EP0487483B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entwässerung einer Papierbahn durch Pressen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entwässerung einer Papierbahn durch Pressen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487483B1
EP0487483B1 EP91850291A EP91850291A EP0487483B1 EP 0487483 B1 EP0487483 B1 EP 0487483B1 EP 91850291 A EP91850291 A EP 91850291A EP 91850291 A EP91850291 A EP 91850291A EP 0487483 B1 EP0487483 B1 EP 0487483B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
web
fabric
nip
roll
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EP91850291A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0487483A1 (de
Inventor
Juhani Pajula
Martti Hirsimäki
Juha Kivimaa
Pekka Taskinen
Jorma Laapotti
Mikko Karvinen
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Valmet Oy
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Valmet Oy
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Priority to EP96120948A priority Critical patent/EP0770727B1/de
Publication of EP0487483A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487483A1/de
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Publication of EP0487483B1 publication Critical patent/EP0487483B1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
    • D21F3/0218—Shoe presses
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
    • D21F3/045—Arrangements thereof including at least one extended press nip

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for dewatering a paper or board web according to the preamble of claim 1, which is based on DE-A-3 515 575, and a paper making machine according to the preamble of claim 10, which is also based on DE-A-3 515 575.
  • the structure of paper in particular of printing paper, must also be symmetric.
  • the good printing properties required from printing paper mean good smoothness, evenness and certain absorption properties at both faces.
  • the properties of paper, in particular the symmetry of density, are affected considerably by the operation of the press section in a paper machine, which has also a decisive significance for the evenness of the transverse profiles and longitudinal profiles of the paper.
  • Dewatering by means of pressing is energy-economically preferable to dewatering by evaporation. This is why attempts should be made to remove a maximum proportion of water out of a paper web by pressing in order that the proportion of water that must be removed by evaporation could be made as low as possible.
  • the increased running speeds of paper machines provide new, so far unsolved problems expressly in the dewatering taking place by pressing, because the press impulse cannot be increased sufficiently by the means known in prior art, above all because, at high speeds, the nip times remain unduly short and, on the other hand, the peak pressure of compression cannot be increased beyond a certain limit without destruction of the structure of the web.
  • the property profiles of the paper that is produced in the machine direction are also affected significantly by oscillations of the press section, the transverse variations of properties by the transverse profiles of the nip pressures in the press nips, and with increasing running speeds of the machine these profile problems tend to be increased remarkably.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide novel solutions for the problems discussed above so that the above drawbacks in prior art and the drawbacks that will come out later are substantially avoided.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for dewatering of a paper web by pressing at high speeds, in particular at speeds of about 25...40 m/s, so that the adjustability of the press section is versatile, the properties of quality of the web produced can be kept high, and the web is not subjected to excessive dynamic forces that produce breaks.
  • one of the aims is that the overall construction of the press section, in particular its frame construction, should be such that the replacement of press rolls and press fabrics can be accomplished quickly so as to minimize the standstill times.
  • the paper web is not passed through the press section on one press fabric, but, to guarantee an adequate dewatering capacity, an arrangement of fabrics is employed in which the web is transferred from the pick-up point on the first upper fabric through the first press zone, preferably an extended-nip zone, through which zone the first lower fabric runs, onto which the web is transferred after said nip zone, and from said first lower fabric the web is transferred onto the second upper fabric, which carries the web into the second nip zone, which consists of a roll nip or preferably of an extended-nip zone, after which the web is transferred onto the second lower fabric, which runs through said nip zone and carries the web on its upper face as a closed draw onto the drying wire or into the next nip zone.
  • the most important objective achieved by means of the invention is a satisfactory running quality of the paper machine even at speeds as high as about 30...40 m/s. This has been achieved because of a "linear" draw of the web and of a nip arrangement that provides sufficiently long nip times.
  • the closed draw in accordance with the invention has been accomplished so that one and the same fabric does not carry the web through the whole press zone, but in at least two subsequent press zones two pairs of press fabrics are employed, the web being transferred onto the first upper fabric at the pick-up point, and after the first nip zone the web is transferred from the first lower fabric onto the second upper fabric, and after the second nip zone on the second lower fabric onto the drying wire or into the next nip zone, whose lower fabric carries the web onto the drying wire as a closed draw.
  • the method and the paper making machine in accordance with the invention are intended for use above all with thin paper qualities, whose grammage is lower than 120 g/m 2 and with which a closed draw of the web is indispensable at the high web speeds meant in the invention.
  • the invention also achieves a sufficiently cautious and gentle start of the dewatering, which is important because at high speeds the water contents in the web after the former also tend to be higher.
  • said "Sym-Belt Press” provides several advantages of synergism, of which should be mentioned that said press produces practically no oscillations at all, for which reason it is well suitable also for very high speeds, said press permits keeping of the nip loads at a sufficiently low level in particular in the initial part of the press section and makes it possible to keep the nip times at a reasonable level even at very high speeds (30...40 m/s).
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of two press fabrics and their joint operation so that the web is transferred from the pick-up point onto the first upper fabric, after the first nip zone onto the first lower fabric, from the first lower fabric by means of a transfer-suction roll or equivalent onto the second upper fabric, and on it further after the second nip zone onto the second lower fabric, on which the web is transferred as a closed draw onto the drying wire or into the next press zone, in whose connection there is a pair of press and transfer fabrics similar to those described above.
  • said "Sym-Belt Press” provides entirely novel possibilities to control and to regulate the distribution of the nip pressures in the extended-nip zone both in the machine direction and in the transverse direction. Further advantages include low power consumption, elimination of difficulties of oil treatment, reduced wear of the mantle of the hose roll, and reasonable dry solids content of the web even at high speeds (30...40 m/s).
  • US Patent No. 4,584,059 as well as to the applicant's FI Patent No. 66,932 and FI Patent Applications Nos. 892517 and 892518.
  • Figure 2 shows such a variation of a press section as shown in Fig. 1 in which, in the second "Sym-Belt" extended nip, a lower press and transfer fabric is also employed, which contributes to the formation of the closed draw to the drying section, embodiment which does not fall within the scope of the appended claims.
  • Figure 3 shows a press section in which two subsequent "Sym-Belt" extended nips are employed which operate in opposite directions, as compared with one another, embodiment which does not fall within the scope of the appended claims.
  • Figure 4 shows a press section in which the first nip is a "Sym-Belt" extended nip and the second nip a two-fabric roll nip, embodiment which does not fall within the scope of the appended claims.
  • Figure 5 shows a press section that has a high dewatering capacity and in which three subsequent press nips are employed, of which the first and the last nip are roll nips and the middle nip is a "Sym-Belt" extended nip, embodiment which does not fall within the scope of the appended claims.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the invention that is intended for particularly high speeds and in which the first nip operates as a so-called wire press, which is followed by an extended nip, and the last nip is a roll nip.
  • Figure 6A shows an alternative embodiment of a wire press.
  • Figure 6B shows a second alternative embodiment of a wire press.
  • Figure 6C shows a third alternative embodiment of a wire press.
  • Figure 7 is an axonometric, partly sectional view of a hose roll of a "Sym-Belt Press" applicable in the invention.
  • Figure 8 is an axonometric view of a press shoe that can be loaded and profiled in a versatile way and that is fitted inside the hose roll and employed in a press as shown in Fig. 7.
  • Figure 9 shows an alternative construction that accomplishes an extended nip and that is provided with a closed glide belt loop.
  • the press section comprises a first upper fabric 20 that receives water, onto which fabric the web W is transferred on the suction zone 21a of the pick-up roll 21 at the pick-up point P from the forming wire 10, whose return run starts from the wire drive roll 12.
  • the press has two subsequent press nips, which remove water from the web W efficiently and between which the web W has a fully closed draw so that it is constantly supported by a fabric.
  • both nips NP 1 and NP 2 are so-called extended nips, whose press zone is substantially longer than that in a normal sharp roll nip.
  • the more detailed embodiments of the extended nips will be returned to later, mainly in connection with the descriptions related to Figs. 7, 8 and 9.
  • the first nip NP 1 is an extended nip
  • the second nip a sharp roll nip N 2 formed between hollow-faced rolls.
  • all the nips may be provided with two press fabrics that receive water, so that the water is removed from them through both faces of the web W. It is also possible to use one or several transfer fabrics that do substantially not receive water, instead of said press fabric.
  • the first upper fabric is guided by alignment, tensioning and guide rolls 22 and conditioned by conditioning devices 23.
  • the first extended nip NP 1 includes a lower fabric 30 that receives water, being guided by alignment, tensioning and guide rolls 32 and conditioned by conditioning devices 33.
  • the first extended nip NP 1 and so also the second extended nip NP 2 are accomplished in a "Sym-Belt Press" of the applicant, and the details of the construction of said press will be discussed later.
  • the construction of the press is such that the extended nip NP 1 is composed of a flexible hose mantle and of a backup roll.
  • the press section includes a second upper fabric 40, onto which the web W is transferred as a closed draw by means of the suction zone 41a of the suction roll 41. After the first nip NP 1 , it is ensured that the web W follows the first lower fabric 30 by means of a suction box 36 or a corresponding foil arrangement.
  • the second upper fabric 40 is guided by alignment, tensioning and guide rolls 42 and conditioned by conditioning devices 43.
  • the second extended nip NP 2 is also formed in connection with a hose roll 45, which is similar to the hose roll at the extended nip NP 1 .
  • Tne lower press member at the nip NP 2 is a smooth-faced 105' press roll 105, in connection with whose lower sector a doctor 107 operates, which doctors the web W o going to broke handling and the leader band to the broke handling arrangement placed below (not shown).
  • the smooth face 105' of the press roll 105 makes sure that, after the extended nip NP 2 , the web W follows the face 105' of the lower roll 105, from which it is detached by means of a transfer nip N s and is transferred on support of the drying wire 80, which is guided by the guide roll 81, to the drying section, of which the first heated drying cylinders 82 and leading cylinders 83 are shown in the figures.
  • Single-wire draw is employed at least in the first cylinder group in the drying section.
  • Fig. 2 differs from the press section shown in.Fig. 1 in the respect that the second extended nip NP 2 is a two-fabric nip and includes a lower fabric 50, which is guided by the tensioning, alignment and guide rolls 52 and conditioned by the conditioning devices 53.
  • the extended nip NP 2 is formed between the upper hose roll 45, the press fabrics 40,50, and the lower, hollow-faced 155' press roll 155. After the extended nip NP 2 , it is ensured by means of a suction box 56 and/or by means of the surface properties of the fabric 50 that the web W follows the lower fabric 50.
  • the web W is transferred as a closed draw onto the drying wire 80 as aided by the suction zone 81a of the suction roll 81, and further in the drying section 82,83, at least at the beginning, as a single-wire draw.
  • Fig. 3 differs from the press section described above in relation to Fig. 2 in the respect that, in the second extended nip NP 2 , the hose roll 55 is placed underneath inside the loop of the press fabric 50, and the upper backup roll is a hollow-faced 145', adjustable-crown press roll 145, which is placed inside the loop of the second upper press fabric 40.
  • the web W is transferred after the second nip NP 2 on the lower fabric 50 to the transfer point S, where the suction zone 81 a of the suction roll 81 is placed, by whose means the web W is transferred as a closed draw onto the drying wire 80.
  • the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 4 differs from those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in the respect that the second nip N 2 is a roll nip provided with two press fabrics 40,50 and formed between two hollow-faced 145' and 155' press rolls 145, 155, which are preferably adjustable-crown rolls.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show embodiments that are suitable for use at very high paper machine speeds, e.g. in a speed range of about 25...40 m/s, and, if necessary, also with relatively thick paper qualities.
  • the first press nip N 1 is a so-called wire press, and therein the first fabric 120 is a relatively loose wire-like press fabric, onto which the web W, which has a very high water content and low strength as yet, is transferred on the pick-up zone 21a of the pick-up roll 21 at the pick-up point P from the forming wire 10 proper.
  • the wire press nip N 1 is formed between two press rolls 125 and 35, both of which press rolls have very open hollow faces 125' and 35'.
  • the lower fabric 30 is a press fabric 30 that receives water, onto which fabric the web W is transferred after the nip N 1 by the effect of the adhesion and surface properties of the suction box 36 and/or of the press fabric 30. From the fabric 30, the web W is guided onto the face of the second upper press fabric 40 by means of the suction zone 41a of the suction roll 41 placed inside the loop of said fabric 40.
  • the second nip proper is an extended nip NP 2 , in which the upper press member consists of the hose roll 45 and the lower press member of the hollow-faced 55' press roll 55.
  • a press fabric 50 runs, on which the web W is transferred onto the third upper press fabric 60 on the suction zone 61a of the suction roll 61, and further into the third, sharp press nip N3, which is formed between hollow-faced 65' and 75' press rolls 65,75.
  • the web W follows the lower third fabric 70, which is guided by the tensioning, alignment and guide rolls 72 and conditioned by the conditioning devices 73. From the third lower fabric 70 the web W is detached at the transfer point S on the suction zone 81a of the suction roll 81, being transferred onto the drying wire 80, which carries the web W as a single-wire draw through the first drying group in the dryer.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention that differs from Fig. 5 in the respect that the first wire press nip N o is placed in connection with the wet wire 10 proper so that, before the wire 10 drive roll 12 and the pick-up point P, a suction roll 16 that is provided with an open face and with a suction zone 16a is placed inside the loop of the forming wire 10. Placed against the suction roll 16, there is a press roll 15, which operates inside the loop of the press wire 19, which is provided with a very open mantle face 15', and which is guided by the guide rolls 11. Through the wire press nip N o , a relatively open press fabric 19 runs, which receives water and is well permeable to water.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention that differs from Fig. 5 in the respect that the first wire press nip N o is placed in connection with the wet wire 10 proper so that, before the wire 10 drive roll 12 and the pick-up point P, a suction roll 16 that is provided with an
  • the roll 15 may be a hollow-faced 15' steel roll or any other hollow-faced roll of low-weight construction, e.g. a roll with a composite mantle.
  • the roll 16 is preferably a wire suction roll.
  • the roll may, however, also be some other hollow-faced roll, and in such a case the wire suction roll is placed after the roll 16 separately.
  • the wire W which has been pre-pressed in the wire press nip N o , is transferred at the pick-up point P onto the first upper press fabric 20 proper, which carries the web into the first extended nip NP 1 similar to that described above, and from said nip further, on the first lower fabric 30, with the aid of the suction zone 41a, onto the second upper fabric 40, which carries the web W into the two-fabric roll nip N 2 , from which the web W follows the second lower fabric 50 and is transferred on support of said fabric, at the transfer point S, from the suction zone 81a a onto the drying wire 80.
  • the dry solids content k o of the web W before the wire press nip N o is of an order of 10 %, and in a press as shown in the figure, the dry solids content k 1 at the pick-up point P is of an order of 20 %.
  • Fig. 6A shows such a variation of the wire press nip as shown in Fig. 6 in which a wet wire 10 and two press fabrics 19 and 19A that operate at opposite sides of the wire 10 are employed.
  • the lower press fabric 19A at the nip N o is placed inside the wire 10 loop and is guided by the guide rolls 11A.
  • an extended nip NP o is used as the wire nip.
  • the construction of the nip NP o corresponds to those of the nips NP 1 and NP 2 , and it is formed between a hose roll 15A provided with a smooth or hollow-faced glide-belt mantle 201 and a suction roll 16.
  • the pressure in the extended-nip zone NP o is, as a rule, in the range of 0.5...3 MPa.
  • Fig. 6C shows a variation of the invention in which a belt-tensioned nip NH o is employed.
  • Said nip NH o is formed between a wet wire 10 and a press fabric 19B that run over a suction roll 16.
  • a smooth-faced or hollow-faced tensioning belt 19C is arranged, which is guided by the guide rolls 11C.
  • the length of the press zone a o is, as a rule, in the range of 100...500 mm.
  • the construction is similar to that described above in relation to Figs. 6, 6A and 6B.
  • the web W has a closed and supported draw as it moves from the pick-up point P on the forming wire 10 to the point S, at which it is transferred onto the drying wire 80 of the drying section and further as a supported single-wire draw at least through the first drying group.
  • the fact that, after each nip, the web W follows the fabric that is supposed to carry it forwards is ensured by means of various suction or foil devices, covering angles of the press fabrics, and/or adhesion properties of the fabrics. Of these devices, the suction boxes 56 are shown in the figures.
  • the run of the web W to be pressed through the press section is highly linear without major curves. Owing to the linear path of the web, the dynamic forces applied to the web remain sufficiently low in view of minimizing the risk of breaks.
  • the magnitude of the angle a of change in the direction of the web W is in the range of a ⁇ 10...30° and, as a rule, a ⁇ 15°. An exception from this may be formed by the pick-up roll 21 and its suction zone, at which locally even a high negative pressure may be employed, as well as, in Fig. 1, by the smooth-faced 105' lower press roll 105 and its turning sector b.
  • a press geometry as shown in Fig. 1 is not preferable when the maximum speed range (30...40 m/s) is employed.
  • the closed draw is accomplished so that it has been possible to minimize the dynamic forces applied to the web W and the risks of break.
  • the running quality is satisfactory even at high speeds (30...40 m/s).
  • extended nips NP 1 and NP 2 accomplished by means of hose rolls 200 or band rolls 300 have been employed in a press section in accordance with the invention, it has been possible to ensure a sufficient dewatering capacity and dry solids content even at high speeds without applying compression stages of excessively high peak pressures to the web W. It is a further important property of the extended-nip presses employed in the invention that in them practically no oscillations arise.
  • p max 2.5...4 MPa.
  • the hose roll 200 comprises an elastic mantle 201, which is made, e.g., of fabric-reinforced polyurethane, so that the hose mantle 201 is made of rubber-like stretching material, whose maximum elongation is, e.g., about 20...40 %.
  • the thickness of the hose mantle 201 is, e.g., about 2...5 mm.
  • annular ends 202a and 202b are fixed permanently, the inner parts of said ends being fixed and sealed against revolving axle journals 207a and 207b, which are mounted on the frame parts 110 of the machine by means of fixed bearing supports.
  • the hose roll 200 includes a stationary inner frame 205, around which the hose mantle 201 with its ends 202a,202b revolves on the bearings 206a and 206b.
  • cylinder block sets 203 two sets side by side, are fitted in the inner frame 205.
  • hydraulic support members 206,207 of the glide shoe 210 operate, which members are, thus, placed in two rows, e.g., with a spacing of about 25 cm in the transverse direction one after the other.
  • the two rows of the hydraulic support members 206,207 support a support plate 209, to which a glide shoe 210, e.g., of aluminium is attached, in whose area an extended nip zone NP is formed against a backup roll.
  • the glide shoe 210 is provided with a smooth glide face 211, which operates as a press member against the smooth inner face of the hose mantle 201.
  • the glide shoe 210 has a series of hydrostatic chambers 212 placed one after the other, which chambers contribute to the formation of a hydrostatic loading pressure and to oil lubrication of the glide face 211.
  • Each of the subsequent cylinder blocks 203 communicates with a pipe connector 214, to which pipes 213 of loading medium pass so that a separately adjustable pressure can be passed into each individual block in the series of cylinder blocks 203.
  • An example of the distribution of the nip pressure in an extended-nip zone NP is such a distribution in the machine direction in which the nip pressure (the pressure applied to the web W) at the front edge of the shoe 210 rises, owing to the hydrodynamically generated pressure, to about 40 bars, whereupon the pressure remains at this value as invariable, and in the trailing area of the shoe there is still an increase in the pressure, while the peak pressure is about 70 bars, from which value the pressure goes abruptly to zero at the trailing edge of the shoe 210.
  • said distribution of pressure can be varied so as to obtain an optimal pressing result.
  • the compression pressure at the hose roll 200 and the distribution of said pressure in the machine direction can be arranged such that the start of the dewatering, while the dry solids content of the web W is still relatively low, can be carried out so gently that the fibre structure of the web W is not deteriorated.
  • a regulation system related to the invention is sketched, by whose means the pressure profiles of the extended nip NP in the transverse direction and in the machine direction can be controlled.
  • the regulation system is illustrated by the block 250, from which a series of regulation signals c 1 is given which regulate the hydraulic pressures fed through the pipes 213.
  • a feedback signal is received from separate wirings 214, which is illustrated by the series of signals c 2 .
  • the system 250 communicates with a measurement arrangement 260, by whose means the different profiles of the paper web W produced, such as moisture or thickness profiles, are measured, and this provides a series of feedback signals c 3 for the regulation system 250, which produces the series of regulation signals c 1 .
  • the hose roll 200 is oil-tight, and the interior of the hose 201 can be arranged as slightly pressurized. From the glide faces 211 of the glide shoes 210, a slight leakage of oil takes place, which oil is collected from inside the hose mantle 201 and passed through the pipe 215 back to the oil circulation.
  • the hose roll 200 shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is preferably mounted on fixed bearing supports, in which case the extended nip NP must be opened by means of a movement of the backup roll. This is necessary, because a play of, e.g., about 40 mm for movement of the glide shoes 210 of the hose roll is not sufficient for opening the nip NP sufficiently, e.g., for replacement of the fabrics.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of a band roll 300.
  • a band 301 loop is used that is longer than the circular hose mantle 201.
  • Said band 301 is guided from inside and the extended nip NP is loaded by a hydrostatically and hydrodynamically loaded glide shoe 310, which is fitted inside the band 301 loop and which has a hydrostatically loadable series of pressure fluid chambers 312 in the area of the extended nip NP.
  • a beam 305 is fitted, which is provided with a series of hydraulic loading members 306 and 307, by whose means the glide shoe 310 can be loaded in a controlled way.
  • the band loop 301 is guided by a leading roll 311, in whose connection a spreader roll 312 is operative. Both ends of the band loop 301 are closed by means of end pieces so as to prevent oil leakages and splashes, of which end pieces one piece 312a is shown in Fig. 9.
  • the more detailed embodiment of the band roll shown in Fig. 9 comes out, e.g., from the applicant's FI Pat. Appl. No. 891380 (corresp. EP-A-0 389 458).
  • the backup roll used in an extended nip NP as shown in Fig. 9 is an adjustable-crown roll 160, e.g. an adjustable-crown roll marketed by the applicant under the trade mark "Sym-Z Roll", which forms an extended nip NP by means of its sector C with the band roll 300.
  • a corresponding roll can be used together with the hose roll 200.
  • the roll 160 has a cylinder mantle 161, against whose smooth inner face 162 a series of glide shoes 165 operates, which is provided with hydraulic lubrication and loading chambers 166.
  • the series of shoes 165 is loaded by means of a series of hydraulic actuators 164.
  • the backup roll 160 is employed together with the fabric 60 as a member that receives water, the outer face of the mantle 160 is provided with a hollow face.
  • the principal purpose of the roll 160 is to heat the web 60, e.g., by means of induction heating devices 170, a smooth mantle face is employed on the roll.
  • a heating device is provided, e.g. an inductive heating device 170, by whose means the temperature profile of the roll mantle, and thereby the profile and the dewatering capacity of the extended nip, can be affected.
  • the roll 160 can also be used so that it has a smooth outer face and that by its means the web W is pressed directly, in which case there is no fabric 60 in between, and in this way the web W can be heated directly, thereby affecting the viscosity of the water present in the web and the elastic properties of the web W, thus promoting the dewatering and the transverse profile of the dry solids content.

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Claims (18)

  1. Verfahren zur Entwässerung einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn (W) in einer Papiermaschine, wobei die Papierbahn (W) in dem Former der Papiermaschine drainiert worden ist, die Entwässerung dadurch bewirkt wird, daß die Papierbahn (W) an wasseraufnehmenden Geweben (20, 30, 40, 50) durch eine Pressenpartie mit zumindest zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Entwässerungspressenspalten (NP1, N2) geleitet wird, so daß durch die Wirkung des Kompressionsdrucks Wasser aus dem Fasergeflecht der Papierbahn (W) in die Räume in den Geweben sowie in die Räume in Hohlflächen von auf die Bahn (W) druckausübenden bewegbaren Entwässerungselementen, wie etwa Pressenwalzen (35, 145, 155), transferiert wird, die Papierbahn nachfolgend zu der Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine transferiert wird, wobei die Papierbahn (W) von dem Abnahmepunkt (P) an dem Formungssieb (10) des Formers zu dem Transferpunkt (S) zum Trockensieb (80) der Trockenpartie in einem geschlossenen Zug transferiert wird, während sie mittels eines wasseraufnehmenden Gewebes (20, 30, 40, 50), eines Transfergewebes oder einer anderen entsprechenden Transferoberfläche konstant gestützt wird, und zumindest einer der beiden aufeinanderfolgenden Pressenspalte ein Langpressenspalt (NP1) ist, wobei die Länge des Langpressenspalts in der Maschinenlaufrichtung größer als etwa 100 mm ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß ein Drainagepressen an dem Formungssieb (10) der Bahn (W) in einer dem Abnahmepunkt (P) vorangehenden Vorpreßzone (No, NHo, NPo) durchgeführt wird, in der ein relativ offenes wasseraufnehmendes Gewebe (19, 19B) gegen das Formungssieb (10) plaziert ist,
    daß der Langpressenspalt (NP1) durch eine Schlauchwalze (200) oder eine Bandwalze (300) und eine gegenüberliegende Pressenwalze (35) gebildet ist,
    daß die Verteilung des innerhalb des Langpressenspalts (NP1) angewendeten Kompressionsdruckes sowohl in der Querrichtung der Bahn (W) als auch in der Maschinenlaufrichtung reguliert und/oder ausgewählt wird, um die verschiedenen Profile von Eigenschaften der Bahn festzulegen oder zu steuern, und
    daß der Transfer von dem Formungssieb (10) zu dem Trockensieb (80) mit einer Geschwindigkeit durchgeführt wird, die größer als etwa 25 bis 30 m/s ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Vorpreßzone das relativ offene Pressengewebe (19) und das Formungssieb (10) durch einen Walzenspalt (No) optional zusammen mit einem anderen gegenüberliegenden Pressengewebe (19A) geleitet werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Vorpreßzone das relativ offene Pressengewebe (19B) und das Formungssieb (10) durch einen riemengespannten Spalt (NHo) geleitet werden, in dem der Kompressionsdruck vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 0,01 bis 0,5 MPa liegt und dessen Länge vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 100 bis 500 mm liegt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Vorpreßzone das relativ offene Pressengewebe (19) und das Formungssieb (10) durch einen Langspalt (NPo) geleitet werden, in dem ein Kompressionsdruck von vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 3 MPa angewendet wird und dessen Länge vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 100 bis 300 mm liegt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Papierbahn an dem Abnahmepunkt (P) auf die untere Fläche eines ersten oberen wasseraufnehmenden Gewebes (20) transferiert wird, das durch den ersten Pressenspalt (NP1) in der Pressenpartie zusammen mit einem ersten unteren Gewebe (30) geleitet wird,
    daß an der oberen Fläche des ersten unteren Gewebes (30) die Bahn (W) zu einer Saugwalze (41) transferiert wird, an der die Bahn auf die untere Fläche des zweiten oberen Gewebes (40) transferiert wird,
    daß die Bahn durch den zweiten nachfolgenden Pressenspalt (N2) in der Pressenpartie zwischen dem zweiten oberen Gewebe und einem zweiten unteren wasseraufnehmenden Gewebe (50) geleitet wird,
    daß die Bahn abgestützt auf dem zweiten unteren Gewebe zu dem Transferpunkt (S) an dem Trockensieb (80) transferiert wird, und
    beide Pressenspalte vorzugsweise Langpressenspalte sind.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Papierbahn an dem Abnahmepunkt auf die untere Fläche eines ersten wasseraufnehmenden Gewebes transferiert wird, das durch den ersten Pressenspalt in der Pressenpartie zusammen mit einem ersten unteren Gewebe geleitet wird,
    daß an der oberen Fläche des ersten unteren Gewebes die Bahn zu einer Saugwalze transferiert wird, an der die Bahn auf die untere Fläche eines zweiten oberen Gewebes transferiert wird,
    daß die Bahn durch einen zweiten Pressenspalt in der Pressenpartie zwischen dem zweiten oberen Gewebe und einem zweiten unteren wasseraufnehmenden Gewebe geleitet wird, wobei abgestützt darauf die Bahn auf ein drittes oberes Gewebe transferiert wird,
    daß die Bahn durch einen dritten Pressenspalt, vorzugsweise einen Walzenspalt, zwischen dem dritten oberen Gewebe und einem dritten unteren Gewebe geleitet wird, und
    daß die Bahn abgestützt auf dem dritten unteren Gewebe zu dem Transferpunkt an dem Trockensieb transferiert wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der maximale Kompressionsdruck, der in dem Langpressenspalt verwendet wird, auf einen Bereich von pmax = 3 bis 9 MPa, vorzugsweise pmax = 5 bis 8 MPa, eingestellt wird, und daß die Druckverteilung vorzugsweise derart angepaßt wird, daß in dem Anfangsteil des Langpressenspalts der Kompressionsdruck steil erhöht wird, woraufhin der Kompressionsdruck im wesentlichen unveränderlich gehalten wird und in dem Rückende des Langpressenspalts der Kompressionsdruck derart reguliert wird, daß er größer ist als der unveränderliche Kompressionsdruck.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Entwässerungspressen der Bahn (W) gestartet wird, wenn der Trockenfeststoffanteil ko der Bahn (W) 10 % ist, und Wasser aus der Bahn entfernt wird, so daß nach der Pressenpartie ihr Trockenfeststoffanteil kaus 35 bis 65 %, vorzugsweise kaus = 40 bis 55 %, beträgt.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bahn (W) durch die unterschiedlichen Preßstufen in der Pressenpartie als ein im wesentlichen gerader Lauf geleitet wird, so daß der Winkel (a) der Änderung in der Richtung der Bahn (W), während sich die Bahn durch die Pressenspalte und von einem Gewebe auf das andere bewegt, kleiner 30°, vorzugsweise a ≈ 15°, ist.
  10. Papierherstellungsmaschine, in der eine Papierbahn (W), die durch Pressen zu entwässern ist, von einer Formerpartie zu einer Pressenpartie und nachfolgend in eine Trockenpartie geleitet wird, welche Pressenpartie zumindest zwei nachfolgende Pressenspaltzonen (NP1, N2) aufweist, wobei zwei wasseraufnehmende Pressengewebe (20, 30) mit dazwischenliegender Bahn (W) durch zumindest den ersten (NP1) der Pressenspaltzonen gehen, wobei die Pressenpartie folgendes aufweist:
    Pressen- und Transfergewebe (20, 30, 40, 50), die in solcher Weise angepaßt sind, daß die zu entwässernde Papierbahn (W) von dem Abnahmepunkt (P) an dem Formungssieb (10) der Formungspartie zu dem Transferpunkt (S) zu der Trockenpartie einen geschlossenen Zug hat, und zwar ohne freie, ungestützte Züge, wobei die Bahn zwischen dem Abnahmepunkt (P) und dem Transferpunkt (S) durch ein Pressengewebe (20, 30, 40, 50), ein Transfergewebe oder eine andere entsprechende Transferoberfläche konstant abgestützt wird,
    eine Anordnung von Pressengeweben (20, 30, 40, 50) und Pressenwalzen (25, 35, 145, 155), die die zumindest beiden nachfolgenden Pressenspaltzonen bilden, wobei
    zumindest eine der zwei nachfolgenden Pressenspaltzonen eine Langpressenspaltzone (NP1) ist und die Länge dieser Langpressenspaltzone (NP1) in der Maschinenlaufrichtung größer ist als 100 mm,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Langpressenspaltzone (NP1) durch eine Schlauchwalze (200) oder eine Bandwalze (300) und eine gegenüberliegende Pressenwalze (35) gebildet ist, und
    daß eine Vorpreßzone, die dem Abnahmepunkt (P) vorangeht, dadurch gebildet ist, daß das Formungssieb (10) und ein gegenüberliegendes, offenes Pressengewebe (19, 19B) mit der dazwischenliegenden Bahn (W) durch einen Pressenspalt (No, NPo, NHo) geleitet werden.
  11. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pressenspalt (N0) der Vorpreßzone durch eine Saugwalze (16) und eine hohlflächige Walze (15) gebildet ist.
  12. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pressenspalt der Vorpreßzone ein Langspalt (NPo) ist.
  13. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Langspalt (NPo) mittels einer Saugwalze (16) und einer Schlauchwalze (15A) gebildet ist, die mit einem hohlflächigen Gleitriemenmantel (201) versehen ist.
  14. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pressenspalt (NHo) der Vorpreßzone mittels einer Saugwalze (16) und eines gespannten Riemens (19C) gebildet ist.
  15. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die erste Pressenspaltzone (NP1) in der Pressenpartie ein erstes oberes Abnahme- und Pressengewebe (20) und ein erstes unteres Pressengewebe (30) aufweist,
    daß die zweite Pressenspaltzone in der Pressenpartie ein zweites oberes Pressengewebe (40) aufweist,
    daß eine Saugwalze (41) zwischen den beiden nachfolgenden Pressenspaltzonen zum Transfer der Bahn (W) von dem'ersten unteren Gewebe (30) zu dem zweiten oberen Gewebe (40) eingerichtet ist,
    daß die zweite Pressenspaltzone (N2) in der Pressenpartie ein zweites unteres Pressengewebe (50) aufweist, und
    daß beide Pressenspaltzonen vorzugsweise Langpressenspaltzonen sind.
  16. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pressenpartie drei nachfolgende Pressenspaltzonen aufweist, von denen zumindest eine eine Langpressenspaltzone ist und die anderen durch Walzenspalte vorgesehen sind.
  17. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Langpressenspaltzone (NP1) in Verbindung mit einer Schlauchwalze (200) gebildet ist, die einen dünnen elastischen Schlauch von im wesentlichen kreisförmigem Querschnitt hat, an welchem Schlauch (201) geschlossene Enden (202a, 202b) fest angebracht sind, wobei die Walze (200) mit einem ortsfesten inneren Rahmen (205) vorgesehen ist, an dem ein einstellbarer Gleitschuh (210) angebracht ist, der in einer gesteuerten Weise mittels hydraulischer Belastungselemente, vorzugsweise hydraulische Belastungselemente (206, 207), die in zwei separaten Reihen plaziert sind, belastet ist, so daß der Kompressionsdruck in der Langpressenspaltzone sowohl in der Maschinenlaufrichtung als auch in der Querrichtung gesteuert werden kann.
  18. Papierherstellungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gegenüberliegende Pressenwalze (160) in der Langpressenspaltzone vorzugsweise eine Pressenwalze mit einstellbarer Durchbiegung ist, und daß die Langpressenspaltzone in Verbindung mit einer Bandwalze (300) gebildet ist, die mittels einer flexiblen Bandschleife (301) vorgesehen ist, wobei ein die Spaltzone bildender Gleitschuh (310) innerhalb der Schleife (301) plaziert ist, und die Bandschleife (301) mittels einer Führungswalze (311) oder einem gleichartigen in der Bandschleife vorgesehenen Führungselement von der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Gleitschuhs (310) geleitet wird, wodurch im Hinblick auf eine Verhinderung von ölspritzern beide Enden der Bandschleife geschlossen sind.
EP91850291A 1990-11-23 1991-11-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entwässerung einer Papierbahn durch Pressen Expired - Lifetime EP0487483B1 (de)

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ATE168423T1 (de) 1998-08-15
DE69129788T2 (de) 1998-11-19
ATE218648T1 (de) 2002-06-15
DE69129788D1 (de) 1998-08-20
DE69133030T2 (de) 2002-11-21
DE69133030D1 (de) 2002-07-11
EP0770727B1 (de) 2002-06-05
FI905798A (fi) 1992-05-24
CA2055927C (en) 1999-02-02
FI905798A0 (fi) 1990-11-23
EP0770727A1 (de) 1997-05-02
FI96789B (fi) 1996-05-15
CA2055927A1 (en) 1992-05-24
EP0487483A1 (de) 1992-05-27
FI96789C (fi) 1996-08-26

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