EP0518877A1 - Andrehvorrichtung in kompaktbauweise. - Google Patents
Andrehvorrichtung in kompaktbauweise.Info
- Publication number
- EP0518877A1 EP0518877A1 EP91903881A EP91903881A EP0518877A1 EP 0518877 A1 EP0518877 A1 EP 0518877A1 EP 91903881 A EP91903881 A EP 91903881A EP 91903881 A EP91903881 A EP 91903881A EP 0518877 A1 EP0518877 A1 EP 0518877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- output shaft
- starting device
- housing
- rotor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
- F02N15/023—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch of the overrunning type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
- F02N15/043—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer
- F02N15/046—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer of the planetary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
- F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/13—Machine starters
- Y10T74/131—Automatic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/13—Machine starters
- Y10T74/131—Automatic
- Y10T74/137—Reduction gearing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a starting device, in particular a freely ejecting starting device, with an electric motor, the rotor of which drives an output shaft having a pinion for driving a ring gear of an internal combustion engine via a freewheel countershaft, the end region of the output shaft carrying the pinion in one End wall of the housing is mounted (DE-OS 39 08 870).
- Such turning devices are used to start the vehicle internal combustion engines.
- a knurling of the starter device tracks into a ring gear of the internal combustion engine.
- an output shaft carrying it is axially displaceably mounted.
- the pinion spurts out of the ring gear again, whereby the output shaft returns to its original position.
- the Axic_ The output shaft is preferably moved, among other things, by a steep thread.
- a freewheeling device is provided which effects torque transmission in one direction of rotation and decoupling in the other direction of rotation, so that after starting the internal combustion engine it is possible to "overtake" the starter device, thereby allowing it to disengage the pinion comes.
- the starting device according to the invention with the features mentioned in the main claim has the advantage that a short and light construction can be achieved.
- the output shaft is mounted via a first bearing in a central opening of an outer ring of the freewheel device.
- the outer surface of the freewheel outer ring is supported by a second bearing on the housing of the starting device.
- the associated end of a rotor shaft of the starter rotor is mounted on the end region of the output shaft located in the interior of the housing via a third bearing.
- This construction according to the invention thus leads to the output shaft being mounted in a stationary manner via the freewheel outer ring in the interior of the housing, an end region of the output shaft simultaneously being a bearing point for the correspondingly facing end of the starter rotor is formed.
- This configuration enables a compact and simple construction, since the number of bearing points which are supported directly on the housing of the starting device is reduced.
- the first bearing is designed as a radial bearing, in particular as a roller bearing. It can preferably be a needle bearing.
- the second bearing absorbs radial forces on the one hand, but also axial forces on the other, that is to say it is designed as an axial bearing, as a result of which the freewheel outer ring is axially fixed.
- it can be designed as a roller bearing, preferably as a ball bearing, in particular as a deep groove ball bearing.
- the third bearing is in turn a radial bearing, which is in particular a roller bearing.
- the roller bearing can be designed as a needle bearing.
- the rotor shaft has an axial receiving bore in which the third bearing is arranged and into which the output shaft protrudes with its end.
- the rotor shaft and the output shaft therefore run coaxially with one another, with the engagement of the output shaft in the receiving bore of the rotor shaft resulting in "nesting", which contributes to the small overall length of the starting device according to the invention.
- the other end region of the rotor shaft is in a first opening in a rear end wall of the housing arranged fourth bearing, in particular needle bearings.
- the rotor shaft is thus mounted in its end areas.
- a fifth bearing is provided, which is designed in particular as a cylindrical roller bearing. This is arranged in a second opening in the front end wall of the housing, which is diametrically opposite the first opening.
- the fifth bearing guides the end region of the output shaft emerging from the housing, on which the already mentioned pinion is arranged.
- the freewheel outer ring is designed as a stepped bearing sleeve with two circular cross sections of different sizes. Rolling elements of the freewheel device engage on the inner surface of the larger-diameter section of the bearing sleeve.
- the second bearing is arranged on the lateral surface of the section of the bearing sleeve which is smaller in diameter.
- the central opening of the freewheel outer ring is limited by the inner wall of the smaller-diameter section of the bearing sleeve. This results in an arrangement of the first bearing received in this central opening at approximately the same height as the second bearing. Radial forces are thus discharged directly, that is, in a short way into the housing of the starter. This training also contributes to a short and smooth construction.
- the starter device is designed as a gear starter
- the freewheel outer ring is connected to a planet carrier, on which preferably several planet gears are mounted, which mesh with a ring gear fixed to the housing and with a sun gear driven by the starter rotor.
- This configuration allows the transmission between the direct current motor having the starter rotor and the output shaft to be realized in a very small space.
- the sun gear can be formed on the outer surface of the rotor shaft.
- an inner ring cooperating with the rolling elements of the freewheel device is provided, which engages with thread projections in a steep thread of the output shaft.
- the figure shows a longitudinal section through a turning device 1.
- This has a housing 2, in which a DC motor 3 and an engagement relay 4 are accommodated.
- the DC motor 3 has a rotor 5, which acts on an output shaft 6, on the end 7 of which a pinion 8 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the pinion 8 advances into the position 9 shown in broken lines in the figure, and in the process engages in a ring gear 10 of the internal combustion engine.
- the engagement of relay 4 causes the pinion to move axially to position 9. This will be discussed in more detail below.
- the rotor 5 is provided with a commutator 11, to the segments 12 of which a rotor winding 13 is connected.
- the commutator 11 interacts with a carbon brush arrangement 14.
- a stator 15 with a stator winding 16 is provided, which lies opposite the rotor 5 with a small air gap.
- the rotor 5 has a rotor shaft 17 which is supported at one end 18 in a needle bearing 19 and covered by a housing cap 20.
- the other end of the rotor shaft 17 has a central receiving bore 22 extending from its end face 21, into which the one end 23 of the output shaft 6 engages.
- This other end of the rotor shaft 17 is mounted on the end 23 of the output shaft 6 via a needle bearing 31, which is arranged in the receiving bore 22.
- the lateral surface 24 of the end 25 of the rotor shaft 17 provided with the receiving bore 22 is designed as a sun gear 26 which meshes with planet gears 27 which are arranged on a planet carrier 28 (only one planet gear 27 is shown in the figure).
- the planet gears 27 are arranged with the interposition of needle bearings on bearing pins 29. Furthermore, the planet gears 27 mesh with a ring gear 30 provided with internal teeth, which is arranged in a stationary manner in the housing 2.
- the end 23 of the output shaft 6 is supported by a needle bearing 37 in the receiving bore of the axial web 39.
- the freewheel outer ring 35 is held by a deep groove ball bearing 38, which is arranged on the axial web 39 and, on the other hand, is supported in the housing 2 (fixed bearing).
- a cylindrical roller bearing 33 is provided in the opposite end region 32 of the output shaft 6, held by the housing 2 — to which a sealing ring 34 is connected upstream — to the outside.
- the cylindrical roller bearing 33 guides the driven shaft 6 both in the axial and in the radial direction.
- the planet carrier 28 is axially connected to a freewheel outer ring 35 via screws 36.
- the freewheel outer ring 35 belongs to a freewheel device 40 which is designed as a roller freewheel. It has spring-loaded rollers 41 which interact with an inner ring 42 of the freewheel device 40.
- the inner ring 42 is connected to the output shaft 6 via a steep thread 43.
- the output shaft 6 has a groove 44 in which a snap ring 45 is arranged.
- the snap ring 45 forms a stop which, in the event of an axial displacement of the output shaft 6 to be described in greater detail, cooperates with a step 46 of the inner ring 42.
- the freewheel outer ring 35 is thus a bearing sleeve 160 with two differently sized, circular Cross sections formed.
- Rolling bodies 163 of the freewheel device 40 formed by the rollers 41 act on the inner surface 161 of the larger-diameter section 162 of the bearing sleeve 160.
- the deep groove ball bearing 38 is arranged on the lateral surface 164 of the smaller diameter section 165 of the bearing sleeve 160. This is directly opposite the needle bearing 37, which is arranged in a central opening 166 of the freewheel outer ring 35.
- a retaining ring 47 which has a radial collar 48, is attached to the output shaft 6.
- a snap ring 50 which supports a disk 51, is located in a groove 49 of the retaining ring 47.
- An annular channel 52 is thus formed between the disk 51 and the radial collar 48.
- the pinion 8 is rotatably but axially displaceably mounted. It is acted upon by a helical compression spring 54. This is pretensioned when there is one when the pinion 8 is engaged in the ring gear 10. Tooth-on-tooth position results.
- the engagement relay 4 has a stationary relay winding 61 which interacts with an armature 62.
- the armature 62 is axially displaceably mounted on an axis 63 and is actuated by a return spring 64 designed as a helical compression spring when the engagement relay is not energized ! 4 pushed into the position shown in the figure.
- the axis 63 has a contact element 66 which can interact with electrical connections 67.
- the armature 62 is connected to a plunger 68 which projects into a housing space 69 of the housing 2.
- the plunger 68 interacts with an engagement lever 70 designed as a double lever, which is pivotably mounted approximately in its central region by means of a cross bolt 71.
- the cross pin 71 is held on a housing-side arm 72.
- the lower end 73 of the engagement lever 70 is provided with a projection 74 which engages in the ring channel 52.
- a driving head 76 is formed at the other end 75 of the engagement lever 70.
- a locking device 77 which is essentially formed by a bow spring 80, a control sleeve 108, a ring 117 and springs 99 and 112, prevents the pinion 8 from inadvertently moving in the direction of the ring gear 10 of the internal combustion engine, since this could damage the parts.
- This unintentional axial movement could occur without locking device 77 in that braking moments, which occur, for example, due to the bearings and a shaft sealing ring, move the output shaft 6 in the single-track position, that is to say the return spring forces are smaller than the axial force components occurring on the high-helix thread.
- the steep thread 43 allows an axial displacement of the output shaft 6 by the dimension a.
- the rotor shaft 17 is guided in a rotor bearing 147, which is designed as a needle bearing 19.
- the starting device 1 operates as follows:
- the engagement relay 4 is energized via a start switch.
- the result of this is that the armature 62 moves to the right (FIG.),
- the control sleeve 108 runs against the stirrup spring 80 in such a way that it is expanded radially.
- the ring 117 is released.
- a relative movement between the control sleeve 108 and the ring 117 is possible while consuming the free travel b because the latter is axially displaceably mounted on the control sleeve 108.
- the free travel b is used up, that is, the left side of the driving head 76 is carried along by the control sleeve 108.
- the engagement lever 70 carries out a pivoting movement clockwise around the transverse pin 71.
- the projection 74 shifts the output shaft 6 in the direction of the ring gear 10, as a result of which the pinion 8 can engage in the toothing of the ring gear 10.
- the engagement forces ensure that the pinion 8 is now complete enters the ring gear 10, the output shaft 6 axially extending to the end position due to the steep thread 43, so that — as a result — the position 9 shown in the figure with dashed lines is taken up by the pinion 8.
- the engagement relay 4 drops out.
- the return movement is supported by the return springs 64 and 112.
- the ring 117 then comes against the driving head 76 of the engagement lever 70, so that the engagement lever 70 pivots counterclockwise, as a result of which the pinion 8 is brought back into the position shown by the solid line in the figure. Since in the final stage of the starting process the internal combustion engine now in operation "overtakes" the rotation of the pinion 8, the disengagement process is supported by the steep thread 43.
- the bow spring 80 is also in the starting position again, that is, it secures the ring 117, so that the engagement lever 70 fi ⁇ in the position shown in the figure is fixed. An unintentional axial displacement of the output shaft 6 is thus prevented.
- the end region 32 of the output shaft 6 is supported in the cylindrical roller bearing 33.
- the other end 23 of the output shaft 6 is supported on the housing 2 of the turning device 1 via the needle bearing 37 and the freewheel outer ring 35 and the deep groove ball bearing 38.
- the rotor shaft 17, however, is supported in the area of the commutator 11 by the needle bearing 19. Its end 25 engages around the end 23 of the output shaft and is supported thereon by means of the needle bearing 31.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4006795 | 1990-03-03 | ||
DE4006795A DE4006795A1 (de) | 1990-03-03 | 1990-03-03 | Andrehvorrichtung in kompaktbauweise |
PCT/DE1991/000144 WO1991014095A1 (de) | 1990-03-03 | 1991-02-22 | Andrehvorrichtung in kompaktbauweise |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0518877A1 true EP0518877A1 (de) | 1992-12-23 |
EP0518877B1 EP0518877B1 (de) | 1994-10-05 |
Family
ID=6401406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91903881A Expired - Lifetime EP0518877B1 (de) | 1990-03-03 | 1991-02-22 | Andrehvorrichtung in kompaktbauweise |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5317933A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0518877B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH05504809A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100190481B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4006795A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2062768T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL167304B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2050461C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991014095A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2719631B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-05 | 1996-05-31 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Démarreur de véhicule automobile comportant un corps d'entraîneur perfectionné. |
WO1996016267A1 (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-30 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Starter with planetary reduction gear mechanism |
US5953955A (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1999-09-21 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Starter with planetary gear speed reduction mechanism |
DE19625057C1 (de) * | 1996-06-22 | 1997-07-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Andrehvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE19748605B4 (de) * | 1997-11-04 | 2013-12-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Andrehvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE29719524U1 (de) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-03-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 70469 Stuttgart | Andrehvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
WO2000026533A1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-11 | Delco Remy America, Inc. | Engine starter having an axially stationary overrun clutch |
US6460298B1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-10-08 | Steven A. Elias | Landscape edging and border structure |
JP2002180936A (ja) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-26 | Denso Corp | スタータ |
JP3849455B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2006-11-22 | 株式会社デンソー | スタータ |
KR20040069114A (ko) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-04 | 발레오만도전장시스템스코리아 주식회사 | 방진 및 방수기능을 가진 오버행타입 스타터 모터 |
US20040207276A1 (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2004-10-21 | Eugene Chiappe | Clutched starter motor assembly for aircraft piston |
FR2935029B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-12 | 2012-05-04 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Demarreur comportant un arbre d'induit porte par un palier interpose entre un induit et un reducteur |
US8575802B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2013-11-05 | Src Electrical Llc | Locomotive starter motor |
WO2011097377A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-11 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | Locomotive starter motor |
EP3428444A1 (de) | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-16 | Mahle International GmbH | Starter für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1039685A (en) * | 1911-12-26 | 1912-10-01 | Vincent G Apple | Power-transmission device. |
DE1124304B (de) * | 1959-07-13 | 1962-02-22 | Garbe Lahmeyer & Co Ag | Rollenfreilauf von Schraubtrieben an Andrehmotoren von Brennkraftmaschinen |
US3584713A (en) * | 1968-06-15 | 1971-06-15 | Aisin Seiki | Automatic four-wheel drive mechanism |
DE2624645A1 (de) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Schubtrieb fuer eine andrehvorrichtung von brennkraftmaschinen |
CA1141994A (en) * | 1980-09-13 | 1983-03-01 | Norimitsu Kurihara | Starting motor device |
DE3042436A1 (de) * | 1980-11-11 | 1982-06-16 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Vorrichtung zum starten einer brennkraftmaschine |
DE3225957A1 (de) * | 1982-07-10 | 1984-01-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Andrehvorrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
JPS63134171U (de) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-09-02 | ||
JPH0720354B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-17 | 1995-03-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 同軸形スタータ |
US5012686A (en) * | 1988-08-06 | 1991-05-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pinion shifting mechanism of an engine starter |
-
1990
- 1990-03-03 DE DE4006795A patent/DE4006795A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-02-22 RU SU915053220A patent/RU2050461C1/ru active
- 1991-02-22 WO PCT/DE1991/000144 patent/WO1991014095A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1991-02-22 DE DE59103175T patent/DE59103175D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-22 US US07/915,701 patent/US5317933A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-22 EP EP91903881A patent/EP0518877B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-22 JP JP3503957A patent/JPH05504809A/ja active Pending
- 1991-02-22 ES ES91903881T patent/ES2062768T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-22 KR KR1019920702104A patent/KR100190481B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-28 PL PL91289241A patent/PL167304B1/pl unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9114095A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR937000772A (ko) | 1993-03-16 |
PL167304B1 (pl) | 1995-08-31 |
DE4006795A1 (de) | 1991-09-05 |
PL289241A1 (en) | 1992-08-24 |
DE59103175D1 (de) | 1994-11-10 |
EP0518877B1 (de) | 1994-10-05 |
RU2050461C1 (ru) | 1995-12-20 |
US5317933A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
KR100190481B1 (ko) | 1999-06-01 |
WO1991014095A1 (de) | 1991-09-19 |
JPH05504809A (ja) | 1993-07-22 |
ES2062768T3 (es) | 1994-12-16 |
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