processed in the dyeing chambers 3.

The dyeing chambers 3 can be closed with a lid 4, which can be provided with a return line 5 in order to let the dye liquor act on the textiles in the chambers 3 from above.

By means of the return line 5, the paint is applied from above in the manner of a "paint shower".

The color impregnation of the textiles located in the chambers 3 takes place from below via a line 6 which is provided with feed holes 7 pointing upwards and which allows the dye liquor to enter the bottom region 8 of the dyeing chambers 3. Together with the ink supply line 6 (see also FIG. 4) symmetrical to this ring line further ring lines 9, 10 and 11 (see FIG. 4 the lines seen from the inside to the outside) are provided, the line 9 being a steam heater, while the Lines 10 and 11 serve the supply of wet steam or air.

Immediately above these lines is a perforated base plate 12, which covers all lines with respect to the textiles to be treated, so that they cannot come into direct contact with the lines.

As explained above, the media air and wet steam are supplied to the dyeing chambers 3 by increasing the pump outputs with increased pressure, so that the textiles are soaked in the manner described.

In order to complete the impregnation of the textiles on the one hand and on the other hand to ensure reuse of the dye liquor used, the feed lines 6 for the dye liquor are arranged such that circulation of the dye liquor through the ink magazines 2 is possible. For this purpose, the return line 6 for the paint liquor is connected via a feed line 13, which is a return / circulation line, to a vertical, pressurized overflow line 14, which, as shown, opens into one of the color magazines 2 via a manifold 16. In the illustrated embodiment, each ink magazine 2 is assigned such an inlet line 14.

Furthermore, an overpressure line 15 is provided between the cover 4 and the ink magazine 2 above it, through which used ink liquor can also be fed to the ink magazine 2.

The top of the ink magazine 2 is also provided in its bottom area with feed lines 17 in the form of a ring line for steam heating and with a ring line 18 for the supply of air, the former supplying the condensate of the steam, i.e. in the form of water, to the color magazine 2.

The color liquor contained in the color magazine 2 naturally has a lower color intensity than the color liquor originally used, so that additional color in the form of pigments is added to the color liquor 2 in the color magazines via color metering devices 19. By means of the metering container 19, postmixing is thus carried out in such a way that the color liquor contained in the color magazine 2 after the mixing corresponds approximately in intensity to the original color liquor.

The dye liquor prepared in this way is fed back to the lower dyeing chamber 3, as shown, either by means of pumps or by gravity via a preferably vertical line 20. The inlet in the bottom area of chamber 3 is designated 21.

22 with a shut-off valve and 23 with a control valve assigned to it. These components are repeated in every stage of the device. Furthermore, shut-off taps 25 are provided in the color return and circulation line 24, which connects to the lines 6 and 13, in order, if necessary, to be able to separate the individual sections of the device from one another. With 26 arranged in this line pumps and the associated filters are designated, which, however, are not the subject of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a section approximately along the line II - II of Fig. 1 and illustrates the arrangements there. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the filter 26 (cf. FIG. 1) and a pump 27, which conveys the paint liquor in the direction of the arrows in the line 14, are arranged in the essentially vertical ink liquor circulation line 14. As can further be seen from FIG. 2, the individual ring lines for steam heating 9 and for air and wet steam 10 and 11 can also be arranged in such a way that they do not lie in the same plane, but in a staggered manner one above the other. In this case, the uppermost ring line forms the dye liquor feed line 6. As indicated schematically in FIG. 2, the fabric 28 to be dyed can be arranged irregularly and crumpled in the dyeing chamber 3 in order to obtain uneven patterns on the textiles. The liquid level in the dyeing chamber 3 is designated 29, an overpressure space 30 being formed above this level 29.

From Fig. 2 also shows in detail the design of the lid 4 (see Fig. 1) for the dyeing chamber 3, which can be provided with a squeeze ram 31, with which the textiles can be freed of excess liquid. In this context, the textiles are squeezed off against a flat surface 32, a frame or the like. The cover 4 can, as shown in FIG. 2, be connected to the ring line 5 forming the color shower (see FIG. 1).

It can also be provided with a compressed air connection 33, which forms the excess pressure in the chamber 3 when the cover 4 is closed.

In addition, the dye liquor feed line 20 (cf. FIG. 1) and an overpressure line 34, which simultaneously serves to return the condensate, can be connected to the cover 4.

The ink liquor feed line 20 which opens into the bottom of the upper ink magazine 2 and leads downwards can be provided with a switchable pressure and acceleration pump 35. As described in connection with FIG. 1, 2 ring lines 17 and 18 for supplying air and steam heating and 36 for generating the excess pressure can be provided in the bottom area of the color magazine.

The overpressure generated in each of the color magazines 2 and the chambers 3 thus not only serves to better soak the goods 28 to be treated, but also makes it possible, in a relatively simple manner, to circulate between the containers 2 and 3 in a relatively simple manner in order to make even better use of the ink liquor bring about.

3 shows a top view of the lines in the bottom area of one of the color magazines 2, namely the ring line 36 for the overpressure and the condensate return, ring line 17 for the steam heater and the ring line 18 for the air supply. Furthermore, the ink supply line of the dye liquor already in use from the dyeing chamber 3 can be seen in FIG. 3 and, as in the other figures, is designated by 14.

Fig. 4 is the view approximately along the line IV - IV of FIG. 1 and reveals the four ring lines 6, 9, 10 and 11 which are arranged essentially concentrically to one another and which are arranged in the bottom region of the chamber 3.

Claims (33)

Process for dyeing textiles, in which the textiles to be dyed are supplied with a dye liquor containing the paint in a strongly diluted form, several separate color magazines (paint containers) being provided, which are arranged in an area above a dyeing chamber which receives the textiles to be treated , wherein several textile pieces are treated simultaneously in the dyeing chamber, in the bottom area of which are provided with upwardly directed supply holes for steam and for the dye liquor, characterized in that the dye liquor is passed from bottom to top through the textiles using pressurized transport media is performed with increased pressure. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the media are steam or air. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dye liquor is pressed through the textiles from bottom to top. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textiles in densely packed layers, substantially without spacing in the dyeing chamber, are subjected to the application of color by the pressurized media. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application of the dye liquor is carried out in stages. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the textiles to be dyed are acted upon in succession by the color of several color magazines in a single dyeing chamber. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the intensity of the color applied is changed in that several cycles take place between the dyeing chamber and the color magazine. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that one cycle takes about one minute. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that only a single color magazine is used, one and the same color being applied in each cycle. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that different color magazines are used for one and the same dyeing chamber. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textiles to be treated lie in crumpled or strongly kinked form in the dyeing chamber in a tight package. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a darker color spot is supplemented and / or replaced by a lighter one, the coloring being achieved by a single color magazine with a single dyeing chamber. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that lighter color spots are produced in a subsequent step by supplying a color which is lighter from the start. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further color step is generated by color which is provided in a separate color magazine. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the color image on the textiles is influenced by the type of packing within the ink chamber, namely in the form of creasing, smooth laying, squeezing, rolling, etc. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the color image is influenced by the supply of the liquor, air and / or steam, the color being changed by different passage speeds of these media. Device for carrying out the method according to the invention, characterized in that color magazines (2) are arranged next to one another above dyeing chambers (3), the color magazines (2) and the dyeing chambers (3) being connected to one another by hose lines (14, 15, 20). Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the lines (14, 15, 20) lying between the color magazines (2) and the dyeing chambers (3) can be switched so that a single dyeing chamber (3) can be acted upon by several color magazines (2) . Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the hose lines (14, 15, 20) lying between the ink magazines (2) and the dyeing chambers (3) can be switched over such that a single ink magazine (2) acts on several inking chambers (3). Apparatus according to one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that there are line connections (14, 15, 20) between the respective ink magazine (2) and the associated dyeing chamber (3) which contain the steam, the condensate of the steam and the unused ink liquor from the dyeing chamber (3) to the ink magazine (2) in a multiple circulation of the media again. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the mixture of condensed steam and unused ink liquor resulting in the ink magazine (2) is added with a metering device (19) in the form of ink pigments. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that certain areas of the supply lines for air, paint liquor and steam are provided with outlet holes (9) of different sizes. Device according to one of Claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the outputs of the pumps (27, 35) which act on the connecting lines can be varied. Device according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the lines (6, 9, 10, 11) arranged in the bottom region of the dyeing chamber (3) are acted upon by a heater (9), preferably by a steam heater. Device according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the treatment time and / or the number of circulations can be varied within wide limits. Device according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that there are considerable time differences between the exposure of the textiles (28) to be dyed by the individual color magazines (2). Device according to one of claims 17 to 26, characterized in that the dye liquor is passed through the textiles (28) to be loaded from bottom to top with a pressure pump (27). Device according to one of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that the dye liquor is passed through the textiles (28) from top to bottom, a suction pump being provided for this. Device according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that all the color magazines (2) lie at a distance A above the dyeing chambers (3). Device according to one of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that the color magazines (2) are arranged next to the dyeing chambers (3) or below. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textiles (28) contained in the dyeing chamber (3) are simultaneously subjected to the dye liquor or supplemented dye liquor from below and above. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that in a manner known per se, a ring line (5) is placed on the firmly packed textiles (28) and is connected to a color magazine (2). Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the circulation is conducted via the ring line (5) by means of feed lines arranged below the textiles (28), a color magazine (2) containing the post-mixing being arranged above the dyeing chamber (3).

Images