EP0519422B1 - Installation pour la trempe de pièces métalliques chauffées comprenant un dispositif pour aspirer des vapeurs - Google Patents

Installation pour la trempe de pièces métalliques chauffées comprenant un dispositif pour aspirer des vapeurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519422B1
EP0519422B1 EP92110217A EP92110217A EP0519422B1 EP 0519422 B1 EP0519422 B1 EP 0519422B1 EP 92110217 A EP92110217 A EP 92110217A EP 92110217 A EP92110217 A EP 92110217A EP 0519422 B1 EP0519422 B1 EP 0519422B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chute
quenching medium
pump
gas
bell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92110217A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0519422A2 (fr
EP0519422A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Werner Herre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wolfgang Kohnle Warmebehandlungsanlagen GmbH
Original Assignee
Wolfgang Kohnle Warmebehandlungsanlagen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0519422A2 publication Critical patent/EP0519422A2/fr
Publication of EP0519422A3 publication Critical patent/EP0519422A3/de
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Publication of EP0519422B1 publication Critical patent/EP0519422B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-GM 90 14 549 discloses a device for quenching metal parts that have passed through a heat treatment furnace; it has a container in which the quenching liquid, an oil bath, a salt bath or a water emulsion is contained. To ensure that the metal parts do not come into contact with air on their way from the furnace to the quenching medium, the furnace chamber is connected to the quenching container by a chute. The chute dips into the quenching medium a.
  • a ring of openings or a surge shower is provided in the chute, through which quenching medium is fed into the chute, so that it does not heat up too much in the chute due to the immersed metal parts or splashes that occur when the metal parts hit the Bath surface arise, are intercepted.
  • the disadvantage here is that the condensate separators must be emptied regularly, since the pipelines and the condensate separators become dirty due to condensed residues that are tough or solid and must therefore be cleaned at regular intervals. It is particularly disadvantageous that condensation also occurs in the pump, that the condensates solidify during breaks in operation and lead to start-up problems after a break in operation. This is particularly serious with salt baths, which result in solid condensate deposits (incrustations), so that the extraction of vapors from salt baths is practically impossible to this day.
  • the present invention is based on the object of realizing a reliable and low-maintenance vapor extraction in a device of the type mentioned, which works reliably in both oil baths and salt baths.
  • the invention solves the problem by taking two measures in combination.
  • a propellant pump is used as the pump, which uses the quenching medium as the propellant.
  • the extracted vapors do not come into contact with moving parts, since the propellant pump has no moving parts, but rather gains its suction effect solely from the flow of the propellant.
  • deposits, such as salt crusts can form in the propellant pump during breaks in operation, these are always dissolved and removed again by the operation of the propellant pump with the hot quenching medium, so that the propellant pump is always ready for operation.
  • the quenching medium itself is used as the blowing agent, some of the fumes extracted have the opportunity in the blowing agent pump to condense in the quenching medium.
  • a gas scrubber which also contains the quenching medium as washing liquid.
  • the protective gas or reaction gas freed from the condensable components from the furnace atmosphere leaves the gas scrubber and can be flared.
  • the condensed quenching medium is returned to the quenching tank, most simply by the container with the quenching medium being the gas scrubber at the same time.
  • the outflow opening of the propellant pump is below the level of the quenching medium in the container and that the container has a vent line extending from the gas space above the level, which leads to the point where the gas can be flared.
  • the gases and vapors entrained by the propellant pump must at least cover the route from the outflow opening of the propellant pump to the level of the quenching medium in the quenching bath and the vapors of the quenching medium have the opportunity to fully condense.
  • the vent line can lead out of the covered quenching container at any point.
  • the extracted gas is not distributed over the entire gas space of the quenching container, but instead is concentrated in a diving bell, which is arranged where the gas bubbles rise from the quenching medium and from which the vent line originates.
  • the propellant pump is expediently arranged in such a way that its outflow opening lies below the diving bell. But you can also place them next to the diving bell and align the beam so that it just passes under the edge of the bell.
  • the jet of propellant it is also possible for the jet of propellant to emerge from a nozzle above the bath level in the container and to have it strike the surface of the quenching medium contained therein. The jet then penetrates into the quenching medium with entrainment of components of the extracted gas and generates a high degree of turbulence in the quenching medium, which is favorable for condensation of the condensable components.
  • the gas space of the quenching container into at least two compartments, which are separated from each other by a wall immersed in the quenching medium, namely one compartment (the suction chamber) into which the gas is sucked out of the chute and entrained by the propellant jet, and a second Compartment (the gas collection chamber) into which the gas bubbles freed from the condensable constituents rise from the quenching medium and from which the ventilation line originates.
  • These two compartments are preferably components of one and the same bell, which for this purpose has a vertical partition which is immersed in the quenching medium.
  • the propellant pump and the bell are preferably arranged in a floating manner, so that the pressure conditions in the compartments of the bell and, when the propellant pump is immersed, the counterpressure present at their outflow opening is independent of the fill level in the quenching container.
  • a circulating pump is required to operate the propellant pump, which draws quenching medium out of the quenching container and feeds it into the propellant pump.
  • the extraction capacity (the throughput of the extracted gas) can be set or regulated by setting or regulating the circulation pump accordingly.
  • a particularly advantageous way of adjusting the suction power is to return a portion of the gas that has been extracted and freed of condensable constituents to the chute, preferably at a point opposite the suction opening of the suction line, so that a crossflow occurs in the chute. This not only has the advantage that the consumption of protective gas or reaction gas is reduced, but also that the effectiveness of the suction is better and more uniform than without such a cross flow.
  • the propellant pump is preferably arranged close to the chute, in particular installed directly on the chute together with the bell.
  • the suction side of the propellant pump is located directly at the suction opening for the vapors in the wall of the chute, because then the flow path leading to the suction side of the propellant pump is as short as possible and offers practically no opportunity for annoying deposits, especially since the surroundings of the chute are hot anyway, so that the condensable components, as long as the heat treatment system is in operation, are not cooled to such an extent that they solidify.
  • the gas extracted from the chute is at least partially returned to the chute, for which purpose a duct which is close to the chute is preferably provided, on the one hand keeping the gas warm and on the other hand achieving a compact structure.
  • the gas scrubber can also be arranged above the level which the quenching medium forms in the container. This measure also contributes to extremely short cable routing.
  • the gas scrubber is preferably a continuous tank through which not only the gas to be washed flows, but also the quenching medium used as the blowing agent for the propellant pump, which can be returned in free fall from the continuous tank to the quenching tank.
  • the drain opening of the flow container is connected to the inside of the chute, to form the veil already mentioned, which is intended to prevent the quenching medium in the chute from being excessively heated by the hot metal parts falling into it.
  • the jet pump is used twice: on the one hand to extract the vapors from the chute and on the other hand to supply quenching medium to form the veil in the chute.
  • this is preferably divided into an overflow chamber, into which the jet of the propellant pump enters and into an outlet chamber into which the overflow chamber overflows and which has the named outlet opening from which the veil can be fed.
  • the quench medium has a constant level in the overflow chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a container 1 in which a liquid quenching medium 2 is located.
  • the container 1 is covered by a lid 3.
  • Above the container 1 is the rear section of a heat treatment furnace 4; the structure of the heat treatment furnace is not the subject of the patent application and therefore no details of the furnace are shown.
  • a chute 5 leads through the lid 3 into the container 1 and opens below the level 6 of the quenching medium.
  • the drop chute 5 is surrounded by an annular channel 7 just above the cover 3 and has a connection with the interior of the drop shaft 5 via a circumferential slot 8.
  • the ring channel 7 is supplied with liquid quenching medium via a line 10, in which two valves 11 and 12 are located, which liquid is poured into the chute in the form of a veil 13.
  • a bell 14 is suspended floating on the quenching medium 2.
  • a propellant pump (jet pump) 15 is fastened to the outside of the bell 14 and is fed with a rapidly flowing quenching medium as a propellant via a branch line 16 branching off the line 10.
  • a suction line 17 opens into a waist of the jet pump housing and extends from the chute 5 above the openings 8.
  • the jet pipe of the propellant pump 15 opens into the quenching medium 2 below the bell 14.
  • a ventilation line 18 leads as a riser pipe, in which a valve 19 and a solenoid valve 19a is located, upwards through the cover 3 out of the container 1.
  • a chicane 20 is also provided between the inlet of the vent line 18 and the mirror 6 of the quenching medium.
  • the solenoid valve 19a is coupled to a valve switch igniter and only opens when after its pilot light burns.
  • an auxiliary gas e.g. Nitrogen.
  • the device works as follows: Hot metal parts falling out of the furnace 4 through the chute 5 into the container 1, in particular while they are falling through the veil 13, cause a certain amount of the quenching medium to evaporate. The rising vapors are sucked off through the suction line 17, the suction being supported by a cross flow which forms between the mouth of the line 21 and the suction opening 23. The gas sucked in by the jet pump 15 mixes with the propellant jet which flows through the lower edge 34 of the bent wall 30 passes under the bell 14 and reaches the area under the bell 14.
  • an auxiliary gas such as nitrogen can be introduced via line 25 in order to purge the entire device before start-up, so that no explosive gas can form.
  • the suction power can be set via the speed of the circulation pump 9, via the position of the valves 11 and 12 and the position of the control valves 19 and 22.
  • parts that are the same as or correspond to parts of the first exemplary embodiment are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 only in the design of the bell 14 and the jet pump 15.
  • the bell 14 is enlarged and divided into two compartments 31 by a partition wall 30 that runs from top to bottom and ends below the mirror 6 32 divided.
  • the compartment 31 is part of the propellant pump 15.
  • the propellant line 16 opens into the compartment 31 with a nozzle 33, which serves as a suction chamber.
  • the nozzle 33 is directed obliquely into the area below the correspondingly bent partition 30, but lies above the mirror 6.
  • the propellant jet which strikes the surface of the quenching medium 2, entrains constituents of the gas which pass through the line 17 opening into the compartment 31 is brought up from the chute 5 and drives it in the form of bubbles 27 under the edge 34 of the bent partition 30 into the area below the compartment 32, which serves as a gas collection chamber. From here, the gas rises through the baffle 20 into the vent line 18.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that a tube 35 is welded into the partition 30, one end of which is above the mirror 6 in the compartment 31 and the other end of which is below the mirror 6 below the compartment 32.
  • Blowing agent jet which emerges from the nozzle 33, is directed precisely into the tube 35.
  • the tube ensures a more effective transfer of the gas from compartment 31 to compartment 32.
  • Level differences which arise are compensated for by openings 36 in tube 35 below the mirror 6.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that the bell 14 has a bottom 40 which extends at a distance from the lower edge 34 of the partition 30 below the entire compartment 31 and an area of the compartment 32 adjoining it.
  • the level of the quenching medium above the bottom 40 is therefore independent of fluctuations in the level 6 at a constant level, as a result of which the conditions for the liquid jet and the gas transport always remain the same.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the previous exemplary embodiments essentially in that the chute 5, the jet pump 15 and a gas washer 50 are combined to form a very compact assembly.
  • the chute 5 of this assembly is immersed in a container 1 in which the liquid quenching medium 2 with a mirror 6 is located at a predetermined height (see FIGS. 1 to 4).
  • the bell shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is evidently no longer required in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the gas washer 50 is a continuous container which closely surrounds the chute 5.
  • the gas washer is divided by a partition 51 into an overflow chamber 52 and an outlet chamber 53, which has two opposing sequences of slots 8 as outlet openings, which open into the chute 5, which consists of two sections, which have a liquid seal 59, a so-called Water cup, are interconnected.
  • slots 8 there are slots 22 in one wall of the chute 5, which is rectangular in cross section, and slightly higher in the opposite wall, slots 23, the latter of which open into a suction chamber 54 in which the suction side of two jet pumps 15 arranged next to one another is located , which are fed via a feed line 16 with liquid quenching medium, for example by the pump 9 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the jet 37 of the jet pumps 15 is directed into an immersion tube 35, which in the overflow chamber 52 into the upper edge of the Partition 51 immersed quenching medium.
  • the jet pump 15 draws gas loaded with vaporous quenching medium through the slots 23, which is washed in the overflow chamber 52, the vaporous quenching medium condensing and the uncondensed gas rising in the form of bubbles 27 and collecting in the gas scrubber above the level of the quenching medium.
  • This space above the mirror in the gas scrubber is divided by a partition 55 into a pressure chamber 56 and an outflow chamber 57, which has a connection via the slots 43 to the inside of the chute 5.
  • the pressure chamber 56 and outflow chamber 57 are connected to one another by a pressure compensation channel 58.
  • the gas flow generated by the jet pumps 15 takes the Away from the slots 23 via the jet pumps 15, the pressure chamber 56, the pressure compensation channel 58, the outflow chamber 57 and the slots 22 back into the chute 5, in which a cross flow is generated in this way between the slots 22 and 23.
  • the quenching medium introduced by the jet pumps 15 into the overflow chamber 52 flows via the partition 51 into the outlet chamber 53 and from there through the slits 8 into the chute 5 as a veil 13.
  • the conduction paths are so short that malfunctions due to harmful deposits no longer occur are to be feared.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Dispositif pour la trempe de pièces métalliques chauffées, comprenant
       un récipient (1) muni d'un couvercle (3) pour recevoir un milieu de trempe (2),
       une gaine de chute (5) venant d'un four (4) et débouchant dans le récipient (1),
       et un dispositif d'aspiration de vapeurs du milieu de trempe depuis la gaine de chute (5) à travers une pompe (15), dont le côté aspiration est relié à l'intérieur de la gaine de chute (5),
       caractérisé en ce que la pompe (15) est une pompe à fluide moteur travaillant avec le milieu de trempe comme fluide moteur,
       et en ce que, sur la trajectoire d'écoulement, après la pompe à fluide moteur (15), il est placé un épurateur de gaz (1) qui contient le milieu de trempe comme fluide de lavage.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (1) est l'épurateur de gaz.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, pour relier le côté d'aspiration de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) à l'intérieur de la gaine de chute (5), il est prévu une conduite (17), et en ce que celle-ci est un tube sans inserts.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de sortie de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) se trouve au-dessous du niveau (6) du milieu de trempe (2) et celui-ci possède une conduite d'évacuation d'air (18) partant de la chambre à gaz au-dessus du niveau (6).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie du gaz aspiré et lavé est réintroduite et introduite dans la gaine de chute (5) en un endroit (22) opposé à l'ouverture d'aspiration (23).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes en liaison avec la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que, pour collecter le gaz montant depuis le milieu de trempe (2), une cloche (14) trempant avec son bord dans le milieu de trempe est prévue, de laquelle une conduite d'évacuation d'air (18) sort du récipient (1).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la cloche (14) est divisée par une cloison (30) en deux compartiments adjacents (31, 32), dont l'un (31) fait partie de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) et contient le débouché de la conduite d'aspiration (17) et l'autre (32) est relié à la conduite d'évacuation d'air (18).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le jet de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) est dirigé à l'oblique vers le bas, de sorte qu'il passe juste au-dessus du bord inférieur de la cloche (14) et ou sa cloison (30).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le jet de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) est dirigé dans un tube (35) qui débouche au-dessous du niveau (6) du fluide de trempe (2) dans la cloche (14) ou son compartiment (32) relié à la conduite d'évacuation d'air (18).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pompe à fluide moteur (15), éventuellement également la cloche (14), est ou sont placée(s) en flottaison.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la cloche (14) a un fond (40) qui s'étend à distance de la cloison (30) sous tout le premier compartiment (31) et sous une zone adjacente de l'autre compartiment (32) et de laquelle s'étend vers le haut une autre cloison (41) subdivisant cet autre compartiment (32), laquelle forme un trop-plein qui se trouve au-dessus de niveau (6) du milieu de trempe (2) prévu à l'extérieur de la cloche (14).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pompe à fluide moteur (15) est placée près de la gaine de chute (5), installée en particulier immédiatement contre la gaine de chute (5).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le côté d'aspiration de la pompe à fluide moteur (15) est placé immédiatement sur l'ouverture d'aspiration (23) dans la paroi de la gaine de chute (5).
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 et 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que, pour réintroduire le gaz, un canal (56 à 58) étroitement adjacent à la gaine de chute (5) est prévu.
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'épurateur de gaz (50) est récipient de passage, pour le milieu de trempe, placé au-dessus du niveau (6) du milieu de trempe prévu par nature dans le récipient (1).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de sortie (8) communique avec l'intérieur de la gaine de chute (5).
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de sortie (8) est située dans la paroi de la gaine de chute (5) et entoure celle-ci au moins partiellement en tant que fente ou que série de fentes et de perçages.
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que l'épurateur de gaz (50) est placé sur la gaine de chute (5).
  19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le récipient de passage (50) présente une chambre de trop-plein (52), dans laquelle pénètre le jet (37) de la pompe à fluide moteur (15), et une chambre de sortie (53) dans laquelle déborde la chambre de tropplein (52), laquelle possède ladite ouverture de sortie (8).
EP92110217A 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Installation pour la trempe de pièces métalliques chauffées comprenant un dispositif pour aspirer des vapeurs Expired - Lifetime EP0519422B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4119863 1991-06-17
DE4119863A DE4119863C2 (de) 1991-06-17 1991-06-17 Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von erwärmten Metallteilen mit einer Einrichtung zum Absaugen von Dämpfen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519422A2 EP0519422A2 (fr) 1992-12-23
EP0519422A3 EP0519422A3 (en) 1994-07-13
EP0519422B1 true EP0519422B1 (fr) 1995-12-27

Family

ID=6434078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92110217A Expired - Lifetime EP0519422B1 (fr) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Installation pour la trempe de pièces métalliques chauffées comprenant un dispositif pour aspirer des vapeurs

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0519422B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4119863C2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB890125A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-02-28 Wild Barfield Electr Furnaces Improvements in metallurgical heat-treatment furnaces
US3272489A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-09-13 Pacific Scientific Co Heat treating furnace with removable helical insert
DE1972953U (de) * 1967-08-12 1967-11-23 Matthias Ludwig Industrieofenb Vorrichtung zum abkuehlen von insbesondere metallischen gegenstaenden in oel.
US3650853A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-03-21 Multifastener Corp Heat treating method
DE4035155C2 (de) * 1990-09-14 1993-12-02 Kohnle W Waermebehandlung Anlage zum Vergüten von Kleinteilen aus Metall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0519422A2 (fr) 1992-12-23
EP0519422A3 (en) 1994-07-13
DE59204803D1 (de) 1996-02-08
DE4119863A1 (de) 1992-12-24
DE4119863C2 (de) 1995-06-14

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