EP0317681B1 - Method and apparatus for the continuous preparation of plant stalks - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the continuous preparation of plant stalks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0317681B1
EP0317681B1 EP87402990A EP87402990A EP0317681B1 EP 0317681 B1 EP0317681 B1 EP 0317681B1 EP 87402990 A EP87402990 A EP 87402990A EP 87402990 A EP87402990 A EP 87402990A EP 0317681 B1 EP0317681 B1 EP 0317681B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sheet
stalks
longitudinally
rippling
movement
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EP87402990A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0317681A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Delva
Dominique Dubois
Michel Fausten
René Kalinski
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LIN DEVELOPPEMENT SA
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LIN DEVELOPPEMENT SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp, as well as to a preparation installation allowing the implementation of said process.
  • flax and other stems of similar plants have been cultivated on the one hand, their textile fibers and on the other hand their seeds providing oil.
  • the elementary fibers are agglutinated to each other by a pectoligneous complex to constitute the fibrous bundles. These are arranged at the periphery of the stem in the Liberian zone and are strongly adherent to the central woody trunk.
  • Retting consists in separating the fibrous bundles from the woody trunk by biological effect.
  • Ginning consists of stripping the ends of the textile stalks from seeds and seed holders.
  • the main purpose of scutching is generally to separate the fibers from the wood. For this, the stems undergo grinding and threshing operations to break the woods, to make the shives fall or woody debris.
  • Such a device comprises two drums rotated in opposite directions between which the rods continuously advance by pinching between strands of a set of belts, defining the direction of movement of the ply and extending perpendicular to the rods.
  • This device shown in Figures 2 and 3, will be explained below Processes for the separation of fibrous and woody elements from textile plants with bast fibers are already known.
  • the straws which have previously been red, are arranged transversely and are pinched in the middle between two profiled belts, fitted one inside the other, which by their rectilinear displacement successively present the half on the "head” side and the half on the "foot” side. straws on the working parts of the machine.
  • total flax another scouring technique, called “total flax”, has been used for several decades for the scorching of unroasted “green” flax and for scouring of burnt flax.
  • This increase in speed between the mills also causes an axial orientation of the fibers of the web.
  • This technique was also used for reworking the tows.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp or the like, which makes it possible in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a set of fibers clean and divided in particular to be used directly on woolen textile material.
  • bast fibers such as flax, hemp or the like
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of the stems of plants which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous product from different batches of straw, that is to say a product identical to itself over time and regardless of the quality of the stems of the same harvest.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of plant stalks, such as in particular flax or hemp, which makes it possible to work a web continuously. From a heterogeneous sheet of straw, the process promotes homogenization of the product obtained.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation installation allowing the implementation of the method of the present invention, which makes it possible to carry out the various treatments such as, in particular, ginning, scutching, cleaning, in line, the web moving through said installation at different speeds depending on the stations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an installation for the continuous preparation of plant stems which makes it possible to obtain a set of fibers of good quality, immediately usable, which lowers the cost price of the treatment and consequently of the spinning.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents an overall view from above of a plant for the continuous preparation of plant stems according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a partial top view of the ginning station of the installation of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the axis III-III of the device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a top view of the “lapper spreader” device of the installation of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows the structure of the ply at the outlet of the lapper spreader shown in FIG. 4.
  • Figures 6a to 6c schematically show the principle of formation of the sheet as shown in Figure 5 in a lapping spreader station.
  • Figure 7 shows a detail of the installation of Figure 1 and in particular the cleaning and defibration.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the speeds of the sheet being treated in the various workstations of the installation shown in FIG. 1.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems as well as to an installation making it possible to implement said process.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of said installation is shown as an example in FIG. 1.
  • This installation allows the continuous preparation of plant stems and comprises the traditional stages of flax treatment, namely ginning, scutching and cleaning.
  • a ply of stems is scoured, as illustrated by the arrows in FIG. 1.
  • said stems are neither guided nor maintained, placed at least on two layers and arranged longitudinally in the direction of movement.
  • the latter are arranged in a sheet so that they can be worked longitudinally from the core towards their extremities.
  • the continuous preparation process makes it possible to work on a sheet set in motion in continuous advance.
  • the tablecloth, along the path it travels, has two distinct configurations which will be called the first ply of stems and the second ply of stems.
  • the rods are arranged perpendicular to the direction of advance of the tablecloth.
  • the ply consists of rods arranged substantially parallel to the direction of advance of the ply.
  • a first ply of rods (12) is formed, the structure of which is illustrated in particular at the station (3) in FIG. 1 or at the input of the station (6) in FIG. 4.
  • the plant stems constituting it are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of advance of the layer, shown diagrammatically by the arrow (13) in FIG. 6, and placed at least on one layer .
  • the rods are arranged in this way and are wound on several layers of density "D1".
  • the first layer is animated by a continuous advance movement at a speed "V1".
  • the installation includes a dividing device whose input speed is "V1" and whose output speed is “V2" in order to allow a different density "D2".
  • "D2" is greater than “D1” if "V2" is less than “V1” and conversely, the density “D2” is lower than that "D1” if the output speed "V2" is greater than the input speed "V1".
  • the essential phase of work on said first ply (12) consists in eliminating the seeds and seed holders from the stems in a ginning device (4) capable of working the stems forming said first ply (12) transversely to the direction of advance (13) of said ply (12).
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show in detail an embodiment of an element of said ginner FR-A-2,562,916, and reference should be made to this document.
  • FIG. 2 represents a set of drums (14) and (15) which are rotated in opposite directions but at the same speed by any known means around their axes (16) and (17) which are located in the same vertical plane "P" as shown in Figure 3.
  • the rods constituting said first ply (12) continuously advance by pinching between strands facing a set of endless belts (18, 19) extending perpendicular to the rods whose direction of movement is designated by "F1" marked by the arrow (13).
  • Figure 2 shows only one set of drums.
  • the device (4) consists of several assemblies as shown schematically in Figure 1, which allow on the one hand to work the ends of upper rods to shell and remove the seed holders, and the feet to soften them .
  • the inclination "A" is oriented in a direction such that, from the entry to the exit of the ginning device (4), the projection on the web (12) of the axes (16) and (17) of the drums (14) and (15) progressively approaches the ends (21) of the stems to prepare the stems of the heart towards their ends as the stems advance.
  • each of the drums (14) and (15) carries blades (22, 23) cooperating with each other to impart a slight curvature (24) to the rods due to their arrangement and their relative rotation, in order to prepare the stems without breaking them and crushing the tablecloth (12).
  • the blades (22, 23) are angularly spaced from each other by angles "B1", “B2” such that the edges of said blades are spaced from each other by a distance "E1", “E2 "very much higher than their maximum thickness "e”.
  • the blades (22, 23) are out of phase from one drum to another in order to always pass at a certain distance from each other.
  • the axes (17) and (16) of the drums are spaced from each other by a distance "X” such that the edge of a blade (22) located in the plane “P" of the axes (16, 17) enters between the edges of the blades (23) of the other drum only a distance "Y” just sufficient to impart a slight curvature (24) to the rods constituting the ply (12), which, however, pass with a certain clearance "J" above the side face of this other drum.
  • X the edge of a blade (22) located in the plane "P" of the axes (16, 17) enters between the edges of the blades (23) of the other drum only a distance "Y” just sufficient to impart a slight curvature (24) to the rods constituting the ply (12), which, however, pass with a certain clearance "J" above the side face of this other drum.
  • the blades are arranged in a helical pitch, opposite from one drum to the other, and inclined relative to the axis drums with an angle equal to "C" substantially corresponding to the angle "A".
  • the stems of the tablecloth have their ends, head and foot, perfectly softened and devoid of seeds, seed carriers and roots.
  • the scutching operation can then be carried out.
  • a second ply (25) of rods is formed, from said first ply (12), which is animated with a continuous advance movement, shown diagrammatically. by the arrows (26) in Figures 1 and 4, substantially perpendicular to that of the first ply.
  • said rods forming the second ply (25) are arranged substantially parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of advance of the second layer and placed at least on two layers.
  • the first ply (12) is guided on a first support surface (27) then the end (28) of said ply (12) is forced in a periodic movement back and forth and it is deposited the rods on a second support surface (29) in continuous movement whose direction of movement (26) is perpendicular to that (13) of the first support surface (27).
  • said rods making up the new ply known as the second ply (25) are arranged substantially parallel to one another on the support surface (29), and given the advance movement of the latter, the rods are placed in a zigzag pattern on at least two layers.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show in particular the arrangement of the rods in the first ply and said second ply.
  • the arrangement of the rods longitudinally in the direction of the second ply (25) on at least two layers is particularly advantageous because it gives a certain homogeneity of mass to the ply in order to improve the subsequent treatment thereof.
  • the tablecloth at the end, is preferably formed by two layers of tiles. The sliding of the coating is carried out by overlap and it is necessary to achieve an overlap of the order of 50% otherwise there would be significant differences in density.
  • the present inventors have thought of using such a device, initially intended for another application, with the aim of obtaining a different result, namely the pivoting of rods arranged parallel to each other transversely to their direction of advance, in order to then place them. in the longitudinal direction of movement, this also on at least layers arranged like tiles to allow the relative sliding of the tiles and favor the thinning of the sheet.
  • FIGS. 6 illustrate the operating principle of a spreader-lapper device which has given good results in the application to the transfer of flax stalks.
  • first load-bearing surface constituted in particular by an endless conveyor belt (27) capable of supporting the sheet (12) and of moving it according to the direction of advance (13), as well as a second load-bearing surface constituted by another endless belt conveyor (29) animated by a forward movement illustrated by the arrow (26) substantially perpendicular to that (13) of the conveyor (27).
  • This second conveyor (29) is able to receive the second ply of rods (25) arranged longitudinally on at least two layers.
  • the first guide mats (30) and second guide mats (31) are arranged so as to form a guide channel (34), this up to the end (28) of said first tablecloth (12).
  • Figures 6a to 6c show three positions corresponding for example to the outward stroke.
  • the second carriage (33) is located at the lateral end of the ply (25) and in FIG. 6c, the carriage (33) is at the opposite end.
  • the width "Lf" of the second ply (25) is thus defined by the stroke of the carriage (33).
  • the input speeds "Ve” and output speeds “Vs” determine the number of folds "Np” and implicitly the density “Ds" of said second sheet.
  • FIG. 8 represents a speed diagram (in meters per minute) at the various stations of the installation of FIG. 1.
  • said second sheet (25) At the end of this formation of said second sheet (25), it is then directed successively to the grinding station (8) then to the inclined cleaner station (9) in which the sheet is cleaned and separated. impurities, then to the defibration station (10) in order to deliver a veil of textile fibers suitable for use on woolen material.
  • the grinding station (8) it will advantageously be formed from known devices and will in particular be constituted by a set of eight pairs of grooved rollers in treated steel, the lower rollers being mounted on fixed bearings and the upper rollers being mobile, mounted on slide bearings and kept under pressure by double-acting pneumatic cylinder.
  • a fiber transfer conveyor belt is provided between each group of rollers of the grinding device (8).
  • This strip will preferably have a width at least greater than that of the straw stems for avoid cracking of the fibers by the difference in speed of the mills.
  • an inclined transfer conveyor belt is used for the automatic feeding of the cleaning element (9).
  • Figure 7 shows the cleaning and defibration part of the installation.
  • the cleaning station (9) comprises at its entrance a magnetic system for eliminating the metal parts found in the sheet thus worked, then comprises several drums with conical bats (35).
  • the fine and high-speed sheet leaving the mills is introduced into the drum cleaner without condensation or slowing down, which allows better separation of shives and dust.
  • the defibration assembly is composed of a first module (36) called a "opener defibrator" module constituted as input in a traditional manner by a hedgehog roller working at adjustable pressure, followed by an opener drum (37) equipped moats furnished with a multitude of inclined points, followed by a combing drum (38) also equipped with a moat furnished with a multitude of inclined points.
  • a first module 36) called a "opener defibrator” module constituted as input in a traditional manner by a hedgehog roller working at adjustable pressure, followed by an opener drum (37) equipped moats furnished with a multitude of inclined points, followed by a combing drum (38) also equipped with a moat furnished with a multitude of inclined points.
  • the second part of the defibration station (10) comprises a module called "opener finisher” (39) provided with one or more working elements with stripper comprising a first opening drum (40) equipped with staves furnished with a plurality of inclined points , followed by a second combing drum (41) also equipped with staves furnished with inclined points.
  • the working machines are equipped with a dust collection and continuous discharge of waste to eliminate it.
  • a hydraulic baler (11) of high power is provided, equipped with a pressure plate capable of making bales with the fibers delivered, as well as an automatic ligating system for strapping the said fibers. bullets.
  • a machine of this type is also known to those skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the continuous preparation of plant stalks producing bast fibres, such as flax and hemp, involving particularly a ginning stage and a stripping stage, and to a preparation installation making it possible to carry out said method. According to the invention, a previously prepared sheet of stalks (25) driven in a continuous advancing movement (26) is stripped, said stalks being neither guided nor maintained, being placed at least in two layers and being arranged longitudinally in the direction of movement. For this, the installation comprises means (6) for the formation of a sheet (25) of stalks, located upstream of the stripping means, to form a continuously moving sheet of stalks (25), said stalks being arranged longitudinally in the direction of movement (26), parallel to one another and placed at least in two layers. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un procédé de préparation en continu de tiges de végétaux produisant des fibres libériennes, telles que le lin, le chanvre, ainsi qu'à une installation de préparation permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp, as well as to a preparation installation allowing the implementation of said process.

Elle trouvera notamment son application dans l'industrie textile pour la réalisation de voiles de fibres obtenues à partir des tiges de végétaux traités, aptes à être prises par du matériel textile traditionnel.It will find its application in particular in the textile industry for the production of fiber veils obtained from the stems of treated plants, suitable for being taken up by traditional textile material.

Depuis très longtemps, le lin et autres tiges de végétaux similaires sont cultivés pour d'une part, leurs fibres textiles et d'autre part leurs graines fournissant de l'huile.For a very long time, flax and other stems of similar plants have been cultivated on the one hand, their textile fibers and on the other hand their seeds providing oil.

Dans le cas spécifique du lin, après la récolte des tiges de végétaux durant l'été, on fait subir auxdites tiges différentes opérations telles que le rouissage, l'égrenage, le teillage.In the specific case of flax, after harvesting the stems of plants during the summer, said stems are subjected to various operations such as retting, ginning, scutching.

Dans la tige, les fibres élémentaires sont agglutinées les unes aux autres par un complexe pectoligneux pour constituer les faisceaux fibreux. Ceux-ci sont disposés à la périphérie de la tige dans la zone libérienne et sont fortement adhérents au tronc ligneux central.In the stem, the elementary fibers are agglutinated to each other by a pectoligneous complex to constitute the fibrous bundles. These are arranged at the periphery of the stem in the Liberian zone and are strongly adherent to the central woody trunk.

Le rouissage consiste à désolidariser les faisceaux fibreux du tronc ligneux par effet biologique.Retting consists in separating the fibrous bundles from the woody trunk by biological effect.

L'égrenage consiste à démunir les extrémités des tiges textiles des graines et porte-graines.Ginning consists of stripping the ends of the textile stalks from seeds and seed holders.

Le teillage, d'une manière générale, a pour but essentiel de séparer les fibres du bois. Pour cela, les tiges subissent des opérations de broyage et de battage pour casser les bois, en faire tomber les anas ou débris ligneux.The main purpose of scutching is generally to separate the fibers from the wood. For this, the stems undergo grinding and threshing operations to break the woods, to make the shives fall or woody debris.

On connaît notamment du document FR-A-2.562.916 un dispositif égreneur qui permet une étape de préparation des tiges au cours de laquelle les tiges ont leurs extrémités, tête et pied, parfaitement assouplies et dépourvues de graines, de porte graines et de racines.Particularly known from document FR-A-2,562,916 is a ginning device which allows a step of preparing the stems during which the stems have their ends, head and foot, perfectly softened and devoid of seeds, seed holder and roots. .

Un tel dispositif comporte deux tambours mis en rotation en sens contraire entre lesquels les tiges avancent continuellement par pincements entre des brins d'un jeu de courroies, définissant le sens de déplacement de la nappe et s'étendant perpendiculairement aux tiges. Cette dispositif, représentée aux figures 2 et 3, sera expliquée ci-après
   On connaît déja des procédés de séparation des éléments fibreux et ligneux des plantes textiles à fibres libériennes.Such a device comprises two drums rotated in opposite directions between which the rods continuously advance by pinching between strands of a set of belts, defining the direction of movement of the ply and extending perpendicular to the rods. This device, shown in Figures 2 and 3, will be explained below
Processes for the separation of fibrous and woody elements from textile plants with bast fibers are already known.

Le procédé classique de "teillage" - opération destinée à séparer la partie ligneuse du coeur de la tige (appelée "anas") de la couronne de fibres textiles cellulosiques située en périphérie - est basé sur le principe du transport continu de la paille à travers les organes d'une machine appelée "teilleuse".The classic "scutching" process - an operation intended to separate the woody part of the heart of the stem (called "anas") from the crown of cellulosic textile fibers located at the periphery - is based on the principle of continuous transport of the straw through the organs of a machine called a "screener".

Les pailles, préalablement rouies, sont disposées transversalement et sont pincées en leur milieu entre deux courroies profilées, emboîtées l'une dans l'autre, qui par leur déplacement rectiligne présentent successivement la moitiée côté "tête" et la moitié côté "pied" des pailles aux organes de travail de la machine.The straws, which have previously been red, are arranged transversely and are pinched in the middle between two profiled belts, fitted one inside the other, which by their rectilinear displacement successively present the half on the "head" side and the half on the "foot" side. straws on the working parts of the machine.

Ceux-ci comprennent principalement :

  • un système d'égrenage, destiné à séparer les capsules et graines de la plante,
  • des broyeurs à rouleaux cannelés destinés à casser le coeur ligneux des tiges (anas),
  • des turbines de teillage formées de deux tambours tournant en sens inverse et munis de lames de travail qui séparent des fibres les anas préalablement broyés.
These mainly include:
  • a ginning system, intended to separate the capsules and seeds from the plant,
  • fluted roller mills intended to break the woody core of the stems (anas),
  • scouring turbines formed by two drums rotating in opposite directions and provided with working blades which separate the previously crushed shives from the fibers.

Cela étant, au cours du teillage par des méthodes traditionnelles, une partie importante des extrémités des fibres de "tête" et de "pied" est arrachée par l'action brutale des lames de turbines de teillage et ne reste pas solidaire des courroies de transport qui ressortent des "filasses" teillées en bout de machine.However, during scouring by traditional methods, a significant part of the ends of the fibers of "head" and "foot" is torn off by the brutal action of the blades of scouring turbines and does not remain integral with the conveyor belts that stand out from "yarns" spotted at the end of the machine.

Ces fibres plus courtes, appelées "étoupes de teillage" sont récupérées en mélange avec les anas et doivent subir des opérations coûteuses de secouage et de retravail, pour les nettoyer et les diviser avant de pouvoir être utilisées en filature.These shorter fibers, called "scutching tows" are recovered in a mixture with the shives and must undergo expensive shaking and reworking operations to clean and divide them before they can be used for spinning.

Malgré diverses évolutions techniques, liées aux méthodes d'arrachage et de ramassage des pailles dans les champs, notamment enroulage de l'andain en balles rondes, cette méthode de teillage demande une main d'oeuvre importante et la filasse produite est hétérogène.Despite various technical developments, linked to the methods of uprooting and collecting straw in the fields, in particular winding the swath in round bales, this scutching method requires a large workforce and the tow produced is heterogeneous.

Dans le cas particulier du lin, une autre technique de teillage, appelée "lin total", a été utilisée depuis plusieurs dizaines d'années pour le teillage du lin "vert" non roui et pour le teillage du lin roui.In the particular case of flax, another scouring technique, called "total flax", has been used for several decades for the scorching of unroasted "green" flax and for scouring of burnt flax.

Cette technique est caractérisée par quatre éléments principaux :

  • 1°/ la paille de lin est traitée en continu, en vrac, sous forme de nappe, sans que les tiges ne soient ni orientées, ni pincées dans des courroies de transport,
  • 2°/ la séparation de la fibre et des anas est faite par une série de broyages suivis de secouages, sans battage des pailles par des lames comme dans les teilleuses classiques,
  • 3°/ de ce fait, il n'y a pas arrachement d'étoupes et les fibres textiles recueillies forment un ensemble homogène qui peut être travaillé par cardage pour former une bourre ou un ruban,
  • 4°/ une augmentation de vitesse entre chaque train de broyeurs peut permettre un broyage plus fin sur une nappe de fibres moins épaisse.
This technique is characterized by four main elements:
  • 1 ° / the flax straw is treated continuously, in bulk, in the form of a tablecloth, without the stems being neither oriented nor pinched in conveyor belts,
  • 2 ° / the separation of the fiber and the shives is made by a series of grindings followed by shaking, without threshing of the straws with blades as in conventional tillers,
  • 3 ° / as a result, there is no tearing of tows and the textile fibers collected form a homogeneous whole which can be worked by carding to form a flock or a ribbon,
  • 4 ° / an increase in speed between each mill train can allow finer grinding on a sheet of thinner fibers.

Cette augmentation de vitesse entre les broyeurs provoque également une orientation axiale des fibres de la nappe.This increase in speed between the mills also causes an axial orientation of the fibers of the web.

Néanmoins, cette technique est restée peu développée industriellement en raison :

  • du coût élevé des investissements en matériel par rapport à la capacité de production de la machine,
  • du manque de propreté et de division des fibres produites vis-à-vis d'une utilisation textile,
  • de la difficulté d'égrenage et d'enlèvement des porte-graines.
However, this technique has remained underdeveloped industrially due to:
  • the high cost of investment in equipment compared to the production capacity of the machine,
  • the lack of cleanliness and division of the fibers produced vis-à-vis a textile use,
  • difficulty in ginning and removing seed holders.

Cette technique a été également employée pour le retravail des étoupes.This technique was also used for reworking the tows.

La qualité du travail étant fortement influencée par le degré hygrométrique de la matière entrante, la plupart des machines ont été équipées d'un séchoir à air chaud pour conditionner la matière avant broyage.As the quality of work is strongly influenced by the humidity of the incoming material, most of the machines have been fitted with a hot air dryer to condition the material before grinding.

En conclusion, les inconvénients des systèmes existants se résument par la production d'un ensemble de fibres de qualité tout à fait moyenne et difficilement exploitable sur un matériel traditionnel léger tel qu'un matériel lainier.In conclusion, the drawbacks of existing systems can be summed up by the production of a set of fibers of quite average quality and difficult to use on traditional light equipment such as woolen material.

Cela étant, on connaît du document français FR-A-2.234.395 un dispositif "étaleur-nappeur", appliqué dans l'industrie textile des machines recevant un voile de faible épaisseur et d'une largeur déterminée, fabriqué par une carde à partir de bourre, qui transforme par repliage ce voile en une nappe ayant une épaisseur supérieure à celle du voile et une largeur en général différente de celle du voile.That said, we know from French document FR-A-2,234,395 a “spreader-lapper” device, applied in the textile industry of machines receiving a thin web and a determined width, manufactured by a card from of flock, which transforms by folding this veil into a sheet having a thickness greater than that of the veil and a width generally different from that of the veil.

Un tel dispositif n'a pas du tout d'application dans le domaine de la préparation des tiges de végétaux produisant des fibres libériennes. Le résultat qu'il autorise est totalement étranger à ce domaine.Such a device has no application at all in the field of the preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers. The result it authorizes is totally foreign to this area.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de préparation en continu de tiges de végétaux produisant des fibres libériennes, telles que le lin, le chanvre ou similaire, qui permette notamment de pallier aux inconvénients précités et particulièrement de fournir un ensemble de fibres propres et divisées notamment pour être utilisées directement sur un matériel textile lainier.The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp or the like, which makes it possible in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a set of fibers clean and divided in particular to be used directly on woolen textile material.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de fournir un procédé de préparation en continu des tiges de végétaux qui permette d'obtenir un produit homogène à partir de différents lots de paille, c'est-à-dire un produit identique à lui-même dans le temps et quelle que soit la qualité des tiges d'une même récolte.Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of the stems of plants which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous product from different batches of straw, that is to say a product identical to itself over time and regardless of the quality of the stems of the same harvest.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de préparation en continu de tiges de végétaux, tels que notamment le lin ou le chanvre, qui permette de travailler une nappe en continu. A partir d'une nappe de pailles hétérogène, le procédé favorise une homogénéisation du produit obtenu.Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the continuous preparation of plant stalks, such as in particular flax or hemp, which makes it possible to work a web continuously. From a heterogeneous sheet of straw, the process promotes homogenization of the product obtained.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une installation de préparation permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la présente invention, qui permette de réaliser les différents traitements tels que notamment égrénage, teillage, nettoyage, en ligne, la nappe défilant dans ladite installation à des vitesses différentes selon les postes.Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation installation allowing the implementation of the method of the present invention, which makes it possible to carry out the various treatments such as, in particular, ginning, scutching, cleaning, in line, the web moving through said installation at different speeds depending on the stations.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une installation de préparation en continu des tiges de végétaux qui permette d'obtenir un ensemble de fibres de bonne qualité, immédiatement exploitable, ce qui abaisse le coût de revient du traitement et par suite de la filature.Another object of the present invention is to provide an installation for the continuous preparation of plant stems which makes it possible to obtain a set of fibers of good quality, immediately usable, which lowers the cost price of the treatment and consequently of the spinning.

D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre qui n'est cependant donnée qu'à titre indicatif et qui n'a pas pour but de la limiter.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows which is however given only for information and which is not intended to limit it.

Selon la présente invention, le procédé de préparation de tiges de végétaux produisant des fibres libériennes, telles que le lin, le chanvre, au cours duquel procédé les tiges subissent au moins une étape d'égrenage par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif égreneur et une étape de teillage, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de teillage (8), est caractérisé en ce que :

  • on forme une nappe de tiges, préalablement préparées lors d'une étape d'égrenage, dans laquelle on dispose lesdites tiges sensiblement parallèles entre elles et longitudinalement par rapport au sens du mouvement de ladite nappe et on réalise un tuilage des tiges ainsi qu'un glissement des tuiles les unes sur les autres pour que lesdites tiges soient prévues au moins sur deux couches,
  • on anime ladite nappe de tiges d'un mouvement d'avance continue, et on dirige la nappe ainsi formée vers un dispositif de teillage pour travailler les tiges longitudinalement selon le sens de l'avance de la nappe.
According to the present invention, the process for the preparation of plant stems producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp, during which process the stems undergo at least one ginning step by means of a ginning device and a scouring step, by means of a scouring device (8), is characterized in that:
  • forming a ply of rods, previously prepared during a ginning step, in which said rods are arranged substantially parallel to one another and longitudinally with respect to the direction of movement of said ply and a tiling of the rods is carried out as well as a sliding of the tiles over one another so that said rods are provided at least in two layers,
  • said ply of rods is animated with a continuous advance movement, and the ply thus formed is directed towards a scouring device for working the rods longitudinally in the direction of advance of the ply.

L'installation de préparation de tiges de végétaux, permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la présente invention, comprenant au moins successivement un dispositif égreneur et un dispositif de teillage, est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte :

  • des moyens pour former une nappe de tiges dans laquelle lesdites tiges sont disposées sensiblement parallèles entre elles, et longitudinalement par rapport au sens de mouvement de ladite nappe, et pour réaliser un tuilage des tiges ainsi qu'un glissement des tuiles les unes sur les autres, pour que lesdites tiges soient prévues au moins sur deux couches,
  • des moyens pour transporter ladite nappe selon un mouvement d'avance continue et soumettre lesdites tiges, au moins sur deux couches, longitudinalement selon le sens de mouvement, au dispositif de teillage qui présente au moins des outils de broyage pour travailler les tiges longitudinalement selon le sens de l'avance de la nappe.
The plant for the preparation of plant stems, enabling the process of the present invention to be implemented, comprising at least successively a ginning device and a scouring device, is characterized in that it comprises:
  • means for forming a ply of rods in which said rods are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and longitudinally with respect to the direction of movement of said ply, and for tiling the rods and sliding the tiles one over the other , so that said rods are provided at least on two layers,
  • means for transporting said ply in a continuous advance movement and subjecting said rods, at least in two layers, longitudinally along the direction of movement, to the scouring device which has at least grinding tools for working the rods longitudinally along the direction of the tablecloth advance.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de le description suivante accompagnée des dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.The present invention will be better understood on reading the following description accompanied by the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement une vue d'ensemble de dessus d'une installation de préparation en continu de tiges de végétaux selon la présente invention.FIG. 1 schematically represents an overall view from above of a plant for the continuous preparation of plant stems according to the present invention.

La figure 2 montre une vue de dessus partielle du poste d'égrenage de l'installation de la figure 1.Figure 2 shows a partial top view of the ginning station of the installation of Figure 1.

La figure 3 montre une vue en coupe selon l'axe III-III du dispositif de la figure 2.FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the axis III-III of the device of FIG. 2.

La figure 4 montre schématiquement une vue de dessus du dispositif "étaleur nappeur" de l'installation de la présente invention représentée à la figure 1.FIG. 4 schematically shows a top view of the “lapper spreader” device of the installation of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.

La figure 5 montre la structure de la nappe en sortie de l'étaleur nappeur représenté à la figure 4.FIG. 5 shows the structure of the ply at the outlet of the lapper spreader shown in FIG. 4.

Les figures 6a à 6c montrent schématiquement le principe de formation de la nappe telle que représentée à la figure 5 dans un poste étaleur nappeur.Figures 6a to 6c schematically show the principle of formation of the sheet as shown in Figure 5 in a lapping spreader station.

La figure 7 montre un détail de l'installation de la figure 1 et notamment le dispositif de nettoyage et de défibrage.Figure 7 shows a detail of the installation of Figure 1 and in particular the cleaning and defibration.

La figure 8 montre un diagramme des vitesses de la nappe en traitement dans les différents postes de travail de l'installation représentée à la figure 1.FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the speeds of the sheet being treated in the various workstations of the installation shown in FIG. 1.

La présente invention vise un procédé de préparation en continu de tiges de végétaux ainsi qu'une installation permettant de mettre en oeuvre ledit procédé.The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of plant stems as well as to an installation making it possible to implement said process.

Plus précisément, il est question de préparer et traiter les tiges de végétaux produisant des fibres libériennes tels que le lin ou le chanvre, ceci dans le but d'une application dans l'industrie textile.More specifically, it is a question of preparing and treating the stems of plants producing bast fibers such as flax or hemp, this for the purpose of an application in the textile industry.

Un mode de réalisation de ladite installation est représenté en exemple à la figure 1. Cette installation permet la préparation en continu des tiges de végétaux et comporte les étapes traditionnelles de traitement du lin, à savoir l'égrenage, le teillage et le nettoyage.An embodiment of said installation is shown as an example in FIG. 1. This installation allows the continuous preparation of plant stems and comprises the traditional stages of flax treatment, namely ginning, scutching and cleaning.

Toutefois, le procédé de préparation en continu des tiges, notamment des tiges de lin, de la présente invention est remarquable par la manière du travailler les tiges et la nappe lors des différentes étapes.However, the process for the continuous preparation of stalks, in particular flax stalks, of the present invention is remarkable for the manner in which the stems and the ply are worked during the various stages.

Plus particulièrement, on teille une nappe de tiges, préalablement préparée, animée d'un mouvement d'avance continue, comme l'illustrent les flèches de la figure 1. Pour ce, au niveau du teillage, lesdites tiges sont non guidées ni maintenues, placées au moins sur deux couches et disposées longitudinalement selon le sens du mouvement.More particularly, a ply of stems, previously prepared, animated by a continuous advance movement, is scoured, as illustrated by the arrows in FIG. 1. For this, at the scutching level, said stems are neither guided nor maintained, placed at least on two layers and arranged longitudinally in the direction of movement.

Par ailleurs, au niveau de la préparation des tiges avant le teillage, c'est-à-dire lors de l'égrenage des tiges, ces dernières sont disposées en nappe telles qu'elles puissent être travaillées longitudinalement du coeur vers leurs extrémités.Furthermore, at the level of the preparation of the stems before scutching, that is to say during the ginning of the stems, the latter are arranged in a sheet so that they can be worked longitudinally from the core towards their extremities.

Pour autoriser la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, la figure 1 montre que l'installation présente la succession des postes suivants :

  • table de préparation (1) sur laquelle seront amenées, par des moyens de manutention traditionnels, des balles de tiges de végétaux roulées,
  • dérouleuse de balles (2) équipée de bobinoirs de ficelle,
  • table d'alimentation (3) substantiellement constituée par un tapis roulant qui permet de diriger la nappe de tiges déroulée du poste (2) vers le poste suivant,
  • dispositif d'égrenage (4) dont la fonction est d'ôter les graines et porte-graines des tiges et dont la structure sera décrite plus en détail dans la suite de la demande,
  • dispositif diviseur (5) qui présente une vitesse différentielle entre l'entrée et la sortie afin d'abaisser la densité de la nappe,
  • dispositif étaleur nappeur (6) dont la fonction et la structure seront décrites ultérieurement,
  • ensemble de broyage (8) dans lequel on casse la partie ligneuse des tiges,
  • ensemble nettoyeur (9) qui permet de nettoyer la nappe et notamment de la débarasser des anas,
  • ensemble de défibrage (10) qui permet de diviser la matière fibreuse pour ouvrir les faisceaux de fibres,
  • ensemble d'évacuation (11) notamment constitué d'une presse hydraulique à balles qui permet de collecter le voile de fibres ainsi formé.
To authorize the implementation of this process, FIG. 1 shows that the installation presents the succession of the following stations:
  • preparation table (1) on which will be brought, by traditional handling means, bales of rolled plant stalks,
  • bale unroller (2) fitted with twine winders,
  • feed table (3) substantially constituted by a conveyor belt which makes it possible to direct the sheet of stems unwound from the post (2) to the next post,
  • ginning device (4) whose function is to remove the seeds and seed holders from the stems and whose structure will be described in more detail in the rest of the application,
  • divider device (5) which has a differential speed between the inlet and the outlet in order to lower the density of the sheet,
  • lapping spreader device (6) whose function and structure will be described later,
  • grinding assembly (8) in which the woody part of the stems is broken,
  • cleaner assembly (9) which makes it possible to clean the tablecloth and in particular to rid it of shives,
  • defibration assembly (10) which allows the fibrous material to be divided in order to open the fiber bundles,
  • evacuation assembly (11) in particular consisting of a hydraulic baler which collects the web of fibers thus formed.

Selon la présente invention, le procédé de préparation en continu permet de travailler sur une nappe mise en mouvement d'avance continue. Toutefois la nappe, tout au long du chemin qu'elle parcourt, a deux configurations distinctes que l'on appelera première nappe de tiges et deuxième nappe de tiges.According to the present invention, the continuous preparation process makes it possible to work on a sheet set in motion in continuous advance. However, the tablecloth, along the path it travels, has two distinct configurations which will be called the first ply of stems and the second ply of stems.

En effet, de l'entrée de l'installation jusqu'au dispositif étaleur nappeur (6), c'est-à-dire dans les postes (1) à (5), les tiges sont disposées perpendiculairement au sens d'avance de la nappe.Indeed, from the entry of the installation to the lapping spreader device (6), that is to say in the stations (1) to (5), the rods are arranged perpendicular to the direction of advance of the tablecloth.

Par contre, de l'étaleur nappeur (6) vers la sortie, c'est-à-dire aux postes (7) à (11), la nappe est constituée de tiges disposées sensiblement parallèlement au sens d'avancement de la nappe.On the other hand, from the lapper spreader (6) towards the outlet, that is to say at the stations (7) to (11), the ply consists of rods arranged substantially parallel to the direction of advance of the ply.

Plus précisément, selon l'invention, on respecte la succession des étapes suivantes :
   Tout d'abord on forme une première nappe de tiges (12) dont la structure est notamment illustrée au poste (3) sur la figure 1 ou en entrée du poste (6) sur la figure 4.More precisely, according to the invention, the succession of the following steps is respected:
First of all, a first ply of rods (12) is formed, the structure of which is illustrated in particular at the station (3) in FIG. 1 or at the input of the station (6) in FIG. 4.

Dans cette première nappe (12), les tiges de végétaux la constituant sont disposées sensiblement parallèles entre elles et perpendiculairement au sens d'avance de la nappe, schématisé par la flèche (13) à la figure 6, et placées au moins sur une couche.In this first layer (12), the plant stems constituting it are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of advance of the layer, shown diagrammatically by the arrow (13) in FIG. 6, and placed at least on one layer .

A cet égard, au moment de la formation de la balle de tiges qui sert en alimentation de l'installation, les tiges sont disposées de cette façon et sont enroulées sur plusieurs couches de densité "D1". La première nappe est animée d'un mouvement d'avance continue à une vitesse "V1".In this regard, at the time of the formation of the bale of rods which is used to supply the installation, the rods are arranged in this way and are wound on several layers of density "D1". The first layer is animated by a continuous advance movement at a speed "V1".

Afin de pouvoir réguler l'épaisseur de ladite première nappe (I2), l'installation comporte un dispositif diviseur dont la vitesse d'entrée est "V1" et dont la vitesse de sortie est "V2" afin d'autoriser une densité différente "D2". A ce sujet, "D2" est supérieure à "D1" si "V2" est inférieure à "V1" et inversement, la densite "D2" est plus faible que celle "D1" si la vitesse de sortie "V2" est supérieure à la vitesse d'entrée "V1".In order to be able to regulate the thickness of said first layer (I2), the installation includes a dividing device whose input speed is "V1" and whose output speed is "V2" in order to allow a different density "D2". In this regard, "D2" is greater than "D1" if "V2" is less than "V1" and conversely, the density "D2" is lower than that "D1" if the output speed "V2" is greater than the input speed "V1".

Dans l'installation représentée, la phase essentielle de travail sur ladite première nappe (12) consiste en l'élimination des graines et porte-graines des tiges dans un dispositif égreneur (4) apte à travailler les tiges formant ladite première nappe (12) transversalement au sens d'avance (13) de ladite nappe (12).In the installation shown, the essential phase of work on said first ply (12) consists in eliminating the seeds and seed holders from the stems in a ginning device (4) capable of working the stems forming said first ply (12) transversely to the direction of advance (13) of said ply (12).

En ce qui concerne la structure proprement dite du dispositif égreneur (4), les figures 2 et 3 représentent en détail un mode de réalisation d'un élément dudit égréneur FR-A-2.562.916, et il y a lieu de se reporter à ce document.With regard to the actual structure of the ginner device (4), FIGS. 2 and 3 show in detail an embodiment of an element of said ginner FR-A-2,562,916, and reference should be made to this document.

Toutefois, nous en rappelons succinctement le principe pour faciliter la compréhension de la présente demande.However, we briefly recall the principle to facilitate understanding of this request.

La figure 2 représente un ensemble de tambours (14) et (15) qui sont mis en rotation en sens contraire mais à même vitesse par tout moyen connu autour de leurs axes (16) et (17) qui sont situés dans un même plan vertical "P" comme le montre la figure 3.FIG. 2 represents a set of drums (14) and (15) which are rotated in opposite directions but at the same speed by any known means around their axes (16) and (17) which are located in the same vertical plane "P" as shown in Figure 3.

Entre lesdits tambours (14) et (15), les tiges constituant ladite première nappe (12) avancent continuellement par pincement entre des brins en vis-à-vis d'un jeu de courroies sans fin (18, 19) s'étendant perpendiculairement aux tiges dont le sens de déplacement est désigné par "F1" repéré par la flèche (13).Between said drums (14) and (15), the rods constituting said first ply (12) continuously advance by pinching between strands facing a set of endless belts (18, 19) extending perpendicular to the rods whose direction of movement is designated by "F1" marked by the arrow (13).

La projection sur cette nappe (12) des axes (16) et (17) des tambours (14) et (15), et la direction "F1" de déplacement de la nappe (12) forment un certain angle "A" afin de préparer une bande (20) de grande largeur "L" par un passage des tiges entre ces tambours.The projection on this ply (12) of the axes (16) and (17) of the drums (14) and (15), and the direction "F1" of displacement of the ply (12) form a certain angle "A" in order to prepare a strip (20) of large width "L" by passing the rods between these drums.

Il est à remarquer que la figure 2 ne représente qu'un ensemble de tambours. Toutefois, le dispositif (4) est constitué de plusieurs ensembles comme le montre schématiquement la figure 1, qui permettent d'une part de travailler les extrémités de tiges supérieures pour égrener et enlever les porte-graines, et les pieds en vue de les assouplir.Note that Figure 2 shows only one set of drums. However, the device (4) consists of several assemblies as shown schematically in Figure 1, which allow on the one hand to work the ends of upper rods to shell and remove the seed holders, and the feet to soften them .

L'inclinaison "A" est orientée dans un sens tel que, de l'entrée à la sortie du dispositif égréneur (4), la projection sur la nappe (12) des axes (16) et (17) des tambours (14) et (15) se rapproche progressivement des extrémités (21) des tiges pour préparer les tiges du coeur vers leurs extrémités au fur et à mesure de l'avance des tiges.The inclination "A" is oriented in a direction such that, from the entry to the exit of the ginning device (4), the projection on the web (12) of the axes (16) and (17) of the drums (14) and (15) progressively approaches the ends (21) of the stems to prepare the stems of the heart towards their ends as the stems advance.

Pour ce, chacun des tambours (14) et (15) porte des lames (22, 23) coopérant entre elles pour imprimer une légère courbure (24) aux tiges du fait de leur disposition et de leur rotation relative, dans le but de préparer les tiges sans les briser et écraser la nappe (12).For this, each of the drums (14) and (15) carries blades (22, 23) cooperating with each other to impart a slight curvature (24) to the rods due to their arrangement and their relative rotation, in order to prepare the stems without breaking them and crushing the tablecloth (12).

A cet égard, les lames (22, 23) sont écartées angulairement les unes des autres d'angles "B1", "B2" tels que les arêtes desdites lames soient écartées les unes des autres d'une distance "E1", "E2" très nettement supérieure à leur épaisseur maximale "e".In this respect, the blades (22, 23) are angularly spaced from each other by angles "B1", "B2" such that the edges of said blades are spaced from each other by a distance "E1", "E2 "very much higher than their maximum thickness "e".

Par ailleurs, les lames (22, 23) sont déphasées d'un tambour à l'autre afin de toujours passer à une certaine distance les unes des autres.Furthermore, the blades (22, 23) are out of phase from one drum to another in order to always pass at a certain distance from each other.

De plus, les axes (17) et (16) des tambours sont écartés l'un de l'autre d'une distance "X" telle que l'arête d'une lame (22) située dans le plan "P" des axes (16, 17) ne pénètre entre les arêtes des lames (23) de l'autre tambour que d'une distance "Y" juste suffisante pour imprimer une légère courbure (24) aux tiges constituant la nappe (12), qui, toutefois, passe avec un certain jeu "J" au dessus de la face latérale de cet autre tambour. Ceci est notamment illustré à la figure 3.In addition, the axes (17) and (16) of the drums are spaced from each other by a distance "X" such that the edge of a blade (22) located in the plane "P" of the axes (16, 17) enters between the edges of the blades (23) of the other drum only a distance "Y" just sufficient to impart a slight curvature (24) to the rods constituting the ply (12), which, however, pass with a certain clearance "J" above the side face of this other drum. This is illustrated in particular in Figure 3.

De plus, pour favoriser le grattage doux des tiges de la nappe (12) afin de les égréner, les lames sont disposées selon un pas d'hélice, contraire d'un tambour à l'autre, et incliné par rapport à l'axe des tambours d'un angle égal à "C" sensiblement correspondant à l'angle "A".In addition, to promote the gentle scraping of the rods of the ply (12) in order to shell them, the blades are arranged in a helical pitch, opposite from one drum to the other, and inclined relative to the axis drums with an angle equal to "C" substantially corresponding to the angle "A".

A l'issue de cette étape de préparation, les tiges de la nappe ont leurs extrémités, tête et pied, parfaitement assouplies et dépourvues de graines, de porte-graines et de racines. L'opération de teillage peut alors être menée.At the end of this stage of preparation, the stems of the tablecloth have their ends, head and foot, perfectly softened and devoid of seeds, seed carriers and roots. The scutching operation can then be carried out.

C'est alors que, selon le procédé de la présente invention, on forme une deuxième nappe (25) de tiges, à partir de ladite première nappe (12), que l'on anime d'un mouvement d'avance continue, schématisé par les flèches (26) sur les figures 1 et 4, sensiblement perpendiculaire à celui de la première nappe.It is then that, according to the method of the present invention, a second ply (25) of rods is formed, from said first ply (12), which is animated with a continuous advance movement, shown diagrammatically. by the arrows (26) in Figures 1 and 4, substantially perpendicular to that of the first ply.

A cet égard, lesdites tiges formant la deuxième nappe (25) sont disposées sensiblement parallèles entre elles et parallèlement au sens d'avancement de la deuxième nappe et placées au moins sur deux couches.In this regard, said rods forming the second ply (25) are arranged substantially parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of advance of the second layer and placed at least on two layers.

La formation d'une telle nappe (25) homogène peut être effectuée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif (6), appelé "étaleur-nappeur", à partir des tiges de la première nappe (12).The formation of such a homogeneous ply (25) can be carried out by means of a device (6), called "spreader-lapper", from the rods of the first ply (12).

Pour ce et comme le montrent les figures 6, on guide la première nappe (12) sur une première surface porteuse (27) puis on force l'extrémité (28) de ladite nappe (12) selon un mouvement périodique aller retour et on dépose les tiges sur une deuxième surface porteuse (29) en mouvement continu dont le sens de déplacement (26) est perpendiculaire à celui (13) de la première surface porteuse (27).For this and as shown in FIGS. 6, the first ply (12) is guided on a first support surface (27) then the end (28) of said ply (12) is forced in a periodic movement back and forth and it is deposited the rods on a second support surface (29) in continuous movement whose direction of movement (26) is perpendicular to that (13) of the first support surface (27).

Ainsi, lesdites tiges composant la nouvelle nappe dite seconde nappe (25) sont disposées sensiblement parallèles entre elles sur la surface porteuse (29), et étant donné le mouvement d'avance de cette dernière, les tiges sont placées en zigzag sur au moins deux couches. Les figures 4 et 5 montrent particulièrement la disposition des tiges dans la première nappe et ladite seconde nappe.Thus, said rods making up the new ply known as the second ply (25) are arranged substantially parallel to one another on the support surface (29), and given the advance movement of the latter, the rods are placed in a zigzag pattern on at least two layers. Figures 4 and 5 show in particular the arrangement of the rods in the first ply and said second ply.

La disposition des tiges longitudinalement dans le sens de la deuxième nappe (25) sur au moins deux couches est particulièrement avantageuse car elle donne une certaine homogénéité de masse à la nappe en vue d'améliorer le traitement ultérieur de celle-ci.The arrangement of the rods longitudinally in the direction of the second ply (25) on at least two layers is particularly advantageous because it gives a certain homogeneity of mass to the ply in order to improve the subsequent treatment thereof.

En effet, lorsque subsistent des changements de vitesse entre les différents postes, lorsque les tiges sont placées transversalement à la nappe, il se crée obligatoirement un trou, alors qu'avec la disposition longitudinale sur deux couches, les tiges vont pouvoir glisser l'une sur l'autre sans former de trous préjudiciables au teillage.Indeed, when there are speed changes between the different stations, when the rods are placed transversely to the sheet, a hole is necessarily created, while with the longitudinal arrangement on two layers, the rods will be able to slide one on the other without forming holes detrimental to scutching.

On réalise un tuilage de paille et on fait glisser les tuiles les unes sur les autres. On évite ainsi de mettre en oeuvre un étirage important de la nappe en ce sens qu'il n'y a que peu d'étirage interne dans chacune des tuiles. La nappe, à la fin, est de préférence formée de deux couches de tuiles. Le glissement du nappage est réalisé par recouvrement et il faut parvenir à un recouvrement de l'ordre de 50 % sinon on obtiendrait des différences de densité importantes.We make a straw tiling and we slide the tiles on top of each other. This avoids implementing a significant stretch of the web in the sense that there is only little internal stretch in each of the tiles. The tablecloth, at the end, is preferably formed by two layers of tiles. The sliding of the coating is carried out by overlap and it is necessary to achieve an overlap of the order of 50% otherwise there would be significant differences in density.

A titre d'exemple, on a obtenu de bons résultats en réalisant une application nouvelle d'un dispositif étaleur-nappeur connu et utilisé dans d'autres applications.By way of example, good results have been obtained by carrying out a new application of a known spreader-lapper device used in other applications.

En effet, on connait notamment du document français n° 2.234.395 (FR 73/22277) un dispositif étaleur-nappeur, appliqué dans l'industrie textile des machines qui reçoivent un voile de faible épaisseur et d'une largeur déterminée fabriqué par une carde à partir de bourre, et qui transforment par repliage ce voile en une nappe ayant une épaisseur supérieure à celle du voile et une largeur en général différente de celle du voile.Indeed, we know in particular from French document n ° 2.234.395 (FR 73/22277) a spreader-lapper device, applied in the textile industry of machines which receive a thin web of a determined width made by a card from flock, and which transform by folding this veil into a sheet having a thickness greater than that of the veil and a width generally different from that of the veil.

Les présents inventeurs ont pensé à utiliser un tel dispositif, prévu initialement pour une autre application, dans le but d'obtenir un résultat différent, à savoir le pivotement de tiges disposées parallèles entre elles transversalement à leur sens d'avancement, pour les placer alors dans le sens longitudinal du déplacement, ce en outre sur au moins des couches disposées comme des tuiles pour permettre le glissement relatif des tuiles et favoriser l'amincissement de la nappe.The present inventors have thought of using such a device, initially intended for another application, with the aim of obtaining a different result, namely the pivoting of rods arranged parallel to each other transversely to their direction of advance, in order to then place them. in the longitudinal direction of movement, this also on at least layers arranged like tiles to allow the relative sliding of the tiles and favor the thinning of the sheet.

Pour avoir des détails précis sur la constitution d'un tel étaleur nappeur (6) on se reportera à la description du document précité. Toutefois pour faciliter la compréhension de la présente demande, les figures 6 illustrent le principe de fonctionnement d'un dispositif étaleur-nappeur qui a donné de bons résultats dans l'application au transfert de tiges de lin.For precise details on the constitution of such a lapper spreader (6), refer to the description of the above document. However, to facilitate understanding of the present application, FIGS. 6 illustrate the operating principle of a spreader-lapper device which has given good results in the application to the transfer of flax stalks.

On retrouve en entrée une première surface porteuse constituée notamment par un tapis roulant sans fin (27) apte à supporter la nappe (12) et à la déplacer selon le sens d'avancement (13), ainsi qu'une deuxième surface porteuse constituée par un autre transporteur à bande sans fin (29) animé d'un mouvement d'avance illustré par la flèche (26) sensiblement perpendiculaire à celui (13) du transporteur (27).At the input, there is a first load-bearing surface constituted in particular by an endless conveyor belt (27) capable of supporting the sheet (12) and of moving it according to the direction of advance (13), as well as a second load-bearing surface constituted by another endless belt conveyor (29) animated by a forward movement illustrated by the arrow (26) substantially perpendicular to that (13) of the conveyor (27).

Ce deuxième transporteur (29) est apte à recevoir la deuxième nappe de tiges (25) disposées longitudinalement sur au moins deux couches.This second conveyor (29) is able to receive the second ply of rods (25) arranged longitudinally on at least two layers.

Pour faire subir à l'extrémité (28) de la nappe (12) un mouvement périodique d'aller et retour tel que précisé ci-dessus, le dispositif étaleur (6) comporte un système de guidage composé essentiellement des éléments suivants :

  • un premier tapis de guidage sans fin (30),
  • un second tapis de guidage sans fin (31),
  • un premier chariot (32) de déplacement d'au moins une partie des tapis (30) et (31),
  • un deuxième chariot (33), apte à déplacer une autre zone des tapis (30) et (31).
To subject the end (28) of the ply (12) to a periodic back and forth movement as specified above, the spreader device (6) comprises a guidance system essentially composed of the following elements:
  • a first endless guide belt (30),
  • a second endless guide belt (31),
  • a first carriage (32) for moving at least part of the belts (30) and (31),
  • a second carriage (33), capable of moving another zone of the belts (30) and (31).

Comme le montre la figure 6, les premier tapis de guidage (30) et second tapis de guidage (31) sont disposés de manière à former un canal de guidage (34), ce jusqu'à l'extrémité (28) de ladite première nappe (12).As shown in FIG. 6, the first guide mats (30) and second guide mats (31) are arranged so as to form a guide channel (34), this up to the end (28) of said first tablecloth (12).

De plus, ils sont disposés de telle manière que leur longueur de boucle soit constante mais que le chemin formé par le canal (34) soit modifiable par l'intermédiaire des chariots (32) et (33).In addition, they are arranged in such a way that their loop length is constant but that the path formed by the channel (34) is modifiable via the carriages (32) and (33).

En effet, ces chariots peuvent se déplacer respectivement latéralement dans des rails de guidage non représentés pour faciliter la compréhension des dessins.Indeed, these carriages can move respectively laterally in guide rails not shown to facilitate understanding of the drawings.

Ainsi, par un mouvement relatif des chariots, on modifie le positionnement des tapis (30) et (31) et par suite, cela permet de créer un mouvement alternatif du chariot (33) qui porte l'extrémité (28) de la nappe (12) en vis-à-vis de la surface (29) de sortie de l'étaleur.Thus, by a relative movement of the carriages, the positioning of the belts (30) and (31) is modified and consequently, this makes it possible to create an alternative movement of the carriage (33) which carries the end (28) of the ply ( 12) facing the exit surface (29) of the spreader.

Les figures 6a à 6c montrent trois positions correspondant par exemple à la course aller.Figures 6a to 6c show three positions corresponding for example to the outward stroke.

A la figure 6a, le second chariot (33) se trouve en extrémité latérale de la nappe (25) et à la figure 6c, le chariot (33) est à l'extrémité opposée. On délimite ainsi par la course du chariot (33) la largeur "Lf" de la seconde nappe (25).In FIG. 6a, the second carriage (33) is located at the lateral end of the ply (25) and in FIG. 6c, the carriage (33) is at the opposite end. The width "Lf" of the second ply (25) is thus defined by the stroke of the carriage (33).

Les vitesses d'entrée "Ve" et vitesses de sortie "Vs" déterminent le nombre de plis "Np" et implicitement la densité "Ds" de ladite seconde nappe.The input speeds "Ve" and output speeds "Vs" determine the number of folds "Np" and implicitly the density "Ds" of said second sheet.

Les paramètres de fonctionnement de l'étaleur nappeur peuvent être déterminés selon les relations suivantes :

  • vitesse de sortie "Vs" du dispositif étaleur-nappeur (6)
    Figure imgb0001
  • densité linéaire de la nappe en sortie de l'étaleur-nappeur (6)
    Figure imgb0002
        Dans ces formules, rappelons que :
  • Ve représente la vitesse linéaire de la nappe (12),
  • Le représente la largeur de la nappe (12),
  • De représente la densité linéaire de la nappe (12),
  • Vs représente la vitesse linéaire de la nappe (25),
  • Ls représente la largeur de la nappe (25),
  • Ds représente la densité de la nappe (25),
  • N représente le nombre de plis nappés en zigzag.
The operating parameters of the lapper spreader can be determined according to the following relationships:
  • output speed "Vs" of the spreader-lapper device (6)
    Figure imgb0001
  • linear density of the sheet leaving the spreader-lapper (6)
    Figure imgb0002
     In these formulas, remember that:
  • Ve represents the linear speed of the sheet (12),
  • The represents the width of the tablecloth (12),
  • De represents the linear density of the water table (12),
  • Vs represents the linear speed of the sheet (25),
  • Ls represents the width of the ply (25),
  • Ds represents the density of the sheet (25),
  • N represents the number of folds covered in a zigzag.

La détermination de ces paramètres dépend des caractéristiques des différentes machines.The determination of these parameters depends on the characteristics of the different machines.

Par ailleurs, également à titre d'exemple, la figure 8 représente un diagramme de vitesse (en mètre par minute) aux différents postes de l'installation de la figure 1.Furthermore, also by way of example, FIG. 8 represents a speed diagram (in meters per minute) at the various stations of the installation of FIG. 1.

A l'issue de cette formation de ladite seconde nappe (25), celle-ci est dirigée ensuite successivement vers le poste de broyage (8) puis vers le poste de nettoyeur incliné (9) dans lequel on nettoie la nappe et on la sépare des impuretés, ensuite vers le poste de défibrage (10) afin de délivrer un voile de fibres textiles apte à être utilisé sur un matériel lainier.At the end of this formation of said second sheet (25), it is then directed successively to the grinding station (8) then to the inclined cleaner station (9) in which the sheet is cleaned and separated. impurities, then to the defibration station (10) in order to deliver a veil of textile fibers suitable for use on woolen material.

En ce qui concerne le poste de broyage (8), il sera avantageusement constitué à partir de dispositifs connus et sera notamment constitué par un ensemble de huit paires de rouleaux cannelés en acier traité, les rouleaux inférieurs étant montés sur paliers fixes et les rouleaux supérieurs étant mobiles, montés sur paliers à glissière et maintenus en pression par vérin pneumatique double effet.As regards the grinding station (8), it will advantageously be formed from known devices and will in particular be constituted by a set of eight pairs of grooved rollers in treated steel, the lower rollers being mounted on fixed bearings and the upper rollers being mobile, mounted on slide bearings and kept under pressure by double-acting pneumatic cylinder.

En outre, entre chaque groupe de rouleaux du dispositif de broyage (8), une bande transporteuse de transfert des fibres est prévue. Cette bande aura de préférence une largeur au moins supérieure à celle des tiges de paille pour éviter un craquage des fibres par la différence de vitesse des broyeurs.In addition, between each group of rollers of the grinding device (8), a fiber transfer conveyor belt is provided. This strip will preferably have a width at least greater than that of the straw stems for avoid cracking of the fibers by the difference in speed of the mills.

Enfin, à la sortie du dernier module de broyage, on utilise une bande transporteuse de transfert inclinée pour l'alimentation automatique de l'élément nettoyeur (9).Finally, at the outlet of the last grinding module, an inclined transfer conveyor belt is used for the automatic feeding of the cleaning element (9).

A ce sujet, la figure 7 représente la partie nettoyage et défibrage de l'installation.In this regard, Figure 7 shows the cleaning and defibration part of the installation.

Le poste de nettoyage (9) comporte à son entrée un système magnétique pour éliminer les parties métalliques se trouvant dans la nappe ainsi travaillée, puis comporte plusieurs tambours à battes coniques (35).The cleaning station (9) comprises at its entrance a magnetic system for eliminating the metal parts found in the sheet thus worked, then comprises several drums with conical bats (35).

Sous ces tambours, sont prévues des tôles ou grilles perforées ainsi qu'un dispositif d'aspiration des poussières pour recueillir les déchets.Under these drums, there are perforated sheets or grids and a dust extraction device to collect the waste.

Dans les machines connues de teillage de lin toutes fibres, la séparation des fibres et anas après broyage est faite généralement par des secoueurs qui obligent à travailler lentement une couche épaisse de matière. L'épaisseur de la nappe rend la séparation lente et incomplète des anas par gravité. L'effet de dépoussiérage est faible.In known machines for grinding flax all fibers, the separation of fibers and shives after grinding is generally done by shakers which require a thick layer of material to be worked slowly. The thickness of the tablecloth makes the separation of the shives slow and incomplete by gravity. The dusting effect is weak.

Selon l'invention, la nappe fine et à grande vitesse sortant des broyeurs est introduite dans le nettoyeur à tambour sans condensation ni ralentissement, ce qui permet une meilleure séparation des anas et des poussières.According to the invention, the fine and high-speed sheet leaving the mills is introduced into the drum cleaner without condensation or slowing down, which allows better separation of shives and dust.

Ensuite, l'ensemble de défibrage est composé d'un premier module (36) appelé module "ouvreuse défibreuse" constitué en entrée selon une manière traditionnelle d'un rouleau hérisson travaillant à pression réglable, suivi d'un tambour ouvreur (37) équipé de douves garnies d'une multitude de pointes inclinées, suivi d'un tambour peigneur (38) également muni de douves garnies d'une multitude de pointes inclinées.Then, the defibration assembly is composed of a first module (36) called a "opener defibrator" module constituted as input in a traditional manner by a hedgehog roller working at adjustable pressure, followed by an opener drum (37) equipped moats furnished with a multitude of inclined points, followed by a combing drum (38) also equipped with a moat furnished with a multitude of inclined points.

La deuxième partie du poste de défibrage (10) comporte un module appelé "ouvreuse finisseuse" (39) muni d'un ou plusieurs éléments travailleurs avec débourreur comportant un premier tambour ouvreur (40) équipé de douves garnies d'une pluralité de pointes inclinées, suivi d'un second tambour peigneur (41) équipé également de douves garnies de pointes inclinées.The second part of the defibration station (10) comprises a module called "opener finisher" (39) provided with one or more working elements with stripper comprising a first opening drum (40) equipped with staves furnished with a plurality of inclined points , followed by a second combing drum (41) also equipped with staves furnished with inclined points.

Les machines d'ouvraison sont munies d'un ensemble de dépoussiérage et d'évacuation continue des déchets pour éliminer ceux-ci.The working machines are equipped with a dust collection and continuous discharge of waste to eliminate it.

Rappelons que toutes ces techniques sont connues de l'Homme de l'Art et nous ne les décrirons pas plus en détail car elles dépassent le cadre de la présente invention.Remember that all of these techniques are known to those skilled in the art and we will not describe them in more detail because they go beyond the scope of the present invention.

Enfin, à la sortie de l'installation est prévue une presse hydraulique à balles (11) de puissance importante, équipée d'un plateau presseur apte à faire des balles avec les fibres délivrées ainsi que d'un système de ligaturage automatique pour cercler lesdites balles. Une machine de ce type est également connue de l'Homme du métier.Finally, at the outlet of the installation, a hydraulic baler (11) of high power is provided, equipped with a pressure plate capable of making bales with the fibers delivered, as well as an automatic ligating system for strapping the said fibers. bullets. A machine of this type is also known to those skilled in the art.

On peut prévoir également une présentation en ruban de la matière à l'aide d'une machine connue appropriée.One can also provide a ribbon presentation of the material using an appropriate known machine.

Naturellement, d'autres mises en oeuvre de la présente invention auraient pu être envisagées sans pour autant sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Naturally, other implementations of the present invention could have been envisaged without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for the preparation of plant stalks producing bast fibers, such as flax, hemp, method during which the stalks undergo at least a rippling step by means of a rippling device (4) and a stripping step by means of a stripping device (8), characterized in that:
    - there is formed a sheet (25) of stalks, previously prepared during a rippling step, in which said stalks are arranged substantially parallel to each other and longitudinally to the direction of movement of said sheet (25) and there is carried out a tiling of the stalks as well as a sliding of the tiles onto each other, in order for said stalks to be provided at least in two layers,
    - said sheet (25) of stalks is conferred a continuous feed motion (26) and the thus formed sheet (25) is directed towards a stripping device (8) in order to longitudinally process the stalks in the feed direction of the sheet (25).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
    - prior to the rippling step there is formed a first sheet (12) of stalks in which said stalks are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicularly to the feed direction of said first sheet and placed in one or several layers,
    - said first sheet is conferred a continuous feed motion (13) by means of a first bearing surface (27),
    - said tiled sheet, called "second sheet" (25), is formed, by means of a device (6) called "spreading and fleecing" device, from the stalks of the first sheet (12) brought into motion by the first bearing surface (27), then by imparting to the end (28) of the sheet (12) a periodic alternate motion and by depositing the stalks staggeredly onto a second continuously moving bearing-surface (29) the feed direction (26) of which is perpendicular to that (13) of the first bearing surface (27).
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said first sheet of stalks (12) is formed from a reel of harvested stalks and the density "De" of said sheet (12) is adjusted by means of devices (5) capable of varying the speed "Ve" of the sheet (12) upon unrolling.
  4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stalks forming the first sheet (12) are prepared by a set (4) of drums (14, 15) capable of teaseling the stalks in the longitudinal direction, from the core towards their ends, without breaking them or crushing the sheet.
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that on said second homogeneous sheet (25) are successively carried out in line the processing by means of dressers (8), then the cleaning of the sheet by means of sloped cleaners (9), afterwards the desintegration by means of a "breaking drum" (36) and "finishing drums" (39), in order to deliver a fleece of textile fibers capable of being used on a woollen-mill equipment.
  6. Apparatus for the preparation of plant stalks enabling the implementation of the method according to claim 1, comprising at least successively a rippling device (4) and a stripping device (8), characterized in that it includes:
    - means (27, 6) for forming a sheet (25) of stalks in which said stalks are arranged substantially parallel to each other and longitudinally to the direction of movement of said sheet and for carrying out a tiling of the stalks as well as a sliding of the tiles onto each other, in order for said stalks to be provided at least in two layers,
    - means (29) for carrying said sheet (25) according to a continuous feed motion and subjecting said stalks, at least in two layers, longitudinally to the direction of the motion (26), to the stripping device (8) which has at least crushing tools for processing the stalks longitudinally to the feed direction (26) of the sheet (25).
  7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes:
    - means for forming a first sheet of stalks (12), placed upstreams of said means (6) for forming said tiled sheet (25), in order to generate a sheet of stalks (12) continuously moving by means of a first bearing surface (27), said stalks being arranged substantially parallel to each other and longitudinally to the direction of movement (13) of the sheet and placed in one or several layers,
    - means for forming said tiled sheet, called second sheet (25), comprised of a "spreading and fleecing" device (6) which, from the stalks of the first sheet (12) in movement by means of the first bearing surface (27), subjects the end (28) of the sheet (12) to a periodic alternate motion and allows the depositing of the stalks staggeredly onto a second continuously moving bearing-surface (29) the feed direction (26) of which is perpendicular to that (13) of the first bearing surface (27).
  8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes means for directing said first sheet (12) according to a continuous feed motion (13) and subjecting said stalks to the rippling device (4) to process the stalks transversally to the feed direction of said first sheet (12).
  9. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that it successively includes at least a bale-unrolling device (2), a rippling device (4) and a dividing device (5) allowing to adjust the density of the sheet (12) when entering into said means (6).
  10. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes, downstreams of said means (6) for forming a homogeneous sheet (25), at least a grinding station (8), a sloped cleaning device (9) and a desintegrating device (10).
EP87402990A 1987-11-19 1987-12-24 Method and apparatus for the continuous preparation of plant stalks Expired - Lifetime EP0317681B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87402990T ATE90743T1 (en) 1987-11-19 1987-12-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PROCESSING OF PLANT STEMS.

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FR8716304A FR2623527B1 (en) 1987-11-19 1987-11-19 PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF PLANT RODS AND PREPARATION PLANT FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
FR8716304 1987-11-19

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FR2636350B1 (en) * 1988-09-13 1992-11-20 Claas Saulgau Gmbh PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR HARVESTING AND PREPARING FLAX
DE3923498A1 (en) * 1989-07-15 1991-01-17 Jakob Bahmer Flax prepn. - has breaker to extract wood matter after de-seeding and before alignment for bundling
GB9118932D0 (en) * 1991-09-05 1991-10-23 Mini Agriculture & Fisheries Fiore separating machine
US6079647A (en) * 1996-07-19 2000-06-27 Durafibre Inc. Plant material processing system
DE19841092A1 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 Heinen Rauchtabaktechnik Gmbh Method and device for processing fibrous plant material
FR2810997B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-09-20 Louis Hurdequint IMPROVEMENT IN LIBERIAN FIBER TREATMENT DEVICES
RU193793U1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-11-15 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Костромская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" GRINDING AND GRINDING MACHINE FOR ISSUING FIBER FROM STEMS OF TRUST OF BASIC CROPS
RU201183U9 (en) * 2020-08-26 2021-02-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр лубяных культур" (ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК") MILLING MACHINE FOR SELECTION OF FIBER FROM LINEN CROSS
CN112522793B (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-12-03 艾百合纺织科技(安徽)有限公司 Fiber raw material traction equipment

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DE423361C (en) * 1926-01-07 Constantin Vansteenkiste Machine for de-lumbering and softening fiber stalks
FR675749A (en) * 1929-05-24 1930-02-13 Method and apparatus for the treatment of fibrous material
US2551855A (en) * 1944-12-20 1951-05-08 John N Selvig Apparatus for treating fibrous stalks
NL7809836A (en) * 1977-09-30 1979-04-03 Inst Textile De France PROCEDURE FOR FORMING A CONTINUOUS LAYER OF BASS FIBERS AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE EXECUTION THEREOF.

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ATE90743T1 (en) 1993-07-15
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DE3786267T2 (en) 1994-02-03
FR2623527A1 (en) 1989-05-26
FR2623527B1 (en) 1991-04-26

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