EP0500471A1 - Domestic cooking oven - Google Patents

Domestic cooking oven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0500471A1
EP0500471A1 EP19920400460 EP92400460A EP0500471A1 EP 0500471 A1 EP0500471 A1 EP 0500471A1 EP 19920400460 EP19920400460 EP 19920400460 EP 92400460 A EP92400460 A EP 92400460A EP 0500471 A1 EP0500471 A1 EP 0500471A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
muffle
fumes
box
cooking
vapors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19920400460
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sylvain Bickel
Gérard Klammers
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Scholtes Ste
Original Assignee
Scholtes Ste
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Publication date
Application filed by Scholtes Ste filed Critical Scholtes Ste
Publication of EP0500471A1 publication Critical patent/EP0500471A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2007—Removing cooking fumes from oven cavities
    • F24C15/2014—Removing cooking fumes from oven cavities with means for oxidation of cooking fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C14/00—Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous catalytic cleaning or electrostatic cleaning
    • F24C14/02—Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous catalytic cleaning or electrostatic cleaning pyrolytic type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to domestic cooking ovens or to cookers, in particular with a view to improving the destruction or at least the transformation of the vapors or fumes created inside the muffle of the oven during the cooking of food , in particular to achieve a more efficient and more complete oxidation of dangerous volatile compounds, in particular carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon products, present in these vapors or fumes, by means of a double catalysis action of the latter.
  • domestic ovens currently available on the market generally include, above or possibly below or on the side of the upper, lower or side walls of the muffle constituting the cavity of the oven receiving the food to be cooked, a free space where the fumes and vapors of the greases produced are collected, these then being discharged on the external sides of this space into the ambient environment or to an external discharge, through grids or suitable orifices provided in the external walls of the oven , under the effect of a drive air flow created by a fan or "tangential", delivering a purge air flow.
  • the catalyst used is usually constituted by a block or a pellet of a ceramic material, covered or impregnated with one or more precious metals, of the platinum, palladium, rhodium or other kind, which, in known manner, allow the transformation of carbon monoxide in carbon dioxide at a lower temperature, in particular at that where the fumes or vapors leave the muffle to enter the free recovery space located outside of it, with or without additional means for raising this temperature at the value necessary for the complete completion of the corresponding reaction.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an improvement made to electric cooking ovens for domestic uses, making it possible to reject to the outside only compounds which are almost completely oxidized or whose molecules have been completely cracked, thereby improving the performance of the oven in significant proportions.
  • the cooking oven in question comprising an external enclosure surrounding a muffle inside which the food is cooked, at the upper part of this muffle a grill resistor situated in a plane parallel to a bottom plate constituting the muffle's ceiling and having in particular a set of consecutive convolutions with parallel longitudinal parts joined from one to the next at their ends by connecting parts and, above the resistance, a box, preferably of form flattened, delimited between the bottom sheet and an upper sheet, or directly in the muffle, into which opens a duct for evacuating fumes and fumes of fats or other, produced by cooking in the muffle, these fumes or vapors being collected in the box after passing through narrow slots in the ceiling and placed opposite and in the immediate vicinity of the resistance e of the grill, the fumes or vapors, before being evacuated by the conduit, passing in contact with a catalysis block which has the form of a pellet, in particular cylindrical, extending transversely in the evacuation conduit, coaxial therewith, this patch being disposed near
  • the catalysis block consists, in itself known manner, of a ceramic material covered or impregnated with at least one precious metal.
  • this metal can be chosen by platinum, palladium, rhodium or others.
  • the catalysis block can have other shapes, for example rectangular, square or other.
  • the catalysis block has a plurality of passages, parallel to each other and preferably distributed around the axis of the exhaust duct, for the flow of fumes or vapors coming from the box towards the opposite end of the exhaust duct.
  • the evacuation duct opens opposite the box in a free space formed between the muffle and the external wall of the oven enclosure, communicating with a discharge volute of a fan on the one hand, and with smoke or vapor outlet orifices entrained by the air discharged by this fan into this free space.
  • the reference 1 designates the furnace considered taken as a whole, this furnace comprising in particular and in itself conventional manner in this kind of apparatus, an external enclosure 2 and, mounted inside this- ci, a muffle 3, inside which the food is cooked, in particular by means of electrical heating resistors (not shown), arranged for example in the sides of the muffle, generally between the latter and the internal wall from enclosure 2 or any other suitable location.
  • electrical heating resistors not shown
  • the furnace being able to be with conventional heating or more elaborate, in particular of the type known as fan heat.
  • the oven may comprise, in addition to the aforementioned heating means, a source of high frequency electrical radiation, for microwave heating.
  • the muffle 3 is closed in use from the oven by a front door 4, hinged in the corresponding face of the enclosure, this door being able to include a porthole 5 making it possible to see inside the muffle the cooking of the foods introduced into the internal region 6 delimited in this muffle.
  • the fumes or vapors produced during this cooking are extracted from the muffle through a discharge duct 7, putting the internal region 6 of the muffle into communication with a collector 8, formed between two substantially parallel sheets, 9 and 10 respectively, providing between them a free space 11 or into which opens the end of the conduit 7 opposite to that which ensures communication with the interior of the muffle.
  • the space 11 is itself joined by a connecting tube 12 with a fan 13, usually called a tangential, housed inside the enclosure 2 behind and above the muffle 3, this fan ensuring the supply of '' an air flow suitable for entraining the fumes and vapors collected in the space 11 by the duct 7 before discharging them outside the enclosure by an outlet orifice 14 provided in the front face of that -ci, above door 4, this orifice may include a protective grid (not shown).
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate in more detail the particular embodiment of the upper part of the muffle 3 and of the connecting duct 7 between this muffle and the free space 11 formed in the manifold 8.
  • the door 4 closing the muffle at the front thereof comprises a closing system 15 cooperating with a locking member 16, making it possible in particular to keep the door closed and in particular to avoid any untimely opening of the latter in the pyrolysis phase for cleaning the oven.
  • a closing system 15 cooperating with a locking member 16
  • the provisions of the present invention can be applied equally well for ovens which do not pyrolise residual fumes or grease, in which case the locking member 16 is no longer necessary.
  • the muffle 3 comprises an upper sheet 17 forming a ceiling and, attached and immobilized thereon a second sheet 18, delimiting with an intermediate plate 19 a flat box 20, thus provided in the ceiling of the muffle.
  • a high electrical resistance 21 called grill resistance and intended to ensure the surface cooking of food inside the muffle, when it is brought to red at a temperature of the order of 7 at 800 ° C.
  • this resistance is also used and if necessary for the pyrolysis of the oven when brought to this temperature, by performing in this case a cracking of the molecules of greases and other hydrocarbon products having soiled the walls of the oven, this combined use of the resistance 21 being already well known in the art.
  • the resistor 21 is generally formed of a continuous element having successive convolutions so as to be distributed as well as possible over the entire surface of the ceiling of the muffle, in particular in line with the flat box 20. It thus comprises longitudinal parts 22 extending in the muffle between the bottom thereof and the vicinity of the front door 4, these longitudinal parts being connected from one to the other at their ends by connecting parts 23 curved or straight, the resistor being connected by connecting members 24 to a source of electric current.
  • the box 20 comprises in the intermediate plate 19 a series of narrow slots 25, delimited if necessary by edges 26 which, indifferently, can be raised towards inside the box as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or on the contrary towards the inside of the block 3, as envisaged in the embodiment described in the aforementioned patent.
  • these slots 25 are arranged in the immediate vicinity and facing the longitudinal parts 22 of the resistor 21, so that the heat radiation from this resistor can preferably penetrate into the box 20 through these slots.
  • the latter is formed by means of a tube element 27, opening into the muffle at the bottom and in the sheet 10 in the upper part through flanges of the same diameter, 28 and 29, in particular through an appropriate layer 30 of an insulating material placed between the collector and the box.
  • the conduit 7 contains a catalysis block 31, preferably in the form of a pellet of an appropriate ceramic material, covered or impregnated with a precious metal of the usual type for such use, in particular platinum, palladium, rhodium or others, make it possible in particular to lower the temperature at which effective oxidation of certain volatile compounds of the fumes or vapors created in the muffle and escaping from it through the box 20 in which they are collected after passing through the slots 25 of the plate 19.
  • a catalysis block 31 preferably in the form of a pellet of an appropriate ceramic material, covered or impregnated with a precious metal of the usual type for such use, in particular platinum, palladium, rhodium or others, make it possible in particular to lower the temperature at which effective oxidation of certain volatile compounds of the fumes or vapors created in the muffle and escaping from it through the box 20 in which they are collected after passing through the slots 25 of the plate 19.
  • the tablet 31 is placed in the duct 7, the tube 27 advantageously having a constriction 32 against which the tablet bears. It also comprises axial passages 33, preferably regularly distributed around the axis of the duct.
  • the arrangements of the present invention allow, under these conditions, the fumes or vapors produced in the muffle 3, not only to penetrate inside the box 20 by licking the parts 22 of the grill resistance before passing through the narrow slots 25, thus being brought to a higher temperature, both in operation of the furnace and a fortiori in the pyrolysis phase, which improves their oxidation in a particularly notable manner.
  • these provisions make it possible to carry out, in contact with the catalysis block 31, a second intervention on these fumes and vapors, by completing their final oxidation on crossing this block, before they are collected in the collector 8 and discharged. out of it under the effect of the air flow produced by the fan 13.
  • the installation in the evacuation duct 7 of the catalysis block 31 has yet another advantage, this block being in these conditions as close as possible to the box 20 and in particular to the part or parts 22a of the resistor 21 located opposite the slots 25a uncovering the patch, so that the radiation emitted by the resistor can directly reach this patch by heating it, which allows the reactions created on contact with it to be carried out more quickly and more efficiently.

Abstract

Cooking oven or cooker, comprising an outer chamber (2) surrounding a muffle (3) inside which cooking of the foods takes place, at the upper part of this muffle a grill resistance element (21) located in a plane parallel to the bottom metal sheet (19) forming the ceiling of the muffle and having, in particular, an assembly of consecutive circumvolutions with parallel longitudinal parts (22) joined from one to the other at their ends by linking parts (23), and above the resistance element a box structure (20), preferably of flattened shape, delimited between the ceiling of the muffle and a metal sheet (18) or other element, preferably parallel to the latter or directly in the muffle, into which emerges a conduit (7) for discharge of the fumes and vapours from greases or the like produced by cooking in the muffle, these fumes or vapours being collected in the box structure after traversing narrow slots (25) provided in the ceiling and disposed opposite and in the immediate proximity of the grill resistance element. According to the invention, this cooking oven is characterised in that the fumes or vapours which have penetrated into the box structure pass in contact with a catalysis unit (31) before being discharged via the conduit outside the box structure. The invention thus makes it possible, after a first treatment of the fumes in contact with the grill resistance element, to perform an additional catalysis improving the oxidation of the volatile compounds produced. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un perfectionnement aux fours de cuisson domestiques ou à des cuisinières, notamment en vue d'améliorer la destruction ou au moins la transformation des vapeurs ou fumées créées à l'intérieur du moufle du four lors de la cuisson des aliments, en particulier pour réaliser une oxydation plus efficace et plus complète des composés volatils dangereux, notamment l'oxyde de carbone ou des produits hydrocarbonés, présents dans ces vapeurs ou fumées, au moyen d'une double action de catalyse de ces dernières.The present invention relates to an improvement to domestic cooking ovens or to cookers, in particular with a view to improving the destruction or at least the transformation of the vapors or fumes created inside the muffle of the oven during the cooking of food , in particular to achieve a more efficient and more complete oxidation of dangerous volatile compounds, in particular carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon products, present in these vapors or fumes, by means of a double catalysis action of the latter.

On sait que les fours domestiques actuellement disponibles sur le marché, comportent généralement, au-dessus ou éventuellement en dessous ou sur le côté des parois supérieure, inférieure ou latérales du moufle constituant la cavité du four recevant les aliments à cuire, un espace libre où se recueillent les fumées et les vapeurs des graisses produites, celles-ci étant ensuite rejetées sur les côtés extérieurs de cet espace dans l'environnement ambiant ou vers une évacuation extérieure, à travers des grilles ou des orifices appropriés prévus dans les parois extérieures du four, sous l'effet d'un débit d'air d'entraînement créé par un ventilateur ou "tangentiel", délivrant un débit d'air de balayage.We know that domestic ovens currently available on the market generally include, above or possibly below or on the side of the upper, lower or side walls of the muffle constituting the cavity of the oven receiving the food to be cooked, a free space where the fumes and vapors of the greases produced are collected, these then being discharged on the external sides of this space into the ambient environment or to an external discharge, through grids or suitable orifices provided in the external walls of the oven , under the effect of a drive air flow created by a fan or "tangential", delivering a purge air flow.

On sait également qu'il est banal dans la technique de construction de tels fours, de faire passer les vapeurs et fumées, en particulier des graisses présentes dans le moufle et aspirées par le débit d'air d'entraînement créé par le tangentiel dans l'espace de reprise de ces produits volatils, sur un catalyseur qui abaisse la température nécessaire pour obtenir leur oxydation, de telle sorte que les composés rejetés à l'extérieur du four soient sans danger pour les utilisateurs, l'oxyde de carbone particulièrement toxique, même à dose relativement faible étant transformé en gaz carbonique de même que la plupart des autres composés hydrocarbonés.We also know that it is commonplace in the construction technique of such ovens, to pass vapors and fumes, in particular greases present in the muffle and sucked in by the entrainment air flow created by the tangential in the space for taking up these volatile products on a catalyst which lowers the temperature necessary to obtain their oxidation, so that the compounds discharged outside the oven are harmless to users, particularly toxic carbon monoxide, even at a relatively low dose being transformed into carbon dioxide like most other hydrocarbon compounds.

Le catalyseur utilisé est habituellement constitué par un bloc ou une pastille d'un matériau céramique, recouvert ou imprégné d'un ou de plusieurs métaux précieux, du genre platine, palladium, rhodium ou autres, qui, de manière connue, permettent la transformation de l'oxyde de carbone en gaz carbonique à température plus faible, notamment à celle où les fumées ou vapeurs sortent du moufle pour pénétrer dans l'espace libre de reprise situé à l'extérieur de celui-ci, avec ou sans moyens complémentaires pour élever cette température à la valeur nécessaire à la réalisation complète de la réaction correspondante.The catalyst used is usually constituted by a block or a pellet of a ceramic material, covered or impregnated with one or more precious metals, of the platinum, palladium, rhodium or other kind, which, in known manner, allow the transformation of carbon monoxide in carbon dioxide at a lower temperature, in particular at that where the fumes or vapors leave the muffle to enter the free recovery space located outside of it, with or without additional means for raising this temperature at the value necessary for the complete completion of the corresponding reaction.

On connaît enfin, notamment par le FR-A-2.334.059 au nom de la Société demanderesse, un agencement de fours où le moufle de cuisson comporte à sa partie supérieure une forte résistance électrique, dite de grill, pour assurer la cuisson superficielle des aliments, et entre le plafond du moufle qui comporte une sortie des fumées recueillies et la résistance, un caisson plat, fixé de façon étanche contre le plafond, ce caisson présentant dans sa paroi en regard et au-dessus de la résistance de grill, des fentes étroites, disposées en regard de la résistance montée à proximité immédiate de ce caisson et suivant les circonvolutions de celle-ci. Dans ces conditions, les fumées ou vapeurs de graisses provenant de la cuisson des aliments qui se rassemblent à la partie supérieure du moufle, viennent lécher la résistance portée au rouge, qui les consume, c'est-à-dire réalise, par l'élévation de température correspondante leur oxydation efficace ou encore, dans le cas de molécules lourdes de produits hydrocarbonés, leur craquage. Les produits ainsi obtenus, après s'être recueillis dans l'espace libre au-dessus du moufle, peuvent alors être entraînés vers l'extérieur dans l'atmosphère entourant le four, grâce à l'air d'entraînement provenant du ventilateur, sans danger pour les utilisateurs.Finally, we know, in particular from FR-A-2,334,059 in the name of the Applicant Company, an arrangement of ovens in which the cooking muffle has at its upper part a high electrical resistance, called a grill resistance, for ensuring the surface cooking of food, and between the ceiling of the muffle which has an outlet for the collected fumes and the resistance, a flat box, tightly fixed against the ceiling, this box having in its facing wall and above the grill resistance, narrow slots, arranged opposite the resistance mounted in the immediate vicinity of this box and according to the convolutions of the latter. Under these conditions, the fumes or vapors of grease coming from the cooking of the food which collects at the upper part of the muffle, come to lick the resistance brought to the red, which consumes them, that is to say realizes, by corresponding temperature increase their efficient oxidation or, in the case of heavy molecules of hydrocarbon products, their cracking. The products thus obtained, after being collected in the free space above the muffle, can then be entrained towards the outside in the atmosphere surrounding the oven, thanks to the drive air coming from the fan, without danger to users.

Or, dans l'une et l'autre de ces solutions, on constate que si la destruction des produits volatils ou leur oxydation sont réalisées de manière acceptable au regard des normes existantes, subsiste encore dans le débit rejeté à l'extérieur une fraction de ces composés non parfaitement oxydés, qui sont donc encore présents dans l'air ambiant.However, in both of these solutions, it can be seen that if the destruction of the volatile products or their oxidation is carried out in an acceptable manner with regard to existing standards, a fraction of these compounds not perfectly oxidized, which are therefore still present in the ambient air.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un perfectionnement apporté aux fours de cuisson électrique pour usages domestiques, permettant de ne rejeter vers l'extérieur que des composés quasi totalement oxydés ou dont les molécules ont été entièrement craquées, en améliorant ainsi les performances du four dans des proportions significatives.The present invention therefore relates to an improvement made to electric cooking ovens for domestic uses, making it possible to reject to the outside only compounds which are almost completely oxidized or whose molecules have been completely cracked, thereby improving the performance of the oven in significant proportions.

A cet effet, le four de cuisson considéré, comportant une enceinte externe entourant un moufle à l'intérieur duquel est réalisée la cuisson des aliments, à la partie supérieure de ce moufle une résistance de grill située dans un plan parallèle à une tôle de fond constituant le plafond du moufle et présentant notamment un ensemble de circonvolutions consécutives avec des parties longitudinales parallèles réunies de l'une à la suivante à leurs extrémités par des parties de liaison et, au-dessus de la résistance, un caisson, de préférence de forme aplatie, délimité entre la tôle de fond et une tôle supérieure, ou directement dans le moufle, dans lequel débouche un conduit d'évacuation des fumées et vapeurs de graisses ou autres, produites par la cuisson dans le moufle, ces fumées ou vapeurs étant recueillies dans le caisson après traversée de fentes étroites ménagées dans le plafond et disposées en regard et à proximité immédiate de la résistance de grill, les fumées ou vapeurs, avant d'être évacuées par le conduit, passant au contact d'un bloc de catalyse qui présente la forme d'une pastille, notamment cylindrique, s'étendant transversalement dans le conduit d'évacuation, coaxialement à celui-ci, cette pastille étant disposée à proximité de l'extrémité du conduit qui débouche dans le caisson, caractérisé en ce que la tôle de fond présente au moins une fente à proximité d'une partie longitudinale de la résistance de grill, cette fente étant en regard direct du bloc de catalyse monté dans le conduit d'évacuation au-dessus du caisson, de telle sorte que cette résistance rayonne en direction du bloc ainsi porté plus efficacement à température appropriée.To this end, the cooking oven in question, comprising an external enclosure surrounding a muffle inside which the food is cooked, at the upper part of this muffle a grill resistor situated in a plane parallel to a bottom plate constituting the muffle's ceiling and having in particular a set of consecutive convolutions with parallel longitudinal parts joined from one to the next at their ends by connecting parts and, above the resistance, a box, preferably of form flattened, delimited between the bottom sheet and an upper sheet, or directly in the muffle, into which opens a duct for evacuating fumes and fumes of fats or other, produced by cooking in the muffle, these fumes or vapors being collected in the box after passing through narrow slots in the ceiling and placed opposite and in the immediate vicinity of the resistance e of the grill, the fumes or vapors, before being evacuated by the conduit, passing in contact with a catalysis block which has the form of a pellet, in particular cylindrical, extending transversely in the evacuation conduit, coaxial therewith, this patch being disposed near the end of the conduit which opens into the box, characterized in that the bottom sheet minus a slit near a longitudinal part of the grill resistor, this slit being directly opposite the catalytic block mounted in the evacuation duct above the box, so that this resistor radiates towards the block thus brought more efficiently to the appropriate temperature.

Avantageusement, le bloc de catalyse est constitué, de façon en elle-même connue, d'un matériau céramique recouvert ou imprégné d'au moins un métal précieux.Advantageously, the catalysis block consists, in itself known manner, of a ceramic material covered or impregnated with at least one precious metal.

Notamment, ce métal peut être choisi par le platine, le palladium, le rhodium ou autres.In particular, this metal can be chosen by platinum, palladium, rhodium or others.

Par ailleurs, le bloc de catalyse peut présenter d'autresformes, par exemple rectangulaire, carrée ou autre.Furthermore, the catalysis block can have other shapes, for example rectangular, square or other.

Selon une autre caractéristique du four de cuisson perfectionné selon l'invention, le bloc de catalyse comporte une pluralité de passages, parallèles entre eux et de préférence répartis autour de l'axe du conduit d'évacuation, pour l'écoulement des fumées ou vapeurs provenant du caisson en direction de l'extrémité opposée du conduit d'évacuation.According to another characteristic of the improved cooking oven according to the invention, the catalysis block has a plurality of passages, parallel to each other and preferably distributed around the axis of the exhaust duct, for the flow of fumes or vapors coming from the box towards the opposite end of the exhaust duct.

De préférence, le conduit d'évacuation débouche à l'opposé du caisson dans un espace libre ménagé entre le moufle et la paroi externe de l'enceinte du four, communiquant avec une volute de refoulement d'un ventilateur d'une part, et avec des orfices de sortie des fumées ou vapeurs entraînées par l'air refoulé par ce ventilateur dans cet espace libre.Preferably, the evacuation duct opens opposite the box in a free space formed between the muffle and the external wall of the oven enclosure, communicating with a discharge volute of a fan on the one hand, and with smoke or vapor outlet orifices entrained by the air discharged by this fan into this free space.

D'autres caractéristiques d'un four de cuisson domestique établi conformément à l'invention, apparaîtront encore à travers la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation, donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • - La Figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un four de cuisson domestique mettant en oeuvre les dispositions de l'invention.
  • - La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle de la partie supérieure du moufle du four, passant par l'axe du conduit d'évacuation des fumées et selon un plan perpendiculaire à la porte avant du four fermant le moufle.
  • - La Figure 3 est une autre vue en coupe de la partie supérieure du moufle par un plan perpendiculaire à celui de la Figure 2.
Other characteristics of a domestic cooking oven established in accordance with the invention will become more apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a domestic cooking oven implementing the provisions of the invention.
  • - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the upper part of the oven muffle, passing through the axis of the smoke evacuation duct and along a plane perpendicular to the front door of the oven closing the muffle.
  • - Figure 3 is another sectional view of the upper part of the block by a plane perpendicular to that of Figure 2.

Sur la Figure 1, la référence 1 désigne le four considéré pris dans son ensemble, ce four comportant notamment et de façon en elle-même classique dans ce genre d'appareil, une enceinte externe 2 et, monté à l'intérieur de celle-ci, un moufle 3, à l'intérieur duquel s'effectue la cuisson des aliments, notamment au moyen de résistances électriques de chauffage (non représentées), disposées par exemple dans les côtés du moufle, généralement entre celui-ci et la paroi interne de l'enceinte 2 ou en tout autre endroit approprié. La nature, la disposition et le mode de commande de ces résistances chauffantes sont indifférents à l'invention, le four pouvant être à chauffage conventionnel ou plus élaboré, notamment du genre dit à chaleur tournante. De même, le four peut comporter, en complément des moyens de chauffage précités, une source de rayonnements électriques à haute fréquence, pour un chauffage à micro-ondes.In FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates the furnace considered taken as a whole, this furnace comprising in particular and in itself conventional manner in this kind of apparatus, an external enclosure 2 and, mounted inside this- ci, a muffle 3, inside which the food is cooked, in particular by means of electrical heating resistors (not shown), arranged for example in the sides of the muffle, generally between the latter and the internal wall from enclosure 2 or any other suitable location. The nature, the arrangement and the mode of control of these heating resistors are indifferent to the invention, the furnace being able to be with conventional heating or more elaborate, in particular of the type known as fan heat. Likewise, the oven may comprise, in addition to the aforementioned heating means, a source of high frequency electrical radiation, for microwave heating.

Le moufle 3 est fermé en utilisation du four par une porte avant 4, articulée dans la face correspondante de l'enceinte, cette porte pouvant comporter un hublot 5 permettant de voir à l'intérieur du moufle la cuisson des aliments introduits dans la région interne 6 délimitée dans ce moufle.The muffle 3 is closed in use from the oven by a front door 4, hinged in the corresponding face of the enclosure, this door being able to include a porthole 5 making it possible to see inside the muffle the cooking of the foods introduced into the internal region 6 delimited in this muffle.

Les fumées ou vapeurs produites au cours de cette cuisson sont extraites du moufle à travers un conduit d'évacuation 7, mettant en communication la région interne 6 du moufle avec un collecteur 8, formé entre deux tôles sensiblement parallèles, respectivement 9 et 10, ménageant entre elles un espace libre 11 ou dans lequel débouche l'extrémité du conduit 7 opposée à celle qui assure la communication avec l'intérieur du moufle. L'espace 11 est lui-même réuni par une tubulure de liaison 12 avec un ventilateur 13, usuellement appelé un tangentiel, logé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 2 derrière et au-dessus du moufle 3, ce ventilateur assurant la fourniture d'un débit d'air approprié pour l'entraînement des fumées et vapeurs recueillies dans l'espace 11 par le conduit 7 avant de les rejeter à l'extérieur de l'enceinte par un orifice de sortie 14 prévu dans la face avant de celle-ci, au-dessus de la porte 4, cet orifice pouvant comporter une grille de protection (non représentée).The fumes or vapors produced during this cooking are extracted from the muffle through a discharge duct 7, putting the internal region 6 of the muffle into communication with a collector 8, formed between two substantially parallel sheets, 9 and 10 respectively, providing between them a free space 11 or into which opens the end of the conduit 7 opposite to that which ensures communication with the interior of the muffle. The space 11 is itself joined by a connecting tube 12 with a fan 13, usually called a tangential, housed inside the enclosure 2 behind and above the muffle 3, this fan ensuring the supply of '' an air flow suitable for entraining the fumes and vapors collected in the space 11 by the duct 7 before discharging them outside the enclosure by an outlet orifice 14 provided in the front face of that -ci, above door 4, this orifice may include a protective grid (not shown).

Les Figures 2 et 3 illustrent avec plus de détails la réalisation particulière de la partie supérieure du moufle 3 et du conduit de liaison 7 entre ce moufle et l'espace libre 11 ménagé dans le collecteur 8.FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate in more detail the particular embodiment of the upper part of the muffle 3 and of the connecting duct 7 between this muffle and the free space 11 formed in the manifold 8.

Comme représenté schématiquement sur la Figure 2, la porte 4 fermant le moufle à l'avant de celui-ci comporte un système de fermeture 15 coopérant avec un organe de verrouillage 16, permettant notamment de maintenir la porte fermée et en particulier d'éviter toute ouverture intempestive de cette dernière en phase de pyrolise pour le nettoyage du four. A noter toutefois que les dispositions de la présente invention peuvent s'appliquer aussi bien pour des fours ne réalisant pas la pyrolise des fumées ou graisses résiduelles, auquel cas l'organe de verrouillage 16 n'est plus nécessaire.As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, the door 4 closing the muffle at the front thereof comprises a closing system 15 cooperating with a locking member 16, making it possible in particular to keep the door closed and in particular to avoid any untimely opening of the latter in the pyrolysis phase for cleaning the oven. Note, however, that the provisions of the present invention can be applied equally well for ovens which do not pyrolise residual fumes or grease, in which case the locking member 16 is no longer necessary.

Le moufle 3 comporte une tôle supérieure 17 formant plafond et, rapportée et immobilisée sur celle-ci une seconde tôle 18, délimitant avec une plaque intermédiaire 19 un caisson plat 20, ainsi prévu dans le plafond du moufle. Juste sous ce caisson est par ailleurs montée une forte résistance électrique 21, dite résistance de grill et destinée à assurer la cuisson superficielle des aliments à l'intérieur du moufle, lorsqu'elle est porté au rouge à une température de l'ordre de 7 à 800° C. A noter que cette résistance sert également et le cas échéant à la pyrolise du four lorsqu'elle est portée à cette température, en réalisant dans ce cas un craquage des molécules des graisses et autres produits hydrocarbonés ayant sali les parois du four, cette utilisation combinée de la résistance 21 étant déjà bien connue dans la technique.The muffle 3 comprises an upper sheet 17 forming a ceiling and, attached and immobilized thereon a second sheet 18, delimiting with an intermediate plate 19 a flat box 20, thus provided in the ceiling of the muffle. Just under this box is also mounted a high electrical resistance 21, called grill resistance and intended to ensure the surface cooking of food inside the muffle, when it is brought to red at a temperature of the order of 7 at 800 ° C. Note that this resistance is also used and if necessary for the pyrolysis of the oven when brought to this temperature, by performing in this case a cracking of the molecules of greases and other hydrocarbon products having soiled the walls of the oven, this combined use of the resistance 21 being already well known in the art.

La résistance 21 est généralement formée d'un élément continu présentant des circonvolutions successives de façon à se répartir au mieux sur toute la surface du plafond du moufle, notamment au droit du caisson plat 20. Elle comporte ainsi des parties longitudinales 22 s'étendant dans le moufle entre le fond de celui-ci et le voisinage de la porte avant 4, ces parties longitudinales étant raccordées de l'une à l'autre à leurs extrémités par des parties de liaison 23 courbes ou droites, la résistance étant raccordée par des organes de connexion 24 à une source de courant électrique.The resistor 21 is generally formed of a continuous element having successive convolutions so as to be distributed as well as possible over the entire surface of the ceiling of the muffle, in particular in line with the flat box 20. It thus comprises longitudinal parts 22 extending in the muffle between the bottom thereof and the vicinity of the front door 4, these longitudinal parts being connected from one to the other at their ends by connecting parts 23 curved or straight, the resistor being connected by connecting members 24 to a source of electric current.

De préférence et comme déjà décrit dans le brevet français FR-A-2.334.059, le caisson 20 comporte dans la plaque intermédiaire 19 une série de fentes étroites 25, délimitées le cas échéant par des bords 26 qui, indifféremment, peuvent être relevés vers l'intérieur du caisson comme représenté sur les Figures 2 et 3, ou au contraire vers l'intérieur du moufle 3, comme envisagé dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit au brevet précité. En outre, ces fentes 25 sont disposées au voisinage immédiat et en regard des parties longitudinales 22 de la résistance 21, de telle sorte que le rayonnement calorifique issu de cette résistance puisse préférentiellement pénétrer dans le caisson 20 à travers ces fentes.Preferably and as already described in French patent FR-A-2,334,059, the box 20 comprises in the intermediate plate 19 a series of narrow slots 25, delimited if necessary by edges 26 which, indifferently, can be raised towards inside the box as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or on the contrary towards the inside of the block 3, as envisaged in the embodiment described in the aforementioned patent. In addition, these slots 25 are arranged in the immediate vicinity and facing the longitudinal parts 22 of the resistor 21, so that the heat radiation from this resistor can preferably penetrate into the box 20 through these slots.

L'espace libre 11 aménagé entre les tôles 9 et 10 du collecteur 8 et la région interne du caisson 20 communiquent par le conduit 7. Celui-ci est constitué au moyen d'un élément de tube 27, débouchant dans le moufle en partie inférieure et dans la tôle 10 en partie supérieure à travers des collerettes de même diamètre, 28 et 29, en traversant notamment une couche appropriée 30 d'un matériau isolant placé entre le collecteur et le caisson.The free space 11 arranged between the sheets 9 and 10 of the manifold 8 and the internal region of the box 20 communicate via the conduit 7. The latter is formed by means of a tube element 27, opening into the muffle at the bottom and in the sheet 10 in the upper part through flanges of the same diameter, 28 and 29, in particular through an appropriate layer 30 of an insulating material placed between the collector and the box.

Conformément à l'invention, le conduit 7 contient un bloc de catalyse 31, se présentant de préférence sous la forme d'une pastille d'un matériau céramique approprié, recouvert ou imprégné d'un métal précieux du genre habituel pour une telle utilisation, notamment du platine, du palladium, du rhodium ou autres, permettent en particulier d'abaisser la température à laquelle peut être réalisée une oxydation efficace de certains composés volatils des fumées ou vapeurs créées dans le moufle et s'échappant de celui-ci à travers le caisson 20 dans lequel elles se sont recueillies après passage dans les fentes 25 de la plaque 19.In accordance with the invention, the conduit 7 contains a catalysis block 31, preferably in the form of a pellet of an appropriate ceramic material, covered or impregnated with a precious metal of the usual type for such use, in particular platinum, palladium, rhodium or others, make it possible in particular to lower the temperature at which effective oxidation of certain volatile compounds of the fumes or vapors created in the muffle and escaping from it through the box 20 in which they are collected after passing through the slots 25 of the plate 19.

La pastille 31 est placée dans le conduit 7, le tube 27 présentant avantageusement un rétreint 32 contre lequel s'appuie la pastille. Celle-ci comporte par ailleurs des passages axiaux 33, de préférence régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe du conduit.The tablet 31 is placed in the duct 7, the tube 27 advantageously having a constriction 32 against which the tablet bears. It also comprises axial passages 33, preferably regularly distributed around the axis of the duct.

Les dispositions de la présente invention permettent dans ces conditions aux fumées ou vapeurs produites dans le moufle 3, non seulement de pénétrer à l'intérieur du caisson 20 en venant lécher les parties 22 de la résistance de grill avant de traverser les fentes étroites 25, en étant ainsi portées à une température plus élevée, tant en fonctionnement du four qu'a fortiori en phase de pyrolise, qui améliore de façon particulièrement notable leur oxydation. En outre, ces dispositions permettent de réaliser au contact du bloc de catalyse 31, une seconde intervention sur ces fumées et vapeurs, en parachevant leur oxydation définitive à la traversée de ce bloc, avant qu'elles ne soient recueillies dans le collecteur 8 et évacuées hors de celui-ci sous l'effet du débit d'air produit par le ventilateur 13.The arrangements of the present invention allow, under these conditions, the fumes or vapors produced in the muffle 3, not only to penetrate inside the box 20 by licking the parts 22 of the grill resistance before passing through the narrow slots 25, thus being brought to a higher temperature, both in operation of the furnace and a fortiori in the pyrolysis phase, which improves their oxidation in a particularly notable manner. In addition, these provisions make it possible to carry out, in contact with the catalysis block 31, a second intervention on these fumes and vapors, by completing their final oxidation on crossing this block, before they are collected in the collector 8 and discharged. out of it under the effect of the air flow produced by the fan 13.

A noter que la mise en place dans le conduit d'évacuation 7 du bloc de catalyse 31 présente encore un autre avantage, ce bloc se trouvant dans ces conditions au plus près du caisson 20 et notamment de la ou des parties 22a de la résistance 21 situées en regard des fentes 25a découvrant la pastille, de telle sorte que le rayonnement émis par la résistance puisse atteindre directement cette pastille en la réchauffant, ce qui permet aux réactions créées à son contact de s'effectuer plus rapidement et plus efficacement.Note that the installation in the evacuation duct 7 of the catalysis block 31 has yet another advantage, this block being in these conditions as close as possible to the box 20 and in particular to the part or parts 22a of the resistor 21 located opposite the slots 25a uncovering the patch, so that the radiation emitted by the resistor can directly reach this patch by heating it, which allows the reactions created on contact with it to be carried out more quickly and more efficiently.

Bien entendu, il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple de réalisation plus spécialement décrit et représenté ci-dessus ; elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. En particulier, on pourrait prévoir de donner au caisson une forme différente, non nécessairement aplatie, selon le profil du moufle ou des éléments qu'il incorpore. De même, il doit être considéré que l'invention s'applique aussi bien à des fours domestiques qu'à des cuisinières.Of course, it goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiment more specifically described and shown above; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants. In particular, provision could be made to give the box a different shape, not necessarily flattened, depending on the profile of the muffle or of the elements which it incorporates. Likewise, it should be considered that the invention applies to both domestic ovens and cookers.

Claims (4)

1 - Four de cuisson, comportant une enceinte externe (2) entourant un moufle (3) à l'intérieur duquel est réalisée la cuisson des aliments, à la partie supérieure de ce moufle une résistance de grill (21) située dans un plan parallèle à une tôle de fond (19) constituant le plafond du moufle et présentant notamment un ensemble de circonvolutions consécutives avec des parties longitudinales parallèles (22) réunies de l'une à la suivante à leurs extrémités par des parties de liaison (23) et, au-dessus de la résistance, un caisson (20), de préférence de forme aplatie, délimité entre la tôle de fond (19) et une tôle supérieure (18), ou directement dans le moufle, dans lequel débouche un conduit d'évacuation (7) des fumées et vapeurs de graisses ou autres, produites par la cuisson dans le moufle, ces fumées ou vapeurs étant recueillies dans le caisson après traversée de fentes étroites (25) ménagées dans le plafond (19) et disposées en regard et à proximité immédiate de la résistance de grill (21), les fumées ou vapeurs, avant d'être évacuées par le conduit, passant au contact d'un bloc de catalyse (31) qui présente la forme d'une pastille, notamment cylindrique, s'étendant transversalement dans le conduit d'évacuation, coaxialement à celui-ci, cette pastille étant disposée à proximité de l'extrémité du conduit (7) qui débouche dans le caisson (20), caractérisé en ce que la tôle de fond (19) présente au moins une fente (25a) à proximité d'une partie longitudinale de la résistance de grill, cette fente (25a) étant en regard direct du bloc de catalyse (31) monté dans le conduit d'évacuation (7) au-dessus du caisson.1 - Cooking oven, comprising an external enclosure (2) surrounding a muffle (3) inside which the food is cooked, at the upper part of this muffle a grill resistor (21) situated in a parallel plane to a bottom plate (19) constituting the ceiling of the block and having in particular a set of consecutive convolutions with parallel longitudinal parts (22) joined from one to the next at their ends by connecting parts (23) and, above the resistance, a box (20), preferably of flattened shape, delimited between the bottom sheet (19) and an upper sheet (18), or directly in the block, into which opens a discharge duct (7) fumes and vapors from fats or the like produced by cooking in the muffle, these fumes or vapors being collected in the box after passing through narrow slots (25) formed in the ceiling (19) and arranged in manhole and in the immediate vicinity of the grill resistance (21), the fumes or vapors, before being evacuated by the conduit, passing in contact with a catalysis block (31) which has the form of a pellet, in particular cylindrical, extending transversely in the evacuation duct, coaxial therewith, this pellet being disposed near the end of the duct (7) which opens into the box (20), characterized in that the sheet of bottom (19) has at least one slot (25a) near a longitudinal part of the grill resistor, this slot (25a) being directly opposite the catalytic block (31) mounted in the evacuation duct (7 ) above the cabinet. 2 - Four de cuisson selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bloc de catalyse (31) est constitué, de façon en elle-même connue, d'un matériau céramique recouvert ou imprégné d'au moins un métal précieux, tel que le platine, le palladium, le rhodium ou analogues.2 - Cooking oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalysis block (31) consists, in itself known, of a ceramic material covered or impregnated with at least one precious metal, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium or the like. 3 - Four de cuisson selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le bloc de catalyse (31) comporte une pluralité de passages (33), parallèles entre eux et de préférence répartis autour de l'axe du conduit d'évacuation (7), pour l'écoulement des fumées ou vapeurs provenant du caisson plat (20) en direction de l'extrémité opposée de ce conduit.3 - Cooking oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the catalysis block (31) has a plurality of passages (33), mutually parallel and preferably distributed around the axis of the duct d 'evacuation (7), for the flow of fumes or vapors from the flat box (20) towards the opposite end of this conduit. 4 - Four de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'évacuation (7) débouche à l'opposé du caisson (20) dans un espace libre (11) ménagé entre le moufle et la paroi externe de l'enceinte du four (2), communiquant avec une volute de refoulement (12) d'un ventilateur (13) d'une part, et avec des orfices de sortie (14) des fumées ou vapeurs entraînées par l'air refoulé par ce ventilateur dans cet espace libre.4 - Cooking oven according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the discharge duct (7) opens opposite the box (20) in a free space (11) formed between the muffle and the external wall of the oven enclosure (2), communicating with a discharge volute (12) of a fan (13) on the one hand, and with outlet orifices (14) of the fumes or vapors entrained by the air discharged by this fan in this free space.
EP19920400460 1991-02-21 1992-02-21 Domestic cooking oven Withdrawn EP0500471A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9102087A FR2673267A1 (en) 1991-02-21 1991-02-21 DOMESTIC COOKING OVEN.
FR9102087 1991-02-21

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2714959A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Scholtes Ets Eugen Domestic cooking oven.
FR2724832A1 (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-29 Seb Sa Electric or gas cooker with odour suppressing catalyst
EP0831277A1 (en) 1996-09-20 1998-03-25 Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH Baking oven with a catalyst
EP1400758A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-24 CANDY S.p.A. Heating unit for a cooking oven
CN103765109A (en) * 2012-06-12 2014-04-30 李永熙 Oven having pyrolysis function

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1513631A (en) * 1966-01-20 1968-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Self-cleaning baking ovens
US3428435A (en) * 1964-09-15 1969-02-18 Gen Electric Self-sustaining catalytic oxidation unit
US3785778A (en) * 1971-03-23 1974-01-15 Smokontrol Corp Smoke eliminating device
US4163894A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-08-07 Chambers Corporation Oven having a diluting ventilation system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3428435A (en) * 1964-09-15 1969-02-18 Gen Electric Self-sustaining catalytic oxidation unit
FR1513631A (en) * 1966-01-20 1968-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Self-cleaning baking ovens
US3785778A (en) * 1971-03-23 1974-01-15 Smokontrol Corp Smoke eliminating device
US4163894A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-08-07 Chambers Corporation Oven having a diluting ventilation system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2714959A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Scholtes Ets Eugen Domestic cooking oven.
EP0663568A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-19 Société SCHOLTES Domestic cooking oven
FR2724832A1 (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-29 Seb Sa Electric or gas cooker with odour suppressing catalyst
EP0831277A1 (en) 1996-09-20 1998-03-25 Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH Baking oven with a catalyst
EP0831277B1 (en) * 1996-09-20 2003-11-19 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Baking oven with a catalyst
EP1400758A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-24 CANDY S.p.A. Heating unit for a cooking oven
CN103765109A (en) * 2012-06-12 2014-04-30 李永熙 Oven having pyrolysis function
CN103765109B (en) * 2012-06-12 2016-05-11 李永熙 There is the electric oven of pyrolysis function

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