EP0513339B1 - Plant with a process control computer - Google Patents

Abstract

A spinning plant with a process control computer for at least one group of machines, in which each machine in the group has its own control which controls the actuating elements of the machine (the assembly of auxiliaries allocated to said machine). There is at least one network for bidirectional communication between the computer and each machine of the group. Control commands from the process control computer are taken during the operation of the plant via the network to the machine controls. Each machine control transmits the control commands on to the actuating assembly controlled by said control, the control commands being converted where necessary by the machine control into suitable control signals for the assembly.

Description

The invention relates to process control systems especially for spinning mills.

State of the art

The idea of computer-controlled spinning has at least been pending twenty years before the eyes of the professional world - see the Example: US 3922642; BE 771277; BE 779591.

The efforts in this direction have multiplied in recent years - for example: DE-OS 3906508;
U.S. Patent 4563873; US-PS 4665686 and EP-PS 0410429.

i) "Mikroelektronik - heutige und zukünftige Einsatzgebiete in Spinnereibetrieben" von Marcel Zünd in "Melliand Textilberichte", Juni 1985,

ii) Zellweger Uster: Conedata 100 for Quality and Productiviy in Winding" in Textile World, vom April 1986,

iii) "A Quality Analysis System for OE based on an absolute detector" von Dan Claeys, im Canadian Textile Journal vom Mai 1986, wo das "Downloading" von Einstellungen für Garnreiniger vorgesehen ist.

Process data acquisition has appeared as an intermediate stage on the way to the process control system, which was described, for example, in W.Kistler's article "Process data acquisition as a management tool" in "Textile Practice International" from May 1984. The further development of process data acquisition can then be followed by the following articles:

i) "Microelectronics - Current and Future Areas of Application in Spinning Mills" by Marcel Zünd in "Melliand Textile Reports", June 1985,

ii) Zellweger Uster: Conedata 100 for Quality and Productivity in Winding "in Textile World, April 1986,

iii) "A Quality Analysis System for OE based on an absolute detector" by Dan Claeys, in the Canadian Textile Journal of May 1986, where the "downloading" of settings for yarn cleaners is provided.

The Reutlingen spinning mill colloquium of December 1986 was held dedicated to information processing and general considerations for the application of the process control system in the Spinning mill were submitted e.g. in the article "Integration of Information in the textile company - considerations for the textile CIM "(Dr. T. Fischer).

Requirements for an information system are then in the article "Integrated information processing as a tool for corporate management" in Melliand textile reports, 11/1987, Pages 805 to 808, and approaches for modern Solutions are in the article "Integration and Networking opportunities in textile manufacturing through CIM " can be found on pages 809 to 814 of the same journal.

As the state of the art in January 1991, the BARCO CIM system be listed. This system is in publication "CIM in Spinning" from Barco Automation Inc. Charlotte, NC, USA. It sees a "data unit" (Machine terminal) per machine, with the Process control computer (the control center) with the data units of the Machine exchanges signals. The data unit (with its Display) also serves as operator support. Although the aforementioned publication the bidirectional communication mentioned, the system is obviously still primarily based on the Data acquisition on the machine and forwarding to the Headquarter set up. A connection with the machine control is neither shown nor hinted at. Such data units can be integrated in a single network, which simplifies the system architecture - at most System flexibility and responsiveness costs. In addition, since no real central control is provided is done, nothing is done to those connected to the network Machine before the effects of a network defect or to protect failure. A further development of this system is in the article "Thread break detector for ring spinning machines" in Melliand Textile Reports from September 1991 (ITMA Edition).

Process control systems are now part of certain industries long established state of the art. The question is why these "known principles" are not readily available in the textile industry Let it be realized but only with difficulty, step by step come into use. The answer lies partly in the fact that a process control system is difficult to machine a complex (such as a spinning mill) "imposed" can be. Process control systems are relatively easy introduce where the computer science and process technology be developed at the same time. This is e.g. in the field of Chemical fiber processing (filament spinning) rather the case, see above that was already introduced in the Dornbirn conference of 1981 of process control systems in the filament spinning mill (Lecture by K. Ibounig - "Change of Process control technology through microelectronics ").

The technology of short and long staple fiber spinning mills or the design of the machines of these spinning mills can be don't change quickly. Computer science has to address one Adjust the slower development of the process yourself. A feasible proposal for a process control system in A spinning mill must consider the circumstances of the spinning mill consider. The ones that apply to the process control system Aspects are therefore briefly listed.

Computer Science / Process Technology (Automation)

The IT in the spinning plant is in the overall framework automation. Your purpose is ultimately a better one Mastery of yarn production. They are the yardstick Production costs. The boundary conditions are from the raw material market, of the local operational conditions and of the yarn buyers determined. The following explanations refer to the conditions in the short-staple spinning mill. An example is the ring spinning of a combed yarn Cotton. But the invention is in other spinning mills and applicable to the manufacture of other end products.

The spinning process involves the conversion of a natural product with only limited predictable properties in an exact specified intermediate product (yarn). By dividing up Yarn production is in a number of different stages in addition, it is particularly demanding in terms of process technology.

As Fig. 1 shows, the added value is on the individual Process stages of the spinning mill unevenly distributed: in the blowroom and the carding is the cleaning effect in the foreground, which primarily has a major impact on the Has running behavior in the final spinning of the fibers. The decisive factors for the properties of the finished yarn are subsequent process steps combing and stretching as they the refinement of the raw material and the uniformity of the Serve fiber association. Make these sections of production in today's spinning mill only a limited part of the Value creation, but are for process mastery crucial. Here the benefit potential is mainly limited on the use of inexpensive raw materials. in the Ultimately, the final spinning process is the bulk of the added value. At this point, this is precisely the quality specified yarn, and is at the end of the final spinning checking for "good" or "inferior" (or even "Committee").

A further study of the added value shows that the the most significant improvement potential lies in personnel requirements.

The ring spinning process is particularly exemplary here. Fig. 2 shows the personnel requirements in the different Process stages. Operation does not require long training but extremely high reliability. On only confusion between two roving bobbins in the night shift in the worst case, the entire production of several is sufficient Days unusable - and this may happen recognized only when dyeing the finished fabric. Especially older ones Systems require particularly conscientious and attentive Operating personnel.

A very important component in process control is starting up, changing over and stopping the production line. Here is a particularly attractive destination for the Automation: what is widespread in Western Europe today Shutting down the system over the weekend does not only bring costly downtimes, but a pronounced one Restlessness in the process. Each time a machine comes to a standstill is a malfunction and after a short time brings more upstream or the following machines from the production cycle. The Starting up a spinning plant is always process-related risky. Automation is therefore not a priority such as the automatic startup of the system, but that Avoiding downtimes. Through low-personnel shifts at In the future, it will be possible to start up at night or at the weekend largely avoid.

Mastered spinning technology and automation are in interdependence. Only a good-natured process leaves manage themselves automatically. Unforeseen, sudden Deviations in the fiber properties disrupt production just like technical downtimes of individual machines. Even if the average throughput time of a material element from fiber bale to yarn takes several days, are intervention cycles in the minute range for some process stages to keep up to the material flow upright receive. The organization and management of the spinning mill is therefore closely linked to the production cycle of the individual Machinery.

Originally the areas were blowroom - carding - Vorwerk - final spinning and winding each individual mastery, Process-technically separated by material buffers. The conditions there are no longer any today. Despite being greatly increased Production rate is the operation of an entire process step or several connected machines by one only person is quite common today. The process flow this makes it all the more sensitive to faults and the personnel reserve for unplanned interventions is largely missing.

This results in machine monitoring as the first field of application for IT networking. From the statistics of the Runtimes and downtimes can be concluded that lead to more efficient personnel deployment. The supervision the quality of drawstring and yarn allowed as next the diagnosis of disturbances in spinning technology Process flow. This makes timely maintenance easier of the machines.

• Nur die Stillstände, nicht aber deren Begründung werden automatisch erfasst. Für die Störungs-Statistik bedarf es weiterhin auf Mitwirkung des Bedieners.
• Der Materialfluss ist nicht kontrolliert. Das Fortpflanzen eines Fehlers lässt sich nur mit Mutmassungen verfolgen.
• Technologisch bedeutsame Eingriffe wie das Beheben von Fadenbrüchen oder das Entfernen von Wickeln werden nur indirekt erfasst, beispielsweise über die Stillstandszeit der Spinnstelle oder der Maschine.
• Schliesslich zeigt die Statistik lediglich die Vergangenheit auf. Sie lässt mannigfaltige Fehlschlüsse zu. Ein rasches Eingreifen, Voraussetzung für eine zeitgerechte Fehlerbehebung, erfordert nach wie vor die Kontrollrunde einer aufmerksamen Bedienungsperson.

Both tasks are technically solved today, as far as the individual production machines with their individual operation allow. However, this monitoring finds its narrow limits in a lack of information, due to the manual handling of the transports and other important interventions:

• Only the downtimes, but not the reasons for them, are recorded automatically. The operator still has to participate in the fault statistics.
• The material flow is not controlled. The propagation of an error can only be followed with presumptions.
• Technologically significant interventions such as the removal of thread breaks or the removal of spools are only recorded indirectly, for example over the downtime of the spinning station or the machine.
• Finally, the statistics only show the past. It allows a variety of wrong conclusions. Rapid intervention, a prerequisite for timely troubleshooting, still requires the inspection round of an attentive operator.

Further steps in process monitoring are therefore on the automation of the most important operator functions. To assess various IT concepts it is important to do this in the environment of the other automation functions consider.

The economic pressure to introduce automation arises primarily at the places with the greatest need for personnel. The focus here is on threading as well the transport and exchange of roving bobbins. In the rotor spinning mill, where the automatic thread application is already at State of the art, transport the spinning cans in the Vorwerk and the removal of the spools of thread future heavyweight.

The functions listed here are a basis for the IT networking, which is complemented by today Already implemented quality recording on the card, the Route (e.g. after our PCT patent application with the Int. Publication number WO 92/00409 and the winding machine. For Different parts of this automation stand in the time Stage of development and have not yet been widely used found. But this is precisely the case with concepts for IT networking to take into account. Here at would scarce dimensioning of the transmission capacity most valuable Future opportunities blocked.

With all use of operating robots and transport systems it is anticipated that a whole series of operations especially in the area of exceptional situations and Maintenance is reserved for the human operator. The operating capacity, which is now kept to a minimum, must therefore be met used according to exact priorities - an important one and above all time-critical task in the area of operator support. The practical experience in the pioneering companies, which individual automation steps already have realized the crucial role of a Alarm system. The right man in the right place becomes Criterion for the operation of the entire system. This can be done no longer guarantee through person-to-person communication, because already looking for an employee in the Plant requires an extended tour of several minutes.

Similar time-critical processes arise from the chaining in the material flow. The traditional decoupling of the individual Process stages through large intermediate storage corresponds not the requirements of a flexible, high quality monitored production line. Transport automation means hence the step from surveillance to IT to control certain transfer points and thus direct involvement in the process. Failure of the control function is immediately synonymous with a disturbance in production. The reliability of computer science is for the operation as important as that of the Airline booking system: every failure has serious consequences within minutes. The manufacturer of Spinning plants consider the topic of IT network therefore from the perspective of the overall process and see it far more than a PC application or a supplement to in-house data processing.

Fig. 3 summarizes the functions and requirements for the temporal skills of process control in the spinning mill together.

Conceptual aspects of the invention

• Das Ausweiten der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung in die Produktionslinie hinein bis zur einzelnen Prozessstufe und Maschine, gleichbedeutend mit einer Einführung der Informatik von oben nach unten.
• Das Ausgestalten der Qualitätsüberwachung mit Einbezug der Materialflussüberwachung zu einer vollen Prozessüberwachung. Dieses Vorgehen entspricht einer Weiterentwicklung der bekannten Systeme zur Betriebsdaten- und Qualitätserfassung.

Basically, one can differentiate between two previous approaches for the design of a networked process IT solution:

• The expansion of production planning and control into the production line down to the individual process level and machine, synonymous with an introduction of computer science from top to bottom.
• The design of quality monitoring with inclusion of material flow monitoring to a full process monitoring. This procedure corresponds to a further development of the known systems for operating data and quality recording.

This invention is based on a third concept, namely the introduction of new spinning machines with controllable properties for operation with a closed control loop. This also includes troubleshooting by operating robots (Normal case) and operating personnel (exceptional case, repair). This concept means switching to one actual process control. It sets a high degree of Automation and process monitoring ahead. Fig. 4 summarizes a corresponding overview of the introduction of process informatics together in the spinning mill.

The concept in and of itself is not new - approaches for it can be found in the prior art mentioned in this application is. So far, however, the concept has been in the spinning mill has not been enforced consistently.

• Die Prozessregelung selbst ist auf höchste Betriebssicherheit, die damit verbundene Bedienerführung (Alarme) dagegen auf grosse Geschwindigkeit und hohen Daten-Durchsatz angewiesen. Beide Funktionen des Netzwerks haben unmittelbaren Einfluss auf den Prozess-Ablauf. Da die regelmässigen Kontrollgänge des Bedieners entfallen, wird eine moderne, stark automatisierte Spinnereianlage auf ein gut ausgebautes Alarm-System absolut angewiesen sein.
• Eine umfassende Verdichtung und Auswertung der Sensor-Signale, etwa als Spektrogramm, lässt sich wegen der erforderlichen Rechenkapazität nicht mehr in jeder Maschinensteuerung vollziehen. Eine leistungsfähige Qualitäts-erfassung muss deshalb Zugriff haben auf die Rohdaten direkt ab Sensor. Eine vorherige Verdichtung durch eine lokale Auswerte-Einheit macht eine künftige Erweiterung der Funktionen äusserst aufwendig. Die Übertragung von Rohdaten ist zwar nicht zeitkritisch und erträgt Kompromisse in der Zuverlässigkeit, erfordert aber einen grossen Daten-Durchsatz.
• Die praktische Erfahrung mit handelsüblichen Schnittstellen zeigt, dass für die Anwendung nur noch mit einem Zehntel der theoretisch verfügbaren Übertragungsleistung gerechnet werden kann. Der Rest wird für die Selbstüberprüfung, die Steuerung des Datenverkehrs und als Reserve für Spitzenbelastungen benötigt.

The step into process control requires powerful communication that is also designed for future tasks. The standard interface currently used is sufficient for the acquisition of operating data, but not for the process control of connected machines. The limit of application possibilities is not only in the transmission capacity:

• The process control itself is dependent on maximum operational reliability, the operator guidance (alarms) associated with it, however, relies on high speed and high data throughput. Both functions of the network have a direct influence on the process flow. Since the regular inspection tours by the operator are no longer necessary, a modern, highly automated spinning plant will absolutely depend on a well-developed alarm system.
• A comprehensive compression and evaluation of the sensor signals, for example as a spectrogram, can no longer be carried out in every machine control due to the required computing capacity. Efficient quality recording must therefore have access to the raw data directly from the sensor. A prior compression by a local evaluation unit makes a future expansion of the functions extremely complex. Although the transmission of raw data is not time-critical and tolerates reliability compromises, it does require a high data throughput.
• Practical experience with commercially available interfaces shows that only a tenth of the theoretically available transmission power can be expected for the application. The rest is needed for self-checking, data traffic control and as a reserve for peak loads.

5 summarizes the requirements for the data transmission capabilities of a network which is required to fulfill the requirements shown in Fig. 3 functions shown is designed.

This results in an IT concept that is also used in "Main problem area" (in the final spinning stage by the operating robot to the transport system, from flyers to the individual Yarn cleaner all machines essential for the process, Can connect control stations and sensors. It will expected to divide the network in order to many connection points to cope with. Preferably, the free access of the process control computer to all interfaces in the system, including the alarming of the operating personnel to provide. According to this concept, the Build communication gradually and with manageable Also renew funds. The common element is powerful process control computer with the necessary Interface driver must be provided. The single ones Machine controls must have networkable interfaces for bidirectional data transmission and at least report the respective operating status.

The choice of the individual interface protocols is less Meaning as commonly accepted. A In these systems, serial is a matter of course Data transmission. Those working with two-wire lines Transmission standards RS 232, RS 422 and RS 485 are likely for the second half of the 90s no longer sufficient: capacity and range are already scarce for systems with some Dozen connection points and cable lengths up to several hundred meters. With the division into several Networks nevertheless create usable solutions with the advantage inexpensive wiring. A future-proof investment is the networking with coaxial cable, as in the commercial computing is common. The one from American industry outgoing draft MAP is based on this technique, also the RIELAN chosen by Rieter. A future assignment of optical fibers enables at least the same transmission capacity.

Telecommunications is taking part in the development of network standards hardly any consideration for the textile industry. In the Therefore, only products with a more industrial choice are chosen Distribution, already for the necessary duration of use and reliability to ensure. The required hardware components and software drivers are precisely specified and do not have to be more specially developed.

The invention

The invention is in accordance with the latter concept a spinning plant with a process control computer for at least a machine group before, each machine the Group is provided with its own control, which the Actuators of the machine (including any assigned to this machine Auxiliary units) controls. It is at least one Network for bidirectional communication between the Computer and each machine in the group.

Control commands from the process control computer are in operation System directed to the machine controls via the network. Each machine control passes the control commands to the actuators controlled by this control, the Control commands if necessary by the machine control in control signals suitable for the actuators can be converted.

The control commands can be transmitted directly from Process control computer to the machine controls. However, this transmission can also be carried out via a further device take place, e.g. via a "machine station" of the EP 0 365 901 type described. It is important, however, that neither Process control computer still a transmitting device (such such machine stations) direct access to the Actuators of the machine is granted. Instead, one Change of machine condition, which an intervention in the actuators only require the machine control (and according to the work program effective in this control) become.

The connection of the machine control with its (controlled) Actuators can be used independently of the communication network the machine control and the process control computer and can even be different for different actuator elements (or auxiliary units). In the case of a machine with a variety of jobs (e.g. a so-called Slitting machine) and with an autonomous control for each Work place can be the connection between the machine control and the existing actuators via the autonomous job controls can be realized, for example according to DOS 3928831 or according to DOS 3910181 or according to DPS 3438962.

In a ring spinning machine today, it's unlikely that the communication link between the machine controller and the job controls for the Signal transmission between the machine control and a Auxiliary unit common to all workplaces (e.g. one Doff aggregate of a ring spinning machine) would be used. At With the new spinning process, however, it is foreseeable that Auxiliary unit designed as a mobile machine and for communication with a central office via the workplaces is designed, e.g. is provided in EP 0295406.

Depending on the design of the actuator elements the signal connection with the machine control on electrical, optical, magnetic, pneumatic, mechanical (or other) signal transmission means.

In any case, any machine control system is able to do that Control commands received from the process control computer into suitable ones To translate (convert) signals for their own actuator elements. The process control computer can accordingly a single set of control commands for a given Work machine type, regardless of whether with the process control computer connected machines of this type with the same or with different actuator elements or auxiliary units are equipped.

The sensor system of the machine preferably comprises at least one Safety sensors, which are used for signal transmission with the Machine control is connected. The machine control is preferably continuously capable of using the sensors an image of the state (especially the safety state) of the machine. The machine control can then be programmed so that it is only or only then executes a control command from the process control computer if based on the image of the condition of the machine without danger the machine of persons, machines or operating devices can be converted into the new state. The "security state" the machine therefore includes both the Safety of human operation as well as that of any mobile operating devices available on the machine (in particular automatic controls) and in elements integrated into the machine. This is of course of particular importance in connection with people who are can move freely around the machine at any time, however also in connection with any mobile devices, which does not change continuously but only occasionally on the Machine, e.g. Transport devices for original material.

In the preferred embodiment, the invention is in one System after our PCT patent application with the international Publication number WO 91/16481 realized, i.e. in a system in which at least one machine control is a Has user interface and the process control computer this user interface for communication with a People or with a mobile machine on this machine can use. This arrangement can be relative easily be made sure that in the whole of the calculator controlled system a specific signal a unique Meaning is assigned. This can be compared to a system after which the operating support via a system independent of the machine controls, e.g. according to US 4194349. The advantages of the combination according to this invention are particularly pronounced when a Process control computer both the operator support and also influences the control of the machines, e.g. in one Doff management system for ring spinning machines, similar to one System according to US 4665686.

The operator support via the user interface the applicable machine naturally also ensures that the help is offered where it is necessary. This allows also a simplification of the alarm or call system, because in principle, operation is now only possible on the machine concerned must be conducted without first knowing exactly what is necessary Action to be informed. The alarm or call system must Of course, still ensure that the operation is about the urgency or the priority of the service call or that the correct accessibility or operator (Help, maintenance, thread break repair, etc.) to the affected machine is called.

Instructions can be sent to the user via the user interface Be given to the operator to take an action which is not carried out by the machine control itself can be e.g. because the necessary actuators in the applicable machine is not available or not under control of the machine control. An example of one such act (namely, the decommissioning of a bad working spinning station where the machine control is not directly can intervene in the spinning positions) is in our CH Patent Application No. 697 / 91-2 dated March 7, 1991 (Obj. 2211). The operator can also be asked to do so be certain information (data) in the communication system (e.g. a keyboard). These dates complete e.g. the image of the system in the process control computer, if the appropriate sensor technology in the guided Machines missing.

The operator is also preferably able (or is even "forced" to cause the generation of a signal which represents the execution of the instruction and this to the machine control or the process control computer communicates.

The preferred system according to this invention is with a Provide sensors, which the operation of the system without ensures the process control signals of the process control computer. According to this preferred arrangement, the system is as "Conventionally" operated system designed, i.e. she is on the machine level with such sensors and with Such machine controls connected to this sensor system provide that the system without the Process control computer is fully operational.

The control signals generated by the operational process control computer then have an optimizing effect on the otherwise operational Plant, the machine controls of the plant based on the Capable of signals from the associated sensors are to check the plausibility of the control signals at any time. A machine control only then executes a control command from the Process control computer from when the plausibility check no contradiction between the control signal (control command) of the Process control computer and those determined by the sensors Condition of the system reveals. Otherwise the machine control will trigger an alarm signal. The "control commands" of the Process control computers are usually in the form of setpoints generated or intended to processes or state transitions trigger on the machine (s).

The system ("machine chain") can be operated "conventionally" in the sense that already known controls and Sensors are sufficient to operate the system without the process control computer to operate. These controls known today can of course still be improved, but are still as to be considered "conventional" as long as they are able the system is operationally upright without the process control computer to obtain. If the process control computer fails, can do certain functions of the process control computer be taken over by the operator. In this case the possibility of human intervention in the "conventional" Investment control can be provided. But it is also desirable for other reasons, the possibility of individual interventions by the operator in the Provide process flows for the system, even if the Plant as a whole controlled or regulated by the process control computer becomes.

• einem Prozessleitrechner für mindestens eine Gruppe der Maschinen der Anlage,
• einer autonomen Steuerung für jede Maschine dieser Gruppe,
• einem Netzwerk für die bidirektionale Kommunikation zwischen dem Prozessleitrechner und den autonomen Steuerungen, wobei Steuerbefehle vom Prozessleitrechner an die Steuerungen über das Netzwerk übermittelt werden können,
• für mindestens eine Steuerung derartige Bedienungsmittel, dass diese Steuerung durch die Bedienungsmittel neu eingestellt werden kann, wobei die Bedienungsmittel ein selektiv betätigbares Mittel umfasst, wodurch diese Steuerung in einem ersten oder einem zweiten Zustand gestellt werden kann, so dass in ihrem ersten Zustand die Steuerung nur auf die Bedienungsmittel reagiert und in ihrem zweiten Zustand die Steuerung sowohl auf den Bedienungsmitteln als auch auf Leitsignale vom Prozessleitrechner reagiert.

According to a second aspect, the invention therefore provides a spinning plant with the following features:

• a process control computer for at least one group of the machines in the system,
• an autonomous control for each machine in this group,
• a network for bidirectional communication between the process control computer and the autonomous controls, control commands being able to be transmitted from the process control computer to the controls via the network,
• for at least one controller such control means that this control can be reset by the control means, the control means comprising a selectively operable means, whereby this control can be set in a first or a second state, so that in its first state the control only reacts to the operating means and in its second state the control reacts both to the operating means and to control signals from the process control computer.

In a plant where all or at least the critical machine controls according to this second aspect of the invention are formed, it is the operator at all times (via the "operating means") possible in the processes of the Plant to intervene whether the process control computer is operational is or not. Furthermore, the operator is able to every single machine or at least certain machines disconnect from the process control computer and then e.g. Tries, Maintenance work or changes to this selected Machine.

In the event of a failure of the process control computer (or an essential one Function thereof) or the communication network between the host computer and the machines, is the or each Machine or the sensor system for supplying the host computer with data, preferably with local storage means for preliminary storage of the data involved. If the computer or network is operational again, can the data stored in this way to the host computer to be delivered. Each "communication unit" (device, the data over the network to the master computer supplies) can therefore e.g. be provided with means to determine whether the data supplied will be accepted or not (e.g. have been "acknowledged"). Missing e.g. the "Acknowledge" (confirmation of the arrival of the delivered data in the process control computer) the connection of the applicable Sensor technology implemented with the provisional storage medium become. At most, the accrued during normal operation (Raw) data entered in a local buffer memory and are only then delivered to the network be "guaranteed" that communication with the process control computer runs according to plan.

According to a third aspect of the invention, "raw data" delivered to the process control computer. "Raw data" mean not (necessarily) the actual output signals of the sensors, but at least the full "information content" such signals.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the System despite the presence of the process control computer without this computer fully operational, for which the machines with the necessary sensors are provided.

These and other aspects of the invention will now be described with reference to the examples illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 1

schematisch die Verteilung der Wertschöpfung in einer Ringspinnerei für gekämmte Baumwolle,

Fig. 2

schematisch den Personalbedarf in den Prozess-Stufen,

Fig. 3

schematisch die Funktionen der Prozess-Steuerung in der Spinnerei (zeigt Datenform und zeitlichen Anfall der Signale),

Fig. 4

schematisch die Einführung der Prozess-Informatik in der Spinnerei,

Fig. 5

schematisch die Anforderungen an die Datenübertragung,

Fig. 6

ein Layout-Diagramm einer Spinnerei bis zum Spinnen (ohne Umspulen),

Fig. 7

eine Zusammenfassung des Diagramms der Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

eine Rechner-Anordnung für eine Prozess-Steuerung in einer Anlage nach Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

schematisch die Vernetzung von Maschinen, Bedienungsrobotern und Transportsystemen,

Fig. 10

eine diagrammatische Darstellung der Verbindung zwischen einer Maschinensteuerung und einer Spinnstelle,

Fig. 11

eine diagrammatische Darstellung der Verbindung zwischen einer Maschinensteuerung und einer Spulstelle,

Fig. 12

schematisch eine mögliche Architektur einer Prozess-Steuerung,

Fig. 13

eine Modifikation der Architektur nach Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

weitere Modifikationen der Architektur nach Fig. 12,

Fig. 15

eine Aufstellung von Begriffen, Standards und Zuständen, die für die Prozess-Steuerung von Bedeutung sind.

Fig. 16

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Ringspinnmaschine mit einigen Hilfsgeräten,

Fig. 17

ein schematisches Layout eines Spinnsaals, das Roboter als Hilfsgeräte umfasst,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung einer in der Maschine eingebauten Transporteinrichtung,

Fig. 19

eine Modifikation der Anordnung nach Fig. 14,

Fig. 20

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung verschiedener Möglichkeiten nach dieser Erfindung,

Fig. 21

(schematisch) die sogenannte Drehzahlkurve der Ringspinnmaschine, und

Fig. 22

ein Diagramm zur näheren Erläuterung der "kommunikationsfähigen" Maschine.

It shows:

Fig. 1

schematically the distribution of added value in a ring spinning mill for combed cotton,

Fig. 2

schematically the personnel requirements in the process stages,

Fig. 3

schematic of the functions of the process control in the spinning mill (shows data form and timing of the signals),

Fig. 4

schematically the introduction of process information technology in the spinning mill,

Fig. 5

schematically the requirements for data transmission,

Fig. 6

a layout diagram of a spinning mill up to spinning (without rewinding),

Fig. 7

a summary of the diagram of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

7 shows a computer arrangement for a process control in a system according to FIG. 7,

Fig. 9

schematically the networking of machines, operating robots and transport systems,

Fig. 10

a diagrammatic representation of the connection between a machine control and a spinning station,

Fig. 11

a diagrammatic representation of the connection between a machine control and a winding unit,

Fig. 12

schematically a possible architecture of a process control,

Fig. 13

a modification of the architecture according to FIG. 12,

Fig. 14

further modifications of the architecture according to FIG. 12,

Fig. 15

a list of terms, standards and conditions that are important for process control.

Fig. 16

1 shows a schematic cross section through a ring spinning machine with some auxiliary devices,

Fig. 17

1 shows a schematic layout of a spinning room which comprises robots as auxiliary devices,

Fig. 18

1 shows a schematic representation of a transport device installed in the machine,

Fig. 19

a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 14,

Fig. 20

1 shows a diagram for explaining various possibilities according to this invention,

Fig. 21

(schematically) the so-called speed curve of the ring spinning machine, and

Fig. 22

a diagram for a more detailed explanation of the "communicative" machine.

The problem of process control (whether automatic or through human operation) in the spinning mill lies partly in the "Splitting" of the material flow between the entrance in the process line and the transfer to the yarn store or further processing in weaving or knitting. This should be clarified below before the application of the Principles according to this invention is explained. This one listed system is conventional and already in PCT patent application PCT / CH / 91/00140 (Int. Publication number WO 92/00409) has been shown; it only serves as an example.

The spinning mill shown in FIG. 6 comprises a bale opener 120, a coarse cleaning machine 122, a mixing machine 124, two fine cleaning machines 126, twelve cards 128, two lines 130 (first line passage), two combing preparation machines 132, ten combing machines 136, four Routes 138 (second route passage), five flyers 140 and forty ring spinning machines 142. each ring spinning machine 142 includes a large number of spinning positions (up to approx. 1200 Spinning positions per machine). This is discussed in more detail below Relation to Fig. 16 explained.

Fig. 6 shows a conventional arrangement for manufacturing today from a so-called combed ring yarn. The Ring spinning can be done by a newer spinning process (e.g. rotor spinning) are replaced, the flyers then become superfluous. But since the principles of this invention are applicable regardless of the type of final spinning stage, the explanation in connection with the conventional is enough Ring spiders also related to the application of the invention with new spinning processes. Not shown in Fig. 6 the winder used for new spinning processes (e.g. rotor spinning) falls away anyway.

The spinning mill according to FIG. 6 is again schematic in FIG. 7 shown, in the latter case the machines at "processing stages" have been summarized. According to this Consideration forms the bale opener 120 and the coarse cleaning machine 122, mixing machine 124 and fine cleaning machines 126 together a so-called blow room 42, which the card 44 with largely opened and cleaned Delivered fiber material. Inside the blow room the fiber material in a pneumatic transport system (Air flow) conveyed from machine to machine, which system is completed in the carding. Card 128 each deliver a tape as an intermediate product, which is in one suitable container (a so-called "can") and must be carried on.

The first route passage (through routes 130) and the second route passage (through routes 136) each form a processing stage 46 or 52 (Fig. 7). Form in between the comb preparation machines 132 a processing stage 48 (FIG. 7) and the combing machines 134 a processing stage 50 (Fig. 7). Finally, the flyers form 138 a spin preparation stage 54 (Fig. 7) and the ring spinning machines 140 a final spinning stage 56 (Fig. 7).

In our German patent application No. 39 24 779 dated 06/26/1989 we describe a process control system, according to which Spinning is organized in "areas" and signals from one Area for the control of previous ones Areas can be exploited. An example of a such a system is shown schematically in Fig. 8, the Annex comprises three areas B1, B2 and B3 and each area a dedicated process control computer R1, R2, R3 is assigned. Each computer R1, R2, R3 is connected for signal exchange (indicated schematically in FIG. 8 by the connections 86). It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the representation of the 8 is purely schematic. Of course there can be only one Process control computers are provided, which with all areas the spinning plant is connected and the desired Carries out signal exchange between these areas. It other "areas" could also be defined. e.g. to the article "Integrated process data processing with USTER MILLDATA "by H.P. Erni (Reutlinger Spinnerei Kolloquium, 2/3 December 1987). The version shown with a process computer R per area B represents a sensible version which is accepted for this declaration.

Area B1 includes the blowroom 42 and the carding machine 44 (Fig. 7).

Area B2 encompasses both of the route sections 146, 152 (Fig. 7) as well as comb preparation stage 148 and combing 150.

Area B3 includes flyers 154 and the final spinning stage 156 (Fig. 7), possibly also a winder.

The adaptation of the systems according to Figures 6 to 8 to the in Connection with the principles explained in FIGS. 1 to 5 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 14. The area B3 (FIG. 8) serves as an example here.

a) die Flyerstufe 300,

b) eine Endspinnstufe 320, in diesem Fall durch Ringspinnmaschinen gebildet,

c) ein Vorgarntransportsystem 310, um Flyerspulen von der Flyerstufe 300 an die Endspinnstufe 320 und leere Hülsen von der Endspinnstufe 320 zurück an die Flyerstufe 300 zu tragen, und

d) eine Umspulstufe 330, um die an den Ringspinnmaschinen gebildeten Kopse in grösseren (zylindrischen oder konischen) Packungen umzuwandeln.

A practical implementation of the area B3 for an automated system is shown in FIG. 9, but still schematically, in order to represent the IT aspects of the system. The system section shown comprises (in the order of the process stages, ie the "chaining" of the machines):

a) flyer level 300,

b) a final spinning stage 320, in this case formed by ring spinning machines,

c) a roving transport system 310 for carrying flyer bobbins from flyer stage 300 to final spinning stage 320 and empty tubes from final spinning stage 320 back to flyer stage 300, and

d) a rewinding stage 330 in order to convert the cops formed on the ring spinning machines into larger (cylindrical or conical) packs.

Each processing stage 300, 320, 330 comprises a plurality of main work units (machines), each with its own Control are provided. This control is in Fig. 9 not shown, but is used below in connection with Fig. 10 explained in more detail. On the respective machine control are attached, are robotics units (automatic controls), that are directly assigned to this machine. In 9 is a separate doffer for each level 300 flyer provided - the function "Flyerdoffen" is in Fig. 9 with the Box 302 indicated. One possible implementation is e.g. in EP-360 149 or shown in DE-OS-3 702 265.

In Fig. 9 there are also stage 320 for each ring spinning machine one operating machine per row of spinning stations for operating the Spinning stations and a slip-on control for the roving feed intended. The function "spinning station control" is with boxes 322, 324 (one box per row of spinning positions) and the function "roving feed" indicated by box 326. One possible implementation is e.g. in EP-41 99 68 or PCT Patent Application No. PCT / CH / 91/00225 dated November 2, 1991.

The roving transport system 310 is also with its own Provide control that are not explained here should. System 310 includes a cleaning unit Roving bobbins before being returned to flyer level 300 become. In Fig. 9 the function "roving bobbin cleaner" indicated by box 312. A possible execution this part of the system is in EP-43 12 68 (and partly in EP 39 24 82).

The ring spinning machines of level 320 and winding machines of the Level 330 together form a "machine network", which means the transport of the cops to the winding machines is guaranteed is. This assembly is controlled by the winding machine out.

A network 350 is provided, through which all the machines of the stages 300, 320, 330 and system 310 for signal exchange (Data transmission) connected to a process control computer 340 are. The computer 340 directly operates an alarm system 342 and an operator 344 e.g. in a control center or in a Master office.

A very important function of rewinding ring spun yarn is the so-called yarn cleaning, which is indicated with the box 360 is. The yarn cleaner is over the net 350 with the Process control computer 340 connected. Through this device yarn defects are eliminated and at the same time information (Data) obtained the conclusions from the previous ones Enable process stages. The thread cleaning function will exercised on the winder.

Figures 10 and 11 show something more detailed, however schematic representations of a ring spinning machine 321 (Fig. 10) of stage 320 and a winding machine 331 (Fig. 11) level 330.

The control of the machine 321 is schematic with 323 and the control of the machine 331 indicated by 333. For every Machine 321, 331 is a single working position 330 (Fig. 10), 380 (Fig. 11) indicated schematically. In the case of Ring spinning machine 321 includes work station 370 Suspension (not shown) in the attachment (not shown) for a flyer spool 371, which roving 372 to a drafting system 373 supplies. The fibers emerging from the drafting system 373 are spun into a yarn 374 which is on a tube 375 is wound into a cop 376. The sleeve 375 is from a spindle (not shown) carried by a drive motor 373 assigned to this spindle (single spindle drive) set in rotation around its own longitudinal axis becomes.

The work station 380 of the winding machine includes a feed (not shown) for individual head carriers 381 (e.g. so-called "Peg trays"), each carrying a 382 cop. The yarn 383 des Kopses is unwound and attached to a splicer 384 Thread switching 385 supplied. A bobbin holder (not shown) carries a sleeve (not shown) as the core of a package 386 by rotating the sleeve around your own (horizontal) axis for one generated by the traversing axial movement of the thread is formed.

It is assumed that each job 370, 380 has one own sensors. In the case of the ring spinning machine this from a simple sensor 378 per spinning station in order to determine whether the spinning positions (the spindle motors 377) is in operation or not. The winding unit 380 can with a corresponding sensor 387 can be provided. The winding unit 380 but is also equipped with a yarn tester 361, which forms an element of the yarn cleaner 360 (FIG. 9). The yarn testing device includes a yarn sensor (not separately indicated), the predetermined quality parameter of the yarn monitors and corresponding signals (data) to a data acquisition unit 362 of machine 331, which provides the data for all winding units of this machine. The Data unit 362 provides another element of the yarn cleaner 360. Via lines 351, 352 and 353 of network 350 (Fig. 9) are the controllers 323, 333 and the data unit 362 connected to the host computer 340 (FIG. 9). The data unit 362 also exchanges signals with the controller 333 Dishwasher. The automatic controls can also be used Sensors are provided, e.g. like in our US patent 4,944,033.

According to one aspect of this invention, the system is designed that the computer 340 has direct access to the "Raw data" of the sensors 378, 387, 361 has, although the individual Controls 323, 333, 362 in the absence of one Control command from the host computer 340 independently of this Computer (partially autonomous) based on the output signals of the sensors 378, 387, 361 work. That means the raw data of the Controls 323, 333 and 362 are not used for sensors summarized into "reports" which contain the informational content reduce the sensor signals by "concentration" and the be forwarded to the host computer. Instead be it (at least on request from the host computer 340) as content unchanged quality or condition signals to the Master computer passed on. "Raw data" (in terms of control) are basically "actual values" of the sensors or from them derived signals, at least from the sensors Data.

Each machine 321, 331 is also equipped with a "user interface" 325 or 335 provided with the respective control 323 or 333 is connected and man-machine (or even robot machine) enables communication. The "user interface" can also be used as a "control panel", or "Control panel" or "control panel" are called. An example of such a user interface is in DE-OS-37 34 277 shown, but not for a ring spinning machine, but for a stretch. The principle is for all such controls the same. Other examples are in the article "New microcomputers for the textile industry" by F. Hösel in Melliand Textile Reports from September 1991 (ITMA Edition). The current user interface of the G5 / 2 Ring spinning machine from Maschinenfabrik RIETER AG is in "Textile World", April 1991, page 44 ff the further development of such devices is also to be expected

According to the invention according to PCT patent application no. WO / 91/16481 the system is programmed and designed in such a way that the host computer 340 provides operational support via the User interface 325 or 335 of the respective machine can afford, i.e. the master computer can control commands the network 350 and the machine controls can do so Control commands received and followed so that the condition the user interface from the host computer 340 above the respective control is determined.

12 shows a possible variant of the architecture for a Process control according to Fig. 9 to 11. Fig. 12 shows again the host computer 340 and the network 350 together with one Computer 390 of a machine control of the system (e.g. the Roving transport system 310, which is used to explain the computer science can be equated to a "machine"). Everyone Computer 340, 390 has associated memories 343, 345 and 391 and drivers 347, 349 and 393, 394, 395, 396, respectively.

The drivers 349 and 394 determine the necessary interfaces for the communication of the computers 340, 390 with their respective user interfaces, here as display, operation and printer indicated. Driver 347 determines that Interface between the host computer 340 and the network 350 and driver 393 the interface between the network 350 and the machine control 390.

Driver 395 determines the interfaces between the machine controller 390 and the drives controlled thereby (e.g. in the case of the ring spinning machine, Fig. 10, the spindle drive motors 377). Driver 396 determines the interface between the machine control 390 and the one assigned to it Sensors (e.g. in the case of the ring spinning machine, Fig. 10, sensors 378).

13 now shows a first modification of this architecture. An additional driver 348 is now assigned to the host computer 340, which is the interface between the computer 340 and another network 355. The computer associated machines (not shown) are now either Network 350 or network 355 attached. The drivers / networks Differentiate between combinations 347/350 and 348/355 themselves in that they have different machine controls are compatible - the machines must be dependent of their control types with one or the other Network 350 or 355 can be connected.

Only two drivers 347, 348 have been shown in Figure 13 - it but can obviously still other networks, each connected to the host computer via its own driver become. Doubling or multiplying the number Networks can not only be used to overcome compatibility problems be applied. If e.g. the plant like this is big that capacity problems in connection with a Such problems can arise through single network 350 reduces the use of a second network (if not completely solved). (see the comments in the Introduction regarding the transmission capacities of the today's interfaces).

14 shows a further modification of the arrangement according to 12, in which case a single network 350 (shown) or a plurality of networks (not shown) for Application can come. Elements in Fig. 14 made with elements 12 are identical, wear in both figures the same reference numerals.

14 shows a further driver 410, which acts as an interface between network 350 and control one another machine 400 is used. This machine 400 is the one Chained machine controlled by computer 390 e.g. if the latter machine is one Is mixing machine, machine 400 can be a bale opener or be a card feed. The driver 396 is also a additional sensor 397 attached, which is not in the "own" Machine, but in the next machine 400 the "Chain" is provided and the state of this machine 400 the "own" machine controller (the computer 390). There can obviously be several such additional sensors in the other or in various other machines in the chain be provided.

Such "spy sensors" make every semi-autonomous control able to roughly execute the commands given by the computer 340 check for contradictions. More importantly, the semi-autonomous Control remains functional even if that Network 350 or master computer 340 has a defect. This will certainly reduce the efficiency of the system; she but remains in (not optimal) operation.

15 schematically shows various terms and states, for the widespread use of process control systems should be standardized. These states should be on considered in every case when determining the necessary sensors become. The diagram A / B indicates a bale opener, C on a card, E on a combing machine and RU on a rotor spinning machine.

The following is the application of a process control system according to this invention in connection with ring spinning as Example described in more detail. The machine itself will treated for the time being.

The ring spinning machine (and its auxiliary devices)

The ring spinning machine serves as an example in this application a "slitting machine". Other slitting machines are Flyer, the spinning machines for the new spinning processes (rotor spinning machines, Jet spinning machines), winding machines, Twisting machines (e.g. double wire twisting machines) and false wire texturing machines for processing continuous filaments.

The general principles of a modern ring spinning system are in the article "The automated ring spinning machine" by F. Dinkelmann included the colloquium at the Reutlingen spinning mill 2/3 December 1986 was presented.

The machine according to FIG. 16 comprises a double-sided frame 210 with two rows of spinning positions 212 and 214, which are mirror images arranged to a central plane ME of the machine are. In a modern machine, every such row of spinning stations contains 212, 214 between 500 and 600 closely lined up Spinning positions. Each spinning station includes a drafting system 216, thread guide elements 218 and a cop forming Unit 220. Unit 220 contains individual ones Working elements such as Spindle, ring and runner, but play no role in this invention and not individually are shown. These elements are known to the person skilled in the art and are e.g. can be seen from EP-A 382943. For every row of spinning positions 212 or 214, a doffing machine 222, 224 is provided, which all spinning positions of the row of spinning positions assigned to it operated at the same time. This machine is here also not described in more detail, details from EP-A 303877 can be found.

Each row of spinning positions 212 and 214 is also at least one Operating device 226 or 228 assigned, which of the respective Row is movable along and operating operations can perform the individual spinning positions. Details of a such operating devices are e.g. can be seen from EP-A 388938.

The frame 210 carries a gate 230 which consists of vertical Rods 232 and cross beams 234 is formed. Rails 236 are mounted on the outer ends of the cross beams 234 and extend in the longitudinal direction of the machine. Any rail 236 serves as a guideway for a trolley train 238 which introduces new coils 240 to the gate 230. details Such a trolley train can be found in EP-43 12 68.

The gate 230 also includes carriers 242 for supply coils 244, 246, which supply the individual spinning stations with roving. The beams 242 are drawn as cross rails, but with this arrangement is irrelevant to this invention. in the 16 are the supply spools for each row of spinning stations 212 and 214 arranged in two rows in an inner row 244 near the median plane ME and an outer row 246, which is away from the central plane ME is.

The cross members 234 also carry one on each machine side Rail arrangement 248 or 250, which serves as a guideway for a respective mobile robot 252 or 254 is used. The Robot 252 or 254 therefore runs between the outer supply coil row 246 and those carried by trolley train 238 new coils 240 and above the respective control unit 226 or 228. The robot 252 is for operating the two supply coil rows of the gate, as in our PCT Patent Application No. PCT / CH / 91/00225 has been declared. This robot is designed for sliver handling in such a way that after changing the spool in the gate, the fuse of the new one Bobbin is threaded into the drafting system by the robot.

Transport equipment

Fig. 17 shows an example of the layout of the spinning room one Ring spinning system by a robot after PCT patent application No. PCT / CH / 91/00225 is operated. The diagram 17 is intended in particular to explain the delivery of spinning machines with original material to be processed serve. A flyer 500 delivers over a rail network 302 (with buffer sections 504) for trolleys (not shown) spools on four ring spinning machines 504, 506, 508 and 510. With AK or EK is the drive head or the end head for each machine (removed from the drive head). About switch points 512 a trolley can be guided on any machine side become. Accordingly, each machine is a U-shaped one Allocated section of the network. The transport device is controlled by a central computer 514 of the transport system. An example of the construction of a transport network between flyers and ring spinning machines is in the European Find patent application No. 43 12 68.

It is also a rail network 516 for the coil change or Matching robot 518 provided to the robot 16 corresponds to 252, 254 according to FIG. Network 516 includes for each machine has a respective U-shaped section, but the the corresponding U-shaped section of the transport network 502 is opposite. Via connectors 520 can the robot 518 is guided from one machine to another become.

Spool change operations are preferably performed after a predetermined one "Change strategy" executed, an example of which in PCT Patent Application No. PCT / CH / 91/00225. According to this strategy, the change operations become alternate on one or the other side of the machine carried out to the workload of the control devices 226,228 (Fig. 16). Because it is necessary when re-threading the drafting system, a bobbin change operation every time coordinate with a thread break repair, so that the control unit 226 or 228 should always be present at the affected spinning positions. Of course, this means that the control unit is used not available from other spinning stations, though if necessary, other faults (such as a thread break repair require) occur at these other spinning positions.

The preferred machine arrangement therefore comprises at least two operating devices (Fig. 16), one on each machine side assigned. During an operating device, therefore, for cooperation with a bobbin change operation on one machine side can be delegated is the control unit on the other side of the machine, the spinning positions to operate that do not require a bobbin change operation.

The request (in the form of a signal) to advance of a fully loaded trolley train from the Transport device to a specific ring spinning machine preferably from this machine itself (for example according to EP-392482). The positioning of this trolley train compared to the ring spinning machine then depends on the overall arrangement from. For example, it could be provided that an entire machine side each time with trolley trains is occupied, after which bobbin changing operations by the robot be performed. The information regarding the Gate positions which are to be occupied from these trolleys, should be in the ring spinning machine or in the robot (rather than in the central control 514 of the transport device) his.

In the more likely case that the trolley train is shorter than the total length of the machine is and that the bobbin changing operations Each trolley train must be done in groups in a suitable position opposite the ring spinning machine be placed and locked. In this case it is preferred an interface between controller 514 of FIG Transport device and the control of the ring spinning machine to define so that the movements of the trolley train this interface from the ring spinning machine control be adopted (e.g. according to EP 392482). The appropriate location information can either from the robot to the Ring spinning machine can be delivered or they can in the Ring spinning machine control system and robot be transmitted.

Triggering a bobbin change operation can be done by the Ring spinning machine either by time or (preferably) according to the amount of sliver delivered (i.e. depending machine speed).

17 (with a connection for the Robots between two or more, (four in Fig. 17), machines is possible or not depends on the frequency of bobbin changes from, which in turn depends on the thread number. if the Connection is possible, the transition should be from a machine to another by the central controller 514 of the Transport device depending on the delivery to the Machines are coordinated with trolleys.

However, a spinning machine needs a transport device not only for the supply of the original material but also to transport the product of the spinning machine itself. Most modern ring spinning machines today are with two Conveyor belts equipped according to Fig. 18. Each row of spindles is assigned its own pin provided with a pin. The Empty sleeves are each on a pin by the movement of the Belt in the longitudinal direction of the machine and the doffing machine thereby fed to the spinning stations - the same or different pins attached to the belt are used to remove the full Kopse after being removed from the spindles by the doffing machine become. Examples of such systems are described in US 3791123; CH 653378 and EP 366048 to find. Newer systems based on the basis of the so-called peg tray, e.g. out can be found in European patent application No. 45 03 79.

The spinning machines using newer processes need others Transport devices, e.g. for transporting cans to the or for the further transport of packages from the rotor spinning machine. Examples of such systems are in DE 4015938.8 from May 18, 1990 (can supply) or DOS 4011298 and DOS 4112073 (Package transport system).

The actuators of the (ring) spinning machine

The actuators of the machine include both the one and the attached elements and aggregates. The actuators for the built-in elements includes at least drives for the Spindles, the drafting systems and ring bench. A modern concept System (single drive) for driving the spindles, Ring bench and drafting systems of a ring spinning machine is in EP 349831 and 392255 shown what for each spindle and also a separate drive motor for each drafting system is provided. The most used drive system today (Central drive) for the ring spinning machine includes a main motor in the drive head of the machine and Transmission means (e.g. longitudinal shafts, belts or gears), the driving forces from the main motor to the drive elements transferred to.

In any case, in a machine according to FIG. 16 there must be one Additional motor provided for the Doff devices 222.224 become. The actuator system for the built-in elements also includes the drives of the transport devices for cops (e.g. after DOS 3610838) or for empty sleeves in the attachment (e.g. according to WO 90/12133).

The attached auxiliary units naturally include both Robots 226,228 and 252,254 as well as transport trolleys 238, which are temporarily positioned on the machine. Further Examples of such units are cleaning robots, blowers or other mobile machines e.g. for the runner change.

Some of these units have their own drives (mobile automatic controls). Others may not have their own Drive but are from one of the machine on or installed drive depending (see e.g. the trolley drive 16 to 18 of WO 90/12133) or a drive according to European patent application No. 42 11 77. The drives these auxiliary units are also called the actuators To consider spinning machine provided by the machine control can be influenced.

Important actuator elements are those that are used for "decommissioning" serve a spinning station, where "lay still" here "as to shut down effectively producing spinning station " is. In most cases, when one is shut down, one becomes individual spinning station not all working elements of this Spinning station brought to a standstill, but spinning wirc interrupted in this spinning station. For example by cutting off the material supply and / or by deliberate Generate a thread break happen.

In a largely automated machine (e.g. the rotor spinning machine) can do this easily from a central Machine control from one way or the other be accomplished. For example, the drive on the feed roller is interrupted to ar the material supply to prevent the opening roller or the rotor of the spinning station. But it can also be a so-called quality cut in the quality control of the spinning station or winding station be carried out to interrupt the thread flow. In dei Such a rotor spinning machine or jet spinning machine "Cut" by deliberately interrupting the feed material caused.

In today's conventional ring spinning machine there are Possibilities not available, because the actuators of the individual Spinning stations are not under the direct control of the central Machine control stands. In such machines, however A spinning station is decommissioned by a mobile auxiliary unit be accomplished, e.g. according to the European system Patent Applications Nos. 388938, 394671 and 419828 i.e. by operating a match clamp to feed the material to prevent.

The use of a match clamp to interrupt the material supply will be important for all machine types, where that Original material delivered to the spinning elements via a drafting system is because usually the parking of a single Position of a drafting system is impossible. The match clamp of the individual spinning positions can of course also ever an actuator can be assigned. These are can then also be operated from a central machine control. Examples of such match clips are in EP 322636 and EP 353575 to find.

The control of the spinning machine and its auxiliary units

Today's conventional ring spinning machine (with central drive) usually has a central microprocessor control, the appropriate control signals for the central drive system (usually by controlling a frequency converter) generated. A single drive system can e.g. a "distributed" Control according to EPO 389849 include. Novel spinning machines (Rotor or air spinning machines) are definitely with distributed controls - see e.g. EP 295406 or the article "Microelectronics - current and future areas of application in spinning mills "in Melliand textile reports 6/1985, pages 401 to 407, the distributed controls it makes sense to have a central coordinating machine control center include. This also applies to winding machines e.g. after the article "The contribution of electronically controlled textile machines on business information technology "by Dr. T. Rügen (Reutlinger Spinnerei colloquium 2/3 December 1987.

The mobile auxiliary units each have their own autonomous Control - see e.g. EP 295406, EP 394671 or EP 394708 (Obj. 2083). Although these controls work autonomously, each subordinate to the machine control hierarchically. At an upcoming doffing e.g. become the robots 226,228 through the coordinating machine control from the Working areas of the automatic doffing machines 222,224 ordered away (e.g. according to DOS 2455495).

The controller 514 of FIG. 17 is also a "machine controller" to consider, i.e. the transport device, organizationally, which connects two processing stages can be considered as a "machine". this applies not if the device in question is in a machine installed or hierarchically subordinate to a machine control is.

The sensors of today's (ring) spinning machine

Compared to the machines for the new spinning processes (e.g. rotor or jet spinning machines) is the sensor technology of today's ring spinning machine extremely poor. The rotor spinning machine e.g. has been equipped with sensors for a long time, which shows both the condition of the individual spinning station and also reflects the quality of the yarn produced therein (see EP 156153 and the prior art mentioned therein. For modern monitoring - see ITB yarn production 1/91, pages 23 to 32.4). Similar systems are also for that Filament processing in the false twist texturing machine developed - see e.g. DOS 3005746. The winding machine, which processes the cops of the ring spinning machine into cross-wound bobbins, is already with sophisticated sensors provided - see e.g. DOS 3928831, EP 365901, EP 415222 and US 4984749.

Proposals are known, according to which the ring spinning machine also with a sophisticated internal communication system and a corresponding sensor system would have to be provided - see e.g. EP 322698 and EP 389849 (= DOS 3910181). Such Proposals require revision (for their realization) of the entire ring spinning machine, what because of that associated costs - and the corresponding impact the competitiveness of the process - not abrupt but can only happen gradually.

That is probably why the ring spinning machine will be in the near future no internal communication system received. information about the conditions of the individual spinning positions therefore not from individual sensors on the respective Spinning stations but collected by mobile monitoring devices Need to become. Such devices have been known for a long time (e.g. from DOS 2731019) - a newer variant, according to which the Monitoring integrated in a thread breakage elimination machine has been shown in EP 394671 (= DOS 3909746). Further sensors of the ring spinning machine, which are used for loading the attachment are important, for example from WO 90/12133. Other sensors are for the operation of the cops or empty tube transport device necessary, such sensors are known today and therefore are not described in detail here (see, however e.g. DE patent 3344473).

It should be noted that the sensors of the spinning machine are attached instead of being built in. An example of one Such a system is described in the article "Monitoring the Quality of OE rotor yarns "in ITB yarn production 1/91, pages 23 to 32 to find.

• steht bzw. bewegt sich ein fahrbares Gerät momentan in einem Bereich, wo eine Kollision mit einem anderen Maschinenteil (z.B. einem eingebauten Doffautomat) entstehen könnte?
• werden physikalische Grenzwerte überschritten, die zu einem Schaden führen können (z.B. Drehzahl, Lagertemperaturen, Stromwerte) ? - siehe z.B. DOS 4015483.
• steht eine Person bzw. ein Hindernis in der Fahrbahn eines bewegbaren Teiles?
• ist in der Maschine eine Operation gestartet worden, die nicht sofort abgebrochen werden darf?

Regardless of whether the spinning machine is equipped with an attached or built-in sensor system, it will be equipped with at least certain sensor system elements that deliver its output signals to the machine control system. These "machine-specific" signals result in an image of the "state" of the machine. Among other things, they answer questions that are important for "security", eg

• is a mobile device currently standing or moving in an area where a collision with another machine part (e.g. a built-in doffing machine) could occur?
• Are physical limit values exceeded which can lead to damage (e.g. speed, bearing temperatures, current values)? - see e.g. DOS 4015483.
• is there a person or an obstacle in the lane of a moving part?
• Has an operation been started in the machine that must not be stopped immediately?

The corresponding sensors can be used as the safety sensors of the corresponding machine. The sensors may be on a neighboring machine or a Transport system must be installed. It is important that the sensor signals directed to the appropriate machine control become.

The control of the entire system

1. "Ueberwachung der Qualität von OE-Rotorgarnen" in ITB Garnherstellung 1/91, Seite 23 bis 32.

2. "Vergleich von Anforderungsprofil und Realität für eine automatisierte Spinnerei" in Textilpraxis International vom Oktober 1990 (ab Seite 1013).

The spinning room shown in FIG. 17 represents only part of the overall system. An entire spinning mill is shown, for example, in DOS 3924779. Other examples can be found in the following articles:

1. "Monitoring the quality of OE rotor yarns" in ITB Garnfertigung 1/91, pages 23 to 32.

2. "Comparison of the requirement profile and reality for an automated spinning mill" in Textile Practice International from October 1990 (from page 1013).

The control of the entire system is designed so that the Processing stages are "chained". Provided the transport between the processing stages is automated Signals from a "source" (delivering machine) and one "Sink" (machine to be supplied) from the control of the Transport systems are processed to a "driving order", which is then issued to a transport unit (provided of course, that a free loaded transport unit is ready). Where certain operations are not yet automated an operator is required.

Before a machine triggers an action on the actuators, is first in the image generated by the safety sensors of the machine state controls whether this action without Danger and harm can be done.

The linking of the processing stages of a spinning plant with or without operator intervention is largely on today the "machine level" - examples are already mentioned State of the art. The concatenation of the System by a conventional or further developed Combination of actuators / sensors / controls at machine level (i.e. without the process control computer) is preferred maintained, so without process control computer or in the event of failure of the process control computer the system, albeit with reduced Power that can be operated.

The process control computer

The individual machine controls, which become an autonomous Operation of the plant will be entirely sufficient according to this invention a process control computer overlays to a process control level to build. 19 shows a corresponding one Execution, which is a modification of the system according to FIG. 14 is executed.

19 shows schematically the connection of the process control computer with individual machines. The illustrated thereby However, principles also apply to the connection with further or with all machines of the overall system. Fig. 19 shows schematically a possible variant of the architecture for a process control with the host computer 340, the network 350, the computer 390 and the computer 410, which previously held together 14 have been described. Every computer 340,390 still has the memory assigned to it 343.345 or 391 and driver 347.349 (Fig. 14) or 393.394, (Fig. 14) 395,396 (Fig. 14), with certain elements in Fig. 19 are no longer shown since they can be seen from FIG. 14. This process control can be for the entire system or just for part of it (e.g. for the spinning room according to Fig. 9 or 17 are provided.

Additional drivers 412 and 416 determine the necessary ones Interfaces for communication between two additional computers 414 or 418 and the network 350. Both additional computers 414,418 are provided with drivers (not shown), which are the interfaces between the respective computers 414,418 and display and controls, only those with Display 420 and control 422 connected to computer 414 are shown are.

The computer 418 controls an air conditioning system which controls the hall air-conditioned, which is what the computer 390 and 410 controlled machines (among others). This facility has of course nothing to do with the processes to do directly, but has a decisive influence on the environment, in which these processes must be carried out and accordingly the results of these processes. The air conditioner is provided with a sensor system, which is schematic in FIG. 19 is represented by a sensor 424.

The computer 414 controls a data acquisition system, which the machine controlled by the computer 390 is attached. The data acquisition system comprises a sensor system which is shown in FIG. 19 is represented by sensors 426 and 428. The sensors of the acquisition system acquires measurement data about states in the machine controlled by computer 390, but delivers the corresponding Output signals (raw data) are not sent to the computer 390, but to the computer 414. This can (but must not) have a connection 430 to the computer 390 which is explained in more detail below, but provides the won Raw data nevertheless via the network 350 to the computer 340.

The process control computer 340 can now control commands via the Network 350 to computer 390 and / or to computer 414 send. When such control commands are received by computer 414 and affect the data collection system is not Communication over connection 430 necessary. If such Commands, however, must relate to the actuators of the machine itself it via the connection 430 to the machine control 390 are forwarded if they are received by the computer 414 become. This arrangement is not desirable because of the Process control computer 340 preferably directly with the computer 390 communicates. The arrangement is not from the invention excluded and could prove necessary, if the "cooperation" of the data acquisition system is necessary is to use the results obtained from its data in Convert control commands for the machine. This could e.g. the case where the data acquisition system (perhaps as retrofitting) provided by a supplier who does not deliver the machine itself or wherever also an autonomous operation of the system part 390 - 414 occurs, e.g. for the winder (390) and yarn cleaner (414) for the message "cut yarn".

Fig. 19 also shows another computer 432, which the Computer 390 is assigned. Computer 432 controls e.g. an operating device, which of the machines controlled by computer 390 is constantly assigned. The calculator 432 cannot directly, but only via the computer 390 with the process control computer 340 communicate. The computer 432 receives control commands from the computer 390 and otherwise works as an autonomous unit. It controls its own drives 434,436 and has its own sensors 438,440. Sensor 438 is used to monitor an operating state the autonomous unit (the control unit) provided - the sensor 440, however, monitors a state the machine controlled by computer 390. The raw data of the Accordingly, sensors 440 become continuous or intermittent forwarded to the computer 390.

A sensor 442 provided in the machine could be used Monitoring of a state of the autonomous unit is provided become. Its raw data would not have to be forwarded to the computer 432 but would be the control commands addressed to him influence.

The connection 444 between the computers 390 and 432 must do not exist continuously. A suitable connection between the control of a ring spinning machine and one of these attaching robots is in ours European Patent Application No. 394671. Computer 432 (like computers 390 and 414) can have its own Display or control elements are provided that but are not shown in FIG. 19.

Exceptional states (disconnect, switch off, failures):

As mentioned in the introduction, it is occasional important or desirable, a machine from the process control system disconnect. This is shown schematically in Fig. 19 by the "Switches" 446,448 which are not "free", but only under given ones Circumstances can be operated, which is schematic is indicated by the key 450. This representation only applies to the explanation of the principle - it is not necessary to disconnect from the network to the To effect decoupling. Uncoupling whatever is only allowed under controlled circumstances (by certain people).

A machine disconnected from the process control computer is subordinate full control of the operating personnel. It can then e.g. Maintenance work or attempts (regardless of guided system).

• an den Prozessleitrechner gemeldet werden,
• derart ausgeführt werden, dass die mit der abgekoppelten Maschine verketteten Maschine(n) weiterhin vom Prozessleitrechner geleitet werden können.

Uncoupling a machine must

• are reported to the process control computer,
• are carried out in such a way that the machine (s) linked to the uncoupled machine can continue to be directed by the process control computer.

A "decoupled" machine is preferably from the process control system not completely isolated - it continues to report their respective status information to this system, responds but no longer on their respective control commands Host computer. The "switch" works in a certain way Sense as a "diode" which only signals in one direction.

Communication works in the preferred embodiment between the machine control and the process control computer even after the "switch" has been pressed; the machine control has been changed so that it Control commands from the process control computer (after pressing the Switch) no longer passes to the actuators, but only Control commands entered via the control operation become.

It is definitely desirable that operator support is maintained by the process control computer, too for a machine that "decouples" from the process control system is. Of course this is not a problem if this support done via the machine's user interface and the communication between the machine control and the Process control computer even when the machine is disconnected from the Process control system is maintained. The machine control can then send commands from the process control computer to the user interface forward the machine actuators to to remove the uncoupling from the commands of the host computer isolate. In particular, it should be the process control computer be able to display via the operating support, that relinking the uncoupled machine is "desirable", e.g. because the production of this machine for Fulfillment of an urgent production order required is.

It is also occasionally necessary to use a machine Performing work on "switching off" e.g. to run certain maintenance work or when changing the range. In these cases, the operating support should continue be possible from the process control computer, even then, if this support via the user interface of the Machine is performed. Accordingly, it is preferred Switching means (e.g. in connection with the machine control provided) to the actuator system (or predetermined elements thereof) switch off without communication between the Process control computer and the user interface (or other Support funds).

Means can therefore be provided for a decoupled Continue operating the machine in various ways e.g. in "normal operation" (but without the function of the process control computer) or in "service mode". It could even various "keys" are provided to the machine set in one or the other operating state.

In all of these cases, the states of the machine are preferred still reported to the process control computer.

State image / safety states:

Every machine control as well as the process control computer saves an image of the respective controlled system part from. However, the process control computer has much more data edit as a machine control controlled by him. Since the processing (interpretation) of this information is a certain Takes time, cannot be assumed be that a control command from the process control computer current state of the controlled machine is adequately taken into account. This is particularly related to the security status important to the machine. The responsibility" for safety is therefore at the machine control level set.

The safety essentially depends on the movements of the machine parts from. These movements determine geometrically definable "Fields" or (three-dimensional) "rooms". It is therefore possible to take responsibility for a particular controller for a given security field or security room assign. This principle is explained below with reference to FIG. 20 explained in more detail, using two-dimensional fields as examples being represented.

20A shows the simplest example - the "security field" 550 of a machine 552 envelops the machine with one given distance, which is the maximum extent of movable machine parts (e.g. Dofferbalken 222,224, Fig. 16) is taken into account. Within this security field can all movable, subordinate to the machine control Elements move (e.g. also operating robots).

20B shows a somewhat more complicated variant, where "enclaves" 554 within the safety field 556 of a machine 558 are provided. Such "enclaves" represent the Safety fields of another controller or another Controls represent e.g. a movable, attached to the machine Sensor technology (see for example the article "Economic Process data acquisition with decentralized subsystems " by H. Howald, in Textil Praxis International from March 1983, page 230 ff), or one integrated in the machine separately controlled device (e.g. one Yarn cleaner in a winder - see e.g. WO 85/01073).

1) die "Sicherheitsverantwortung" für den Trolley wird an die Steuerung der Maschine "übertragen", wenn das neue Element in das entsprechende Feld eindringt.

2) die Maschinensteuerung gibt einem Bereich 564 ihres Sicherheitsfeldes 560 für das Eindringen des neuen Elementes frei, und die Sicherheitsverantworung für diesen Bereich wird somit von der Maschinensteuerung an die Steuerung des bewegbaren Elementes "abgetreten".

20C then shows a further complication, namely where a movable element (eg a transport trolley) occasionally has to "penetrate" into the safety field 560 of a machine 562. The following options can be provided:

1) the "safety responsibility" for the trolley is "transferred" to the control of the machine when the new element enters the corresponding field.

2) the machine control releases an area 564 of its safety field 560 for the intrusion of the new element, and the safety responsibility for this area is thus "relinquished" by the machine control to the control of the movable element.

Finally, Fig. 20D shows a variant where a machine 570 a "changeable" security field 572 is assigned, e.g. because this field corresponds to a movable extent 574 includes a mobile robot. A second element (e.g. a blower) has a security field 576, which is usually adjacent to field 572, but with an overlap comes about when the "extent" 574 of the field 572 changes threatens to enter the field 576. In this case, a "Dodge duty" for one or the other movable Element to be predetermined.

The function of the process control computer or the required data

The functions of a host computer should be compared to the Functions of a data acquisition system are delimited, whereby the master computer can also perform recording tasks. The data acquisition has the task of making a meaningful Generate overview. Possibilities are for example in Article "Process data acquisition in ring spinning - application and further processing of the process data from USTER RINGDATA shown on a practical example "by W. Schaufelberger. The article was published at the Reutlingen spinning mill colloquium presented on 2/3 December 1986.

The function of the host computer in the spinning mill depends on the task set by the user. This Function can e.g. consist of the basically autonomous operational system based on a predetermined strategy optimize. Another task can be the plant Operable over long periods without operator intervention maintain what is both dispositional as well Maintenance tasks included.

• die Betriebszustände der einzelnen Spinnstellen ("in Betrieb" / "stillgelegt" und eventuell der Grund für die Stilllegung); diese Informationen dienen der Kalkulation und Ueberwachung der Gesamtproduktion der Anlage während eines gegebenen Zeitintervalls,
• die "Qualität" des erzeugten Produktes der einzelnen Spinnstellen, d.h. für jede Spinnstelle Informationen darüber, ob das in dieser Spinnstelle produzierte Garn innerhalb vorgegebener Toleranzwerte liegt oder nicht ,
• die verschiedenen Garntypen, die an den einzelnen Spinnstellen produziert werden; dies dient der Hochrechnung und Ueberwachung der Fertigstellung gegebener Lose (Aufträge).

In order to manage a yarn-producing plant in this way, the host computer needs the following information, for example:

• the operating states of the individual spinning stations ("in operation" / "shutdown" and possibly the reason for the shutdown); this information is used to calculate and monitor the total production of the system during a given time interval,
• the "quality" of the product produced by the individual spinning stations, ie information for each spinning station as to whether or not the yarn produced in this spinning station lies within predetermined tolerance values,
• the different types of yarn produced at the individual spinning positions; this is used to extrapolate and monitor the completion of given lots (orders).

Nowadays there are no sensors or sensor combinations, that are capable of the yarn type of a running spinning station clearly to determine. This information needs therefore entered by the operator. Such attitudes are not covered here, but see e.g. our Swiss patent application No. 1374/91 dated May 7th 1991.

As already indicated in the previous chapter "Sensor technology" the spinning machines of the new spinning processes (rotor spinning, Nozzle spiders) mostly able to necessary information to the process control computer deliver, at least in the sense that the information is in of the machine itself. Today's ring spinning machine on the other hand is only capable of auxiliary units that to provide the necessary information, including quality information can be obtained from the thread cleaner of the winding machine must (see e.g. EP 365901). Our Swiss Patent application No. 697/91 dated March 7, 1991 shows one possibility the interaction of the automatic controls of the ring spinning machine and the yarn cleaner of the winder optimize that information inventory of the two machines be replaced.

The process control computer therefore preferably has its communication network or its communication networks Access to the raw data of the sensors in the system that are important to him or in the machines he controls. The raw data contain the full information of a particular (for that Process control system important) sensor, possibly prepared in such a way that misinterpretations are avoided. As Example is assumed the thread break sensor on a particular Spinning station signals a thread break - off this signal can only be concluded that the thread is broken if the spinning station (or the machine) is "in operation" is what is caused by another signal (or by further signals) must be taken into account in the signal processing.

Process control system / machine control

The invention is based on a clear "division of tasks" between the process control system (process control computer) and the machine controls.

It is the task of the process control system to "look ahead" to "schedule" (based on a "strategy" given to him) i.e. the process control system must identify trends or

Recognize trends in the process flow of the overall system and the Optimize individual target values with regard to the strategy. The process control system is required to fulfill these tasks (the process control computer) Information regarding the operating status for every job in the system. This places high demands on information transfer capabilities the network or networks between the machines and the calculator. The process control system must not continuously about the current status of the system be informed, but is facing delays in insensitive to data transmission, provided that this Delays show trends early enough that the process control system intervenes if necessary can.

In contrast, it is not the task of the process control system to control every last operation in the plant. This remains the task of the machine controls, each an image of the current states of the elements controlled by them and Must have saved aggregates. The process control computer has saved an image of the overall system that shows the current State of all relevant for the process control computer Data must represent and to determine changes in state is designed, with a maximum delay, depending on the fastest expected State changes is determined.

Accordingly, the process control computer has access to the Raw data from the system's sensors, but no direct data "Control Powers". The process control computer issues control commands in the sense of target values or target status changes (e.g. "early spinning off") to the machine control ab, but these commands only after processing by the own control program and taking into account the current depicted state of the elements controlled by it and Passes aggregates as control signals to the actuators.

Plausibility check

The machine control software must be that of the host computer Check received control commands for plausibility. This applies to all aspects of controllable processes, so that the machine control system receives an "authorization" can "question" a control command if this Command with the image stored in the machine control of the machine condition does not match. The software the machine control can e.g. be interpreted in such a way that she only follows such a control command if it is confirmed by input from the staff or if a machine condition permitting the intervention is reached.

A contradiction between a control command and the security state the machine (like this state in the memories of the machine control) must be on everyone Case lead to an alarm (even if the command "confirms" will) because this situation is provided in all Processes is excluded. The "occurrence" of the situation accordingly indicates a dangerous defect in the system.

Generating control commands:

• diejenige, die ohne Eingriff des Bedienungspersonals ausgeführt werden können, und
• diejenige, die nur durch über solche Eingriffe ausgeführt werden können.

There are basically two types of control commands

• those that can be carried out without operator intervention, and
• the one that can only be carried out through such interventions.

The effective options in a given case depend depends on the machine type and whether the machine's actuators is automatically controllable or not. In a modern one Ring spinning machine is at least the speed of a Main drive motor can be controlled automatically, the delay or the change of the runner type, however, only in exceptional cases or not at all.

If the machine settings can be controlled automatically, the host computer can transfer these settings to the machine controller (s) influence the setpoint values given and on adjust the environmental changes. If e.g. an analysis shows that the number of thread breaks in the start-up phase of the The realistically expected (empirically over time) determined values, the "speed curve" (Fig. 21) the machine can be adjusted to the number of thread breaks lower again in this phase. This curve defines the Setpoints for the speed of the main drive motor (or the individual spindle motors) via the cop assembly. (see e.g. CH 1374/91 - cf. DOS 4015638).

If, on the other hand, it is found on the winding machine that the Yarn hairiness of the set values is not sufficient (rotor change displayed) or that the thread number is even wrong (change in delay displayed), the host computer can Instruction via network 350 to the affected machine send this instruction on the control surface the machine must be displayed. If the adjustment of the Operating conditions is absolutely necessary, the host computer at the same time a warning call (e.g. after PCT patent application No. WO91 / 16481) to the appropriate personnel to the most suitable person on the need / type of required Draw attention to new hires (alarm system).

Under no circumstances can the process control computer go directly to the Intervene process workflows - this remains the Machine controls preserved. The influence of the host computer is an indirect influence via setpoints or operator support.

Bidirectional information exchange

It is desirable to have communication channels to and from that Limit the host computer to a minimum number. There are for such channels, strict requirements for those to be transmitted Signals to meet whatever predetermined interface configuration on the network or networks. (see e.g. the article "Data interfaces on textile machines. Interim report on the committee work of the VDI Textile and Clothing Group ", in Melliand Textile Reports, II / 1987, page 825). Meeting these requirements takes place preferably by signal conditioning in the Machine control or in an attached to the machine Terminal instead. The communication of a machine control with their actuators can be independent of these requirements can be achieved (if necessary) in different ways Way for the different actuator elements. We show by the examples mentioned in this application the variety of configurations by a process control computer can be directed. In an arrangement according to Fig. It would therefore be desirable, if possible, to communicate with the master computer either via the machine control or via computer 414 (but not both). This makes it possible to control the number of transmission means restrict in the plant. For an example of today Developments of network structures see "PROFIBUS system overview for planners and users "(Dr.G.Klose) in Chemical fibers / textile industry from September 1991 (page 1129 ff).

The communicative machine:

22 schematically shows a machine 580 with its own Control 582, which controls machine actuators 584 and messages (Signals, data) from the machine sensor system 586. This Control is in the form of a computer with suitable Programs (software). The machine is also with one so-called "communication board" 588 provided with the Controller 582 is coupled and has a connecting means, to couple the 588 board to the communication network should serve. Depending on the design of the network, the connection means can e.g. to connect with a coaxial cable or light guide or with a twisted Double wire are formed.

In the preferred embodiment, the network is called a bus executed and is carried out according to the so-called "polling procedure" (Time sharing) operated, after which the connected communication boards queried in sequence or supplied with data become.

The communication board 588 preferably comprises a memory, which acts as a buffer for the data supplied or the data to be sent. This buffer memory is preferably "oversized" compared to normal operation and can therefore accumulate data about a predetermined Save period longer than the one specified by the system Polling interval lasts. The communication board also has that aforementioned drivers (programs). The board issues data the memory to packets of data together over the network can be sent to the host computer.

The process control computer and the network are often (mostly) supplied and installed by a system supplier. There are then two ways to determine the Interface between the one supplied by the machine manufacturer Elements and the system. After the first option is the interface between the 588 communication board and controller 582. However, this can cause problems in the Adjust the board to the control.

According to the preferred variant, the communication board 588 and machine control by the machine manufacturer adapted to each other and prepared for connection to the system. To do this, it is necessary to contact the system supplier suitable protocol (transmission mode) and a common one "Object directory" to be agreed, the latter directory the information received of the signals defined. In order to the process control computer and the machine control are mutually exclusive able to communicate.

Claims (11)

1. Plant with a process control computer (340) for at least one group of machines (300; 310; 320; 330) in which each machine of the group is provided with its own control device (390; 432), which controls the actuation system of the machine including auxiliary aggregates possibly co-ordinated to this machine, and with a network (390) for the bi-directional communication between the computer (340) and each machine of the group, characterized in that
   control commands for influencing the working operations of the process during operation of the machine are transmitted from the process control computer (340) always via the machine control devices (340; 432), and that each machine control device (390, 432) transmits the control commands via signal transmitting means to the actuating system controlled by this control device, in which arrangement the control commands are transformed by the machine control device (340;432) into control signals suitable for the actuating system using a predetermined program.
2. Plant according to the claim 1, characterized in that the transmission of the control commands is effected directly from the process control computer (340) to the machine control devices (390).
3. Plant according to the claim 2, characterized in that the transmission to the actuating control device (432) is effected via a device (390) inserted into the circuit.
4. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the connecting circuit between the machine control device (390, 432) and the actuating device controlled by it is laid out independently of the communications network (350) between the machine control device (390, 432) and the process control computer (430).
5. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 4,
   characterized in that
   the machine is provided with a safety sensor arrangement, which for signal transmission is connected to the machine control device (390, 432) in such a manner that the machine control device (390, 432) is enabled to continually generate an image of the state of safety of the machine in which arrangement the machine control device (390, 432) is programmed in such a manner that that it carries out a control command transmitted from the process control computer only if, or only after, according to the safety status of the machine the current state proves suitable for carrying out the command.
6. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 5,
   characterized in that
   the plant is provided with a sensor arrangement (397), which ensures operability of the plant also without the process control data transmitted from the process control computer (340).
7. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 6,
   characterized in that
   for at least one control device (390) operating means (450) of a type are provided, which permit that this control device (390) can be re-set using the operating means, where the operating means comprise a selectively operable means (450), in such a manner that this control device (390) can be set to a first state or to a second state in which arrangement the control device in its first state reacts only to the operating means and in its second state reacts to the operating means as well as to guide signals transmitted from the process control computer (340).
8. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 7,
   characterized in that
   the process control computer (340) can access the raw data from the sensor arrangement (SENSOR) either directly or via the control device (390, 432).
9. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 8,
   characterized in that
   the process control computer (340) receives alarm signals from the machine control device (390, 432), and the machine control device (390, 432) receives pre-set values of the operating parameters from the process control computer (340) in such a manner that the control device (390, 432) can operate autonomously with respect to the process control computer (340) but based on the operating parameters determined by the process control computer (340).
10. Plant according to one of the claims 1 through 9,
    characterized in that
    said network (350) is just one of a plurality of such networks, each network connecting a group of machines co-ordinated to this network with the process control computer (340).
11. Plant according to the claim 6, characterized in that
    at least two machines (400) are interlinked in which arrangement each machine (400) is provided with its own control device (390, 432) and with a sensor arrangement (SENSOR), which is provided for supplying this control device (390, 432) with data representing states required for operation of the machine by the control device (390, 432), and that the sensor arrangement (397) is laid out in such a manner that it also supplies signals representing the states of the other machines in the chain and thus ensures the operation also without using the process control computer (340).

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