EP0517635A1 - Woollen card - Google Patents

Woollen card Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0517635A1
EP0517635A1 EP92440070A EP92440070A EP0517635A1 EP 0517635 A1 EP0517635 A1 EP 0517635A1 EP 92440070 A EP92440070 A EP 92440070A EP 92440070 A EP92440070 A EP 92440070A EP 0517635 A1 EP0517635 A1 EP 0517635A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
morel
cylinder
cylinders
card
large drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92440070A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0517635B1 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
N Schlumberger SAS
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N Schlumberger SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0517635A1 publication Critical patent/EP0517635A1/en
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Publication of EP0517635B1 publication Critical patent/EP0517635B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/94—Burr-crushing or removing arrangements
    • D01G15/98—Morel or like apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of textile industry, in particular the so-called "wool” cards working wool and long fibers and has for its object such a card.
  • Such a configuration has the disadvantage of causing shortening of the fibers, which is very detrimental for the finished product, since, in general, to obtain a thread of optimum quality it is necessary to seek to obtain and maintain fibers of maximum length.
  • the speed of the layer of fibers to be treated is reduced before each Morel cylinder, between the food cylinder and the large drum, in such a way that the orientation of the impurities contained in the layer of fibers are modified so that the corresponding Morel cylinder hunter eliminates them.
  • a significant speed reduction at the level of each Morel cylinder is more particularly necessary the fact that a maximum of impurities, such as thistles, straws or other vegetable fibers, must be torn from the tablecloth accumulated on each Morel cylinder during its passage under the corresponding hunter.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • wool it has, in fact, for a so-called "wool" card characterized in that it is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders, in that it does not have an intermediate doffer and in that the tangential speeds of the cylinders food and the big drum are equal, the reduction in speed of the web of fibers between the big drum and the following Morel cylinder being relatively small.
  • the so-called "wool” card is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders 1 and the tangential speeds of the food cylinders 2 and of the large drum 3 are equal, the reduction in speed of the sheet of fibers between the large drum 3 and the following Morel cylinder 1 being relatively small.
  • this card does not have an intermediate comber.
  • the card according to the invention may have the following arrangement: a tray 4 followed by a large drum 3 with four working groups 5, this large drum cooperating, via a food cylinder 2 with a first Morel 1 cylinder comprising a hunter 6 and followed, with the interposition of another food cylinder 2 of a second Morel cylinder 1.
  • Morel cylinder 1 Following this Morel cylinder 1 is provided a second large drum 3 provided with three working groups 5, this large drum 3 being again connected to a Morel cylinder 1 with hunter 6 by means of another food cylinder 2, the latter Morel cylinder 1 being itself connected by means of a food cylinder 2 to a last large drum 3 provided with five working groups 5.
  • the sheet of fibers coming from the tank 4 is brought by the large drum 3 and the food cylinder 2, at constant speed, to the first Morel cylinder 1 whose tangential speed is less than that of said food cylinder 2, so that the sheet is braked and tends to accumulate the fibers over a greater thickness and, therefore, to promote a recovery of impurities allowing their uprooting by the hunter 6.
  • the tablecloth can then be transmitted at constant speed to the second Morel 1 cylinder for a second operation of removal of impurities, called stripping.
  • the sheet taken up by the next food cylinder 2
  • the sheet is again accelerated to undergo its final stretching.
  • FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the arrangement of Morel cylinders 1 with respect to the large drum 3 provided with three working groups 5 is reversed.
  • FIG. 3 represents another variant embodiment of the invention using four Morel 1 cylinders arranged in tandem between the first large drum 3 and the last large drum 3.
  • the sheet of fibers can be worked at a higher speed because the shredding is divided into four operations corresponding to the four Morel cylinders.
  • the invention it is possible to produce a card not requiring an intermediate comber and having a significant cleaning power while preserving the fibers from breakage, the latter being, therefore, of better quality. As a result, the product obtained is a better refined product.
  • the provision of a number of Morel cylinders at least equal to three allows a large distribution of the release of thistles and other impurities and therefore limits the reduction of the tangential speed of the fiber web with an accumulation on a lesser thickness, so that the processing speed of a web is increased, which results in a corresponding increase in the efficiency of the machine.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une carde dite "laine".Carde caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'au moins trois cylindres Morel (1), en ce qu'elle ne présente pas de peigneur intermédiaire et en ce que les vitesses tangentielles des cylindres alimentaires (2) et du grand tambour sont égales, la réduction de vitesse de la nappe de fibres entre le grand tambour (3) et le cylindre Morel (1) suivant étant relativement faible.L'invention est plus particulièrement applicable dans le domaine de l'industrie textile.The present invention relates to a so-called "wool" card. Card characterized in that it is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders (1), in that it does not have an intermediate doffer and in that the tangential speeds of the food cylinders (2) and the large drum are equal, the speed reduction of the web of fibers between the large drum (3) and the following Morel cylinder (1) being relatively small. The invention is more particularly applicable in the field of the textile industry.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'industrie textile, en particulier les cardes dites "laine" travaillant les laines et les fibres longues et a pour objet une telle carde.The present invention relates to the field of textile industry, in particular the so-called "wool" cards working wool and long fibers and has for its object such a card.

Actuellement, les cardes existantes de ce type sont généralement des cardes doubles avec un peigne intermédiaire présentant une réduction de vitesse importante et un pouvoir d'épuration élévé.Currently, existing cards of this type are generally double cards with an intermediate comb having a significant reduction in speed and a high cleaning power.

Une telle configuration présente l'inconvénient de provoquer des raccourcissements des fibres, ce qui est très préjudiciable pour le produit fini, du fait que, d'une manière générale, pour l'obtention d'un fil d'une qualité optimale il faut chercher à obtenir et à conserver des fibres d'une longueur maximale.Such a configuration has the disadvantage of causing shortening of the fibers, which is very detrimental for the finished product, since, in general, to obtain a thread of optimum quality it is necessary to seek to obtain and maintain fibers of maximum length.

Dans ces cardes existantes, il est généralement fait appel à deux cylindres Morel montés en tandem ou d'autre manière.In these existing cards, it is generally used two Morel cylinders mounted in tandem or otherwise.

Pour l'obtention d'un effet de peignage, la vitesse de la nappe de fibres à traiter est réduite avant chaque cylindre Morel, entre le cylindre alimentaire et le grand tambour, de telle manière que l'orientation des impuretés contenues dans la nappe de fibres soit modifiée afin que le chasseur du cylindre Morel correspondant les élimine.To obtain a combing effect, the speed of the layer of fibers to be treated is reduced before each Morel cylinder, between the food cylinder and the large drum, in such a way that the orientation of the impurities contained in the layer of fibers are modified so that the corresponding Morel cylinder hunter eliminates them.

Toutefois, l'utilisation de ce nombre réduit de cylindres Morel présente l'inconvénient, d'une part, de ne permettre l'obtention que d'un produit relativement peu propre et, d'autre part, du fait de ce nombre réduit de cylindres, la réduction de vitesse nécessaire au niveau de chaque cylindre Morel est très importante et entraîne une casse des fibres, ce qui nuit considérablement à la qualité du produit obtenu.However, the use of this reduced number of Morel cylinders has the drawback, on the one hand, of only allowing a relatively unclean product to be obtained and, on the other hand, due to this reduced number of cylinders, the reduction in speed required at each Morel cylinder is very significant and causes fiber breakage, which considerably affects the quality of the product obtained.

Une réduction de vitesse importante au niveau de chaque cylindre Morel est plus particulièrement nécessaire du fait qu'un maximum d'impuretés, telles que des chardons, des pailles ou d'autres fibres végétales, doit être arraché de la nappe accumulée sur chaque cylindre Morel lors de son passage sous le chasseur correspondant.A significant speed reduction at the level of each Morel cylinder is more particularly necessary the fact that a maximum of impurities, such as thistles, straws or other vegetable fibers, must be torn from the tablecloth accumulated on each Morel cylinder during its passage under the corresponding hunter.

En outre, du fait de la réduction importante de vitesse au niveau de chaque cylindre Morel, la nappe de fibres est dégagée à une vitesse relativement faible, ce qui entraîne un rendement relativement faible.In addition, due to the significant reduction in speed at each Morel cylinder, the sheet of fibers is released at a relatively low speed, which results in a relatively low yield.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

Elle a, en effet, pour objet une carde dite "laine" caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'au moins trois cylindres Morel, en ce qu'elle ne présente pas de peigneur intermédiaire et en ce que les vitesses tangentielles des cylindres alimentaires et du grand tambour sont égales, la réduction de vitesse de la nappe de fibres entre le grand tambour et le cylindre Morel suivant étant relativement faible.It has, in fact, for a so-called "wool" card characterized in that it is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders, in that it does not have an intermediate doffer and in that the tangential speeds of the cylinders food and the big drum are equal, the reduction in speed of the web of fibers between the big drum and the following Morel cylinder being relatively small.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation latérale d'une carde conforme à l'invention et,
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues analogues à celle de la figure 1 de variantes de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a card according to the invention and,
  • Figures 2 and 3 are views similar to that of Figure 1 of alternative embodiments of the invention.

Conformément à l'invention et comme le montrent, plus particulièrement, les figures 1 à 3 des dessins annexés, la carde dite "laine" est équipée d'au moins trois cylindres Morel 1 et les vitesses tangentielles des cylindres alimentaires 2 et du grand tambour 3 sont égales, la réduction de vitesse de la nappe de fibres entre le grand tambour 3 et le cylindre Morel 1 suivant étant relativement faible. En outre, cette carde ne présente pas de peigneur intermédiaire.According to the invention and as shown more particularly in Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings, the so-called "wool" card is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders 1 and the tangential speeds of the food cylinders 2 and of the large drum 3 are equal, the reduction in speed of the sheet of fibers between the large drum 3 and the following Morel cylinder 1 being relatively small. In addition, this card does not have an intermediate comber.

Comme le montre la figure 1 des dessins annexés, la carde conforme à l'invention peut présenter la disposition suivante : un bac 4 suivi par un grand tambour 3 avec quatre groupes travailleurs 5, ce grand tambour coopérant, par l'intermédiaire d'un cylindre alimentaire 2 avec un premier cylindre Morel 1 comportant un chasseur 6 et suivi, avec interposition d'un autre cylindre alimentaire 2 d'un deuxième cylindre Morel 1.As shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, the card according to the invention may have the following arrangement: a tray 4 followed by a large drum 3 with four working groups 5, this large drum cooperating, via a food cylinder 2 with a first Morel 1 cylinder comprising a hunter 6 and followed, with the interposition of another food cylinder 2 of a second Morel cylinder 1.

A la suite de ce cylindre Morel 1 est prévu un deuxième grand tambour 3 muni de trois groupes travailleurs 5, ce grand tambour 3 étant à nouveau raccordé à un cylindre Morel 1 avec chasseur 6 au moyen d'un autre cylindre alimentaire 2, ce dernier cylindre Morel 1 étant lui-même relié par l'intermédiaire d'un cylindre alimentaire 2 à un dernier grand tambour 3 muni de cinq groupes travailleurs 5.Following this Morel cylinder 1 is provided a second large drum 3 provided with three working groups 5, this large drum 3 being again connected to a Morel cylinder 1 with hunter 6 by means of another food cylinder 2, the latter Morel cylinder 1 being itself connected by means of a food cylinder 2 to a last large drum 3 provided with five working groups 5.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la nappe de fibres provenant du bac 4 est amenée par le grand tambour 3 et le cylindre alimentaire 2, à vitesse constante, au premier cylindre Morel 1 dont la vitesse tangentielle est inférieure à celle dudit cylindre alimentaire 2, de sorte que la nappe est freinée et à tendance à accumuler les fibres sur une plus forte épaisseur et, de ce fait, à favoriser un redressement des impuretés permettant leur arrachage par le chasseur 6.In this embodiment, the sheet of fibers coming from the tank 4 is brought by the large drum 3 and the food cylinder 2, at constant speed, to the first Morel cylinder 1 whose tangential speed is less than that of said food cylinder 2, so that the sheet is braked and tends to accumulate the fibers over a greater thickness and, therefore, to promote a recovery of impurities allowing their uprooting by the hunter 6.

La nappe peut alors être transmise à vitesse constante au deuxième cylindre Morel 1 en vue d'une deuxième opération d'enlèvement des impuretés dite échardonnage. A la sortie de ce deuxième cylindre Morel, la nappe, reprise par le cylindre alimentaire suivant 2, est accélérée et donc étirée pour être travaillée sur le grand tambour 3 suivant avant de subir une nouvelle décélération en vue du traitement sur le troisième cylindre Morel 1. A la sortie de ce dernier, la nappe est à nouveau accélérée pour subir son étirage définitif.The tablecloth can then be transmitted at constant speed to the second Morel 1 cylinder for a second operation of removal of impurities, called stripping. At the exit of this second Morel cylinder, the sheet, taken up by the next food cylinder 2, is accelerated and therefore stretched to be worked on the following large drum 3 before undergoing a further deceleration for treatment on the third Morel cylinder 1 On leaving the latter, the sheet is again accelerated to undergo its final stretching.

La figure 2 des dessins annexés représente une variante de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle la disposition des cylindres Morel 1 par rapport au grand tambour 3 pourvu de trois groupes travailleurs 5 est inversée.Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the arrangement of Morel cylinders 1 with respect to the large drum 3 provided with three working groups 5 is reversed.

Enfin, la figure 3 représente une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention mettant en oeuvre quatre cylindres Morel 1 disposés en tandem entre le premier grand tambour 3 et le dernier grand tambour 3. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la nappe de fibres peut être travaillée à une vitesse plus élevée du fait que l'échardonnage est réparti en quatre opérations correspondant aux quatre cylindres Morel.Finally, FIG. 3 represents another variant embodiment of the invention using four Morel 1 cylinders arranged in tandem between the first large drum 3 and the last large drum 3. In this embodiment, the sheet of fibers can be worked at a higher speed because the shredding is divided into four operations corresponding to the four Morel cylinders.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, non représentée aux dessins annexés, il est également possible de disposer les cylindres Morel 1 par paire superposée entre deux grands tambours 3. Un tel mode de réalisation permet une limitation importante de l'encombrement de la carde dans le sens longitudinal.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, it is also possible to arrange the Morel cylinders 1 in pairs superimposed between two large drums 3. Such an embodiment allows a significant limitation of the size of the card lengthwise.

Grâce à l'invention, il est possible de réaliser une carde ne nécessitant pas de peigneur intermédiaire et présentant un pouvoir d'épuration important tout en préservant les fibres de la casse, ces dernières étant, de ce fait, de meilleure qualité. Il en résulte que le produit obtenu est un produit mieux raffiné.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce a card not requiring an intermediate comber and having a significant cleaning power while preserving the fibers from breakage, the latter being, therefore, of better quality. As a result, the product obtained is a better refined product.

En outre, la prévision d'un nombre de cylindres Morel au moins égal à trois, permet une importante répartition du dégagement des chardons et autres impuretés et donc de limiter la réduction de la vitesse tangentielle de la nappe de fibres avec une accumulation sur une moindre épaisseur, de sorte que la vitesse de traitement d'une nappe est augmentée, ce qui entraîne une augmentation correspondante du rendement de la machine.In addition, the provision of a number of Morel cylinders at least equal to three, allows a large distribution of the release of thistles and other impurities and therefore limits the reduction of the tangential speed of the fiber web with an accumulation on a lesser thickness, so that the processing speed of a web is increased, which results in a corresponding increase in the efficiency of the machine.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments, ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (2)

Carde dite "laine" caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'au moins trois cylindres Morel (1), en ce qu'elle ne présente pas de peigneur intermédiaire et en ce que les vitesses tangentielles des cylindres alimentaires (2) et du grand tambour (3) sont égales, la réduction de vitesse de la nappe de fibres entre le grand tambour (3) et le cylindre Morel (1) suivant étant relativement faible.Card known as "wool" characterized in that it is equipped with at least three Morel cylinders (1), in that it does not have an intermediate comber and in that the tangential speeds of the food cylinders (2) and of the large drum (3) are equal, the reduction in speed of the fiber web between the large drum (3) and the following Morel cylinder (1) being relatively small. Carde, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les cylindres Morel (1) sont disposés par paire superposée entre deux grands tambours (3).Card according to claim 1, characterized in that the Morel cylinders (1) are arranged in pairs superposed between two large drums (3).
EP92440070A 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 Woollen card Expired - Lifetime EP0517635B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9107111 1991-06-07
FR9107111A FR2677377B1 (en) 1991-06-07 1991-06-07 "WOOL" CARD.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0517635A1 true EP0517635A1 (en) 1992-12-09
EP0517635B1 EP0517635B1 (en) 1995-06-14

Family

ID=9413710

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92440070A Expired - Lifetime EP0517635B1 (en) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 Woollen card

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5303452A (en)
EP (1) EP0517635B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2637878B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE123825T1 (en)
DE (2) DE517635T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2044806T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2677377B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0768396A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-16 FONDERIE OFFICINE RIUNITE F.O.R. ING. GRAZIANO DI L. GRAZIANO & C. S.a.s. A device for removing vegetable matter in a wool card
EP0768397A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-16 FONDERIE OFFICINE RIUNITE F.O.R. ING. GRAZIANO DI L. GRAZIANO & C. S.a.s. A device for removing vegetable matter in a wool card
CN104878480A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-02 林西县统壹工贸有限责任公司 Cashmere carding flat dressing machine
CN105256412A (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-01-20 宁夏新艺成绒毛有限公司 Carding machine
CN108914263A (en) * 2018-09-06 2018-11-30 青岛东佳纺机（集团）有限公司 Thick machine is got rid of in cashmere shredding

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102296382B (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-08-07 江苏省振新实业有限公司 Flow guiding device of combing machine

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE165596C (en) * 1903-12-12
FR651029A (en) * 1928-03-20 1929-02-13 Bulk wool shelling machine with crushing cylinders lined with sawtooth wire
GB626713A (en) * 1946-08-15 1949-07-20 William Henry Dean Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the extraction of burrs and other foreign matter from wool and like textile fibres
FR992485A (en) * 1949-05-28 1951-10-18 Multi-drum card improvements
WO1991009164A1 (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-06-27 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Improvements in and relating to wool carding

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US2115605A (en) * 1934-06-02 1938-04-26 Proctor & Schwartz Inc Carding machine
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US2478799A (en) * 1944-11-22 1949-08-09 Winslow Bros & Smith Co Carding method and machine
JPS5217046A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-02-08 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Vehicle length detecting system
JPS5438935A (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-24 Kanai Hiroyuki Fiber trasfer apparatus in tandem card
IT1216240B (en) * 1986-07-24 1990-02-22 Giuliani Marcello CARDANT AND CLEAN CONVEYOR CYLINDER FOR A MULTIPLE CARD OR SO-CALLED TANDEM CARD.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE165596C (en) * 1903-12-12
FR651029A (en) * 1928-03-20 1929-02-13 Bulk wool shelling machine with crushing cylinders lined with sawtooth wire
GB626713A (en) * 1946-08-15 1949-07-20 William Henry Dean Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the extraction of burrs and other foreign matter from wool and like textile fibres
FR992485A (en) * 1949-05-28 1951-10-18 Multi-drum card improvements
WO1991009164A1 (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-06-27 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Improvements in and relating to wool carding

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0768396A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-16 FONDERIE OFFICINE RIUNITE F.O.R. ING. GRAZIANO DI L. GRAZIANO & C. S.a.s. A device for removing vegetable matter in a wool card
EP0768397A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-16 FONDERIE OFFICINE RIUNITE F.O.R. ING. GRAZIANO DI L. GRAZIANO & C. S.a.s. A device for removing vegetable matter in a wool card
CN104878480A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-02 林西县统壹工贸有限责任公司 Cashmere carding flat dressing machine
CN105256412A (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-01-20 宁夏新艺成绒毛有限公司 Carding machine
CN108914263A (en) * 2018-09-06 2018-11-30 青岛东佳纺机（集团）有限公司 Thick machine is got rid of in cashmere shredding
CN108914263B (en) * 2018-09-06 2024-03-15 青岛东佳纺机（集团）有限公司 Cashmere opening and coarse spinning machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5303452A (en) 1994-04-19
DE69202922T2 (en) 1996-04-04
EP0517635B1 (en) 1995-06-14
ES2044806T3 (en) 1995-10-16
FR2677377A1 (en) 1992-12-11
DE69202922D1 (en) 1995-07-20
DE517635T1 (en) 1994-12-22
ATE123825T1 (en) 1995-06-15
FR2677377B1 (en) 1994-05-20
JP2637878B2 (en) 1997-08-06
JPH05247732A (en) 1993-09-24
ES2044806T1 (en) 1994-01-16

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