EP0519422B1 - Apparatus for quenching heated metal workpieces comprising a device for extracting fumes - Google Patents

Apparatus for quenching heated metal workpieces comprising a device for extracting fumes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519422B1
EP0519422B1 EP92110217A EP92110217A EP0519422B1 EP 0519422 B1 EP0519422 B1 EP 0519422B1 EP 92110217 A EP92110217 A EP 92110217A EP 92110217 A EP92110217 A EP 92110217A EP 0519422 B1 EP0519422 B1 EP 0519422B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chute
quenching medium
pump
gas
bell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP92110217A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519422A2 (en
EP0519422A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Werner Herre
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Wolfgang Kohnle Warmebehandlungsanlagen GmbH
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Wolfgang Kohnle Warmebehandlungsanlagen GmbH
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-GM 90 14 549 discloses a device for quenching metal parts that have passed through a heat treatment furnace; it has a container in which the quenching liquid, an oil bath, a salt bath or a water emulsion is contained. To ensure that the metal parts do not come into contact with air on their way from the furnace to the quenching medium, the furnace chamber is connected to the quenching container by a chute. The chute dips into the quenching medium a.
  • a ring of openings or a surge shower is provided in the chute, through which quenching medium is fed into the chute, so that it does not heat up too much in the chute due to the immersed metal parts or splashes that occur when the metal parts hit the Bath surface arise, are intercepted.
  • the disadvantage here is that the condensate separators must be emptied regularly, since the pipelines and the condensate separators become dirty due to condensed residues that are tough or solid and must therefore be cleaned at regular intervals. It is particularly disadvantageous that condensation also occurs in the pump, that the condensates solidify during breaks in operation and lead to start-up problems after a break in operation. This is particularly serious with salt baths, which result in solid condensate deposits (incrustations), so that the extraction of vapors from salt baths is practically impossible to this day.
  • the present invention is based on the object of realizing a reliable and low-maintenance vapor extraction in a device of the type mentioned, which works reliably in both oil baths and salt baths.
  • the invention solves the problem by taking two measures in combination.
  • a propellant pump is used as the pump, which uses the quenching medium as the propellant.
  • the extracted vapors do not come into contact with moving parts, since the propellant pump has no moving parts, but rather gains its suction effect solely from the flow of the propellant.
  • deposits, such as salt crusts can form in the propellant pump during breaks in operation, these are always dissolved and removed again by the operation of the propellant pump with the hot quenching medium, so that the propellant pump is always ready for operation.
  • the quenching medium itself is used as the blowing agent, some of the fumes extracted have the opportunity in the blowing agent pump to condense in the quenching medium.
  • a gas scrubber which also contains the quenching medium as washing liquid.
  • the protective gas or reaction gas freed from the condensable components from the furnace atmosphere leaves the gas scrubber and can be flared.
  • the condensed quenching medium is returned to the quenching tank, most simply by the container with the quenching medium being the gas scrubber at the same time.
  • the outflow opening of the propellant pump is below the level of the quenching medium in the container and that the container has a vent line extending from the gas space above the level, which leads to the point where the gas can be flared.
  • the gases and vapors entrained by the propellant pump must at least cover the route from the outflow opening of the propellant pump to the level of the quenching medium in the quenching bath and the vapors of the quenching medium have the opportunity to fully condense.
  • the vent line can lead out of the covered quenching container at any point.
  • the extracted gas is not distributed over the entire gas space of the quenching container, but instead is concentrated in a diving bell, which is arranged where the gas bubbles rise from the quenching medium and from which the vent line originates.
  • the propellant pump is expediently arranged in such a way that its outflow opening lies below the diving bell. But you can also place them next to the diving bell and align the beam so that it just passes under the edge of the bell.
  • the jet of propellant it is also possible for the jet of propellant to emerge from a nozzle above the bath level in the container and to have it strike the surface of the quenching medium contained therein. The jet then penetrates into the quenching medium with entrainment of components of the extracted gas and generates a high degree of turbulence in the quenching medium, which is favorable for condensation of the condensable components.
  • the gas space of the quenching container into at least two compartments, which are separated from each other by a wall immersed in the quenching medium, namely one compartment (the suction chamber) into which the gas is sucked out of the chute and entrained by the propellant jet, and a second Compartment (the gas collection chamber) into which the gas bubbles freed from the condensable constituents rise from the quenching medium and from which the ventilation line originates.
  • These two compartments are preferably components of one and the same bell, which for this purpose has a vertical partition which is immersed in the quenching medium.
  • the propellant pump and the bell are preferably arranged in a floating manner, so that the pressure conditions in the compartments of the bell and, when the propellant pump is immersed, the counterpressure present at their outflow opening is independent of the fill level in the quenching container.
  • a circulating pump is required to operate the propellant pump, which draws quenching medium out of the quenching container and feeds it into the propellant pump.
  • the extraction capacity (the throughput of the extracted gas) can be set or regulated by setting or regulating the circulation pump accordingly.
  • a particularly advantageous way of adjusting the suction power is to return a portion of the gas that has been extracted and freed of condensable constituents to the chute, preferably at a point opposite the suction opening of the suction line, so that a crossflow occurs in the chute. This not only has the advantage that the consumption of protective gas or reaction gas is reduced, but also that the effectiveness of the suction is better and more uniform than without such a cross flow.
  • the propellant pump is preferably arranged close to the chute, in particular installed directly on the chute together with the bell.
  • the suction side of the propellant pump is located directly at the suction opening for the vapors in the wall of the chute, because then the flow path leading to the suction side of the propellant pump is as short as possible and offers practically no opportunity for annoying deposits, especially since the surroundings of the chute are hot anyway, so that the condensable components, as long as the heat treatment system is in operation, are not cooled to such an extent that they solidify.
  • the gas extracted from the chute is at least partially returned to the chute, for which purpose a duct which is close to the chute is preferably provided, on the one hand keeping the gas warm and on the other hand achieving a compact structure.
  • the gas scrubber can also be arranged above the level which the quenching medium forms in the container. This measure also contributes to extremely short cable routing.
  • the gas scrubber is preferably a continuous tank through which not only the gas to be washed flows, but also the quenching medium used as the blowing agent for the propellant pump, which can be returned in free fall from the continuous tank to the quenching tank.
  • the drain opening of the flow container is connected to the inside of the chute, to form the veil already mentioned, which is intended to prevent the quenching medium in the chute from being excessively heated by the hot metal parts falling into it.
  • the jet pump is used twice: on the one hand to extract the vapors from the chute and on the other hand to supply quenching medium to form the veil in the chute.
  • this is preferably divided into an overflow chamber, into which the jet of the propellant pump enters and into an outlet chamber into which the overflow chamber overflows and which has the named outlet opening from which the veil can be fed.
  • the quench medium has a constant level in the overflow chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a container 1 in which a liquid quenching medium 2 is located.
  • the container 1 is covered by a lid 3.
  • Above the container 1 is the rear section of a heat treatment furnace 4; the structure of the heat treatment furnace is not the subject of the patent application and therefore no details of the furnace are shown.
  • a chute 5 leads through the lid 3 into the container 1 and opens below the level 6 of the quenching medium.
  • the drop chute 5 is surrounded by an annular channel 7 just above the cover 3 and has a connection with the interior of the drop shaft 5 via a circumferential slot 8.
  • the ring channel 7 is supplied with liquid quenching medium via a line 10, in which two valves 11 and 12 are located, which liquid is poured into the chute in the form of a veil 13.
  • a bell 14 is suspended floating on the quenching medium 2.
  • a propellant pump (jet pump) 15 is fastened to the outside of the bell 14 and is fed with a rapidly flowing quenching medium as a propellant via a branch line 16 branching off the line 10.
  • a suction line 17 opens into a waist of the jet pump housing and extends from the chute 5 above the openings 8.
  • the jet pipe of the propellant pump 15 opens into the quenching medium 2 below the bell 14.
  • a ventilation line 18 leads as a riser pipe, in which a valve 19 and a solenoid valve 19a is located, upwards through the cover 3 out of the container 1.
  • a chicane 20 is also provided between the inlet of the vent line 18 and the mirror 6 of the quenching medium.
  • the solenoid valve 19a is coupled to a valve switch igniter and only opens when after its pilot light burns.
  • an auxiliary gas e.g. Nitrogen.
  • the device works as follows: Hot metal parts falling out of the furnace 4 through the chute 5 into the container 1, in particular while they are falling through the veil 13, cause a certain amount of the quenching medium to evaporate. The rising vapors are sucked off through the suction line 17, the suction being supported by a cross flow which forms between the mouth of the line 21 and the suction opening 23. The gas sucked in by the jet pump 15 mixes with the propellant jet which flows through the lower edge 34 of the bent wall 30 passes under the bell 14 and reaches the area under the bell 14.
  • an auxiliary gas such as nitrogen can be introduced via line 25 in order to purge the entire device before start-up, so that no explosive gas can form.
  • the suction power can be set via the speed of the circulation pump 9, via the position of the valves 11 and 12 and the position of the control valves 19 and 22.
  • parts that are the same as or correspond to parts of the first exemplary embodiment are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 only in the design of the bell 14 and the jet pump 15.
  • the bell 14 is enlarged and divided into two compartments 31 by a partition wall 30 that runs from top to bottom and ends below the mirror 6 32 divided.
  • the compartment 31 is part of the propellant pump 15.
  • the propellant line 16 opens into the compartment 31 with a nozzle 33, which serves as a suction chamber.
  • the nozzle 33 is directed obliquely into the area below the correspondingly bent partition 30, but lies above the mirror 6.
  • the propellant jet which strikes the surface of the quenching medium 2, entrains constituents of the gas which pass through the line 17 opening into the compartment 31 is brought up from the chute 5 and drives it in the form of bubbles 27 under the edge 34 of the bent partition 30 into the area below the compartment 32, which serves as a gas collection chamber. From here, the gas rises through the baffle 20 into the vent line 18.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that a tube 35 is welded into the partition 30, one end of which is above the mirror 6 in the compartment 31 and the other end of which is below the mirror 6 below the compartment 32.
  • Blowing agent jet which emerges from the nozzle 33, is directed precisely into the tube 35.
  • the tube ensures a more effective transfer of the gas from compartment 31 to compartment 32.
  • Level differences which arise are compensated for by openings 36 in tube 35 below the mirror 6.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that the bell 14 has a bottom 40 which extends at a distance from the lower edge 34 of the partition 30 below the entire compartment 31 and an area of the compartment 32 adjoining it.
  • the level of the quenching medium above the bottom 40 is therefore independent of fluctuations in the level 6 at a constant level, as a result of which the conditions for the liquid jet and the gas transport always remain the same.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the previous exemplary embodiments essentially in that the chute 5, the jet pump 15 and a gas washer 50 are combined to form a very compact assembly.
  • the chute 5 of this assembly is immersed in a container 1 in which the liquid quenching medium 2 with a mirror 6 is located at a predetermined height (see FIGS. 1 to 4).
  • the bell shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is evidently no longer required in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the gas washer 50 is a continuous container which closely surrounds the chute 5.
  • the gas washer is divided by a partition 51 into an overflow chamber 52 and an outlet chamber 53, which has two opposing sequences of slots 8 as outlet openings, which open into the chute 5, which consists of two sections, which have a liquid seal 59, a so-called Water cup, are interconnected.
  • slots 8 there are slots 22 in one wall of the chute 5, which is rectangular in cross section, and slightly higher in the opposite wall, slots 23, the latter of which open into a suction chamber 54 in which the suction side of two jet pumps 15 arranged next to one another is located , which are fed via a feed line 16 with liquid quenching medium, for example by the pump 9 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the jet 37 of the jet pumps 15 is directed into an immersion tube 35, which in the overflow chamber 52 into the upper edge of the Partition 51 immersed quenching medium.
  • the jet pump 15 draws gas loaded with vaporous quenching medium through the slots 23, which is washed in the overflow chamber 52, the vaporous quenching medium condensing and the uncondensed gas rising in the form of bubbles 27 and collecting in the gas scrubber above the level of the quenching medium.
  • This space above the mirror in the gas scrubber is divided by a partition 55 into a pressure chamber 56 and an outflow chamber 57, which has a connection via the slots 43 to the inside of the chute 5.
  • the pressure chamber 56 and outflow chamber 57 are connected to one another by a pressure compensation channel 58.
  • the gas flow generated by the jet pumps 15 takes the Away from the slots 23 via the jet pumps 15, the pressure chamber 56, the pressure compensation channel 58, the outflow chamber 57 and the slots 22 back into the chute 5, in which a cross flow is generated in this way between the slots 22 and 23.
  • the quenching medium introduced by the jet pumps 15 into the overflow chamber 52 flows via the partition 51 into the outlet chamber 53 and from there through the slits 8 into the chute 5 as a veil 13.
  • the conduction paths are so short that malfunctions due to harmful deposits no longer occur are to be feared.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a device with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

In dem DE-GM 90 14 549 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Metallteilen offenbart, die einen Wärmebehandlungsofen durchlaufen haben; sie hat einen Behälter, in welchem die Abschreckflüssigkeit, ein Ölbad, ein Salzbad oder eine Wasseremulsion enthalten ist. Damit die Metallteile auf ihrem Weg vom Ofen zum Abschreckmedium nicht mit Luft in Berührung kommen, ist der Ofenraum durch einen Fallschacht mit dem Abschreckbehälter verbunden. Der Fallschacht taucht in das Abschreckmedium ein. Oberhalb des Spiegels des Abschreckmediums ist im Fallschacht ein Kranz von Öffnungen oder eine Schwallbrause vorgesehen, über die Abschreckmedium in den Fallschacht eingespeist wird, damit sich dieses im Fallschacht durch die eintauchenden Metallteile nicht zu sehr erwärmt bzw. Spritzer, die beim Auftreffen der Metallteile auf die Badoberfläche entstehen, abgefangen werden. Die heißen Metallteile bewirken beim Auftreffen auf den Schleier des Abschreckmediums und beim Eintauchen in das Abschreckbad, dass Dämpfe entstehen, die innerhalb des Fallschachtes aufsteigen; damit die Dämpfe nicht in die Ofenatmosphäre gelangen, ist es bekannt, sie mit gasdichten Pumpen abzusaugen und durch Rohrleitungen über Kondensatabscheideeinrichtungen zu einer Stelle zu leiten, wo sie - soweit sie brennbare Bestandteile enthalten, die vornehmlich aus der Ofenatmosphäre stammen - abgefackelt werden können.DE-GM 90 14 549 discloses a device for quenching metal parts that have passed through a heat treatment furnace; it has a container in which the quenching liquid, an oil bath, a salt bath or a water emulsion is contained. To ensure that the metal parts do not come into contact with air on their way from the furnace to the quenching medium, the furnace chamber is connected to the quenching container by a chute. The chute dips into the quenching medium a. Above the level of the quenching medium, a ring of openings or a surge shower is provided in the chute, through which quenching medium is fed into the chute, so that it does not heat up too much in the chute due to the immersed metal parts or splashes that occur when the metal parts hit the Bath surface arise, are intercepted. The hot metal parts, when they hit the veil of the quenching medium and when they are immersed in the quenching bath, cause vapors to form which rise within the chute; So that the vapors do not get into the furnace atmosphere, it is known to suck them off with gas-tight pumps and to lead them through pipelines via condensate separators to a place where they can be flared - insofar as they contain combustible components, which come primarily from the furnace atmosphere.

Nachteilig dabei ist, dass die Kondensatabscheideeinrichtungen regelmässig entleert werden müssen, da die Rohrleitungen und die Kondensatabscheider durch kondensierte Rückstände, die zäh oder fest sind, verschmutzen und deshalb in regelmässigen Abständen gereinigt werden müssen. Besonders nachteilig ist, dass es auch in der Pumpe zu einer Kondensation kommt, dass sich die Kondensate in Betriebspausen verfestigen und nach einer Betriebsruhe zu Anlaufstörungen führen. Das ist besonders gravierend bei Salzbädern, die feste Kondensatablagerungen (Verkrustungen) zur Folge haben, so dass eine Absaugung von Dämpfen, die aus Salzbädern stammen, bis heute praktisch nicht möglich ist.The disadvantage here is that the condensate separators must be emptied regularly, since the pipelines and the condensate separators become dirty due to condensed residues that are tough or solid and must therefore be cleaned at regular intervals. It is particularly disadvantageous that condensation also occurs in the pump, that the condensates solidify during breaks in operation and lead to start-up problems after a break in operation. This is particularly serious with salt baths, which result in solid condensate deposits (incrustations), so that the extraction of vapors from salt baths is practically impossible to this day.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art eine zuverlässig und wartungsarm arbeitende Dampfabsaugung zu verwirklichen, die sowohl bei Ölbädern, als auch bei Salzbädern zuverlässig arbeitet.The present invention is based on the object of realizing a reliable and low-maintenance vapor extraction in a device of the type mentioned, which works reliably in both oil baths and salt baths.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a device with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung kommt dem Problem bei, in dem sie zwei Maßnahmen in Kombination ergreift. Zum einen wird als Pumpe eine Treibmittelpumpe eingesetzt, die als Treibmittel das Abschreckmedium verwendet. In einer solchen Pumpe kommen die abgesaugten Dämpfe nicht mit bewegten Teilen in Verbindung, da die Treibmittelpumpe keine bewegten Teile hat, sondern ihre Saugwirkung allein aus der Strömung des Treibmittels gewinnt. Zwar können sich in der Treibmittelpumpe in Betriebspausen auch Ablagerungen, z.B. Salzkrusten, in geringeren Mengen bilden, doch werden diese durch den Betrieb der Treibmittelpumpe mit dem gegebenenfalls heißen Abschreckmedium stets wieder aufgelöst und abgeführt, so dass die Treibmittelpumpe stets betriebsbereit ist. Dadurch, dass als Treibmittel das Abschreckmediums selbst verwendet wird, hat ein Teil der abgesaugten Dämpfe schon in der Treibmittelpumpe Gelegenheit, im Abschreckmedium zu kondensieren. Die in der Treibmittelpumpe noch nicht kondensierten Dämpfe werden anschließend in einem Gaswäscher ausgewaschen, der als Waschflüssigkeit ebenfalls das Abschreckmedium enthält. Das von den kondensierbaren Anteilen befreite Schutzgas oder Reaktionsgas aus der Ofenatmosphäre verläßt den Gaswäscher und kann abgefackelt werden. Das kondensierte Abschreckmedium wird in den Abschreckbehälter zurückgeführt, und zwar am einfachsten dadurch, dass der Behälter mit dem Abschreckmedium zugleich der Gaswäscher ist.The invention solves the problem by taking two measures in combination. On the one hand, a propellant pump is used as the pump, which uses the quenching medium as the propellant. In such a pump, the extracted vapors do not come into contact with moving parts, since the propellant pump has no moving parts, but rather gains its suction effect solely from the flow of the propellant. Although deposits, such as salt crusts, can form in the propellant pump during breaks in operation, these are always dissolved and removed again by the operation of the propellant pump with the hot quenching medium, so that the propellant pump is always ready for operation. Because the quenching medium itself is used as the blowing agent, some of the fumes extracted have the opportunity in the blowing agent pump to condense in the quenching medium. Those that have not yet condensed in the propellant pump Vapors are then washed out in a gas scrubber, which also contains the quenching medium as washing liquid. The protective gas or reaction gas freed from the condensable components from the furnace atmosphere leaves the gas scrubber and can be flared. The condensed quenching medium is returned to the quenching tank, most simply by the container with the quenching medium being the gas scrubber at the same time.

Das regelmässige Entleeren und Reinigen eines Kondensators entfällt ebenso wie das beim Stand der Technik erforderliche lästige Reinigen einer Pumpe. Zwischen dem Fallschacht und der Treibmittelpumpe wird lediglich eine kurze, einfache, von jeglichen Einbauten freie Rohrleitung benötigt, bei welcher nicht die Gefahr besteht, dass sie sich leicht zusetzt und welche, wenn es denn z.B. bei einem Wechsel des Abschreckmediums je möglich sein sollte, leicht gereinigt werden kann.Regular emptying and cleaning of a condenser is no longer necessary, as is the annoying cleaning of a pump required in the prior art. All that is required between the chute and the propellant pump is a short, simple pipeline that is free of any built-in components, which does not pose a risk of clogging up easily and which, if it is e.g. should ever be possible when changing the quenching medium, can be easily cleaned.

Es ist vorteilhaft, dass nur solche Anteile des abgesaugten Gases abgefackelt und damit ins Freie geleitet werden, die über eine gewisse Strecke durch das flüssige Abschreckmedium hindurchgeströmt sind. Es wird deshalb bevorzugt, dass die Ausströmöffnung der Treibmittelpumpe unterhalb des Spiegels des Abschreckmediums im Behälter liegt und der Behälter eine vom Gasraum oberhalb des Spiegels ausgehende Entlüftungsleitung hat, die zu der Stelle führt, wo das Gas abgefackelt werden kann. Auf diese Weise müssen die von der Treibmittelpumpe mitgerissenen Gase und Dämpfe mindestens den Weg von der Ausströmöffnung der Treibmittelpumpe bis zum Spiegel des Abschreckmediums im Abschreckbad zurücklegen und dabei haben die Dämpfe des Abschreckmediums Gelegenheit, vollständig zu kondensieren. Prinzipiell kann die Entlüftungsleitung an irgendeiner Stelle aus dem abgedeckten Abschreckbehälter herausführen. Vorzugsweise läßt man jedoch das abgesaugte Gas sich nicht über den gesamten Gasraum des Abschreckbehälters verteilen, sondern fängt es konzentriert in einer Tauchglocke auf, welche man dort anordnet, wo die Gasblasen aus dem Abschreckmedium aufsteigen und von welcher die Entlüftungsleitung ausgeht. Zweckmässigerweise ordnet man die Treibmittelpumpe so an, dass ihre Ausströmöffnung unterhalb der Tauchglocke liegt. Man kann sie aber auch neben der Tauchglocke anordnen und den Strahl so schräg ausrichten, dass er den Rand der Glocke knapp unterquert.It is advantageous that only those portions of the extracted gas are flared and thus directed to the outside that have flowed through the liquid quenching medium over a certain distance. It is therefore preferred that the outflow opening of the propellant pump is below the level of the quenching medium in the container and that the container has a vent line extending from the gas space above the level, which leads to the point where the gas can be flared. In this way The gases and vapors entrained by the propellant pump must at least cover the route from the outflow opening of the propellant pump to the level of the quenching medium in the quenching bath and the vapors of the quenching medium have the opportunity to fully condense. In principle, the vent line can lead out of the covered quenching container at any point. Preferably, however, the extracted gas is not distributed over the entire gas space of the quenching container, but instead is concentrated in a diving bell, which is arranged where the gas bubbles rise from the quenching medium and from which the vent line originates. The propellant pump is expediently arranged in such a way that its outflow opening lies below the diving bell. But you can also place them next to the diving bell and align the beam so that it just passes under the edge of the bell.

Es ist auch möglich, den Treibmittelstrahl oberhalb des Badspiegels im Behälter aus einer Düse austreten und auf die Oberfläche des darin stehenden Abschreckmediums auftreffen zu lassen. Der Strahl dringt dann in das Abschreckmedium ein unter Mitreißen von Bestandteilen des abgesaugten Gases und erzeugt ein hohes Maß an Turbulenz im Abschreckmedium, was für eine Kondensation der kondensierbaren Bestandteile günstig ist. Damit über die Entlüftungsleitung aber nur Gas abgeleitet wird, welches vom Treibmittelstrahl in das Abschreckbad mitgerissen und aus diesem wieder aufgestiegen ist, benötigt man dafür eine Unterteilung des Gasraums des Abschreckbehälters in wenigstens zwei Abteile, die durch eine in das Abschreckmedium eintauchende Wand voneinander getrennt sind, nämlich ein Abteil (die Ansaugkammer) in welche das Gas aus dem Fallschacht angesaugt und vom Treibmittelstrahl mitgerissen wird, und ein zweites Abteil (die Gassammelkammer) in welche hinein die von den kondensierbaren Bestandteilen befreiten Gasblasen aus dem Abschreckmedium aufsteigen und von welcher die Entlüftungsleitung ausgeht. Diese beiden Abteile sind vorzugsweise Bestandteile ein und derselben Glocke, die zu diesem Zweck eine senkrechte Trennwand hat, die in das Abschreckmedium eintaucht. Die Treibmittelpumpe und die Glocke sind vorzugsweise schwimmend angeordnet, so dass die Druckverhältnisse in den Abteilen der Glocke sowie bei eintauchender Treibmittelpumpe der an ihrer Ausströmöffnung anstehende Gegendruck unabhängig vom Füllstand im Abschreckbehälter sind.It is also possible for the jet of propellant to emerge from a nozzle above the bath level in the container and to have it strike the surface of the quenching medium contained therein. The jet then penetrates into the quenching medium with entrainment of components of the extracted gas and generates a high degree of turbulence in the quenching medium, which is favorable for condensation of the condensable components. So that only gas that is entrained by the propellant jet into the quench bath and has risen again from it is discharged via the vent line, this requires a subdivision of the gas space of the quenching container into at least two compartments, which are separated from each other by a wall immersed in the quenching medium, namely one compartment (the suction chamber) into which the gas is sucked out of the chute and entrained by the propellant jet, and a second Compartment (the gas collection chamber) into which the gas bubbles freed from the condensable constituents rise from the quenching medium and from which the ventilation line originates. These two compartments are preferably components of one and the same bell, which for this purpose has a vertical partition which is immersed in the quenching medium. The propellant pump and the bell are preferably arranged in a floating manner, so that the pressure conditions in the compartments of the bell and, when the propellant pump is immersed, the counterpressure present at their outflow opening is independent of the fill level in the quenching container.

Es ist aber auch möglich, unter der Glocke einen Boden vorzusehen, der sich unterhalb des gesamten Abteils, in welchem der Strahl der Treibmittelpumpe in das Abschreckmedium eindringt, und unterhalb des angrenzenden Bereichs des benachbarten Abteils erstreckt, und von dem eine Trennwand aufragt, welche dieses benachbarte Abteil unterteilt und einen Überlauf bildet, der oberhalb des Badspiegels liegt, welcher ausserhalb der Glocke gegeben ist. Auf diese Weise hat man im Bereich der Strahlpumpe stets ein gleichbleibendes Niveau des Abschreckmediums, selbst wenn dessen Niveau ausserhalb der Glocke schwanken sollte.However, it is also possible to provide a floor under the bell, which extends below the entire compartment, in which the jet of the propellant pump penetrates the quenching medium, and below the adjacent region of the adjacent compartment, and from which a partition protrudes, which this adjacent compartment divided and forms an overflow, which is above the bath level, which is given outside the bell. In this way, the level of the quenching medium is always constant in the area of the jet pump, even if its level fluctuates outside the bell.

Für den Betrieb der Treibmittelpumpe benötigt man eine Umwälzpumpe, welche Abschreckmedium aus dem Abschreckbehälter ansaugt und in die Treibmittelpumpe einspeist. Die Absaugleistung (den Durchsatz des abgesaugten Gases) kann man durch entsprechende Einstellung bzw. Regelung der Umwälzpumpe einstellen bzw. regeln. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Einstellung der Absaugleistung besteht darin, dass man einen Teil des abgesaugten und von kondensierbaren Anteilen befreiten Gases in den Fallschacht zurückführt, und zwar vorzugsweise an einer Stelle, welche der Saugöffnung der Saugleitung gegenüberliegt, so dass im Fallschacht eine Querströmung entsteht. Das hat nicht nur den Vorteil, dass der Verbrauch an Schutzgas bzw. Reaktionsgas vermindert wird, sondern auch den, dass die Wirksamkeit der Absaugung besser und gleichmässiger ist als ohne eine solche Querströmung.A circulating pump is required to operate the propellant pump, which draws quenching medium out of the quenching container and feeds it into the propellant pump. The extraction capacity (the throughput of the extracted gas) can be set or regulated by setting or regulating the circulation pump accordingly. A particularly advantageous way of adjusting the suction power is to return a portion of the gas that has been extracted and freed of condensable constituents to the chute, preferably at a point opposite the suction opening of the suction line, so that a crossflow occurs in the chute. This not only has the advantage that the consumption of protective gas or reaction gas is reduced, but also that the effectiveness of the suction is better and more uniform than without such a cross flow.

Um die Leitungen, in denen das Abschreckmedium umgepumpt wird, möglichst kurz zu halten, wird die Treibmittelpumpe vorzugsweise dicht bei dem Fallschacht angeordnet, insbesondere zusammen mit der Glocke direkt am Fallschacht installiert.In order to keep the lines in which the quenching medium is pumped as short as possible, the propellant pump is preferably arranged close to the chute, in particular installed directly on the chute together with the bell.

Unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer besonders kurzen Leitungsführung ist es besonders günstig, wenn die Ansaugseite der Treibmittelpumpe unmittelbar an der Absaugöffnung für die Dämpfe in der Wand des Fallschachtes liegt, denn dann ist der zur Ansaugseite der Treibmittelpumpe führende Strömungsweg so kurz wie möglich und bietet praktisch keine Gelegenheit für störende Ablagerungen, zumal die Umgebung des Fallschachtes ohnehin heiß ist, so dass die kondensierbaren Bestandteile, solange die Wärmbehandlungsanlage in Betrieb ist, nicht so weit abgekühlt werden, dass sie sich verfestigen. Das aus dem Fallschacht abgesaugte Gas wird, nachdem die kondensierbaren Bestandteile im Gaswäscher auskondensiert sind, wenigstens teilweise in den Fallschacht zurückgeführt, wozu vorzugsweise ein dem Fallschacht eng anliegender Kanal vorgesehen ist, wodurch einerseits das Gas warmgehalten und andererseits ein kompakter Aufbau erzielt wird.From the point of view of a particularly short line routing, it is particularly advantageous if the suction side of the propellant pump is located directly at the suction opening for the vapors in the wall of the chute, because then the flow path leading to the suction side of the propellant pump is as short as possible and offers practically no opportunity for annoying deposits, especially since the surroundings of the chute are hot anyway, so that the condensable components, as long as the heat treatment system is in operation, are not cooled to such an extent that they solidify. After the condensable constituents have been condensed out in the gas scrubber, the gas extracted from the chute is at least partially returned to the chute, for which purpose a duct which is close to the chute is preferably provided, on the one hand keeping the gas warm and on the other hand achieving a compact structure.

Anstatt den Behälter, in welchem die wärmebehandelten Metallteile abgeschreckt werden, als Gaswäscher zu verwenden, kann man den Gaswäscher auch oberhalb des Spiegels, den das Abschreckmedium in dem Behälter bildet, anordnen. Auch diese Maßnahme trägt zu einer extrem kurzen Leitungsführung bei. In diesem Fall verwendet man als Gaswäscher bevorzugt einen Durchlaufbehälter, durch welchen nicht nur das zu waschende Gas hindurchströmt, sondern auch das als Treibmittel für die Treibmittelpumpe verwendete Abschreckmedium, welches im freien Fall aus dem Durchlaufbehälter in den Abschreckbehälter zurückgeführt werden kann. Vorzugsweise verbindet man die Ablauföffnung des Durchlaufbehälters mit dem Inneren des Fallschachtes, und zwar zur Bildung des bereits erwähnten Schleiers, der verhindern soll, dass sich das Abschreckmedium im Fallschacht durch die hereinfallenden heißen Metallteile zu stark erwärmt. Auf diese Weise wird die Strahlpumpe doppelt ausgenutzt: Einerseits zum Absaugen der Dämpfe aus dem Fallschacht und zum andern zum Zuführen von Abschreckmedium zur Bildung des Schleiers im Fallschacht. Um in dem als Durchlaufbehälter ausgebildeten Gaswäscher für den Vorgang der Gaswäsche gleichbleibende Bedingungen zu haben, ist dieser vorzugsweise unterteilt in eine Überlaufkammer, in welche der Strahl der Treibmittelpumpe eintritt, und in eine Auslaufkammer, in welche die Überlaufkammer überläuft und welche die genannte Ablauföffnung hat, aus welcher der Schleier gespeist werden kann. In der Überlaufkammer hat man auf diese Weise ein gleichbleibendes Niveau des Abschreckmediums.Instead of using the container in which the heat-treated metal parts are quenched as a gas scrubber, the gas scrubber can also be arranged above the level which the quenching medium forms in the container. This measure also contributes to extremely short cable routing. In this case, the gas scrubber is preferably a continuous tank through which not only the gas to be washed flows, but also the quenching medium used as the blowing agent for the propellant pump, which can be returned in free fall from the continuous tank to the quenching tank. Preferably, the drain opening of the flow container is connected to the inside of the chute, to form the veil already mentioned, which is intended to prevent the quenching medium in the chute from being excessively heated by the hot metal parts falling into it. In this way, the jet pump is used twice: on the one hand to extract the vapors from the chute and on the other hand to supply quenching medium to form the veil in the chute. In order to have constant conditions for the gas scrubbing process in the gas scrubber designed as a flow container, this is preferably divided into an overflow chamber, into which the jet of the propellant pump enters and into an outlet chamber into which the overflow chamber overflows and which has the named outlet opening from which the veil can be fed. In this way, the quench medium has a constant level in the overflow chamber.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind schematisch in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt.

Figur 1
zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von erwärmten Metallteilen in einem Vertikalschnitt,
Figur 2
zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von erwärmten Metallteilen in einem Vertikalschnitt wie in Figur 1,
Figur 3
zeigt ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von erwärmten Metallteilen in einem Vertikalschnitt wie in Figur 2 mit einer im Vergleich zu Figur 2 abgewandelten Glocke mit Treibmittelpumpe,
Figur 4
zeigt ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von erwärmten Metallteilen in einem Vertikalschnitt wie in Figur 2 mit einer im Vergleich zu Figur 2 abgewandelten Glocke mit Treibmittelpumpe,
Figur 5
zeigt von einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel eine kompakte Anordnung aus einem Fallschacht, einer Treibmittelpumpe und einem Gaswäscher in einem Vertikalschnitt, und
Figur 6
zeigt den entlang der Schnittlinie VI-VI gelegten waagerechten Schnitt durch die Vorrichtung aus Figur 5.
Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1
1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device for quenching heated metal parts in a vertical section,
Figure 2
1 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device for quenching heated metal parts in a vertical section as in FIG. 1,
Figure 3
2 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a device for quenching heated metal parts in a vertical section as in FIG. 2 with a bell with a propellant pump which is modified in comparison with FIG. 2,
Figure 4
2 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device for quenching heated metal parts in a vertical section as in FIG. 2 with a bell with propellant pump which is modified in comparison with FIG. 2,
Figure 5
shows a fifth embodiment of a compact arrangement of a chute, a propellant pump and a gas scrubber in a vertical section, and
Figure 6
shows the horizontal section taken along the section line VI-VI through the device of Figure 5.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Behälter 1, in welchem sich ein flüssiges Abschreckmedium 2 befindet. Der Behälter 1 ist durch einen Deckel 3 abgedeckt. Oberhalb des Behälters 1 befindet sich der hintere Abschnitt eines Wärmebehandlungsofens 4; der Aufbau des Wärmebehandlungsofens ist nicht Gegenstand der Patentanmeldung und deshalb sind keine Details des Ofens dargestellt. Vom Ofen 4 führt ein Fallschacht 5 durch den Deckel 3 hindurch in den Behälter 1 und mündet unterhalb des Spiegels 6 des Abschreckmediums. Dicht oberhalb des Deckels 3 ist der Fallschacht 5 von einem Ringkanal 7 umgeben, der über einen umlaufenden Schlitz 8 Verbindung mit dem Inneren des Fallschachtes 5 hat. Mittels einer Umwälzpumpe 9, welche in das Abschreckmedium 2 eintaucht, wird der Ringkanal 7 über eine Leitung 10, in welcher zwei Ventile 11 und 12 liegen, mit flüssigem Abschreckmedium versorgt, welches sich in Form eines Schleiers 13 in den Fallschacht ergießt.FIG. 1 shows a container 1 in which a liquid quenching medium 2 is located. The container 1 is covered by a lid 3. Above the container 1 is the rear section of a heat treatment furnace 4; the structure of the heat treatment furnace is not the subject of the patent application and therefore no details of the furnace are shown. From the furnace 4, a chute 5 leads through the lid 3 into the container 1 and opens below the level 6 of the quenching medium. The drop chute 5 is surrounded by an annular channel 7 just above the cover 3 and has a connection with the interior of the drop shaft 5 via a circumferential slot 8. By means of a circulating pump 9, which is immersed in the quenching medium 2, the ring channel 7 is supplied with liquid quenching medium via a line 10, in which two valves 11 and 12 are located, which liquid is poured into the chute in the form of a veil 13.

Unter dem Deckel 3 ist eine Glocke 14 auf dem Abschreckmedium 2 schwimmend aufgehängt. An der Aussenseite der Glocke 14 ist eine Treibmittelpumpe (Strahlpumpe) 15 befestigt, welche über eine von der Leitung 10 abzweigende Zweigleitung 16 mit schnell strömendem Abschreckmedium als Treibmittel gespeist wird. In eine Taille des Strahlpumpengehäuses mündet eine Saugleitung 17, welche oberhalb der Öffnungen 8 vom Fallschacht 5 ausgeht. Das Strahlrohr der Treibmittelpumpe 15 mündet im Abschreckmedium 2 unterhalb der Glocke 14. Von der Glocke 14 führt eine Entlüftungsleitung 18 als Steigleitung, in welcher ein Ventil 19 sowie ein Magnetventil 19a liegt, nach oben durch den Deckel 3 hindurch aus dem Behälter 1 hinaus. Zwischen dem Einlaß der Entlüftungsleitung 18 und dem Spiegel 6 des Abschreckmediums ist noch eine Schikane 20 vorgesehen. Das Magnetventil 19a ist mit einem Ventilschaltzünder gekoppelt, und öffnet erst, nachdem dessen Zündflamme brennt.Under the cover 3, a bell 14 is suspended floating on the quenching medium 2. A propellant pump (jet pump) 15 is fastened to the outside of the bell 14 and is fed with a rapidly flowing quenching medium as a propellant via a branch line 16 branching off the line 10. A suction line 17 opens into a waist of the jet pump housing and extends from the chute 5 above the openings 8. The jet pipe of the propellant pump 15 opens into the quenching medium 2 below the bell 14. From the bell 14, a ventilation line 18 leads as a riser pipe, in which a valve 19 and a solenoid valve 19a is located, upwards through the cover 3 out of the container 1. A chicane 20 is also provided between the inlet of the vent line 18 and the mirror 6 of the quenching medium. The solenoid valve 19a is coupled to a valve switch igniter and only opens when after its pilot light burns.

Von der Entlüftungsleitung 18 führt eine Zweigleitung 21, in welcher ein Stellventil 21a liegt, zum Fallschacht 5 und mündet in diesen an einer Stelle 22, welche der Eintrittsöffnung 23 der Saugleitung 17 gegenüberliegt. Am Verzweigungspunkt 24 der Leitungen 18 und 21 kann über eine weitere Leitung 25, in welcher ein Stellventil 26 liegt, ein Hilfsgas, z.B. Stickstoff, eingespeist werden.A branch line 21, in which a control valve 21a is located, leads from the vent line 18 to the chute 5 and opens into the latter at a point 22 which is opposite the inlet opening 23 of the suction line 17. At the branching point 24 of the lines 18 and 21, an auxiliary gas, e.g. Nitrogen.

Die Vorrichtung arbeitet folgendermaßen:
Aus dem Ofen 4 durch den Fallschacht 5 in den Behälter 1 fallende heiße Metallteile bewirken insbesondere, während sie durch den Schleier 13 hindurchfallen, dass eine gewisse Menge des Abschreckmediums verdampft. Die aufsteigenden Dämpfe werden durch die Saugleitung 17 abgesaugt, wobei die Absaugung unterstützt wird durch eine sich ausbildende Querströmung zwischen der Mündung der Leitung 21 und der Ansaugöffnung 23. Das durch die Strahlpumpe 15 angesaugte Gas vermischt sich mit dem Treibmittelstrahl, der den unteren Rand 34 der abgeknickten Wand 30 der Glocke 14 unterquert und in den Bereich unter der Glocke 14 gelangt. Mitgerissene Gasblasen 27 steigen im Abschreckmedium 2 hoch, wobei die kondensierbaren Bestandteile (Dämpfe des Abschreckmediums) kondensieren, wohingegen die aus dem Schutzgas bzw. Reaktionsgas des Ofens 4 stammenden nichtkondensierbaren Bestandteile durch die Schikane 20 in die Entlüftungsleitung 18 eintreten, teilweise über die Leitung 21 in den Fallschacht 5 zurückgeführt und teilweise abgefackelt werden. Nach Bedarf kann über die Leitung 25 ein Hilfsgas wie Stickstoff eingeleitet werden, um die gesamte Einrichtung vor Inbetriebnahme zu spülen, so dass sich kein explosives Gas bilden kann.
The device works as follows:
Hot metal parts falling out of the furnace 4 through the chute 5 into the container 1, in particular while they are falling through the veil 13, cause a certain amount of the quenching medium to evaporate. The rising vapors are sucked off through the suction line 17, the suction being supported by a cross flow which forms between the mouth of the line 21 and the suction opening 23. The gas sucked in by the jet pump 15 mixes with the propellant jet which flows through the lower edge 34 of the bent wall 30 passes under the bell 14 and reaches the area under the bell 14. Entrained gas bubbles 27 rise in the quenching medium 2, the condensable constituents (vapors of the quenching medium) condensing, whereas the non-condensable constituents originating from the protective gas or reaction gas of the furnace 4 enter the ventilation line 18 through the chicane 20, partly via the line 21 in the chute 5 can be returned and partially flared. If necessary, an auxiliary gas such as nitrogen can be introduced via line 25 in order to purge the entire device before start-up, so that no explosive gas can form.

Die Absaugleistung kann eingestellt werden über die Drehzahl der Umwälzpumpe 9, über die Stellung der Ventile 11 und 12 sowie über die Stellung der Stellventile 19 und 22. In den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen sind Teile, die Teilen des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels gleichen oder entsprechen mit denselben Bezugszahlen bezeichnet.The suction power can be set via the speed of the circulation pump 9, via the position of the valves 11 and 12 and the position of the control valves 19 and 22. In the following exemplary embodiments, parts that are the same as or correspond to parts of the first exemplary embodiment are identified by the same reference numerals.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 1 lediglich in der Ausbildung der Glocke 14 und der Strahlpumpe 15. Die Glocke 14 ist vergrößert und durch eine von oben nach unten verlaufende und unterhalb des Spiegels 6 endende Trennwand 30 in zwei Abteile 31 und 32 unterteilt. Das Abteil 31 ist Bestandteil der Treibmittelpumpe 15. Die Treibmittelleitung 16 mündet mit einer Düse 33 in das Abteil 31, welches als Saugkammer dient. Die Düse 33 ist schräg in den Bereich unterhalb der entsprechend schräg abgeknickten Trennwand 30 gerichtet, liegt aber oberhalb des Spiegels 6. Der schräg auf die Oberfläche des Abschreckmediums 2 auftreffende Treibmittelstrahl reißt Bestandteile des Gases mit, welches durch die in das Abteil 31 einmündende Leitung 17 vom Fallschacht 5 herangeführt wird und treibt es in Gestalt von Blasen 27 unter dem Rand 34 der abgeknickten Trennwand 30 hindurch in den Bereich unter dem Abteil 32, welches als Gassammelkammer dient. Von hier aus steigt das Gas durch die Schikane 20 in die Entlüftungsleitung 18.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 only in the design of the bell 14 and the jet pump 15. The bell 14 is enlarged and divided into two compartments 31 by a partition wall 30 that runs from top to bottom and ends below the mirror 6 32 divided. The compartment 31 is part of the propellant pump 15. The propellant line 16 opens into the compartment 31 with a nozzle 33, which serves as a suction chamber. The nozzle 33 is directed obliquely into the area below the correspondingly bent partition 30, but lies above the mirror 6. The propellant jet, which strikes the surface of the quenching medium 2, entrains constituents of the gas which pass through the line 17 opening into the compartment 31 is brought up from the chute 5 and drives it in the form of bubbles 27 under the edge 34 of the bent partition 30 into the area below the compartment 32, which serves as a gas collection chamber. From here, the gas rises through the baffle 20 into the vent line 18.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 3 unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 2 darin, dass in die Trennwand 30 ein Rohr 35 eingeschweißt ist, dessen eines Ende oberhalb des Spiegels 6 im Abteil 31 liegt und dessen anderes Ende unterhalb des Spiegels 6 unter dem Abteil 32 liegt. Der Treibmittelstrahl (37), der aus der Düse 33 austritt, ist genau in das Rohr 35 gerichtet. Das Rohr sorgt für einen wirksameren Übertritt des Gases vom Abteil 31 in das Abteil 32. Sich einstellende Niveauunterschiede werden ausgeglichen durch Öffnungen 36 im Rohr 35 unterhalb des Spiegels 6. Mit dieser Einrichtung können gleichzeitig mehrere solcher Treibmittelpumpen nebeneinander angeordnet betrieben werden, was eine hohe Absaugleistung ermöglicht.The embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that a tube 35 is welded into the partition 30, one end of which is above the mirror 6 in the compartment 31 and the other end of which is below the mirror 6 below the compartment 32. Of the Blowing agent jet (37), which emerges from the nozzle 33, is directed precisely into the tube 35. The tube ensures a more effective transfer of the gas from compartment 31 to compartment 32. Level differences which arise are compensated for by openings 36 in tube 35 below the mirror 6. With this device, a plurality of such propellant pumps can be operated at the same time, which results in a high suction capacity enables.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 4 unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 2 darin, dass die Glocke 14 einen Boden 40 hat, der sich mit Abstand vom unteren Rand 34 der Trennwand 30 unterhalb des gesamten Abteils 31 und eines daran angrenzenden Bereichs des Abteils 32 erstreckt. Auf dem Boden 40 steht eine Trennwand 41, welche unterhalb der Schikane 20, aber oberhalb des sich ausserhalb der Glocke 14 einstellenden Badspiegels 6 endet. Auf diese Weise steigt der Spiegel oberhalb des Bodens 40 bis zum oberen Rand der Trennwand 41 an, welche einen Überlauf bildet. Der Spiegel des Abschreckmediums oberhalb des Bodens 40 ist deshalb unabhängig von Schwankungen des Spiegels 6 auf gleichbleibendem Niveau, wodurch die Bedingungen für den Flüssigkeitsstrahl und den Gastransport stets gleich bleiben.The embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that the bell 14 has a bottom 40 which extends at a distance from the lower edge 34 of the partition 30 below the entire compartment 31 and an area of the compartment 32 adjoining it. On the floor 40 there is a partition 41, which ends below the chicane 20, but above the bath level 6 that appears outside the bell 14. In this way, the mirror rises above the floor 40 to the upper edge of the partition 41, which forms an overflow. The level of the quenching medium above the bottom 40 is therefore independent of fluctuations in the level 6 at a constant level, as a result of which the conditions for the liquid jet and the gas transport always remain the same.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss den Figuren 5 und 6 unterscheidet sich von den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen im wesentlichen darin, dass der Fallschacht 5, die Strahlpumpe 15 und ein Gaswäscher 50 zu einer sehr kompakten Baugruppe zusammengefügt sind. Der Fallschacht 5 dieser Baugruppe taucht wie in den vorhergehenden Beispielen in einen Behälter 1 ein, in welchem sich das flüssige Abschreckmedium 2 mit einem Spiegel 6 in vorgegebener Höhe befindet (siehe Figuren 1 bis 4). Die in Figuren 1 bis 4 dargestellte Glocke wird im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss den Figuren 5 und 6 ersichtlich nicht mehr benötigt.The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the previous exemplary embodiments essentially in that the chute 5, the jet pump 15 and a gas washer 50 are combined to form a very compact assembly. As in the previous examples, the chute 5 of this assembly is immersed in a container 1 in which the liquid quenching medium 2 with a mirror 6 is located at a predetermined height (see FIGS. 1 to 4). The bell shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is evidently no longer required in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6.

Der Gaswäscher 50 ist ein Durchlaufbehälter, welcher den Fallschacht 5 eng umgibt. Der Gaswäscher ist durch eine Trennwand 51 unterteilt in eine Überlaufkammer 52 und eine Auslaufkammer 53, welche als Ablauföffnungen zwei einander gegenüberliegende Folgen von Schlitzen 8 hat, welche in den Fallschacht 5 münden, der aus zwei Abschnitten besteht, die über eine Flüssigkeitsdichtung 59, eine sogenannte Wassertasse, miteinander verbunden sind.The gas washer 50 is a continuous container which closely surrounds the chute 5. The gas washer is divided by a partition 51 into an overflow chamber 52 and an outlet chamber 53, which has two opposing sequences of slots 8 as outlet openings, which open into the chute 5, which consists of two sections, which have a liquid seal 59, a so-called Water cup, are interconnected.

Oberhalb der Schlitze 8 liegen in der einen Wand des im Querschnitt rechteckigen Fallschachtes 5 Schlitze 22 und etwas höher in der gegenüberliegenden Wand Schlitze 23, von denen die zuletzt genannten in eine Ansaugkammer 54 münden, in welcher sich die Saugseite von zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Strahlpumpen 15 befindet, welche über eine Zuleitung 16 mit flüssigem Abschreckmedium gespeist werden, beispielsweise durch die in den Figuren 1 bis 4 dargestellte Pumpe 9. Der Strahl 37 der Strahlpumpen 15 ist in ein Tauchrohr 35 gerichtet, welches in der Überlaufkammer 52 in das dort bis zur Oberkante der Trennwand 51 stehende Abschreckmedium eintaucht. Die Strahlpumpe 15 saugt durch die Schlitze 23 mit dampfförmigem Abschreckmedium beladenes Gas an, welches in der Überlaufkammer 52 gewaschen wird, wobei das dampfförmige Abschreckmedium kondensiert und das nicht kondensierte Gas in Form von Blasen 27 hochsteigt und sich über dem Spiegel des Abschreckmediums im Gaswäscher sammelt. Dieser Raum über dem Spiegel im Gaswäscher ist durch eine Trennwand 55 unterteilt in einen Druckraum 56 und eine Ausströmkammer 57, welche über die Schlitze 43 Verbindung hat mit dem Innern des Fallschachtes 5. Druckkammer 56 und Ausströmkammer 57 sind durch einen Druckausgleichskanal 58 miteinander verbunden. Mithin nimmt der von den Strahlpumpen 15 erzeugte Gasstrom den Weg von den Schlitzen 23 über die Strahlpumpen 15, die Druckkammer 56, den Druckausgleichskanal 58, die Ausströmkammer 57 und die Schlitze 22 zurück in den Fallschacht 5, in welchem auf diese Weise zwischen den Schlitzen 22 und 23 eine Querströmung erzeugt wird.Above the slots 8 there are slots 22 in one wall of the chute 5, which is rectangular in cross section, and slightly higher in the opposite wall, slots 23, the latter of which open into a suction chamber 54 in which the suction side of two jet pumps 15 arranged next to one another is located , which are fed via a feed line 16 with liquid quenching medium, for example by the pump 9 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. The jet 37 of the jet pumps 15 is directed into an immersion tube 35, which in the overflow chamber 52 into the upper edge of the Partition 51 immersed quenching medium. The jet pump 15 draws gas loaded with vaporous quenching medium through the slots 23, which is washed in the overflow chamber 52, the vaporous quenching medium condensing and the uncondensed gas rising in the form of bubbles 27 and collecting in the gas scrubber above the level of the quenching medium. This space above the mirror in the gas scrubber is divided by a partition 55 into a pressure chamber 56 and an outflow chamber 57, which has a connection via the slots 43 to the inside of the chute 5. The pressure chamber 56 and outflow chamber 57 are connected to one another by a pressure compensation channel 58. Thus, the gas flow generated by the jet pumps 15 takes the Away from the slots 23 via the jet pumps 15, the pressure chamber 56, the pressure compensation channel 58, the outflow chamber 57 and the slots 22 back into the chute 5, in which a cross flow is generated in this way between the slots 22 and 23.

Das von den Strahlpumpen 15 in die Überlaufkammer 52 eingeleitete Abschreckmedium fließt über die Trennwand 51 in die Auslaßkammer 53 und von dort durch die Schlitze 8 als Schleier 13 in den Fallschacht 5. Dabei sind die Leitungswege so kurz, dass Betriebsstörungen aufgrund von schädlichen Ablagerungen nicht mehr zu befürchten sind.The quenching medium introduced by the jet pumps 15 into the overflow chamber 52 flows via the partition 51 into the outlet chamber 53 and from there through the slits 8 into the chute 5 as a veil 13. The conduction paths are so short that malfunctions due to harmful deposits no longer occur are to be feared.

Da die abgesaugten Gase in den Fallschacht 5 zurückgeführt werden, ist eine Leitung 18 zum Abfackeln, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, entbehrlich.Since the extracted gases are returned to the chute 5, a line 18 for flaring, as shown in FIG. 1, is unnecessary.

Claims (19)

  1. An apparatus for quenching heated metal parts,
    having a container (1), which is provided with a cover (3), for receiving a quenching medium (2),
    having a chute (5) which comes from a furnace (4) and opens into the container (1),
    and having a device for drawing vapours of the quenching medium out of the chute (5) by suction by means of a pump (15) whereof the suction side is connected to the interior of the chute (5), characterized in that the pump (15) is a fluid entrainment pump which operates with the quenching medium as the working fluid,
    and in that there is arranged in the flow path downstream of the fluid entrainment pump (15) a gas washer (1) which contains the quenching medium (2) as the washing liquid.
  2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the container (1) is the gas washer.
  3. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a suction line (17) is provided for connecting the suction side of the fluid entrainment pump (15) to the interior of the chute (5), and in that this suction line is a pipe without fittings.
  4. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outflow opening of the fluid entrainment pump (15) lies below the level (6) of the quenching medium (2), and the latter has an aeration line (18) leading out of the gas space above the level (6).
  5. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the gas which is removed by suction and washed is recycled and is introduced into the chute (5) at a point (22) opposite the suction removal opening (23).
  6. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with Claim 2, characterized in that, for collecting the gas which rises out of the quenching medium (2), there is provided a bell-type receptacle (14) whereof the edge dips into the quenching medium and from which an aeration line (18) leads out of the container (1).
  7. An apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the bell-type receptacle (14) is divided by a partition wall (30) into two mutually adjacent compartments (31, 32), of which one (31) is part of the fluid entrainment pump (15) and contains the orifice of the suction line (17) and of which the other (32) is connected to the aeration line (18).
  8. An apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the jet of the fluid entrainment pump (15) is directed obliquely downwards, with the result that it just passes under the lower edge of the bell-type receptacle (14) and its partition wall (30).
  9. An apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the jet of the fluid entrainment pump (15) is directed into a pipe (35) which opens out below the level (6) of the quenching medium (2) into the bell-type receptacle (14) or its compartment (32) connected to the aeration line (18).
  10. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid entrainment pump (15) and where appropriate also the bell-type receptacle (14) is or are mounted to be floating.
  11. An apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the bell-type receptacle (14) has a base (40) which extends, at a spacing from the partition wall (30), below the entire one compartment (31) and below an adjoining region of the other compartment (32) and from which there extends upwards a further partition wall (41) which divides this other compartment (32) and forms an overflow lying above the level (6) of the quenching medium (2) provided outside the bell-type receptacle (14).
  12. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid entrainment pump (15) is arranged close to the chute (5), in particular is installed directly on the chute (5).
  13. An apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that the inlet suction side of the fluid entrainment pump (15) lies directly at the suction removal opening (23) in the wall of the chute (5).
  14. An apparatus according to Claim 5 and 12 or 13, characterized in that, for recycling the gas, a channel (56-58) which bears closely against the chute (5) is provided.
  15. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gas washer (50) is a through-flow container for the quenching medium and is arranged above the level (6) of the quenching medium provided according to specification within the container (1).
  16. An apparatus according to Claim 15, characterized in that the drainage opening (8) is connected to the interior of the chute (5).
  17. An apparatus according to Claim 16, characterized in that the drainage opening (8) lies in the wall of the chute (5) and at least partially surrounds the latter in the form of a slot or a series of slots or bores.
  18. An apparatus according to Claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the gas washer (50) is mounted on the chute (5).
  19. An apparatus according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the through-flow container (50) has an overflow chamber (52) which is entered by the jet (37) of the fluid entrainment pump (15) and has an outflow chamber (53) into which the overflow chamber (52) overflows and which has the said drainage opening (8).
EP92110217A 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Apparatus for quenching heated metal workpieces comprising a device for extracting fumes Expired - Lifetime EP0519422B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4119863 1991-06-17
DE4119863A DE4119863C2 (en) 1991-06-17 1991-06-17 Device for quenching heated metal parts with a device for extracting vapors

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519422A2 EP0519422A2 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519422A3 EP0519422A3 (en) 1994-07-13
EP0519422B1 true EP0519422B1 (en) 1995-12-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92110217A Expired - Lifetime EP0519422B1 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Apparatus for quenching heated metal workpieces comprising a device for extracting fumes

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EP (1) EP0519422B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4119863C2 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB890125A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-02-28 Wild Barfield Electr Furnaces Improvements in metallurgical heat-treatment furnaces
US3272489A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-09-13 Pacific Scientific Co Heat treating furnace with removable helical insert
DE1972953U (en) * 1967-08-12 1967-11-23 Matthias Ludwig Industrieofenb DEVICE FOR THE COOLING OF IN PARTICULAR METALLIC OBJECTS IN OIL.
US3650853A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-03-21 Multifastener Corp Heat treating method
DE4035155C2 (en) * 1990-09-14 1993-12-02 Kohnle W Waermebehandlung Plant for tempering small parts made of metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0519422A2 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519422A3 (en) 1994-07-13
DE59204803D1 (en) 1996-02-08
DE4119863A1 (en) 1992-12-24
DE4119863C2 (en) 1995-06-14

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