EP0209410B1 - Method and apparatus for flax scutching - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for flax scutching Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0209410B1
EP0209410B1 EP19860401210 EP86401210A EP0209410B1 EP 0209410 B1 EP0209410 B1 EP 0209410B1 EP 19860401210 EP19860401210 EP 19860401210 EP 86401210 A EP86401210 A EP 86401210A EP 0209410 B1 EP0209410 B1 EP 0209410B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knives
rotor
flax
knife
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860401210
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0209410A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Pinilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Textile de France
Original Assignee
Institut Textile de France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Textile de France filed Critical Institut Textile de France
Publication of EP0209410A1 publication Critical patent/EP0209410A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0209410B1 publication Critical patent/EP0209410B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/28—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with beaters rotating about an axis perpendicular to the fibre bundle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the scutching of flax straws, and more particularly the separation, after creasing of the wood fibers, of the textile fibers by the mechanical action of blades.
  • the flax scutching operation has been carried out continuously in machines called turbines; steel straw, previously crushed by pairs of grooved cylinders, is gripped and held by two belts then it passes between two rotors rotating in opposite directions, on which are steel blades, on their periphery, and parallel to their axis commonly known as knives. During the rotary movement of the rotors, these knives strike the flax straw and remove the woody parts. A movement on the belts makes it possible to beat first the feet of said straws, then the heads. At the exit of the scouring turbine, the scoured flax is recovered, which is the textile part of the flax straws, stripped of the woody part. It is this dyed linen that after different combing, doubling, stretching, spinning operations will give the linen thread.
  • the action of the knives eliminates the woody part of the straws (anas), but also a textile part made up of the shortest flax fibers (tows). These tows are separated from the shives and will follow a circuit parallel to that of dyed flax to give a flax thread of another quality.
  • the increase in the number of knives presents another characteristic which has a complementary effect on the violence of their action: the scouring blades being positioned in the manner of the serrated wheels of a gear, the flax straws hanging from the holding and transport belts are simultaneously subjected to the action of several knives, on both sides, a knife striking the straw on one side near the pinch point of the belt while another continues its action on the other side.
  • the sheet of flax straw moving between the rotors from the pinch point between the conveyor belts is constantly and simultaneously struck by several knives throughout its course in the turbine.
  • GB-A-514 221 has already proposed a scouring process according to which two rotary rotors rotating in opposite directions to each other and furnished with knives each act on one side of a sheet of flax straws , the whole of one side of the linen sheet being treated by one of the attack knives of the rotor before one of the attack knives of the other rotor acts on the other face.
  • This equipment comprises, in known manner, two identical rotary rotors, with parallel axes, rotating in opposite directions to each other, equipped with blades and furnished with knives regularly distributed with respect to the axis of rotation of the corresponding rotor, these knives each acting on one side of the continuous sheet of flax straws.
  • the angular spacing of the knives is at least equal to twice the arc of intersection of the rotors, the knives of one rotor being out of phase with respect to the other of the half of said angular spacing, whereby the whole of one side of the linen sheet is treated with a knife of a rotor before one of the knives of the other rotor acts on the other side.
  • each rotor has only two attack knives, diametrically opposite one another; the two rotors are arranged relative to each other so that when the lines of attack of the two cutting knives of one of the rotors are in the plane passing through the axes of rotation of the two rotors , said plane is perpendicular to the plane passing through the attack lines of the two attack knives of the other rotor.
  • Each attack knife is a flat material which is disposed approximately tangentially with respect to the cylinder of revolution which it generates during the rotation of the rotor.
  • each blade also comprises at least one smoothing knife.
  • a smoothing knife is placed downstream of each attack knife, in the direction of rotation of the rotor; it is a planar material which is arranged so as to form an angle with the cylinder of revolution generated by the cutting knife during its rotation. This angle is of the order of 30 °.
  • the smoothing lines of the two aforementioned smoothing knives are located on the cylinder of revolution generated by the attack lines of the two attack knives.
  • bars are placed, parallel to said axis of rotation, on which the flax straws are pressed when the rotor rotates, which prevents the winding of straws around the attack knife.
  • said bars can be replaced by secondary knives, flat materials, arranged parallel to the attack knives. This particular arrangement also makes it possible to significantly reduce the turbulence phenomena inside the turbine; the straw layer remains pressed on the secondary knives, while leaving free the passage of air, so the by-products which are detached under the action of the knives fall by gravity and it is then possible to recover them at continues by placing a conveyor belt at the bottom of the turbine.
  • the conformation of the two-blade rotors makes it possible to increase the cross-sectional area of the active scouring zone while reducing the size of the turbine and while retaining the efficiency necessary for scouring the longest straws.
  • the two rotors are arranged so that for each of them the cylinder of revolution generated by the line of attack of its attack knives passes as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the other rotor and that the line of intersection of the two corresponding cylinders of revolution is immediately below and as close as possible to the pinching point of the straws by the holding and transport belts.
  • FIG. 1 is a general exploded view of the scouring turbine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section of the turbine along a plane passing through blade support arms
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a turbine breaking down the different working phases of the turbine.
  • the flax straw 2 Prior to its entry into the turbine 1, the flax straw 2 was crumpled by continuous passage between the fluted cylinders, then pinched at about two thirds of its length between two belts, one male 3 and the other female 4 Thus the flax straw 2 enters the turbine 1 in the form of a sheet of flax which hangs freely from the pinch point between the two belts 3 and 4. The latter moving at the same speed in the direction of arrow F1, the ply 2 crosses the turbine, held by the belts 3 and 4, passing between the two rotors 5 and 6. At the outlet of the turbine, the belts 3 and 4 separate, and return separately to the station gripping straws one 3 below the rotors from inside the turbine, the other 4 above the turbine.
  • the rotor 5 rotates in the direction of the arrow F2, the rotor 6 in the opposite direction corresponding to the arrow F3, each acting on one face of the linen sheet 2.
  • Each rotor comprises two blades 7 and 7 ′ rotating around an axis 8.
  • the axes 8 of rotation of the two rotors 5 and 6 are mutually parallel and parallel to the belts 3 and 4.
  • Each blade 7 consists of a longitudinal arm 9 on which are fixed on the one hand the attack knife 10 and on the other hand the smoothing knife 11.
  • the knives have the shape of a section bar of 50 x 3 mm for the attack knives 10 and 30 x 2 mm for the smoothing knives, they run the entire length of the scouring turbine.
  • the longitudinal arm 9 is provided with knife holder devices allowing easy replacement of the knives in the event of their wear.
  • the attack knife 10 is positioned tangentially to its circle of revolution 12 (in dotted lines in FIG. 2) and the smoothing knife 11 makes an angle of 30 ° with the tangent 17 to this circle.
  • each rotor has a diameter of 850 mm, their axes of rotation are 550 mm apart, and their speed of rotation can vary from 100 to 500 revolutions per minute.
  • Each blade also comprises three secondary knives 13, which are bars of section 30 x 2 mm parallel to the attack knives 10.
  • the set of longitudinal arms 9 and secondary knives 13 of the two blades of the same rotor 5 is fixed on transverse cross members 14 regularly spaced along the turbine 1 and integral with the axis 8 of rotation of the rotor 5.
  • the rotors 5 and 6 have a reduced diameter at the inlet of the turbine 1, which gradually increases until reaching the diameter of 850 mm. Thanks to this arrangement, already known in conventional turbines, the action of the knives on the straw layer is more progressive.
  • the operation of the scouring turbine 1 is as follows.
  • the sheet 2 of flax straws moves in the turbine 1 between the two rotors 5 and 6, and all along its path is struck successively and alternately by the attack knives 10 of the two scouring blades, so that the attack knife 10 of the rotor 5 scrapes the whole of one face of the ply 2 before the attack knife 10 of the other rotor 6 acts on the other face.
  • the attack knife 10 strikes the ply 2 near the point where it is pinched between the two belts 3 and 4, then scrapes the entire surface of the ply 2.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the action of each of the knives; it represents the rotor 6 while the attack knife 10 acts on the lower part of the ply 2.
  • the portion of the straw 2a upstream of the attack knife 10 is pressed against the three secondary knives 13; the part of the straw 2b in the immediate vicinity of the attack knife 10 makes an acute angle of reduced value, of the order of 15 °, whose angle at the top is the line of attack of the knife 10; the part of the straw 2c downstream of the attack knife 10 is pressed against the smoothing knife 11.
  • the attack knife 10 has an action violent due to the attack itself and the angle taken by the straw 2 during scraping
  • the secondary knives 13 and the smoothing knife 11 have a complementary action of finishing and elimination of by-products.
  • the shives and the tows eliminated during scutching fall by gravity onto the conveyor belt 16, placed at the bottom of the turbine 1, and are evacuated from the turbine 1 by displacement of said carpet 16.
  • each attack knife 10 there are arranged on the outer face of each attack knife 10 tips 15, perpendicular to the plane of said knife 10. These tips 15 are aligned like a comb in the longitudinal direction of the turbine. 1. During the rotation of the rotor, the tips 15 penetrate into the sheet 2 of flax and have an action of untangling and regularizing the fibrous strips, inside the sheet 2. This particular arrangement makes it possible to increase the homogeneity of the ply and thereby having a scraping action of the attack knives 10 and smoothing of the other knives 11 and 13 more regular.
  • each point 15 is aimed so as to facilitate its replacement, has a sharp projection relative to the external surface of the cutting knife 10 of 15 mm and has a diameter of 6 to 8 mm.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the breakdown of the turbine 1 in its different working areas.
  • a first zone A in which the rotors have an increasing diameter, corresponds to the introduction of the ply 2; its length is 1000 mm.
  • a second preparation zone B in which each blade is provided with spikes 15 spaced 150 mm apart, its length is 3,000 mm.
  • a third finishing zone C in which each blade is provided with spikes 15 spaced 100 mm apart; its length is 700 mm.
  • a fourth extraction zone D of 300 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne le teillage des pailles de lin, et plus particulièrement la séparation, après froissage des fibres de bois, des fibres textiles par l'action mécanique de lames.The invention relates to the scutching of flax straws, and more particularly the separation, after creasing of the wood fibers, of the textile fibers by the mechanical action of blades.

Depuis les années 1920, l'opération de teillage du lin est réalisée en continu dans des machines appelées des turbines; la paille, préalabelement broyée par des paires de cylindres cannelés, est saisie et maintenue par deux courroies puis elle passe entre deux rotors tournant en sens inverse, sur lesquels sont fixées sur leur périphérie, et parallèlement à leur axe, des lames d'acier, communément appelées couteaux. Au cours du mouvement rotatif des rotors, ces couteaux frappent la paille de lin et en éliminent les parties ligneuses. Un déplacement sur les courroies permet de battre d'abord les pieds desdites pailles, ensuite les têtes. A la sortie de la turbine de teillage, on récupère le lin teillé, qui est la partie textile des pailles de lin, débarrassée de la partie ligneuse. C'est ce lin teillé que après différentes opérations de peignage, doublage, étirage, filage donnera le fil de lin.Since the 1920s, the flax scutching operation has been carried out continuously in machines called turbines; steel straw, previously crushed by pairs of grooved cylinders, is gripped and held by two belts then it passes between two rotors rotating in opposite directions, on which are steel blades, on their periphery, and parallel to their axis commonly known as knives. During the rotary movement of the rotors, these knives strike the flax straw and remove the woody parts. A movement on the belts makes it possible to beat first the feet of said straws, then the heads. At the exit of the scouring turbine, the scoured flax is recovered, which is the textile part of the flax straws, stripped of the woody part. It is this dyed linen that after different combing, doubling, stretching, spinning operations will give the linen thread.

En pratique, l'action des couteaux élimine la partie ligneuse des pailles (anas), mais aussi une partie textile constituée des fibres de lin les plus courtes (étoupes). Ces étoupes sont séparées des anas et suivront un circuit parallèle à celui du lin teillé pour donner un fil de lin d'une autre qualité.In practice, the action of the knives eliminates the woody part of the straws (anas), but also a textile part made up of the shortest flax fibers (tows). These tows are separated from the shives and will follow a circuit parallel to that of dyed flax to give a flax thread of another quality.

Il est couramment admis, que, pour obtenir une bonne extraction des parties ligneuses des pailles de lin l'action des couteaux doit être particulièrement violente. Les constructeurs de ce type de matériel ont pour réaliser cet effet cherché à obtenir un nombre important d'impacts de couteau sur les pailles; ils ont en conséquence disposé sur chaque rotor un grand nombre de couteaux et augmenté la vitesse de rotation des rotors. Ainsi les turbines de teillage proposées sur le marché disposent de 3 à 10 pales sur lesquelles sont fixés les couteaux de teillage: cf., par exemple, le document FR-A-671 958 montrant des turbines à trois pales où chaque pale est garnie de deux couteaux précisément pour augmenter le nombre d'impacts sur la paille. Outre l'augmentation du nombre d'impacts sur la paille, l'augmentation du nombre de couteaux présente une autre particularité qui a un effet complémentaire sur la violence de leur action: les pales de teillage étant positionnées à la manière des roues dentelées d'un engrenage, les pailles de lin qui pendent des courroies de maintien et de transport sont soumises simultanément à l'action de plusieurs couteaux, sur leurs deux faces, un couteau frappant la paille sur une face près du point de pincement de la courroie pendant qu'un autre poursuit son action sur l'autre face. De la sorte, dans les turbines conventionnelles, la nappe de paille de lin se déplaçant entre les rotors à partir du point de pincement entre les courroies de transport est constamment et simultanément frappée par plusieurs couteaux tout au long de son parcours dans la turbine.It is commonly accepted that, in order to obtain good extraction from the woody parts of flax straw, the action of the knives must be particularly violent. The manufacturers of this type of material have, in order to achieve this effect, sought to obtain a large number of knife impacts on the straws; they consequently arranged on each rotor a large number of knives and increased the rotational speed of the rotors. Thus the scouring turbines offered on the market have 3 to 10 blades on which the scouring knives are fixed: cf., for example, document FR-A-671 958 showing turbines with three blades where each blade is packed with two knives precisely to increase the number of impacts on the straw. In addition to the increase in the number of impacts on the straw, the increase in the number of knives presents another characteristic which has a complementary effect on the violence of their action: the scouring blades being positioned in the manner of the serrated wheels of a gear, the flax straws hanging from the holding and transport belts are simultaneously subjected to the action of several knives, on both sides, a knife striking the straw on one side near the pinch point of the belt while another continues its action on the other side. In this way, in conventional turbines, the sheet of flax straw moving between the rotors from the pinch point between the conveyor belts is constantly and simultaneously struck by several knives throughout its course in the turbine.

La répartition des fibres textiles extraites des pailles de lin est de l'ordre de un tiers de fibres courtes (étoupes) et de deux tiers de fibres longues. Or, les étoupes sont des sous-produits, dont la valeur marchande est nettement inférieure à celle des fibres longues, de l'ordre de trois fois moindre. On comprend que l'amélioration du teillage en vue d'augmenter le rendement en fibres longues est d'un grand intérêt économique.The distribution of textile fibers extracted from flax straws is on the order of one third of short fibers (tow) and two thirds of long fibers. However, tow is a by-product, whose market value is much lower than that of long fibers, of the order of three times less. It is understood that the improvement in scutching with a view to increasing the yield of long fibers is of great economic interest.

Or, il a été prouvé que la disposition communément retenue des pales de teillage, et, donc de l'action violente des couteaux dans la turbine de teillage provoquait sur les extrémités des pailles de lin des coups de fouet très violents, dégageant celles-ci des couteaux avant que toute la longueur de la paille ait été travaillée. Cela constitue un facteur négatif contribuant à augmenter la quantité d'étoupes. On a pu vérifier aussi, que l'action mécanique des couteaux peut au-delà d'une certaine limite, non seulement détacher les anas et les fibres courtes existantes, mais aussi briser une partie des fibres longues et créer de nouvelles fibres courtes au détriment des fibres longues.However, it has been proven that the commonly used arrangement of scouring blades, and therefore of the violent action of the knives in the scouring turbine, caused very violent lashes on the ends of the flax straws, freeing them. knives before the full length of the straw has been worked. This constitutes a negative factor contributing to increasing the quantity of tows. We could also verify, that the mechanical action of the knives can beyond a certain limit, not only detach the shives and the existing short fibers, but also break some of the long fibers and create new short fibers at the expense long fibers.

On a déjà proposé par le brevet GB-A-514 221 un procédé de teillage selon lequel deux rotors rotatifs tournant en sens inverse l'un de l'autre et garnis de couteaux agissent chacun sur une face d'une nappe de pailles de lin, la totalité d'une face de la nappe de lin étant traitée par un des couteaux d'attaque du rotor avant que l'un des couteaux d'attaque de l'autre rotor n'agisse sur l'autre face.GB-A-514 221 has already proposed a scouring process according to which two rotary rotors rotating in opposite directions to each other and furnished with knives each act on one side of a sheet of flax straws , the whole of one side of the linen sheet being treated by one of the attack knives of the rotor before one of the attack knives of the other rotor acts on the other face.

Néanmoins, dans le brevet GB-A514 221, il est spécifié que le couteau terminant son action et quittant la nappe doit occuper une position qui n'est pas en dessous de l'horizontale, au moment où le couteau de l'autre rotor commence son action. Cette exigence conduit à un matériel encombrant.However, in patent GB-A514 221, it is specified that the knife terminating its action and leaving the ply must occupy a position which is not below the horizontal, at the moment when the knife of the other rotor begins its action. This requirement leads to bulky equipment.

Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de l'invention, un matériel qui met en oeuvre le procédé précité, mais sans la limitation évoquée ci-dessus. Ce matériel comporte de manière connue deux rotors rotatifs identiques, d'axes parallèles, tournant en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, équipés de pales et garnis de couteaux régulièrement répartis par rapport à l'axe de rotation du rotor correspondant, ces couteaux agissant chacun sur une face de la nappe continue de pailles de lin. Selon l'aspect le plus général de l'invention, l'écartement angulaire des couteaux est au moins égal au double de l'arc d'intersection des rotors, les couteaux d'un rotor étant déphasés par rapport à l'autre de la moitié dudit écartement angulaire, moyennant quoi la totalité d'une face de la nappe de lin est traitée par un couteau d'un rotor avant que l'un des couteaux de l'autre rotor n'agisse sur l'autre face.Now we have found, and this is what is the subject of the invention, a material which implements the aforementioned method, but without the limitation mentioned above. This equipment comprises, in known manner, two identical rotary rotors, with parallel axes, rotating in opposite directions to each other, equipped with blades and furnished with knives regularly distributed with respect to the axis of rotation of the corresponding rotor, these knives each acting on one side of the continuous sheet of flax straws. According to the most general aspect of the invention, the angular spacing of the knives is at least equal to twice the arc of intersection of the rotors, the knives of one rotor being out of phase with respect to the other of the half of said angular spacing, whereby the whole of one side of the linen sheet is treated with a knife of a rotor before one of the knives of the other rotor acts on the other side.

Plus le nombre de pales est grand, plus l'arc d'intersection doit être petit, ce qui réduit l'intensité du battage de la nappe. C'est pourquoi, selon la réalisation préférée de l'invention, chaque rotor ne comporte que deux couteaux d'attaque, diamétralement opposés l'un à l'autre; les deux rotors sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que, lorsque les lignes d'attaque des deux couteaux d'attaque de l'un des rotors sont dans le plan passant par les axes de rotation des deux rotors, ledit plan est perpendiculaire au plan passant par les lignes d'attaque des deux couteaux d'attaque de l'autre rotor. Ainis, la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention est garantie quelle que soit l'interpénétration des deux rotors ce qui laisse une grande liberté dans le réglage du procédé. Chaque couteau d'attaque est un matériau plan qui est disposé de façon approximativement tangentielle par rapport au cylindre de révolution qu'il engendre lors de la rotation du rotor.The greater the number of blades, the smaller the arc of intersection, which reduces the intensity of the threshing of the sheet. This is why, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each rotor has only two attack knives, diametrically opposite one another; the two rotors are arranged relative to each other so that when the lines of attack of the two cutting knives of one of the rotors are in the plane passing through the axes of rotation of the two rotors , said plane is perpendicular to the plane passing through the attack lines of the two attack knives of the other rotor. Ainis, the implementation of the method of the invention is guaranteed regardless of the interpenetration of the two rotors, which leaves great freedom in the adjustment of the method. Each attack knife is a flat material which is disposed approximately tangentially with respect to the cylinder of revolution which it generates during the rotation of the rotor.

Avantageusement chaque pale comprend également au moins un couteau de lissage. Dans un mode préférentiel du matériel de l'invention, un couteau de lissage est placé en aval de chaque couteau d'attaque, dans le sens de la rotation du rotor; c'est un matériau plan qui est disposé de manière à former un angle avec le cylindre de révolution engendré par le couteau d'attaque lors de sa rotation. Cet angle est de l'ordre de 30°. Pour un même rotor, les lignes de lissage des deux couteaux de lissage précités se trouvent sur le cylindre de révolution engendré par les lignes d'attaque des deux couteaux d'attaque.Advantageously, each blade also comprises at least one smoothing knife. In a preferred embodiment of the material of the invention, a smoothing knife is placed downstream of each attack knife, in the direction of rotation of the rotor; it is a planar material which is arranged so as to form an angle with the cylinder of revolution generated by the cutting knife during its rotation. This angle is of the order of 30 °. For the same rotor, the smoothing lines of the two aforementioned smoothing knives are located on the cylinder of revolution generated by the attack lines of the two attack knives.

Entre un couteau d'attaque et l'axe de rotation du rotor correspondant, on place des barres, parallèles audit axe de rotation, sur lesquelles viennent se plaquer les pailles de lin lors de la rotation du rotor, ce qui évite l'enroulement des pailles autour du couteau d'attaque. Pour compléter l'action de lissage, on peut remplacer lesdites barres par des couteaux secondaires, matériaux plans, disposés parallèlement aux couteaux d'attaque. Cette disposition particulière permet de plus de diminuer sensiblement les phénomènes de turbulence à l'intérieur de la turbine; la nappe de pailles reste plaquée sur les couteaux secondaires, tout en laissant libre le passage de l'air, de la sorte les sous-produits qui sont détachés sous l'action des couteaux tombent par gravité et il est alors possible de les récupérer à la continue en disposant en bas de la turbine une bande transporteuse.Between a cutting knife and the axis of rotation of the corresponding rotor, bars are placed, parallel to said axis of rotation, on which the flax straws are pressed when the rotor rotates, which prevents the winding of straws around the attack knife. To complete the smoothing action, said bars can be replaced by secondary knives, flat materials, arranged parallel to the attack knives. This particular arrangement also makes it possible to significantly reduce the turbulence phenomena inside the turbine; the straw layer remains pressed on the secondary knives, while leaving free the passage of air, so the by-products which are detached under the action of the knives fall by gravity and it is then possible to recover them at continues by placing a conveyor belt at the bottom of the turbine.

Par ailleurs, la conformation des rotors à deux pales permet d'augmenter la surface de la section de la zone active de teillage tout en réduisant le dimensionnement de la turbine et tout en conservant l'efficacité nécessaire au teillage des pailles les plus longues. Pour ce faire, on dispose les deux rotors de telle sorte que pour chacun d'entre-eux le cylindre de révolution engendré par la ligne d'attaque de ses couteaux d'attaque passe au plus près de l'axe de rotation de l'autre rotor et que la ligne d'intersection des deux cylindres de révolution correspondants soit immédiatement en dessous et au plus près du point de pincement des pailles par les courroies de maintien et de transport.Furthermore, the conformation of the two-blade rotors makes it possible to increase the cross-sectional area of the active scouring zone while reducing the size of the turbine and while retaining the efficiency necessary for scouring the longest straws. To do this, the two rotors are arranged so that for each of them the cylinder of revolution generated by the line of attack of its attack knives passes as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the other rotor and that the line of intersection of the two corresponding cylinders of revolution is immediately below and as close as possible to the pinching point of the straws by the holding and transport belts.

Afin de régulariser la nappe de lin tout au long de son traitement dans la turbine, on adjoint aux couteaux des moyens actifs complémentaires, positionnés sur la surface extérieure de chaque pale. Il s'agit notamment de pointes écartées les unes des autres et alignées à la manière d'un peigne parallèlement à l'axe de rotation du rotor.In order to regularize the linen sheet throughout its treatment in the turbine, additional active means are added to the knives, positioned on the outer surface of each blade. These are in particular points spaced from each other and aligned like a comb parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide d'un exemple de réalisation décrit ci-après et illustré par le dessin annexé dans lequel: la figure 1 est une vue générale éclatée de la turbine de teillage selon l'invention,The invention will be better understood using an embodiment described below and illustrated by the appended drawing in which: FIG. 1 is a general exploded view of the scouring turbine according to the invention,

la figure 2 est une coupe transversale schématique de la turbine selon un plan passant par des bras supports de pâle,FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section of the turbine along a plane passing through blade support arms,

la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'une turbine décomposant les différentes phases de travail de la turbine.Figure 3 is a schematic view of a turbine breaking down the different working phases of the turbine.

Préalablement à son entrée dans la turbine 1, la paille de lin 2 a été froissée par passage en continue entre les cylindres cannelés, puis pincée aux deux tiers environ de sa longueur entre deux courroies, l'une mâle 3 et l'autre femelle 4. Ainsi la paille de lin 2 entre dans la turbine 1 sous la forme d'une nappe de lin qui pend librement à partir du point de pincement entre les deux courroies 3 et 4. Ces dernières se déplaçant à la même vitesse dans le sens de la flèche F1, la nappe 2 traverse la turbine, maintenue par les courroies 3 et 4, en passant entre les deux rotors 5 et 6. A la sortie de la turbine, les courroies 3 et 4 se séparent, et reviennent séparément vers le poste de saisie des pailles l'une 3 par dessous les rotors par l'intérieur de la turbine, l'autre 4 au-dessus de la turbine. Le rotor 5 tourne dans le sens de la flèche F2, le rotor 6 dans le sens inverse correspondant à la flèche F3, chacun agissant sur une face de la nappe 2 de lin. Chaque rotor comprend deux pales 7 et 7' tournant autour d'un axe 8. Les axes 8 de rotation des deux rotors 5 et 6 sont parallèles entre eux et parallèles aux courroies 3 et 4. Chaque pale 7 est constitueée d'un bras longitudinal 9 sur lequel sont fixés d'une part le couteau d'attaque 10 et d'autre part le couteau de lissage 11. Les couteaux ont la forme de barre de section de 50 x 3 mm pour les couteaux d'attaque 10 et de 30 x 2 mm pour les couteaux de lissage, ils font toute la longueur de la turbine de teillage. Le bras longitudinal 9 est muni de dispositifs porte-couteaux permettant un remplacement aisé des couteaux en cas d'usure de ceux-ci. Le couteau d'attaque 10 est positionné tangentiellement à son cercle de révolution 12 (en pointillé sur la figure 2) et le couteau de lissage 11 fait un angle de 30° avec la tangente 17 à ce cercle. Dans l'exemple choisi chaque rotor a un diamètre de 850 mm, leurs axes de rotation sont éloignés de 550 mm, et leur vitesse de rotation peut varier de 100 à 500 tours par minute. Chaque pale comporte également trois couteaux secondaires 13, qui sont des barres de section 30 x 2 mm parallèles aux couteaux d'attaque 10. L'ensemble des bras longitudinaux 9 et des couteaux secondaires 13 des deux pales d'un même rotor 5 est fixé sur des traverses transversales 14 régulièrement espacées le long de la turbine 1 et solidaires de l'axe 8 de rotation du rotor 5.Prior to its entry into the turbine 1, the flax straw 2 was crumpled by continuous passage between the fluted cylinders, then pinched at about two thirds of its length between two belts, one male 3 and the other female 4 Thus the flax straw 2 enters the turbine 1 in the form of a sheet of flax which hangs freely from the pinch point between the two belts 3 and 4. The latter moving at the same speed in the direction of arrow F1, the ply 2 crosses the turbine, held by the belts 3 and 4, passing between the two rotors 5 and 6. At the outlet of the turbine, the belts 3 and 4 separate, and return separately to the station gripping straws one 3 below the rotors from inside the turbine, the other 4 above the turbine. The rotor 5 rotates in the direction of the arrow F2, the rotor 6 in the opposite direction corresponding to the arrow F3, each acting on one face of the linen sheet 2. Each rotor comprises two blades 7 and 7 ′ rotating around an axis 8. The axes 8 of rotation of the two rotors 5 and 6 are mutually parallel and parallel to the belts 3 and 4. Each blade 7 consists of a longitudinal arm 9 on which are fixed on the one hand the attack knife 10 and on the other hand the smoothing knife 11. The knives have the shape of a section bar of 50 x 3 mm for the attack knives 10 and 30 x 2 mm for the smoothing knives, they run the entire length of the scouring turbine. The longitudinal arm 9 is provided with knife holder devices allowing easy replacement of the knives in the event of their wear. The attack knife 10 is positioned tangentially to its circle of revolution 12 (in dotted lines in FIG. 2) and the smoothing knife 11 makes an angle of 30 ° with the tangent 17 to this circle. In the example chosen, each rotor has a diameter of 850 mm, their axes of rotation are 550 mm apart, and their speed of rotation can vary from 100 to 500 revolutions per minute. Each blade also comprises three secondary knives 13, which are bars of section 30 x 2 mm parallel to the attack knives 10. The set of longitudinal arms 9 and secondary knives 13 of the two blades of the same rotor 5 is fixed on transverse cross members 14 regularly spaced along the turbine 1 and integral with the axis 8 of rotation of the rotor 5.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 et 3, les rotors 5 et 6 présentent à l'entrée de la turbine 1 un diamètre réduit, qui augmente progressivement jusqu'à atteindre le diamètre de 850 mm. Grâce à cette disposition, déjà connue dans les turbines conventionnelles, l'action des couteaux sur la nappe de pailles est plus progressive.In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, the rotors 5 and 6 have a reduced diameter at the inlet of the turbine 1, which gradually increases until reaching the diameter of 850 mm. Thanks to this arrangement, already known in conventional turbines, the action of the knives on the straw layer is more progressive.

Le fonctionnement de la turbine 1 de teillage est le suivant. La nappe 2 de pailles de lin se déplace dans la turbine 1 entre les deux rotors 5 et 6, ettout au long de son parcours est frappée successivement et alternativement par les couteaux d'attaque 10 des deux pales de teillage, de telle sorte que le couteau d'attaque 10 du rotor 5 racle la totalité d'une face de la nappe 2 avant que le couteau d'attaque 10 de l'autre rotor 6 n'agisse sur l'autre face. Le couteau d'attaque 10 frappe la nappe 2 près du point où celle-ci est pincée entre les deux courroies 3 et 4, puis racle toute la surface de la nappe 2. La figure 2 illustre l'action de chacun des couteaux; elle représente le rotor 6 alors que le couteau d'attaque 10 agit sur la partie basse de la nappe 2. La partie de la paille 2a en amont du couteau d'attaque 10 est plaquée sur les trois couteaux secondaires 13; la partie de la paille 2b au voisinage immédiat du couteau d'attaque 10 fait un angle aigu de valeur réduite, de l'ordre de 15°, dont l'angle au sommet est la ligne d'attaque du couteau 10; la partie de la paille 2c en aval du couteau d'attaque 10 est plaquée sur le couteau de lissage 11. Lors de la rotation du rotor, la paille 2 se déplace le long des différents couteaux: le couteau d'attaque 10 a une action violente due à l'attaque en elle-même et à l'angle pris par la paille 2 lors du raclage, les couteaux secondaires 13 et le couteau de lissage 11 ont une action complémentaire de finition et d'élimination des sous-produits.The operation of the scouring turbine 1 is as follows. The sheet 2 of flax straws moves in the turbine 1 between the two rotors 5 and 6, and all along its path is struck successively and alternately by the attack knives 10 of the two scouring blades, so that the attack knife 10 of the rotor 5 scrapes the whole of one face of the ply 2 before the attack knife 10 of the other rotor 6 acts on the other face. The attack knife 10 strikes the ply 2 near the point where it is pinched between the two belts 3 and 4, then scrapes the entire surface of the ply 2. Figure 2 illustrates the action of each of the knives; it represents the rotor 6 while the attack knife 10 acts on the lower part of the ply 2. The portion of the straw 2a upstream of the attack knife 10 is pressed against the three secondary knives 13; the part of the straw 2b in the immediate vicinity of the attack knife 10 makes an acute angle of reduced value, of the order of 15 °, whose angle at the top is the line of attack of the knife 10; the part of the straw 2c downstream of the attack knife 10 is pressed against the smoothing knife 11. When the rotor rotates, the straw 2 moves along the various knives: the attack knife 10 has an action violent due to the attack itself and the angle taken by the straw 2 during scraping, the secondary knives 13 and the smoothing knife 11 have a complementary action of finishing and elimination of by-products.

Les anas et les étoupes éliminés lors du teillage tombent par gravité sur le tapis transporteur 16, placé au fond de la turbine 1, et sont évacués de la turbine 1 par déplacement dudit tapis 16.The shives and the tows eliminated during scutching fall by gravity onto the conveyor belt 16, placed at the bottom of the turbine 1, and are evacuated from the turbine 1 by displacement of said carpet 16.

Cette évacuation par tapis transporteur n'est possible que grâce au faible niveau des turbulences engendrées par le matériel de teillage selon l'invention; en effet dans les turbines conventionelles la reprise des anas et des étoupes nécessite une forte aspiration à la partie inférieure de la turbine.This evacuation by conveyor belt is only possible thanks to the low level of turbulence generated by the scouring equipment according to the invention; indeed in conventional turbines the recovery of shives and tows requires a strong suction at the bottom of the turbine.

Selon un mode privilégié de réalisation, on dispose sur la face extérieure de chaque couteau d'attaque 10 des pointes 15, perpendiculaires au plan dudit couteau 10. Ces pointes 15 sont alignées à la façon d'un peigne dans le sens longitudinal de la turbine 1. Lors de la rotation du rotor, les pointes 15 pénètrent dans la nappe 2 de lin et ont une action de démélage et de régularisation des lanières fibreuses, à l'intérieur de la nappe 2. Cette disposition particulière permet d'accroître l'homogénéité de la nappe et de ce fait d'avoir une action de raclage des couteaux d'attaque 10 et de lissage des autres couteaux 11 et 13 plus régulière. Dans l'exemple décrit, chaque pointe 15 est visée de manière à faciliter son remplacement, présente une saillie franche par rapport à la surface extérieure du couteau d'attaque 10 de 15 mm et a un diamètre de 6 à 8 mm.According to a preferred embodiment, there are arranged on the outer face of each attack knife 10 tips 15, perpendicular to the plane of said knife 10. These tips 15 are aligned like a comb in the longitudinal direction of the turbine. 1. During the rotation of the rotor, the tips 15 penetrate into the sheet 2 of flax and have an action of untangling and regularizing the fibrous strips, inside the sheet 2. This particular arrangement makes it possible to increase the homogeneity of the ply and thereby having a scraping action of the attack knives 10 and smoothing of the other knives 11 and 13 more regular. In the example described, each point 15 is aimed so as to facilitate its replacement, has a sharp projection relative to the external surface of the cutting knife 10 of 15 mm and has a diameter of 6 to 8 mm.

La figure 3 illustre la décomposition de la turbine 1 dans ses différentes zones de travail. Une première zone A, dans laquelle les rotors ont un diamètre qui va en augmentant, correspond à l'introduction de la nappe 2; sa longueur est de 1 000 mm. Une deuxième zone B de préparation, dans laquelle chaque pale est garnie de pointes 15 espacées de 150 mm, sa longueur est de 3 000 mm. Une troisième zone C de finition, dans laquelle chaque pale est garnie de pointes 15 espacées de 100 mm; sa longueur est de 700 mm. Une quatrième zone D d'extraction de 300 mm.Figure 3 illustrates the breakdown of the turbine 1 in its different working areas. A first zone A, in which the rotors have an increasing diameter, corresponds to the introduction of the ply 2; its length is 1000 mm. A second preparation zone B, in which each blade is provided with spikes 15 spaced 150 mm apart, its length is 3,000 mm. A third finishing zone C, in which each blade is provided with spikes 15 spaced 100 mm apart; its length is 700 mm. A fourth extraction zone D of 300 mm.

Grâce au matériel décrit, on a pu obtenir pour un même lot de lin un grain de l'ordre de dix pour cent de lin teillé par rapport à un matériel conventionnel.Thanks to the equipment described, it was possible to obtain, for the same batch of flax, a grain of the order of ten percent of dyed flax compared to conventional equipment.

Claims (11)

1. A flax scutching machine, of the type comprising two identical rotating rotors (5, 6) with parallel axes (8) rotating in opposite directions to one another and provided with blades and knives distributed uniformly with respect to the axis of rotation of the corresponding rotor, said knives each acting on one surface of the continuous lap of flax stalks, characterised in that the angular spacing between the knives (10) is at least equal to twice the arc of intersection of the rotors (5, 6), the knives (10) of one rotor (5) being phase-shifted with respect to the other rotor (6) by half the said angular spacing.
2. A flax scutching machine according to claim 1, characterised in that each rotor (5, 6) comprises only two working knives (10) disposed diametrically opposite one another and in that the two rotors (5, 6) are disposed in such manner with respect to one another that when the lines of attack of the two working knives (10) of one (5) of the rotors are in the plane passing through the axes of rotation (8) of the two rotors the said plane is perpendicular to the plane passing through the lines of attack of the two cutting knives of the other rotor (6).
3. A flax scutching machine according to claim 2, characterised in that a working knife (10) is a plane rigid material disposed approximately tangentially with respect to the cylinder of revolution (12) it produces on rotation of the rotor (5).
4. A flax scutching machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that each blade (7) of a rotor (5) comprises a smoothing knife (11).
5. A flax scutching machine according to claim 4, characterised in that the smoothing knife (11) is a plane rigid material disposed to form an angle of about 30° with the tangent (17) to the cylinder of revolution (12) produced by the working knife (10) during its rotation.
6. A flax scutching machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that a smoothing knife (11) is disposed immediately downstream of a working knife (10) and in that the ends of the working and smoothing knives (10, 11 ) of one and the same rotor (5) are on the same cylinder of revolution (12).
7. A flax scutching machine according to claim 3, characterised in that each blade (7) of a rotor (5) comprises secondary knives (13) parallel to the working knives (10) and disposed between the working knife (10) and the axis of rotation (8) of said rotor (5).
8. A flax scutching machine according to claim 7, characterised in that it comprises a conveyor belt
(16) disposed beneath the rotors (5, 6) in the longitudinal direction of the turbine (1).
9. A flax scutching machine according to claim 3, characterised in that it comprises additional operative regularization means (15) disposed on the outer surface of each blade (7).
10. A flax scutching machine according to claim 9, characterised in that the operative regularization means comprise prongs (15) spaced apart after the style of a comb.
EP19860401210 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Method and apparatus for flax scutching Expired EP0209410B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509255 1985-06-18
FR8509255A FR2583434B1 (en) 1985-06-18 1985-06-18 PROCESS AND MATERIAL FOR BEE-LINING

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0209410A1 EP0209410A1 (en) 1987-01-21
EP0209410B1 true EP0209410B1 (en) 1989-05-24

Family

ID=9320386

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860401210 Expired EP0209410B1 (en) 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Method and apparatus for flax scutching

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0209410B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3663539D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2583434B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9118934D0 (en) * 1991-09-05 1991-10-23 Mini Agriculture & Fisheries Fibre separating machine
CN111139534B (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-20 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 Improved ramie decorticating device
CN113584602B (en) * 2021-08-04 2022-10-11 山东常美机械制造有限公司 Sisal leaf scraping device for agriculture

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR671958A (en) * 1928-04-27 1929-12-20 Boby Ltd Robert scatters or scutching blades for scutching machines for flax and similar fibrous materials
GB514221A (en) * 1938-01-04 1939-11-02 Automatic Flax Production Unit Improvements in machines for scutching flax or like plant stalks
FR1030930A (en) * 1950-06-27 1953-06-18 Method and installation for treating plants and textile fibers to form a material ready for spinning
FR1053851A (en) * 1951-04-24 1954-02-05 Sativa Corp Improvements made to shelling machines for fibrous materials
FR2142766A1 (en) * 1971-06-24 1973-02-02 Staelen Pierre Fibre hackling machine - for scutched flax

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2583434B1 (en) 1988-04-08
FR2583434A1 (en) 1986-12-19
DE3663539D1 (en) 1989-06-29
EP0209410A1 (en) 1987-01-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BE1004204A3 (en) Processing machine for separation and fibre plants.
CH616182A5 (en)
FR2504945A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIBER RELEASE SPINNING
EP0209410B1 (en) Method and apparatus for flax scutching
FR2620896A1 (en) Device for harvesting fibrous plants, in particular flax, with threshing of the seeds and summary extraction of the fibre in the field
EP0317681B1 (en) Method and apparatus for the continuous preparation of plant stalks
FR2900024A1 (en) Device for cleaning, decapsulating, thrashing and/or aligning fibrous vegetable material, e.g. linen, comprises motor-driven decapsulater having annular blades with rounded profile
BE1005976A6 (en) Method and device for drawing a ribbon to reduce its density linear.
EP0110745B1 (en) Method and apparatus for the mechanical treatment of vegetal fibres, especially for flax scutching
FR2480799A1 (en) Direct spinning of textile fibres without rotor - using offset surfaces moving in the same direction
EP0517635A1 (en) Woollen card
FR2651800A1 (en) Method and device for purifying and making parallel plant stems, for example flax stems, arranged in a layer
FR2646587A1 (en) Machine for ginning flax
BE532235A (en)
FR2635339A1 (en) FREE SPINNING TYPE SPINNING PROCESS, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
BE478416A (en)
FR2677378A1 (en) CARDE DITE "WOOL".
FR2847914A1 (en) Flax stripping procedure and apparatus uses blades positioned round rotor to form a cone that starts cleaning at the ends of the flax stems
BE502244A (en)
BE397729A (en)
FR2620897A1 (en) Device for harvesting seeds for plants whose stem is kept intact
FR2600345A1 (en) Machine for the treatment of vegetable stalks of fibrous materials
BE533205A (en)
BE515944A (en)
EP0288358A1 (en) Method and apparatus for improving the flax separation into fibres

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870625

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880801

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE GB IT NL

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3663539

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890629

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19920529

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19920622

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19920629

Year of fee payment: 7

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19920630

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19930605

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19930630

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: INSTITUT TEXTILE DE FRANCE

Effective date: 19930630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19940101

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930605

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19940301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050605